1. Amabheji ayizilwane ezinkulu ezanele ezingabameleli bomndeni womndeni.
2. Lezi zilwane zihlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica: eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu (ngaphandle kwasenyakatho peninsula yaseScandinavia naseFinland), e-Afrika, eNtshonalanga yeCanada. Indawo abahlala kuyo ihlanganisa iCaucasus neTranscaucasia, i-Asia Minor neNtshonalanga Asia.
3. Ama-Badger atholakala emagqumeni ase-alpine, emahlathini, ogwini, ovule izihlahla nezinkambu.
4. Ama-Badger akhetha i-taiga exubile ne-taiga, ngezikhathi ezithile amahlathi asezintabeni, eningizimu nawo ahlala endaweni yama-steppes kanye nama-semi-desertert.
5. Zidinga izindawo ezomile, ezinamanzi amaningi ezitholakala eduze namachibi noma amachibi aphansi lapho ungathola khona ukudla okuningi.
6. Isibi sibonisa ukubonakala okubonakalayo kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukusixuba nesinye isilwane. Ubude bebiji endala bufika kusuka ku-60 kuye ku-90 cm, ubude bomsila wawo buyi-20- 24 cm, isisindo bufika kuma-24 kg, kuthi ngaphambi kwesikhathi se-hibernation, bukhuphukela kuma-34 kg.
7. Umzimba mkhulu, ubumbekile ngesimo, esifana negeji eliqondiswe phambili, ngesigaxa esilinganiselwe sibili. Intamo imfushane kakhulu, icishe ingabonakali.
8. Izinyawo nazo zimfushane, zinkulu. Iminwe igcina ngemichilo emide emfushane, efanelekile ukumba.
9. Uboya besibi budlakadlaka. Emuva nezinhlangothi zinombala onsundu ngombala we-silver tint, umzimba umnyama onsundu ngezansi.
10. Ubuso bamabhulukwe buhlotshiswe ngemivimbo emnyama emibili esuka ekhaleni iye ezindlebeni.
Ibheji elivamile
11. Ebhokisini lase-Euro noma elijwayelekile, umbala woboya ungahluka: umhlophe, onsundu noma umnyama, isisindo sisukela kumakhilogremu amane kuya kwayi-12.
12. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayiyona eyejwayelekile kumabheji; abesifazane nabesilisa balesi zinhlobo babukeka bengafani.
13. Ama-Badger cishe awanazo izitha zemvelo. Usongo kubo uyimpisi, i-lynx nenja, ezifuywayo nezasendle. Amakati asendle, okhozi nabantu nazo ziba yingozi kumabheji.
14. Umabheji uhlala emvelweni iminyaka eyi-10-12, ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sokuphila sikhuphuka siye eminyakeni eyi-16.
15. Ukwesabisa isitha sabo, amabhulukwe ngokuvamile afafaza uketshezi olunephunga elivela ezilungeni zawo. Bangakwazi ukuxosha izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu njengempisi, i-coyote nebhere.
16. I-Badger isilwane esijabule kakhulu. Amanga athi “unomphela ngaphandle kwemood” awunangqondo nakancane. UBadger uthanda ukudlala nabafowabo futhi uya emicimbini "yabangane."
17. Amabheji ayizilwane ezihlasimulisayo, kepha ukudla kwezilwane kubaluleke kakhulu ekudleni kwazo. Lezi yilezi: imicibisholo enjengegundane, amasele, izibungu, izinyoni namaqanda ayo, izinambuzane nezibungu zazo, izinyamazane, iminyundu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-badger adla amakhowe, amajikijolo, amantongomane notshani.
18. Ukuzingela, ibheji lizungeza indawo enkulu impela, kuqhume izihlahla ezibunjiwe, kuqhume amagxolo ezihlahla neziqu, lapho kufihla khona izinambuzane nezibungu.
19. Imbongi endala ngesikhathi esisodwa sokuzingela iyakwazi ukuqoqa ukusuka kuma-50 kuya kwangama-70 amaxoxo, amakhulukhulu ezinambuzane nezibungu. Ngosuku adinga ngalo ukudla okungaba ngu-500 g, udla kuphela ngaphambi kokuzilibazisa, lapho edla bese ehamba emafutheni, okuwumthombo wokudla okuzayo ebusika bonke.
20. Ama-Badger awanawo umbono omuhle, kunxephezelwa ngumqondo onamandla wokuhogela nokuzwa.
21. Esikhathini esiningi, umubi uhlala ekhaya - emgodini. Umuzi wakhe uthokomele kakhulu, uhlanzekile futhi mncane. Ngokuvamile, lesi silo sithathwa njengomunye wabameleli abahlanzekile kunabo bonke eqenjini.
22. Amabheji ahlala emgodini ojulile owembiwe ngawo emithambekeni yamagquma anesihlabathi, izigodi nezigodi emahlathini. Zinamathele kakhulu esimeni ahlala kuzo, futhi zingadlula ngisho nokuncipha kwazo kusuka kwesinye isizukulwane kuya kwesinye.
