I-Chum salmon ithathwa njengenhlanzi efudukayo evela emndenini we-salmon. Njengamanje, njengasesikhathini esedlule, le nhlanzi inentshisekelo yezimboni ngenxa yenyama ebaluleke futhi ayibalulekile kangako i-caviar.

Kubantu bomdabu baseMpumalanga Ekude, i-chum idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lamashumi amabili, ikakhulukazi eRussia, kwakukhona ukubanjwa okungalawulwa kwe-chum salmon, okwaholela ekunciphiseni kwabantu bayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sezemvelo sesisibi kakhulu.

Kulesi simo, azikho izinketho ezisele futhi i-chum yathathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kombuso. Ngenxa yemicimbi enjalo, kungenzeka ukubuyisa kakhulu inani lale zinhlanzi ezimnandi. Namuhla, ukubanjwa kwakhe ngamagiya amateur kutholakala kuphela uma kutholwa amalayisense atholakalayo.

Imininingwane yeChum Jikelele

Uma sinaka umjikelezo wempilo, singakwazi ukwahlukanisa izinkathi ezimbili. Isikhathi sokuqala kwempilo yakhe sibonisa ubude besikhathi esenzeka kusukela ekuzalweni kwakhe, kuze kube sekufeni. Kuze kube manje, izinhlanzi zilima izikhala zolwandlekazi nezilwandle, kanye nemingcele yasogwini.

Ngokuqala kokuthomba, inhlanzi ithola izakhiwo ezihluke ngokuphelele: inhlanzi iba nolaka, futhi ukubukeka kwayo kushintsha kakhulu. Uqala ukubuthana ezikoleni ezinkulu futhi uthuthele ezixekweni. Ikhuphukela emifuleni ephezulu yemifula, ibhekene neyamanje, ibeka amaqanda, emva kwalokho ifa. Ngemuva kokuvela kuka-gazinga, kungokokuqala ukuthi uthole amandla, uphile emanzini amasha. Ukuthola amandla namandla, i-chum salmon Fry kancane ingena olwandle futhi ichithe iminyaka eminingana lapho ize ibekele amaqanda futhi umjikelezo wayo wokuphila uyeke.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Izigaba zokuziphendukela kwale nhlanzi aziqondakali kahle ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemininingwane yesayensi. Ama-Ichthyologists athi abameleli bakakudala besalmon banamuhla emifuleni yaseNyakatho Melika eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-50 eyedlule. Lalilincane ngosayizi futhi lifana nokumpunga ngokubukeka nangendlela yokuphila. Ngenxa yokuthi abamele lo mndeni bekumele baphile ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezihluke kakhulu ngesikhathi senqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, bazwela kakhulu ushintsho ezimweni zokuphila.

Ngokusho kwemidwebo yomhume, kungashiwo ukuthi okhokho basendulo be-chum salmon banamuhla sebevele behlala echibini lasePacific eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyishumi eyedlule. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zazihlala amachibi amakhulu.

Ngabe i-chum ibukeka kanjani?

Kuze kube manje lapho izinhlanzi sezikwazi kakade ukuphonsa amaqanda, umzimba wayo unombala wesiliva, onomumo omkhulu futhi ophakeme. I-Chum salmon inezici zokunambitheka ezinhle kakhulu ezinenyama ebomvu ekhanyayo. Lapho inhlanzi iqala ukulungiselela ukuyalela, umzimba wayo uthola izici ezihluke ngokuphelele ezihambisana nesikhathi sokukhwelana.

Amabala ansundu avela emzimbeni we-chum, bese umbala oguqukayo uphenduka umbala ophuzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ishintsha kakhulu ngosayizi, ikakhulukazi ububanzi. Isikhumba sakhe siyakhula, nezikali ziyaqina. Imihlathi yale nhlanzi inamazinyo angenasici futhi agobekile abukhulu obukhulu. Lapho i-salmon ye-chum iqala ukuphuma, khona-ke kuthatha umbala omnyama ngokuphelele futhi ngalo mzuzu akusizi ngalutho.

Ividiyo: Keta

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-salmon zimane zaqothuka. Enye yezinhlobo eziqotayo futhi ezimangazayo kakhulu yokuqothulwa kuthathwa ngokuthi "yisalimoni e-saber-toothed." Yaqanjwa igama ngokuthi ihlosi le-saber-toothed ngenxa yokubakhona kwezinhlanzi ezinde, ezingafakwanga izinhlanzi. Ubude bawo bufinyelele amasentimitha angama-5-6 kubantu abakhulu.

Isikhathi esihle kakhulu emlandweni kanye nokuvela kwe-chum salmon safika eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-2-3,5 edlule. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho ama-salmonid ayehlukaniswe izinhlobo zezilwane, ngalinye lalihlala esifundeni salo sendawo yokuhlala.

Ubukhulu nesisindo sezinhlanzi

IKeta iyakhula ibe ngosayizi omuhle.Ngokwemininingwane esemthethweni, umuntu omkhulu kunabo bonke wayengu-1 m ubude enesisindo esingu-16 kg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhamuzi zomdabu zaseKhabarovsk Territory zithi abantu, abafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5 ubude, batholakala emfuleni i-Okhota, yize bekungajwayelekile. I-Chum salmon izovuka, ngokwesilinganiso, ifinyelela kubude bamamitha ayi-0.5, uma kuyi-chum ehlobo, futhi uma kusebusika, ubude bayo bungafinyelela ku-70 cm nokuningi.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani i-chum?

Ummeleli womndeni we-salmon uchitha iningi lempilo yakhe emanzini olwandle. Kulokhu, inombala ojwayelekile wabakhileyo basolwandle: isiliva-iblue ngethoni eliphansi. Endaweni engemuva, inhlanzi inombala omnyama, endaweni yesisu ilula. Lo mbala uvumela inhlanzi ukuthi inganakwa kokubili kukholamu yamanzi nangaphansi komhlaba. UChum unezici ezahlukahlukene nezimpawu ezihlukile.

Izimpawu zangaphandle zesici:

• isibumbu esikhulu sesimo eside, esimile,
• icindezelwe kancane, izinhlangothi eziqinisiwe,
• amaphiko e-caudal ne-adipose athuthelwa emsileni futhi anezimpaphe ezisukela kwezingu-8 kuye kwezingu-11,
• ikhanda likhulu ngokuhlukile ngemuva komzimba omkhulu futhi linesimo sesigaxa,
• umlomo ubanzi, umlomo ugcwele amazinyo,
• akukho amabala amnyama nemifudlana emlonyeni,
• umzimba umbozwe esikalini esiphakathi,
• kunemali enkulu eqhubekayo ye-caudal ngaphandle kwe-notch.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, ukwakheka komzimba nokubukeka kwezinhlanzi kushintsha kakhulu. Umzimba uba mkhulu futhi ubanzi, amafomu we-hump ngemuva. Imihlathi iba mikhulu kakhulu, amazinyo agobeke futhi abe makhulu futhi abe mude. Umbala uthola umbala onsundu, ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani noma omnqumo. Imichilo yeLilac noma ye-raspberry ivela endaweni eseceleni yomzimba, eba mnyama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ezinye izinhlanzi zingakhula zibe ngosayizi omkhulu kakhulu. I-dyne yomzimba wayo ingafinyelela amasentimitha angama-60-80, futhi isisindo somzimba wayo ingadlula amakhilogremu ayi-10.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Uma ukholelwa idatha esemthethweni, khona-ke usayizi omkhulu womzimba we-salmon we-chum wawungamamitha owodwa nesigamu, futhi isisindo singamakhilogremu ayi-16!

Izinhlanzi ezihamba zidla isikhathi esiningi ziba nobude bomzimba cishe ngamasentimitha angama-50-65. Amasayizi omzimba we-chum ehlobo mncane kunosayizi we-chum ebusika.

Habitat

UKetu angatholakala ePacific kuphela. Ibizwa ngokuthi indawo yokuhlola ngoba ihlala olwandle, futhi iqala ukuvuvukala emifuleni enamanzi ahlanzekile aseMpumalanga Ekude, e-Asia naseNyakatho Melika - ukusuka ogwini lwaseCalifornia kuye e-Alaska uqobo.

Lolu hlobo lwe-salmon londla engxenyeni esenyakatho yoLwandlekazi lwePacific, endaweni eseduze kwendawo efudumele engaphansi kwamanzi yeKuro-Sivo, ehlanganisa ulwandle olunjengolwandle i-Okhotsk, iBering Sea kanye nolwandle lwaseJapan. Ngokuyisisekelo, balawula igebe lamanzi, ukujula kwamamitha ayi-10 ukusuka endaweni ephezulu.

Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, kuqala ukudlulela ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zeMelika neCanada, iMpumalanga Ekude, ifinyelela ogwini lwase-Asia lwaseNingizimu Korea naseJapan. Amashuni amaningi we-chum salmon angena emifuleni nasemifudlaneni etholakala esisekelweni sasolwandle i-Okhotsk. Ngaphezu kwalokho, itholakala emifuleni yeSiberia efana neLena, Kolyma, Indigirka neYana.

Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, izikole zihlukaniswe ngabantu abavuthiwe ngokocansi nabangavuthiwe. Labo bantu abangakakulungeli ukugqabhuka babuyela emuva babuyele emaphethelweni aseningizimu. Izinhlobo ezifanayo ezilungele ukubeka amaqanda zithunyelwa ezindaweni ezinwebayo, zisuka lapho zingasoze zabuya.

Ihlala kuphi i-chum salmon?

Isithombe: IKeta eRussia

I-Chum salmon ichitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwayo emizimbeni yamanzi kasawoti eduze nasogwini lolwandle. Indawo yokuhlala enkulu ye-chum salmon yisisekelo sePacific. Kuyisiko ukubiza inhlanzi ukuthi idlula ngoba empeleni ihlala olwandle, bese iqala ukusakazana emilonyeni yemifula ukuze ikhule. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ngokusabalalisa i-chum salmon ifuna ukuthola ngqo umlomo waleyo mifula, lapho ivele khona njengefryth. Ukusakazeka kwenzeka emifuleni enamanzi amnandi eMpumalanga Ekude, emazweni ase-Asia, naseNyakatho Melika kusuka eCalifornia kuye e-Alaska.

Njengezifunda zokuphila okuphakade nokudla, inhlanzi ikhetha amanzi afudumele oLwandlekazi iPacific - okukhona ngaphansi kwamanzi kwe-Kuro-Sivo.

Izindawo zokuhlala zesalmon ye-chum:

Ukusakazeka kwenzeka emilonyeni yemifula. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinhlanzi zingatholakala emifuleni efana neLena, Kolyma, Indigirka, Yana, Penzhira, Poronaya, Okhota, njll. Keta yinhlanzi engenamanzi. Iningi labantu lihlala ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-10. Izinhlanzi zichitha ingxenye enkulu yezimpilo zazo ekufudukeni kokudla. Lesi sikhathi singalulwa isikhathi seminyaka engu-2,5 kuye kweyi-10.

Ama-Ichthyologists aqaphela ukuthi kubo bonke abameleli bomndeni we-salmon oLwandlekazi iPacific, yi-chum salmon enendawo ebanzi kakhulu. Kwezinye izindawo zaseRussia, ikakhulukazi, eKamchatka naseSakhalin, i-chum salmon ihlala echibini lokufakelwa elakhelwe ukulima izinhlanzi ngezinhloso zezimboni.

Idla ini i-salmon?

Ukudla kwe-chum salmon kufaka ama-crustaceans ahlukahlukene, ama-mollusks, kanye nezinhlanzi ezincane ezifana ne-herring kanye ne-smelt. Lapho i-chum salmon iqhuma, yenqaba ukudla, kanye ne-atrophies yokugaya ukudla kwayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, kufanele kubhekwe iqiniso elinjalo lokuthi ngalesi sikhathi sibanjwa lapho, lapho kungaba khona izinhlanzi ezinjenge-bait njengezithiyizi, noma izifutho zokufakelwa. Leli qiniso alihlangene neqiniso lokuthi ufuna ukudla hhayi inhlanzi enkulu, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi uvikela inzalo yakhe yesikhathi esizayo engozini engaba khona.

Lapho kuzalwa izinhlanzi, ziqala ukuzondla ngazo zombili izinambuzane nezidumbu zabazali bazo.

Inqubo yokuzala

I-Keta, phakathi kokukhula, ihlukaniswe ihlobo nekwindla. Inqubo yokusabalalisa i-chum yehlobo iqhutshwa ukusuka ngo-Agasti kuya kuSepthemba. I-chum ikhetha izindawo zokusabalalisa ngokucophelela ngokucophelela. Njengomthetho, lezi yizindawo lapho kukhona khona amatshe angaphansi kwe-pebble nesisekelo sokuthula, esingaqinile. Ngezikhathi zobusika obunzima, lapho amanzi engaba yiqhwa kakhulu, ukufa kwesisindo senzalo kungenzeka. I-Autumn chum salmon ayithonyelwanga isimo sezulu esibandayo, njengoba ikhetha izindawo ezinendawo evulekile lapho kuhlangana khona imithombo engaphansi komhlaba.

I-Chum salmon ibonakala ngokubekwa kwamaqanda amakhulu, ububanzi bawo bube yi-7.5 mm. Abesifazane balungiselelwe ngokucophelela le nqubo. Bemba izimbobo ezansi, kuthi ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda amboze amaqanda nge-gravel ngokucophelela. Kungaba yi-hillock ngobude bamamitha ayi-2 kuya kwayi-3 nobubanzi obuyi-1.5 kuye kumamitha ayi-2. Lapho kubekwa amaqanda, abesilisa baxosha noma ikuphi ukubhukuda kwezinhlanzi eduzane.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Chum emanzini

Lo mmeleli womndeni we-salmon unesimo esihle kakhulu sokubuyela ezindaweni zokuzalwa. U-Keta cishe amaphesenti ayikhulu wamacala ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwesibhukuda uya kulezo zindawo azalelwe kuyena uqobo. Kwakuyisici lesi esaba yisikhombisi esikhulu lapho i-ichthyologists ihlukanise i-chum salmon ngezigaba ezimbili ngokuya ngomgomo wezwe - North American and Asia. Ku-vivo, umhlangano wabo awuhlanganisiwe.

Emkhakheni weRussian Federation, itekisi lase-Asia lihlala futhi lizalele.

Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, ama-ichthyologists aveze izinhlobo ezithile zalolu hlobo:

• itekisi elisenyakatho
• Sakhalin,
• Amur
• Okhotsk Ulwandle.

Ngemuva kokuthi i-fry isiphenduke abantu abavuthiwe, abadala, abahlali emifuleni, njengabanye abamele umndeni we-salmon. Ukwakha isisindo somzimba esanele, kungena olwandle oluvulekile iminyaka eminingana. Ekuqaleni, abantu abangakavuthiwe babegcina ugu ezindaweni ezingazodwa. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele kanye nokutholakala kokudla nsuku zonke isisindo somzimba wezinhlanzi sikhuphuka cishe ngo-2,5 ukuya ku-2%. Ngaleso sikhashana, lapho usayizi wezinhlanzi ufinyelela amasentimitha angama-30- 40, uhamba uyofuna isifunda lapho kunokudla okwanele. Imvamisa loluhambo lungahlala iminyaka eminingana.