23. Indawo yokuhlala endala yesabeki iyisakhiwo esiyisisekelo esingaphansi komhlaba esiyindawo enezindawo ezivulekile ezingama-40-50 zokungena nokungena komoya, inemigudu emide (5-10 metres) eholela kumagumbi amakhulu angama-2-3. Lezi zokugcina zibekwe ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwezendlalelo ezingamanzi, ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-5, ukuze imvula namanzi angaphansi komhlaba kungangeni kuwo, futhi kufakwe udoti owomile.
24. Kumuntu oyedwa, imisele ibelula, ifakwe emnyango owodwa negumbi lokudlela. Amabheji agcina ukuhleleka emiseleni yawo futhi awahlanze, eshintsha udoti njalo.
25. "Ukufakwa isitayela" komndeni wamabibi kungaba khona ngokuzimela nangasohlangothini nabanye. Kwesinye isikhathi emgodini owodwa ungathola imindeni engama-2-3. Futhi, ngendlela, emphakathini "onjalo" wonke umuntu uphila ngokuthula.
Ibheji lezinyosi eziMnyama
26. Ungesabi omelele amabheji - ibheji lezinyosi. Yibuphi ubunzima abudalayo emhlabeni wezilwane? Untshontsha amazinyane ezingulule, aphathe ukudla ezingonyameni, adle izinyoka ezinobuthi "ezimnandi".
27. Amabheji ajwayela ukumba imigodi ebanzi futhi enezinhlaka eziningi; uma ungena ujule emhlabathini ongaphansi kwamamitha amahlanu, ungathola amakamelo wokudlela lapho kuhlala khona amabheji angaphezu kwama-20.
28. Umzimba wesibi uthambekele ekumba, iminwe yayo inemifantu futhi imfushane, intamo imfushane kakhulu futhi ngenxa yomzimba omkhulu, iyame emilenzeni emifushane, iwufaka kalula emhlabathini umzimba.
29. Zonke izimbadada zizalwa cishe ngosuku olufanayo. Ama-cube e-badger ngokuvamile azalwa eyimpumputhe, futhi umbono wawo uqala ukukhula phakathi kweminyaka emine kuya kwayisithupha.
30. Ama-badger akagcini nje ngokugoqa ubusika babo, kodwa futhi bayazondla. Ngakho-ke, ubumnandi bazo obukhulu luju. Balungiselela kahle isikhathi sokubanda, isisindo sabo sanda kaningana. Futhi hhayi kuphela ngenxa yobumnandi lobu. Konke kusetshenziselwa inkambo, izilwane nezitshalo.
Nge-ekwindla, amabhulukwe akha amabhangqa, kepha isikhathi sokuzalela nokuzala sihlukile, okuholela ekushintsheni kwesikhathi sokukhulelwa, esibonakaliswa isigaba esisekude sokukhulelwa. Ukukhulelwa, ngakho-ke, kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-271 (uma ukukhula kwemvelo kwenzeka ehlobo) kuya ezinsukwini ezingama-450 (uma ukukhula komzimba kwenzeka ebusika).
32. Abesifazane abasebasha bafinyelela eminyakeni yobudala engu-2, abesilisa babe neminyaka emi-3.
33. Ukusuka ezinganeni ezi-2 kuya kweziyi-6 kuzalwa izingane: eYurophu - kusuka ngoDisemba kuze kube ngu-Ephreli, eRussia - kusuka ngoMashi kuya ku-Ephreli. Futhi izinsikazi cishe ngokushesha ziqala ukuzala.
34. Umbono wamabhulukwe amancane usikwa eneminyaka engama-35 kuya kwengama-352, izinyanga ezintathu zentsha sezikwazi ukuzitholela ukudla kwazo.
35. Isampula seBadger siwohloka ngaphambi kokucwaswa, ekwindla.
36. Ukubona ibheji akuwona umsebenzi olula. Futhi konke ngoba lesi silwane sihola indlela yokuphila yobusuku futhi sithanda ukuchitha amahora amaningi embandeni waso. Ekuseni, zingabonakala kuze kube ngehora lesi-8 kusihlwa - ukusuka ngo-17-18.
37. UBadger ukhetha umuntu azoshada naye ahlala naye impilo yakhe yonke.
38. Ithonya labantu phezu kwesibalo salesi silwane liyacabangana futhi lingaba lihle futhi lingelibi. Njengomphumela womsebenzi wezomnotho, ukondliwa kanye nokwakhiwa kwemibundu yebheji kungathuthukiswa.
39. Kepha ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo zemvelo ngemigwaqo kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi amabheji amaningi afela ezindleleni. Okungalungile kuthinta isibalo sabazingeli bezinkukhu ababhubhayo kubo kanye nokubhujiswa kwezimbobo.