I-Chum salmon fish akuyona inhlanzi eyedwa; ibuthana ezikoleni eziningi. Iningi labo lihlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zoLwandlekazi iPacific. Lapho intwasahlobo ifika namanzi afudumele, ifudukela ogwini olusenyakatho Melika.Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, imihlambi eminingi ihlukaniswe ngokuvuthwa ngokobulili nokuvuthwa. Lezo zinhlanzi ezingakavuthwa zokuphonsa amaqanda zithunyelwa ogwini oluseningizimu. Njengoba iphuphu likhula futhi likhula, liphenduka inyamazane yangempela.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Ukuthomba kwenzeka eminyakeni engu-3,5 kuye kwengama-6.5. Isizini sokuqala yokuzalanisa ivulwa ngabantu abangabomncintiswano wehlobo. Iningi labantu besifazane elivelayo lizinhlanzi ezincane, ezineminyaka yobudala engaphezulu kweminyaka eyisikhombisa. Bangama-16% kuphela besifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwesikhombisa.

Abamele ifomu lasehlobo baqala ukuvela ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, ekuqaleni kwekwindla, ngokuqondile kuleso sikhathi lapho amanzi efudumele ngangokunokwenzeka futhi izinga lokushisa lawo lingaphansi kwe-14 degrees. Abamele ifomu ekwindla bavela ngokunembile ekwindla kanye nokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo. Indawo ekahle yokuphonsa amaqanda akuyona indawo ejulile kakhulu, lapho ukujula kungadluli amamitha amabili. Ukugeleza ezindaweni ezinjalo akufanele kube nokuqina, futhi amatshe amatshe, amatshe amatshe noma amatshe amatshe alungele kahle njengaphansi komhlaba.

Ngemuva kokutholakala kwendawo enhle kakhulu, insikazi ilungiselela indawo yokungena. Okokuqala, ngosizo lwemivimbo enomsila enamandla, uhlanza ingaphansi kwendawo lapho ezoqala khona ukuvuvukala. Emva kwalokho, ngendlela efanayo, ungqongqoza umgodi ngaphansi komhlaba, ukujula kwawo kungafinyelela uhhafu wemitha. Emgodini ngamunye, insikazi eyodwa ingazalela amaqanda angaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-6,7. Isisindo esiphelele se-caviar singafinyelela kuhafu nohhafu kuya kwekhilogremu amabili. Ngemuva kwalokho abesilisa bayifaka umquba, bese insikazi ifula ngokucophelela nangokuthembekile ingene emhlabathini.

I-Chum salmon yinhlanzi evundile kakhulu. Owesifazane oyedwa angakha kuze kube kathathu noma kane kulokhu kunamathela ezindaweni ezihlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa sokuzala.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngemuva kokuzala amaqanda nokunanza, zonke izinhlanzi ziyafa kungapheli inyanga. Le nkathi yabiwe ngokwemvelo ukuze izinhlanzi zikwazi ukuphuma ezindaweni ezinamaphiko bese zisabalalisa umfula ukuvimbela inhlekelele yemvelo.

Isikhathi sokufakwelwa cishe izinsuku ezingama-120-140. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, imibungu ivela emaqanda, abekwe engxenyeni ekhethekile ye-yolk. Yenza umsebenzi wokuvikela futhi ivumela imibungu ukuthi ikhule ngaphandle kokushiya indawo yokubeka amaqanda. Ukuphuma kokuqala kwe-fry esekhulile kwenzeka ekupheleni - Ephreli, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ngalesi sikhathi, gazinga ibutha ngamaqembu futhi icashe ezindaweni eziluhlaza zasogwini, ematsheni. Ngenxa yombala oyimigqa othile, i-fry iyakwazi ukunganakwa ngabaningi bezinyamazane.

Izitha zemvelo ze-ket

Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani i-chum?

UChum uvumelane kahle nezimo zokuphila olwandle olwandle. Unombala oqondile, omvumela ukuthi angagcini nje ngokulinda inyamazane, ahlangane nethafa elingaphansi, noma amanzi olwandle, kodwa futhi acashe ngale ndlela kusuka ezitheni. Kodwa-ke, usenezitha zemvelo ezanele. Esigabeni ngasinye sokukhula kwayo, inenqwaba yezitha ezilungile. Ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye zasolwandle zichitha ukubekwa kwe-chum salmon, ukudla amaqanda ayo, inyamazane kuFry, kanye nakubantu abadala.
Izitha eziphambili zemvelo zikaFry:

Izinhlanzi ezindala azinalo kuphela emanzini olwandle. Unezitha ezanele ezihlala emhlabeni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ikwazi ukubhukuda emanzini angajulile futhi ihlale ugu olusogwini.

Izitha zabantu abadala:

Indawo ekhethekile phakathi kwezitha zenhlanzi inikezwa umuntu. Uyamzingela ngezimboni. Inyama yakhe ye-caviar nebovu ibaluleke kakhulu. Izitsha ezilungiselelwe kusuka kulolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi zithathwa njengezibiliboco zangempela, ubuciko obusezingeni eliphezulu, futhi zaziswa kakhulu ngisho naphakathi kwama-gourmet.

UKetu ubanjwa esebenzisa amanetha. Ensimini yeRussian Federation, ama-chum salmon abanjwa ezindaweni eziphakathi kwemifula nasezifundeni zolwandle ezisolwandle.Kwakhiwa izitshalo ezisebenza ngezinhlanzi eduzane nezindawo ezinkulu zokudoba ukuze kugwenywe ukungafunwa kwenyama ne-caviar

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Kuze kube manje, inani lezinhlanzi emhlabeni akuyona into ekhathazayo. Lokhu kusungulwa umsebenzi wokuzala ophakeme. Kodwa-ke, eRussia, inani labantu lehlile kakhulu kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule. Lokhu kwasungulwa ukudoba okungalawulwa nenani elikhulayo labazingeli. Ukunciphisa ukudoba ezifundeni zezindawo zemvelo, kwakhiwa izindawo zokugcina izingane ezikhethekile eSakhalin naseKamchatka, lapho izinhlanzi zidotshwa khona ngenhloso yezimboni.

E-Russia, ukubhekwa kwezinhlanzi kuhlala kuzungeza izifunda zezindawo zokudoba izinhlanzi futhi zilwe nabazingeli. Futhi, abantu be-chum salmon bavikelwe ngumthetho ekubanjweni okungalawulwa ngezinga lezimboni. Ukudoba kwangasese, njengokudoba ezimbonini, kuvunyelwe kuphela ngemuva kokuthola imvume nokuthola ilayisense elikhethekile.

Ukwehla kwenani le-salmon ye-chum kukhuthazwe ngokuthwetshwa ngosayizi omkhulu ikakhulukazi amaJapan cishe isigamu seminyaka eyedlule. Ngaleso sikhathi, basakaza amanethiwekhi emngceleni ne-USSR ngamakhilomitha angama-15,000. Ngenxa yezenzo ezinjalo, i-chum ayikwazanga ukubuyela eSakhalin, Kamchatka nasezindaweni ezivamile zokuswayipha. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho inani lezinhlanzi lehla kakhulu kakhulu. Usayizi wabantu ababengaphambi kwalokhu awukabuyiselwa.