40. Lesi ukuphela kwezinhlobo eziphakathi kobulwelwe obucashe ubusika. Enyakatho, ukucasha ubusika ebhandeni kuqala ngo-Okthoba-Novemba futhi kuqhubeke kuze kube uMashi-Ephreli, eningizimu yebanga uma kunobusika obumnene, izilwane zihlala zisebenza unyaka wonke.
41. UBadger uyakwazi ukugijima ngejubane elingaba ngu-30 km ngehora.
42. Ukusetshenziswa kwembala kubantu ukuthi ukudla kwalo kufaka ama-invertebrates, izinambuzane zezamahlathi nezolimo, ngokwesibonelo, izibungu zebhungane likaMeyi.
Izikhumba zesikhumba se-badger azisizi ngalutho; uboya busetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amabhulashi namabhulashi, ngokwesibonelo, ukuxubha.
44. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amabheji angazibekezelela izifo eziyingozi ezinjengamarabi kanye nesifo sofuba sezinkomo.
45. Amabheji awahambisani nokuhlaselwa inyamazane nakubantu, imvamisa afihla ukucasha, kepha ibeki elibi lizoshaya amakhala nalo lilume umenzi walo ngaphambi kokubaleka.
Ibheji ekwelashini
46. I-Badger iwuphawu oluthandwa ngokufanele. Ngakho-ke, lesi silwane sifanekiswa engubeni yempi yaseMeghreg yasemakhaya eRiphabhulikhi yaseKarelia (isibongo esithi "myagra" sisho ukuthi "ibheji"), kanye nengubo yendawo yokuhlala yasemakhaya yaseKutyizh eRiphabhulikhi yaseKarelia. Isibi esifana nengulube sikhonjiswa engubeni yomuzi waseShenkursk.
47. I-Badger iguqula kakhulu imvelo. Imisele yayo eyakheke ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi inomthelela emhlabathini, nasezintweni ezihlala kuwo.
48. Ezindaweni lapho kunezimbobo eziningi ezimbi khona, izinhlobo zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene ziqala ukukhula, okuthi kwandise i-mosaic biogeocenosis.
49. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbobo zamabheji zaba indawo yezimpungushe, izinja ze-raccoon nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane abaphephela kuzo sezulu, ezingozini nasenzalweni yokuzalanisa.
50. Encwadini ebomvu yeInternational Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), ibheji ibhalwe njengezinhlobo ezinosongo oluncane lokuqothulwa. Okusho ukuthi, lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo luyinto evamile, futhi abantu bakhona bazinza impela.
Ibheji
UBadger isilwane esidla inyama, okuwukuphela kommeleli wohlobo lwamabheji. Lesi silo esincanyana kakhulu sinezingubo ezinde ezilukhuni, ezinombala ohlukile kuzinhlobo. Ukuma komzimba wakhe kufana nethonsi noma isigaxa: umzimba omncane ekugcineni wekhanda ufinyelela emsileni. Ibheji linemilenze emifushane ebanzi, efakwe ukugoqa okude, okwenza kube lula ukukhulula inhlabathi eminyene. Lapho uhamba, ibheji liphumula kuwo wonke unyawo. Umbono omuhle kakhulu futhi umuzwa wokuhogela obucayi uvumela i-badger iholele indlela yokuphila yobusuku.
Ngobude, lesi silwane sifinyelela amasentimitha angama-60-90, singabali ubude bomsila, obungamasentimitha angama-20. Isibi sinesisindo esisuka kumakhilogremu angama-24 kuye kwangama-34, kanti abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane. Ubuningi besilwane buyehluka kuye ngesizini: ngobusuku obusebusika, isisindo saso siphezulu, ngoba ngesikhathi sobusika isilwane siqongelela amanoni amaningi. Ama-Badger anentamo emfushane nesigaxa esidala esinamehlo amancane namadlebe amancane amancane ayindilinga. Isilo sinogebhezi olukhulu, imidwebo yalo ye-zygomatic ithuthukiswe kahle. Isibalo samazinyo singama-34 noma ama-36, amachashazi akhiqizwanga kahle, ama-molars angaphansi kwaso asithambile avumela indawo yokudla yesitshalo. Ezinyaweni ezibanzi zebheji kukhona iminwe emihlanu enezigaxa ezinde ezigobile.
Isilo sinejazi elide elinamakhaza nengubo efushane yangaphansi. Uboya bangemuva nezinhlangothi zomzimba buphaphathekile onsundu ngokunwebeka kwesiliva, isisu sinombala omnyama, bese kuthi isesibekweni eside esimhlophe sesilwane imichilo emide emide, ephambukayo isuka ekhaleni iye ezindlebeni, ibonakala kahle. Izinwele ezisezandleni zezindlebe zimhlophe. Umphimbo ucishe umnyama ngombala. Amaphethelo esibi anombala omnyama kakhulu. Ebusika, izilwane zibukeka zilula kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nombala wehlobo. Ukuhlanza kuqala entwasahlobo futhi kuqhubeke ehlobo lonke: kuqala ingubo engaphansi iyaphuma, ngoJuni lonke lonke ijazi lingena, bese kuthi ngo-Agasti kufike isikhathi sokukhula kwezinwele ezintsha zangaphandle. Ekugcineni, kwakhiwa uboya obusika ngo-Okthoba.
Indlela Yokuphila Nokuziphatha Komphakathi
Amabheji akhetha isikhathi sasebusuku, yize kwesinye isikhathi angahlangana ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga noma ekuseni kakhulu. Kusebusuku lapho isilwane sihamba sidla inyama yaso, kuthi ntambama sibuyele endaweni yaso enhle yokunethezeka ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga. Isakhiwo esisodwa sinosayizi ofinyelela kumahektare angama-525. Amabheji ahlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho avame ukuwa lapho. Ezinhlotsheni ezihlala kude naseningizimu ngesimo sezulu esipholile, lokhu akudingekile. Ngaphambi kokungaziboni, ipulaki yebheji enomhlaba futhi ishiye konke ukungena nokungena endaweni yokuhlala. Uvame ukulala ngeqhwa lokuqala, kepha lokhu akulona iqiniso lokubi: izinga lokushisa lomzimba liyashintsha kancane, ukulala kuvame ukungabi namandla ngokuvuka ngezikhathi ezithile. Isikhathi sokuqedwa kweHibernation siyahlukahluka ngesifunda. ECentral Russia, ngokwesibonelo, kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli-Meyi.
Amabheji ayizidalwa zenhlalo. Inhlangano yomndeni wobubi ingamangaza ngisho nomuntu onolwazi ngemvelo. Umhlangano wabantu ababili abavela emndenini owodwa uhambisana nohlobo lokubingelelana lapho behlikihla ngemuva kwemizimba yabo, babekane ngephunga labo lomsipha, okwenza kube lula ukubona izihlobo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umndeni unendawo ekhethekile ezintweni eziza kuqala kubhavu. Kukhona umholi emndenini - owesilisa ovelele, njengomthetho, onamava kakhulu futhi oqinile. Ucishe aqaphe njalo, amamaki anamaki wemaskhi kuyo yonke insimu nabantu abasha. Imisebenzi yakhe ifaka phakathi ukuvikela umndeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usiza ukuhlela imisebenzi yokuphila ngokuhlanganyela, afundise abesilisa abasebasha futhi ajezise labo abangayilandeli imithetho yomphakathi. Uma ngasizathu simbe isilwane besingekho izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-5-7, nephunga le-musky elishiywe emhlanganweni wamabheji lanyamalala, khona-ke umuntu ongangeneki ngeke esavunyelwa ukungena ekhaya lomndeni.
Izimbobo ze-badger ziyizinhlelo ezingaphansi komhlaba. Okujulile, ngesakhiwo esinamagatsha anamanzi amaningi, anokungena okuningi, amakhamera, ezokuxhumana, izimbobo zokupholisa umoya. Idolobha elibi lingafinyelela emashumini ambalwa futhi ngamakhulu amamitha ubude nobubanzi. Ukujula kwezindlu ezinjalo kungaba ngamamitha amahlanu ngaphansi komhlaba. Uma ama-badger ekhethe indawo ahlala kuyo, khona-ke eminyakeni embalwa le nsimu isiphenduka ilabhorethri enkulu yezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba. Emiseleni kunamagumbi ahlukene okugcina okutholakalayo, okokupholisa umoya.
Akuwona wonke amabheji ahlala emadolobheni anjalo. Kunabantu abaningi abahlala bodwa futhi basebenzisa imisele elula, enegumbi elilodwa lokudlela. Isilo sidonsa utshani obomile bese sihamba siye ekhaya laso laphakade. Isibi siyisilwane esihlanzeke kakhulu, sikuvuselela njalo okuphakathi komgodi, sikhiphe konke okungadingekile kuso, kuthathe indawo yedoti. Uhlela indlu yangasese hhayi emgodini, kepha kude nebanga elithile kuyo.
Ukuhamba kwezilwane
Ibheji livame ukunamathelwa endaweni yalo futhi lisuke emgodini walo kuphela lapho lizingela futhi liqoqa ukudla. Abanye abantu noma imindeni yamabheji ifuna izindawo ezintsha zokuziphilisa ezizimele, ezihlukile kuwo wonke umphakathi. Bese bethutha, bazihlelele izindlu ezincane zesikhashana.