UChum - Ummeleli oligugu kakhulu lomndeni we-salmon. Yaziswa kakhulu inyama emnandi futhi enempilo, kanye ne-caviar emnandi kakhulu.

Incazelo yezinhlanzi

I-Chum salmon luhlobo okungelolo hlobo lwe-Pacific salmon, umndeni we-salmon. Izinhlanzi ezindala zihlala olwandle, zifuduka ekugcineni kwempilo zingene emifuleni enamanzi amnandi okuzalaniswa. Ukhula isikhathi esisodwa kuphela empilweni yakhe, bese efa. Engxenyeni yolwandle yokuphila kwayo, i-chum ibukeka ifana ngokumangazayo ne-salmon. Kepha uma ibuyela emanzini amasha, iba nezinguquko ezibukhali zokuziphatha. Bobabili ubulili bakha imigqa yemigqa ebomvu egqamile ebomvu nemnyama yenselo. Ama-young salmon azothuthukisa emfuleni wawo wendabuko, bezama ukuhlala eduze nolwandle ukuze bavikeleke kwizinyamazane. Ngaphambi kokuba afudukele olwandle, uzoba nomhlane omnyama nombala wesisu. Izinhlanzi ezisencane zizofuna amanzi ajulile futhi zigweme ukukhanya, kuyilapho izinso namagelugu kuguquka, kuvumelana nemvelo entsha yolwandle.

Izici eziyisisekelo zezinhlobo:

• igama lesayensi: Oncorhynchus keta,
• Uhlobo: isisusa esithutha (i-anadromous) sisuka emfuleni wamanzi amnandi siye olwandle ekuqaleni kwempilo nokubuyela emuva ekugcineni,
• Indawo yokuhlala: ENorth Pacific Ocean kusuka ogwini lwe-Arctic eCanada kuya ezindaweni ezisogwini ezisenyakatho neNyakatho Melika nase-Asia,
• ukuqhuma: kuphela ngaphambi kokufa,
• isikhathi esichichima: ekwindla sekwephuzile - ekuqaleni kukaDisemba, kancane ehlobo,
• Ukudla: izibungu zezinambuzane, ama-Copepods, ama-mollusks nezinhlanzi ezinhlobonhlobo.

Kubukeka kanjani

Njengomuntu osemdala, isalmon encane ye-chum ithola umbala wensimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemuva nangemuva komugqa wamuva, onamachashazi amancane amelwe kakhulu. Umsila ugcotshwe kakhulu; mkhulu kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo ze-salmon yasePacific futhi unemivimbo engu-silvery (kodwa hhayi phakathi) kwemisebe yokuphela.

Njengoba abantu abadala behambela lapho bephuma khona emanzini amasha asemfuleni, umbala kanye nokubukeka kwabo bobabili ubulili kuguquka kakhulu. Abesilisa balahlekelwa umbala wabo wesiliva futhi bathola i-hue kusuka kumnqumo omnyama kuya ku-brown ngemivimbo ebunjiwe noma ebubende onsomi. Kuqhamuke amazinyo angena emlonyeni, afana nezinja, yingakho emithonjeni yakwamanye amazwe i-chum salmon ibizwa nge- salmon yezinja. Izinsikazi zipendwe nsundu noma mpunga ngentambo ebanzi emnyama eqondile evele emgqeni we-lateral. Zakha namazinyo angaphambili, kepha mncane kakhulu kunabesilisa.

I-Chum salmon ephuma emaqanda ine-8-12 mpo, ifana nemidwebo emnyama esesimweni esinqamula umugqa we-lateral.Umbala ojwayelekile kwabesifazane nabesilisa uluhlaza onsundu ngombala obomvu ngemuva nangemuva okuluhlaza okotshani ngezansi komugqa wamuva. Ngesikhathi sokufudukela ezikhaleni ezivulekile, ukukhula okuncane kufike ku-3-5 cm ubude.

Mangaki izimpilo, osayizi nesisindo

Isilinganiso sobomi besikhathi se-chum salmon endle sisuka eminyakeni emi-2 kuye kweli-7. Ngesikhathi sokuhluma, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayi-1,500 kuye kuma-10,000, kepha ayi-10 kuphela asindayo ukuze aqhume. Ubude obuphakathi kwenhlanzi endala bungama-60-70 cm, futhi isisindo sayo singama-4.5-10 kg. Ubude oburekhodwe kakhulu be-chum salmon babuyi-100 cm, futhi isisindo sohlobo lwalungu-15,9 kg.

UChum akanazo izinhlobo ezichazwa ngokwezifo. Imane nje ithathe izinhlobo ezahlukene kuyo yonke impilo yakhe. Esigabeni sama-fry, inhlanzi ivumelaniswa ukuze ihlale emanzini amasha, ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe olwandle, umzimba wayo uyaguquka futhi ushintshe umbala. Kuyo yonke impilo yasolwandle, izinhlanzi zidla amanoni, futhi lapho nje iba nkulu ngokwanele, iyavela emfuleni wayo ongowokuzalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, umzimba wakhe uyashintsha futhi.

Ukusakazeka kwenzeka kusuka kuJuni kuya kuNovemba. Lezo zinhlanzi ezivela amaqanda abekwe ehlobo zibizwa ngokuthi i-chum ehlobo, kuthi kamuva - ekwindla. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi ngesikhathi sokubukeka kwamafry liyohlukahluka, ngakho-ke izinhlanzi zihlukile kancane ngosayizi kanye nentuthuko. Autumn zibhekwa njengezinkulu.

Indawo

IKeta ithanda amanzi asolwandle anosawoti, ngakho-ke ngeke uwathole emanzini amasha. Uhla lwayo olukhulu olwandle nezilwandle noma izindawo ezingasogwini. Isifunda “esikhulu” sasoLwandlekazi iPacific. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi babiza umuntu ohamba ngezinyawo. Ngesikhathi sokuhluma, ishiya amanzi ejwayelekile kasawoti bese ingena emifuleni emisha, imvamisa ibheka lezo zinxanxathela aqhamuke kuzo uFry. Akakuthandi ukujula, kuyaqabukela lapho ebhukuda ujule ngaphezu kuka-10 m.

I-Ichthyologists yaphawula ukuthi yi-chum salmon kuphela ebanga ebanzi kakhulu. Ezweni lethu, kufakwa emachibini okufakelwa enzelwe izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezibalulekile.

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, i-chum salmon ihlukaniswe izinhlanga: ekwindla nasehlobo. Umehluko phakathi kwabo usesikhathini sokukhula, ukuzala nosayizi. Inhlanzi ye-Autumn iqhuma ekwindla. Ukuphonswa kukaCaviar kuqala ngoSepthemba futhi kuphele ngoNovemba. Izinhlanzi zalo mjaho zinkulu, isisindo sazo sifinyelela ku-20 kg, futhi ubude bazo bube ngaphezu kuka-100 cm. Zihamba amabanga amade - zifinyelela ku-2000 km, okungenakushiwo ngehlobo. Kuyacaca ukuthi umjaho onjalo ubaluleke kakhulu ekudobeni.

Ukuqala kwe-chum ehlobo kwenzeka ngo-Agasti futhi kuphele ngoSepthemba. Inosayizi omncane, kuyaqabukela edlula ubude obungama-50 cm.

Ama-Ichthyologists aveze izinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlanzi: i-Asia neNyakatho Melika.

Ngokuya ngobubanzi, inhlanzi ihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu:

Kukhona nohlobo lweSakhalin, esesivele siluchazile ngenhla.