Izwi lezilwane
Ama-Badger ayakwazi ukwenza imisindo ehlukahlukene. Baqubuka ngenkathi bezingela. Ziyakwazi ukuhhewula, amagxolo, i-squeal, i-squeak noma ihewule. Izilwane ezisengozini, kanye nabesifazane, lapho zizala, zingenza imisindo ephindaphindekayo noma okuthile okufana negxolo. Uma kwenzeka esaba, amabheji amemeza kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi ibheji lenza uhlobo lokuhlwitha, bese kuthi lapho isilala isilwane siphuphume. Ungahlukanisa imisindo ethile ngesikhathi sokuzingela, umzabalazo we-interspecific noma isizini yokuzalela.
Okushiwo amabheji
I-subfamily of badger ifaka izinhlobo ezintathu zohlobo oluthile: ibheji, i-teledu kanye namabheji e-ferret. I-Bad Badger kuphela yizinhlobo zokuqala zofuzo ezibalwe. Ukumbalwa okumbalwa kwebheji kuyaziwa okwenze ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zokuhlala. Enye yazo ijwayelekile eNtshonalanga Yurophu, enye eSpain nasePortugal, abamele izinhlangano ezingaphansi kwesithathu zigcwele indawo yaseRussia. Kukhona futhi okubhalwe phansi kwesilwane esihlala eJapan, eNtshonalanga Asia, China naseTibet.
Ububanzi nendawo yokuhlala ibheji
IBarsukov ingatholakala kuyo yonke indawo eYurophu, ngaphandle kwezifunda ezisenyakatho impela, lapho umhlabathi wenziwe iqhwa futhi ungalungelanga ukumba izimbobo - eFinland nasenyakatho yeScandinavia. Izakhamuzi zaseBadger zihlala eTranscaucasia, eCaucasus, e-Asia Minor nakwezinye izindawo zaseNtshonalanga Asia. Enye yezinsizakalo ezitholakala eJapan. Njengoba ama-badger esebenzisa ingxenye enkulu yezimpilo zawo emiseleni, akhetha izindawo ezinomhlabathi othambile kanye nokuqukethwe okuphansi komhlaba. Izindawo abahlala kuzo zivame ukutholakala emithambekeni, emadwaleni nasezindaweni ezinendawo engalingani.Isigaxa esincane nemilenze enkulu egandayiwe ivumela ibheji ukuphatha kalula noma inhlabathi enamadwala bese yakhe ikhaya lapho. UBadger uhlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini ama-taiga namahlathi axubile. Ingatholakala emahlathini asezintabeni, yize kuncane kakhulu. Eningizimu, amabheji ahlala ngisho nasezindaweni ezimahlane nezindawo ezingatheni. Kepha okudingeka kubo ukusondela kwendawo yokugcina amanzi, ebangeni elingadluli kumakhilomitha ukusuka esizeni.
Zidlani izibi?
Kusihlwa, amabheji ashiya amakhaya awo ayothola ukudla kwawo. Umuzwa omuhle wokuhogela, ukuzwa okubukhali kanye nombono, uvumela amabheji okuphila indlela yokuzifihla. Iziqu ezibolile, izihlahla eziwile - konke lokhu kuyinto yokufunda yomzingeli wobusuku. Kokunye nje, lesi silo singabamba amasele noma izibaya eziyishumi nambili. Imbila isilwane esimangazayo, idla konke ekubona njengokudla, yize ikhetha ukudla kwezilwane. Ukudla okujwayelekile kwebheji yiminenke, ama-slugs, izinambuzane ezinezibungu zazo. Ingadla iminyonyane yasemhlabeni, amaqanda ezinyoni kanye nezimfudu. Kancane kancane, udla amasele, izinyoni, izilwane ezincane, kubandakanya namagundane, izibankwa. Ukudla kwezitshalo, ibheji likhetha amajikijolo omisiwe nezithelo, ama, amantongomane namakhowe.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amalungu omndeni we-marten, anjenge-wolverines, amabheji wezinyosi, uhlelo lokugaya lwe-badger alutholakali kangako nokudla kwenyama. Ama-fang akhiqizwanga kahle, kanti futhi izingqimba zezimo zemvelo ze-molars zivumelaniswa kangcono nezitshalo. Ama-Badger awahlaseli izilwane ezinkulu, kepha angakwazi ukuzivikela ngempumelelo nasendaweni yawo, eqhuba ngisho nezinyamazane ezinkulu kude namakhaya abo. Ngesikhathi sebusika, ibheji liqongelela ungqimba oluhle lwamafutha, okudingekile ukulungiselela i-hibernation ende. Ngenxa yamafutha ahlanganisiwe, isisindo somzimba wawo singaphindeka kabili.
Izingozi nezitha zamabheji
Ngenxa yendlela yokuphila yobusuku, i-badger inezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo, ikwazi ukucasha ngokushesha emigodini ejulile, futhi isilo esilambile ngeke simlinde izinsuku eziningana. Kodwa-ke, izisulu ezinjengezimpisi, ama-lynxes, zivame ukukhombisa ukuthakazelela indawo yazo yokuhlala, ikakhulukazi lapho i-hibernation isengozini yebheji. Izinja ezidukayo zingaba nobungozi obuthile ebhegini. Kodwa-ke, amabhulukwe ahlala emindenini enkulu, futhi angakwazi ukuhlangana ngamaqembu wonke, okuwavumela ukuthi avikele insimu yawo noma kumphikisi onzima. Lokhu kuziphatha kuyadingeka ukuze usinde endle.