Kuhle ukwazi ukuthi, lapho sekuguqukile ekubeni yi-fry ibe umuntu ovuthiwe, inhlanzi iya emanzini anosawoti iminyaka eminingana futhi ikhulise inqwaba yayo lapho. Okokuqala, banamathela ezindaweni ezaziseceleni ngasogwini, bese kuthi lapho sebefinyelele kubude obungamasentimitha angama-35 futhi sebethole amandla amancane, baqhubeke no “hambo ”beyofuna ukudla okuningana. Ukufuduka okunjalo ku-chum salmon kungahlala isikhathi eside impela - kuze kube yiminyaka eminingana. Kepha akunakushiwo ukuthi inhlanzi inesizungu futhi ibhukuda iyodwa. Ibuthana emihlambini eminingi, engaba yingozi impela, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuhluma.

Uma i-zooplankton, izibungu nezinsalela zezinhlanzi ezifile zanele umuntu osemusha, khona-ke i-salmon yabantu abadala idinga ukudla okunomsoco okwengeziwe, okungaba izinhlanzi ezincane, ezifana ne-herring noma i-smelt, ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks, njll. Isikhathi esiphakathi seminyaka siyiminyaka eyi-7.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-chum salmon ne-pink salmon?

Ama-salmon apinki, njenge-salmon ye-chum, angawomndeni we-salmon. Unesibani esikhanyayo esikalini nge-tint eblue. Ngesikhathi sokuhluma, yena, njengo "mfowethu" wakhe, ushintsha umbala. Isici esibonakalayo ukuba khona kwezindawo ezimnyama emhlane nasemsileni.

Lincane ngosayizi. Inyama ye-salmon epinki inensimbi futhi inamafutha amaningi kune-chum salmon, echazwa ngokudla kwayo. Inala futhi inama khalori amaningi aphezulu, yize ingafiki ngobukhulu obukhulu.

Ake sibeke umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili:

1. Isayizi: i-chum inkulu kakhulu kune-pink salmon.
2. Umbala: i-salmon ye-chum ine-tint yesiliva, i-salmon epinki inomthunzi okhanyayo obhulayo.
3. Izikali zesikali: i-pink salmon inezikali ezincane ngokuqhathaniswa ne-chum salmon.
4. Inyama: ku-salmon epinki, i-fatter ne-denser, kepha ku-saxon ye-chum, ithenda ethe xaxa.
5. Ubungako bamaqanda: ku-chum akhulu kune-salmon epinki, futhi acwebile.
6. Inani le-caviar: i-pink salmon ibhekwa njengegcwele kakhulu futhi ithenda, ngakho-ke ibaluleke kakhulu.

Ukwakheka nokuqukethwe kwekhalori

Ukusebenziseka nokubaluleka kwanoma yimuphi umkhiqizo kungenxa yokwakheka kwawo. Enyameni ye-chum salmon, inani elanele lamaminerali, amavithamini, ama-acid adingekayo emzimbeni womuntu, kanye nama-macro- kanye nama-microelements.

Kumavithamini, kufanele ukugqamisa amaqembu:

Kubalulekile ukuthi izinhlanzi ziqukethe ama-omega-6 no-3 acid, angenza ukunciphisa ukuguga nokugqoka komzimba, futhi futhi futhi kuxhase ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwezitho zomuntu ngamunye.

Ngingathanda ikakhulukazi ukugqamisa izinto ezilandelayo ezikhona enyameni:

Ikhalori chum ephansi. Kuno-127 kcal kuphela nge-100 g yomkhiqizo. Kodwa okuqukethwe kwekhalori kungahluka ngokuya ngokulungiswa kwawo. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ngosawoti, kuzoba ngokulingana no-184 kcal, futhi kuthosiwe, kuzovele kukhuphuke ngezikhathi ezithile futhi kuzolingana no-225 kcal. Lokhu kuyadingeka kulabo bantu ababuke inani labo futhi banokweqile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuphezulu impela:

Inzuzo ejwayelekile

UKetu angabikwa ngokuphepha esigabeni semikhiqizo yokudla lapho ama-carbohydrate engekho ngokuphelele, kepha kunamaprotheni amaningi. Inyama ewusizo kulabo ngenxa yezizathu zezempilo ibeka imingcele ekudleni kokudla.

Sigqamisa izinzuzo eziphambili zenyama ye-chum:

1. Kushukumisa umsebenzi wobuchopho kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi.
2. Inama-antioxidants, ngakho-ke inomphumela wokuvuselela umzimba, ngokungangabazeki oholela ekuthuthukisweni kwesakhiwo sezinwele, amapuleti ezipikili nesikhumba.
3. Umphumela onenzuzo emsebenzini wohlelo lwezinhliziyo.
4. Kuthuthukisa umsebenzi obonakalayo womuntu.
5. Ngenxa ye-phosphorus iqinisa amazinyo, amathambo, izinwele nezinzipho.
6. Khuphula i-hemoglobin, ngakho-ke, ilusizo ezigulini ezine-anemia.
7. Isiza umzimba ukuthi ubhekane nokutheleleka, umkhuhlane nezinye izifo kanye namagciwane ayingozi.
8. Kuthuthukisa inqubo ye-metabolic emzimbeni.
9. Kunconywa ukuvimbela i-thrombosis kanye ne-atherosclerosis.
10. Ihlanza umzimba kusuka ku-slagging ne-cholesterol engadingekile.
11. Kuthuthukisa isimo esijwayelekile, okubandakanya ukukhulisa imizwa nenhlala-kahle, kudambisa ukucindezeleka.
12. Ihlanza isibindi futhi isize amaseli we-organ alulame ngokushesha.
13. Umphumela omuhle emisebenzini yokuzala.

Lapha, yingxenye yezakhiwo ezisebenzayo nezibalulekile kumuntu kuphela ezifakwe kuhlu, kepha ziningi kakhulu zazo. Ngakho-ke, sizocubungula ngokuhlukile eqenjini ngalinye.

Kwabesifazane

Inyama kaChum futhi ikakhulukazi i-caviar yayo izoletha osemusha wesibili kowesifazane. Bazovuselela isikhumba, babuyisele ukukhanya okulahlekile kwezinwele namazipho. Uma unaka iqiniso lokuthi inhlanzi ingamakhalori aphansi, khona-ke akufanele wesabe ngamaphawundi angeziwe nesibalo esonakalisiwe.

Isici esibalulekile kwabesifazane ukuthi ama-omega acid, aziwa ngokukwazi kwawo ukubambezela ukuguga nokuvuselela umzimba, akhona enyameni yezinhlanzi. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-methionine, umsebenzi wamathumbu nesibindi uyathuthuka, kanye nezindawo ezicindezelayo ziyakhululeka, isimo somoya siyathuthuka.

I-ket caviar equkethe i-Vitamin E nayo inenzuzo kwabesifazane, ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukusungula imisebenzi yokuzala. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kusiza ngokuzala, okubaluleke kakhulu kulabo abafuna ukuba nezingane.

Okwabesilisa

Engxenyeni eqinile, ikakhulukazi yabasubathi, i-chum salmon izoba nomphumela ozuzisayo kusisindo semisipha. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwenani elanele leproteyini kuyo, izicubu ziba namandla futhi zanda ngosayizi. Ngezifo ezahlukahlukene, inhlanzi iyakwazi ukubeka umuntu izinyawo zakhe ngokushesha, okubaluleke kakhulu emadodeni.

Ama-Nutritionists abheka i-fillet ye-chum salmon njengomkhiqizo ofanele wokugcina ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.Ngenxa ye-omega-3 ne-6 acid, kanye ne-magnesium, inhlanzi inganciphisa ubungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi nokushaywa yinhliziyo.

Kwabesilisa, hhayi inyama kuphela, kodwa futhi ne-caviar izoba wusizo, ngoba kubhekwa njenge-aphrodisiac engabalulekanga engasiza ngokungabi namandla kocansi.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

UChum usohlwini lwezinhlanzi ezivunyiwe zabesifazane abakhulelwe. Ngenxa yokwakheka, ungabuyisa amandla futhi unikeze ingane konke okufanelekile ukuze ikhule kahle. Ngenxa yezinto ezibalulekile, ezifana ne-omega-3, ukungasebenzi komzimba kuyanda, amathambo ayaqina. Izinto eziqukethwe inhlanzi zibalulekile kumntwana ongakazalwa ukuze kwakheke kahle nokusebenza kwengqondo nohlelo lwezinzwa. Ososayensi bakufakazisile ukuthi izingane ezizalwe abesifazane abadla izinhlanzi ezibomvu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zingaphambi kontanga yabo ekukhuleni.

Kepha kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi inhlanzi enosawoti, eyomile noma ebhemayo ngeke ilele inzuzo enkulu njengokuphekiwe okubhakiwe noma okunephunga. Ukudla okusamisiwe nakho kuvunyelwe, inqobo nje uma ingezinga eliphezulu kakhulu.

Lapho usuthisa

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, isb. ngemuva kokubeletha, owesifazane unesifo samaprotheni emzimbeni wakhe. Futhi njengoba izinhlanzi ezibomvu zidonswa kalula ngumzimba, kungenzeka ukugcwalisa ukusilela kwezinto ezisebenzayo ngesikhathi esifushane.

Enganeni, izakhamzimba ezibalulekile eziqukethwe enyameni yezinhlanzi ngeke zisebenze nje kuphela, kodwa futhi zizodingeka. Ngenxa ye-iodine, i-selenium, i-calcium ne-phosphorus, ithambo lengane lizoqinisa, ukunikezwa kwegazi lokuzala kuzothuthuka, futhi ukulala kuzokwenza kube yinsakavukela. Ngamanye amagama, iflishi yezinhlanzi izovumela umama ngokwakhe ukuba athole amandla, nengane - ikhule ngokushesha futhi ikhule ngenkuthalo.

Ngaphambi kokungeza i-chum ekudleni kwakho, udinga ukubheka ukusabela kwengane. Uma engenazo izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba, ungasebenzisa ubumnandi bezinhlanzi ngokulinganisela. Kuyacaca ukuthi kungcono ukwenqaba ukubhema noma usawoti we-chum salmon noma ukuwathathe ngemithamo emincane. Kungcono ukudla inhlanzi ebilisiwe, ebhakwe noma enomusi.

Okwezingane

Kuhle ukuthi izingane zinikeze i-chum. Ukwakheka kwenyama kufaka zonke izinto ezidingekayo namaminerali alusizo enganeni. Ngakho-ke, i-thiamine, equkethwe ku-fillet yezinhlanzi, isebenza kusebenze ubuchopho, ikhuphula ukusebenza kahle nokungasebenzi komzimba. Ngenxa ye-phosphorus, izicubu zamathambo ziyaqina. Vitamin A, enele enhlanzini, ithuthukisa umbono.

Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezinhlanzi kukhulisa ukumelana komzimba kumagciwane ahlukahlukene ayingozi kanye nokutheleleka, kufaka phakathi umkhuhlane.

Lapho wehlisa isisindo

Abantu abafuna ukukhipha amakhilogremu angeziwe bangabilisa i-chum salmon noma bayigaye. Ngendlela yokupheka yokugcina, inyama izoba namanzi futhi ibe mnene kakhulu. Ukunikeza ukunambitheka okuyisidina, kungcono ukusebenzisa ujusi we-lime omusha kanye namakhambi. Ungabhaka inhlanzi ngokubeka zonke izithako ezibhalwe ku-foil. Kuzothatha isigamu sehora izinhlanzi ezibhakiwe sezilungile.

Izazi zezempilo zithi ukudla kwasolwandle akusizi kuphela, kodwa futhi kuyadingeka ukwehlisa isisindo ngokweqile. I-Keta ifakiwe kuhlu lokudla okuvunyelwe kokulahlekelwa kwesisindo ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphansi kwekhalori kanye nokugaya okusheshayo kwenyama.

Nge-pancreatitis

Isiguli esine-pancreatitis kufanele siqaphele ngokudla kwasolwandle. Kuyenqatshelwa ukuzidla nganoma yiluphi uhlobo ngesikhathi sokukhula kwesifo! Kepha ngesikhathi sokuxolelwa, kuvunyelwe ukwethula kwinhlanzi yokudla yokuqukethwe kwamafutha okulinganiselwe, okuyi-chum salmon okungokwakhe. Akufanele idliwe njalo, naphezu kwezimpawu zayo ezibalulekile. Kungcono ukuzifaka ezingxenyeni ezincane zokudla ushukela kancane kunokuhlupheka kobuhlungu obungabekezeleleki ngemuva kwenyanga.

Nge-gastritis

I-Ketu ye-gastritis ayinconywa. Kepha uma ucabanga kabusha indlela yokupheka inyama, ungayidla kancane. Awungeke udle isicubu esiphekwe nge-batter noma esingenalutho ngaphambi kokuthambisa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela. Kepha abilisiwe, abhakwe ngefililithi noma ocolekile ophekwe uvunyelwe ukuthatha iziguli ezine-gastritis, kepha hhayi ngesikhathi sokuqhuma.

Ingabe i-chum salmon caviar iyasebenziseka

Akungabazeki ukuthi ulusizo.Ukudla okumnandi okunje kuyisitoreji samaminerali, ama-macro- kanye nama-microelements, amavithamini, ama-asidi abalulekile kubantu. Sibala kuphela izici ezithile ezibalulekile ze-caviar ezenzelwe abantu:

• phinda futhi ugcwalise umzimba ngezinto ezidingekayo,
• ivusa umsebenzi wobuchopho, ithuthukise inkumbulo,
• isusa i-cholesterol eyingozi, futhi futhi isuse ubuthi,
• isheshise izinqubo zokupholisa izicubu ezingeni lamaselula,
• Kwejwayelekile ukucindezela
• ivimbela i-thrombosis, iqinisa izindonga zemithambo yegazi,
• isiza ukuqalisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo,
• kuvimbela ukwakheka nokukhula kwezimila ezinomdlavuza,
• ilawula ushukela wegazi
• kuvimbela imithambo ye-varicose,
• kusheshisa ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukusikeka, njll. esikhunjeni somuntu
• kuqinisa izicubu zamathambo
• inezinye izakhiwo eziwusizo ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okubalulekile.

Ungasawoti kanjani

Sinikeza iresiphi elula kunazo zonke. Sidinga i-caviar ye-chum salmon, ekhishwe ngaphambili kwisidumbu. Ezikhwameni zefilimu kubekwe amaqanda. Kufanele athathwe lapho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlambulula izikhwama ngamanzi abolile. Kumele kube nosawoti, njengoba amaqanda engaba lukhuni kuketshezi olusha. Thatha u-30 g kasawoti ilitha ngalinye. Ngemuva kokuphonsa, hlikihla ifilimu ngezandla zethu ukuze iqonde ezintanjeni, bese uyiklebhula. Susa amaqanda endishini ehlukile.