Ama-paws amafushane, abanzi anezinhlaka ezinde ekugcineni asiza ekwakheni inhlabathi eminyene nasekwakheni indawo yokuhlala. Lapho uhlangana nabantu noma izilwane ezidla ezinye, ibheji lincamela ukucasha endaweni yalo yokulahla, kepha kwezinye izikhathi lingaluma umhlaseli noma lisebenzise imichilo yalo emide, bese lizama ukucasha.
Ama-Badger angahlushwa i-helminthiases nezifo ezithathelanayo. Kaningi, izilwane zingenwa yi-trichinosis. I-Badger ingaba ngumthwali wamagciwane wezinkinga zamarabi kanye nesifo sofuba se-bovine.
Enye ingozi engase ilale isilo ukuzingela. Inhloso yokuzingela ingaba izinwele zezilwane noma amanoni ebheji. Kepha imvamisa ukubhujiswa kwezilwane nezimbobo zazo kuhlelwa ukuze kulawulwe inani labo ngenxa yengozi yokusakazeka kwezifo. Emazweni aseYurophu, izilwane azibulawa, kepha zigonyelwa amarabi ezimweni zemvelo. Imisebenzi yabantu ibanga ukulimala okuthile emabhegini: ingabulawa yisibulala-zinambuzane noma imigwaqo lapho inethiwekhi yemigwaqo emikhulu idlula ezindaweni zemvelo zamabheji. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane ziyaphoqeleka ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha zokuphila ngemuva kokuchithwa kwemizi yazo.
Ukuzala kabusha inzalo yamabhule
Ama-Badger ayizidalwa ezithandanayo ezihlanganisa kanye iminyaka eminingi. Imvamisa isizini yokuzalela kumabhuleki iwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Ngokuqala kwenkathi yokuzalela emadodeni, ukusebenza kwesici esikhethekile esisekelweni somsila kuyathuthukiswa, lapho kukhululwa khona uketshezi olunephunga elithile. Ukuhlukaniswa kubangela ukudaya okuphuzi okukhanyayo kwezinwele ngaphansi komsila. Indawo yebadger imaka le mfihlo, iya ngokulandelana, yenza imisindo ibonakala emidlalweni yokuthandana.
Ukuhlangana nokuzala izingane kungenzeka ngezikhathi ezihlukile. Lokhu kunqunywa yisifunda sokuhlala nezimpawu zomuntu ngamunye. Isibonelo, ama-badger aseYurophu anezizukulwane kusuka ngoDisemba kuya ku-Ephreli, kanti eRussia izingane azizalwa ngaphambi kukaMashi. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kumabheji ahlukahluka kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-271 kuye kwezingama-450. Lapho ukukhula kwehlobo ehlobo, isikhathi sokukhulelwa sifushane, kodwa uma ukukhulelwa kwenzeka ebusika, khona-ke isikhathi sokulinda ukuzalwa kwenzalo sinwetshwe kakhulu. Ukushintshwa okunjalo esikhathini kungenxa yezimpawu zomzimba wesilwane - ukuba khona kwesigaba okuthiwa sokugcina sokukhulelwa.
Izilwane ziqikelela kakhulu ngenzalo yazo. Masinyane nje ngemuva kokuzalwa, amawundlu ebheji awashintshwa nokuphila okuzimele. Zimpumputhe futhi azisizi ngalutho, zinesisindo esingu-70-80 amagremu kuphela, futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa okuhlala njalo kunina. Kuphela inyanga ngemuva kokuzalwa, amabibi avula amehlo namazinyo obisi avele. Imbila yensikazi isuthisa amawundlu, iwakhiphe ayobhula, onogada futhi isize izingane ukuba zikhule futhi zizimele, zifunde ukuthi zingakuthola kanjani ukudla futhi zisize umndeni usinde.
Ngenyanga yesithathu, umama uyayekela ukondla abancane ngobisi, amazinyo abo aqhuma unomphela, bese beqala ukuzondla. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokukhula kwamabheji liyancipha, kepha bathola isisindo ngokuqongelela ungqimba lwamafutha ngesikhathi sobusika. Ekulungeni kwayo kokuqala, ukukhula okuncane kusala nonina emgodini. Abesifazane bafika esikhathini sokuthomba beneminyaka emibili, bese abesilisa befika eminyakeni emithathu kamuva. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, imvamisa kuphela ingxenye yentsha ephila. Abantu abasele baphila ngemvelo kuze kube iminyaka eyi-10-12. Ekudingisweni, le nkathi yinde futhi icishe ibe yiminyaka eyi-16.