Manje siqala ukulungiselela i-brine. Sidinga ama-200 ml wamanzi afudumele, kepha angashisi, kepha afudumele! Hlanganisa nosawoti. Inani likasawoti lilodwa. Ukubheka ukulungela kwe-brine, ungaphonsa ubhatata omncane okhonjiwe lapho. Uma kukhuphuka, khona-ke kukhona usawoti owanele.

Thela i-caviar nge-brine bese uyishiya usawoti. Usawoti uzodinga okungenani amahora angama-3. Ngemuva kokuthi isikhathi sesidlulile, gcoba uketshezi. Silungiselela enye i-brine, efana naleyo edlule, bese sigeza amaqanda ngayo. Sifaka izimbiza ngamabhodwe ngamabhodlela bese sifaka i-caviar kuzo. Kungcono ukusebenzisa iziqukathi zengilazi. Thela amaqanda ngamafutha zemifino (150 ml), vala izimbotshana bese uzihambisa esiqandisini ukuze zigcinwe.

Ukulimaza nokuphikisana

Inhlanzi ayinakho nhlobo ukwephulwa, noma kunjalo, abantu bathambekele ekwelashweni komzimba kufanele baphathwe ngokucophelela noma bakukhiphe ngokuphelele ekudleni kwabo. Isibonelo, uma ukusabela kwamaprotheni noma ikakhulukazi ekudleni kwasolwandle kuye kwabonwa. Akufanele usebenzise i-chum, uma kunezimpawu ezithile zokungabekezelelani komkhiqizo.

Inhlanzi ethosiwe emafutheni i-contraindication ezigulini ezinezinkinga zemithambo yegazi, inhliziyo, isibindi noma izinso. Kungcono ukubilisa inyama noma umusi. Ngakho-ke kuzoba futhi nokunambitheka, futhi okubaluleke - kuphephile.

Ungayikhetha futhi uyigcine kanjani

Kubathengi abangenalwazi, kunezeluleko ezithile ekukhetheni isidumbu se-chum "kwesokudla". Akulula kangako ukuyihlukanisa ezinhlanzini ezingabizi kakhulu ezifana ne-pink salmon, ngakho-ke kufanele ulandele izeluleko zabachwepheshe ukuze ungakhohliswa ngabathengisi abangathembekile.

1. I-Calm salmon inkulu kakhulu kune-salmon epinki ngosayizi nesisindo. Uma isisindo esijwayelekile salokhu okugcina singama-3 kg kuphela, i-chum izoba nama-5-6 kg noma ngaphezulu.
2. Inyama ye-salmon entsha sha ye-chum ihlala ipinki egqamile.
3. Uma kungenzeka, udinga ukuhogela inyama. Iphunga elisha lezinhlanzi lizokhombisa ukuthi i-chum salmon ibanjwe muva nje.
4. Kuyafaneleka ukunaka amehlo. Akufanele zibe nodaka.
5. Kuyinto engathandeki ukukhetha isidumbu esinokulimala, amabala noma i-abrasions.
6. Udinga ukuzama ukuhlola ukuqina kwenyama. Uma uma uqhafaza kwesidumbu isidumbu siyanyamalala ngokushesha bese umzimba wezinhlanzi uthatha isimo saso sokuqala, ungasithatha. Uma dent ihlala, khona-ke i-chum salmon akuyona okusha okusha.
7. I-chum emisha inomzimba oshelelayo.

Isitoreji

Ngokuya ngesimo senhlanzi, kusetshenziswa izinketho zokugcina ezahlukahlukene.

Okusha
I-saalmon entsha ye-chum ingagcinwa esiqandisini isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili, khona-ke okuthile okuphuthumayo kudingeka kuphekwe kuyo, ngaphandle kwalokho inhlanzi izonyamalala. Ngaphambi kokuyithumela kwisitoreji, kuyadingeka ukwenza umsebenzi wokulungiselela, ohlanganisa ukuhlanza esikalini nokususa okungenayo.Ngemuva kwalokho geza inhlanzi kahle, uyomile ngamathawula wephepha, uyibeke endishini ehlukile bese uyimboza ngesivalo. Ungasebenzisa ifilimu yokunamathela noma isikhwama sepulasitiki esihlanzekile. Ukulondolozwa kokulondolozwa kungaba usawoti noma ujusi kalamula omusha.

Usawoti
I-saalmon ye-salted enosawoti ingagcinwa ekhaya isikhathi eside kunokusha. Isibonelo, impilo yamashalofu yezinhlanzi ezinosawoti ziyizinsuku ezi-3, futhi zokufakwa usawoti kufakwe uphawu endaweni yokugcwala - inyanga eyi-1. Izinsuku ezingama-30 ezivunyelwe ukugcina izinhlanzi ezinosawoti kakhulu.

Ukunweba impilo eshalofini le-chum salmon, ungasebenzisa uwoyela wemifino ukubeka izingcezu zenhlanzi noma isidumbu sonke. Ngemuva kwalokho ithemu lizobe lenyuka laya ezinyangeni ezi-3.

Ungazifaka usawoti izinhlanzi ngokwakho, usebenzisa yonke imithetho nezinyathelo zokusawoti kokudla. I-saalmon eyenziwe ngosawoti efanele, ephekiwe uqobo, ingagcinwa esiqandisini izinsuku ezingama-25.

Kubhema
Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezibomvu zivame ukubhema zishise noma zibanda. Igama lezinhlanzi eziphekwe ngokushisayo izinsuku ezingama-3, lingabe lisaba khona, ngenkathi elungiselelwe okubandayo okuphekwe yi-chum, kuze kufike ezinsukwini eziyi-10. Kungcono ukugcina imikhiqizo enjalo emasakeni amaphepha esiqandisini.

Omisiwe
Inketho eyomile yiyona ethembekile kunazo zonke. Impilo yayo eshalofini ayinamkhawulo. Phakathi nonyaka, ungajabulisa abendlu yakho ngokudla ubumnandi obomile belanga. Kepha ukuze ugcinwe kahle, kuyadingeka ukuthi usonge inhlanzi ngephepha eliwugqinsi bese ulithumela eshalofini eliphakathi esiqandisini.

Salmon ephekiwe
Inhlanzi ebilisiwe, eboshiwe noma ngenye indlela ayigcinwanga izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-2. Kepha kuma-roll and sushi usebenzisa izinhlanzi ezibomvu, leli gama lifushane ngisho nangosuku - 1 usuku.

Ukubanda
Ukuze ukhulule izinhlanzi, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela: hlanza okuphakathi bese usabalalisa ngezikhwama. Ungasebenzisa i-foil. Kanjalo, ingagcinwa efrijini izinyanga eziningana. I-Defrost kuphela ngaphambi kokudla, futhi ngendlela yemvelo. Akunamanzi ashisayo noma i-microwave, ngaphandle kwalokho inhlanzi izolahlekelwa ezinye zezimfanelo zayo nokunambitheka. Konke kumele kwenziwe kancane kancane:

1. Dlulisa kusuka efrijini uye esiqandisini.
2. Hlala lapho amahora amaningi, ngokuya ngesimo sakhe.
3. Lapho nje izinhlanzi ziqala ukukhombisa noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuncibilika, zikhiphe esiqandisini bese zidedela zingahambi kahle egumbini. Izinga lokushisa kufanele libe lokushisa lasekamelweni.
4. Ukupholisa futhi akunconyiwe, ngakho-ke udinga ekuqaleni ukupakisha izinhlanzi zibe izingxenye ezincane ngaphambi kokubanda. Ngemuva kwalokho thola inani le-salmon le-chum elidingekayo ukulungiselela isidlo esithile.