Isimo se-Badger nenani lokudoba
Ngokuvamile, isimo sezinhlobo ezinje ngebheji elivamile asibangeli ukukhathazeka. Kepha emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, umthelela we-anthropogenic waholela ekwehleni kwesibalo salezi zilwane emazweni aseYurophu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, muva nje, inani elikhulu lamabhulukwe laliphethe ama-epizootic amarabi, kepha manje izifo zesifo kulezi zilwane azijwayelekile kakhulu. Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, kwamukelwa umthetho ngezindlela zokongiwa kweningi labantu, okuvumela ukuthi le nhlobo igcinwe. Namuhla, inani lesilo emazweni aseYurophu ngokuyisisekelo libuyiselwe futhi liyaqhubeka likhula, kepha kwezinye izindawo imisebenzi yabantu manje iholela ekwehleni kwesibalo salezi zilwane.
Yize noma uboya bokudonsa kwesinye isikhathi busetshenziselwa ukuthunga imikhiqizo yoboya, buthuthi futhi abumeleli inani eliningi. Amabhulashi amabibi enza amabhulashi kanye namabhulashi wokushefa. Abazingeli abaningi bazingela izilwane ngokuyinhloko ukuze bathole inyama namafutha. Amafutha e-Badger komunye umuthi uthathwa njengewusizo ngoba aqukethe amavithamini kanye nezinto ezisebenzayo.
Ama-Badger anomthelela obalulekile kwi-biogeocenosis. Inani elikhulu lezimbobo lithinta ukwakheka kwenhlabathi nezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kuzo. Ama-Badger enza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu ngezinambuzane eziningi zezolimo, ezinjengezibungu zeMaybug namanye ama-invertebrates ayingozi. Kodwa isilwane singalimaza nabendlu ngokukhuphukela kwi-melon noma esivinini. Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi amabheji avame ukonakalisa izidleke zezinyoni ezitholakala emhlabathini.
Izici zokudla okunempilo yebheji
Imbila ingumhlaseli, futhi inyama yayo ivame ukutheleleka nge-helminths, kufaka phakathi i-trichinosis. Ezikhathini eziningi kwabezindaba kunemibiko yabazingeli - abathanda amabheji, abazithola sebesesibhedlela abanezimpawu ezingemnandi zesifo. Isilwane singaba futhi ngumthwali wamarabi. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwenyama kanye ne-fat badger ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe obukhethekile akufanelwe kakhulu. Uma, noma kunjalo, kuthathwa isinqumo sokudla inyama exotic, indishi kufanele ilashelwe ngokuphelele ukushisa, imvamisa ukupheka amahora amathathu.
Labo abaye bazama inyama ye-badger bakubheka njengento edliwayo, ehlukumezayo. Kusukela ukuzingela ibheji kwenzeka ekwindla, isilo ngalesi sikhathi siqongelela ukonga okukhulu kwamafutha. Ngakho-ke, inyama yakhe izoba kakhulu-ikhalori futhi inamafutha, imvama kakhulu.
Ukuzingela kweBadger
IBadger ingazingelwa ezindlini kusukela ngoSepthemba 1 kuya kuNovemba 15. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ibheji libekelwe ibheji ngalinye esifundeni ngasinye futhi kuvunyelwe isilinganiso esithile. Ukudoba okuvunyelwe kusuka kusindlela, indlela yokuhlala, ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi akhanyayo, izicupho, izinja zokuzingela. Kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa imvunulo, amanetha, kuvunyelwe ukumba umgodi omncanyana emgodini webhagi yokusiza inja. Kamuva, le ndawo kumele imbozwe umhlaba. Ngaphambi kokukhetha indlela yokuzingela, kubalulekile ukucacisa imithetho evumayo esifundeni esithile.
Ngesikhathi sokuzingela ibheji, isibhamu sebhakede eside esine-barrel kanye nengalo yomgqomo oyisibhamu (i-caliber - ukuya ku-8 mm, igumbi - kuze kufike ku-51 mm) singasetshenziswa. Isikhali sihlanganiswa nemigqomo eshintshashintshayo. Lapho izimayini zimbiwa, ikhalori engu-5.6 mm ayisetshenziswa ngaphansi kwebhokisi lokufaka indandatho.
I-Badger akuyona inyamazane ekhangayo yabazingeli. Ijazi le-Badger linzima futhi alimnandi kangako ekuthintweni. Lesi silwane, yize sisebenzisa ukudla kwezitshalo, siyisidlakudla, ngakho inyama yaso iqinile impela futhi ngasikhathi sinamafutha kakhulu. Inkinga enkulu ukuthi inyama ebibi ingangenwa yiTrosinella. Okuthakaselayo kwabanye abazingeli kungenzeka kube ngamafutha e-badger, okukholelwa ukuthi anezakhiwo eziwusizo futhi asetshenziswa kwezokwelapha zendabuko.
Amathiphu wokuzingela ibheji
Izindlela eziphambili zokudoba ibheji ukugoqa, ukugoba, ukusetshenziselwa ukucasha nokubamba izilwane. Ngendlela yokuqala yokuzingela, i-dachshund noma enye yezinhlobo zomhlaba. Inja kumele ibe nolaka ngokwanele, igqize futhi iqine ukubekezelela ukuxabana okude nesibi. Ngaphambi kokuvimbezela umgodi, udinga ukuhlola insiza futhi uqiniseke ukuthi isilo sisebenzisa lokhu kukhosela. Ukukhamba okusha kwenhlabathi kanye nokuba khona kokuhamba kwamathumbu eduze kungakhuluma ngokuba khona kwesilwane.
Ukuqonda lapho sekuyisikhathi sokumba umgodi, udinga ukulalela imisindo eyenziwe yinja. Imvamisa iqala ukukhonkotha uma isithola isilo, kepha idinga ukumba lapho inja idonsela isilo endaweni yokuphela efile futhi ukukhonkotha kwayo kuzwakala endaweni efanayo. I-recess kufanele ibiwe ngemuva kwenja, bese isuswa ngokucophelela. Akufanele uthole ibheji ebukhoma ngezandla zakho. Ukulunywa kwesilo kuyingozi, ngoba kuthwala amarabi.
Lapho usebenzisa izicupho, kufanele welashwe ngaphambi kokuqeda iphunga. Amafutha avela ku-samovol asuswa nge-acetone, bese abiliswa kumhluzi we-coniferous. Ibheji livame ukusebenzisa isicupho sozalo No. 5 esinemithombo emibili. Ukusungulwa kwezindiza eduze komnyango wokuya emgodini, endaweni yemizila lapho ibheji iya egumbini lokuphumula noma endaweni yokudla. "Indlu yangasese" enguBadger imvamisa itholakala kumamitha ayikhulu ukusuka endlini futhi kubukeka njengokucindezelwa okuncane.
Kuzoba wusizo kumzingeli ukwazi izici zobuntu bethrekhi yebheji. Khumbuza ngandlela thile ibhere, yize incane ngosayizi. Imisuka yebheji ibanzi kakhulu (amasentimitha angama-5-6), iqukethe iziqeshana zeminwe ezinhlanu, ezitholakala emphemeni wangaphambili wokuphrinta. Izimpawu ze-Claw zibonakala kahle. Uma isilo sihamba ngezinyawo, imicu yangemuva isimboza ingaphambili. Ngokunyakaza okuhamba kancane, ukumbozwa okunjalo kuyingxenye, ngakho-ke imigqa ephindwe kabili yezikhafu, iminwe enokubekwa okukodwa kwe-heel callus izobonakala ngokucacile.
Ukuzingela ama-huskies kuqala ngesikhathi esandulele futhi kuvame ukwenziwa yiqembu labazingeli. Izinja zibuyiselwa ezilwaneni ezibuya ekudleni kwasebusuku. Abanye abazingeli balinde izilwane edamini. Ingena izimbobo ngembobo enamagatsha anamabhulashi noma ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi. Ukuhlaselwa kwenja kuphoqa ibheji ukuba ifune indawo yokuhlala ekhaya layo. Lapho umzingeli ezwa ukuthi ukukhonkotha kwenja kuya njalo, uhamba ngezwi lakhe bese edubula isilwane esiqhutshwa.
Ukukhishwa kwebheji kusuka kubhavu kwenziwa ngemuva kokuthola umgodi owakhiwe. Umzingeli uhlomisela indawo yokukhosela izitebhisi ezimbalwa ukusuka ekungeneni komgodi wababi. Udinga ukwenza lokhu phakathi nosuku lapho isilo silele ngemuva kokuzingela ebusuku. Njengenketho, ungahlela isitolo esihlahleni. Lokhu kuzohlinzeka ngesibukezo esihle futhi kwandise namathuba wokunganakwa. Esendlini esilungiselelwe kuqala udinga ukuza nengxenye yehora ngaphambi kokuhlwa. Ubusuku obunqunqiwe bufanelekela kangcono umgibeli; ngaphambi kokudutshulwa, indawo yokuzingela ikhanyiswa isibani noma omunye umshini wokukhanya. Lokhu ngeke kusize kuphela ukwenza i-shot shot, kepha futhi kuzolimaza ibeki elishiya indawo yakhe yokuhlala.
Ukuzingela ibheji kudinga indlela ebucayi, ngakho-ke, uma kungenjalo abazingeli abanolwazi kakhulu abadoba, kungcono ukusebenzisa usizo lomzingeli noma uchwepheshe wendawo oye wafunda kahle imikhuba yalesi silo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ukhumbule njalo ngamanye ama-nuances okuphatha nawezomthetho, ngoba ukudoba ibheji akufanele kudlule imingcele ebekiwe.