Ungapheka kanjani i-chum salmon: izindlela zokupheka

Kunezindlela eziningi zokupheka. Kepha okokuqala ngithanda ukunika abaninikhaya izincomo ezithile ukuze izitsha zabo zenyama ze-chum zihlale ziphumelela:

1. Inhlanzi ithosiwe kahle noma ibhakiwe lapho ukushisa kuphezulu. Lokhu kusebenza ngendlela yokupheka ku-grill, naku-batter.
2. Lapho ukuthosa izingcezu zezinhlanzi, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa amakhambi ahlukahlukene, izinongo, njll, ezingathuthukisa iphunga lenyama futhi inikeze ukunambitheka okukhethekile. Izengezo ezinjalo zifaka izingcezu zikalamula, i-sesame, i-basil, i-thyme, i-rosemary, njll.
3. Lapho uthenga i-salalm yasawoti enosawoti esitolo sezinto zokudla, kungcono ukuyifaka ngokushesha. Umenzi uhlala esebenzisa isibalo esikhulu sezithasiselo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi usawoti, ukwelula impilo yeshalofu nempilo yeshalofu yomkhiqizo. Kepha kumuntu ngeke kulethe inzuzo, kepha kulimaza impilo kuphela.
4. Kunconywa ukuyishisa ngamafutha omnqumo, kalamula nezinongo, okuthandwa ngumndeni, ngaphambi kokupheka.

Okufanele ukwazi mayelana nenyama

Noma iyiphi inhlanzi, ikakhulukazi ebomvu, ingumkhiqizo omuhle kakhulu wokudala izitsha zangaphansi ezingalingani. Zingalungiswa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukuthosa, ukubhaka, ukuhambisa, ukucosha, ukosa, ukubilisa, njll. Zingaba ngesinye sezithako zamasaladi, izitsha zemifino, amasobho, njll. Inhlanzi ingafakwa etafuleni njengesitsha esehlukile noma njengesengezo esitsheni esisehlangothini.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi i-chum salmon inezici ezinhle kakhulu zesisu.Ukuze inyama ihlale ilusizo futhi ingalahli izimfanelo zayo ezibalulekile, kubalulekile ukusondela kahle inqubo yokulungiselela kwayo. I-Chum salmon ungomunye wabamele abambalwa basolwandle inyama yabo (i-fillet) okungafanele ithosiwe. Ehlelweni lokugazinga, ayiphelelwa nje kuphela izakhiwo zayo ezizuzisayo, kepha umkhiqizo uqobo ungabi ongenantambo futhi onamanzi (owomile). Uma ufuna ngempela ukuthosa, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa i-batter. Indlela ekahle yokupheka izinhlanzi ku-foil noma ezitsheni ezivalekile, njengamabhodwe.

I-Keta ingathengwa ngezindlela ezahlukene: okusha, iqhwa, ebandisiwe, ukubhema, usawoti, njll. Okusha, kufanelekile ukwenza isobho, ikakhulukazi isobho lezinhlanzi. Ukusuka kulo ungapheka ezinye izitsha ezishisayo. Ngefomu elinosawoti, i-chum salmon isetshenziswa kangcono njengesitsha esizimele noma njengesithako sesaladi noma noma iyiphi i-appetizer ebandayo. Inhlanzi enosawoti kufanele igezwe ngokuphelele kusawoti omningi, futhi kungcono ukuthoba kancane.

Kukufanele ukwazi! Hhayi kuphela i-chum salmon ebhekwa njengento yobumnandi. I-Fish roe ayibhekelwa phansi enyameni kunoma yini. Inempilo futhi, inempilo futhi imnandi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abamele inhlanzi ebomvu, amaqanda we-chum salmon ahlala eminyene, edobekile, enombala we-orange okhanyayo.

Ehovini

• i-chum salmon fillet - 250 g,
• amafutha e-olive - 2 tbsp.,
• ujusi kalamula - 2 tbsp.,
• usawoti, izinongo, amakhambi kanye nopelepele - ngokubona komvakashi.

1. Okokuqala, lungisa i-marinade: hlanganisa ijusi kalamula neoyile, engeza izinongo namakhambi. Usawoti wonke nopelepele.
2. Gcoba izingcezu zenhlanzi nge-marinade bese ubashiya kule ndawo cishe imizuzu eyi-10. Ngaleso sikhathi, preheat kuhhavini kuze kube ngu-180 ° C.
3. Sibeka i-salmon ye-pickled i-chum ephepheni lokubhaka elinamafutha bese silithumela kuhhavini. Ungabeka iphepha lesikhumba ekhasini lokubhaka.
4. Silinda isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engu-15 izinhlanzi zizopheka.

Epanini

Uzodinga ukulungiselela imikhiqizo kusengaphambili:

• inyama ye-chum - 700 g,
• anyanisi - 1 pc.,
• umhluzi (inhlanzi) - 200 ml,
• ufulawa - 3 tbsp.,
• unamathisele utamatisi - 2 tbsp.,
• iwayini elomile - 50 ml
• i-citric acid - 5 g,
• uwoyela yemifino - 100 g,
• upelepele - 1 tsp,
• ushukela - 2 tsp,
• usawoti - 1 tsp,
• imifino - ngokubona komgcini wekhaya.

1. Sika izinhlanzi zibe yizicucu ezincane, sizisawoti, pepper bese sizifaka endishini ehlukile. Breaded filet in ufulawa bese ushiya.
2. Sifaka i-pan emlilweni omkhulu, uthele i-oyili kanye nefry. Isikhathi sokuthosa - imizuzu eyi-10.
3. Sika u-anyanisi emasongweni asigamu, uwagaye ngofulawa uwafafaze epanini yokuthosa emafutheni. Faka ukunamathisela utamatisi ku-anyanisi, uthele umhluzi lapha uhlanganise konke.
4. Siphinde sithumele newayini, i-citric acid noshukela lapha. Hlanganisa.
5. Beka izingcezu zefilimu ezithosiwe engxube esetshenzisiwe, amboze i-pan ngesivalo bese uqala ukushisa inyama emlilweni ophansi. Isikhathi sokupheka - akukho ngaphezulu kwemizuzu engu-15.
6. Sika kahle imifino.
7. Sithola i-chum salmon, siyibeka epuleti, ifafaze ngamakhambi bese sikhonza.

Kumpheki ohamba kancane

Sizopheka i-steak. Kuyadingeka:

• i-chum salmon steak - 1 pc.,
• ushizi oqinile osashiziwe - 100 g,
• uwoyela wemifino - 30 ml,
• usawoti kanye nopelepele - ngokubona komvakashi.

1. Geza i-steak bese uyomile ngethawula lephepha.
2. Lubricate ngamafutha, usawoti futhi, uma kunesidingo, pepper.
3. Fafaza ushizi ogayiwe ngaphezulu bese usakaza ezansi kwe-multicooker.
4. Setha imodi yokubhaka imizuzu engama-35 kuya kwengama-40.

Ukhulisiwe

• inyama ye-chum (i-fillet) - 1 kg,
• ginger - 45 g
• Imango - ama-2 ama-PC.,
• ugarliki - ama-3 clove, ama-4 angaba,
• upelepele - 2 tsp,
• ubhiya - 400 ml
• amafutha e-olive - 2 tbsp.,
• usawoti - ngokubona komgcini wekhaya,
• ulamula - 1 pc.

1. Inyama kaChum inqunywa izingcezu eziphakathi nendawo.
2. Ukulungiselela i-marinade: uthathe izingcezu ezincane zemango no-ginger, zixube, engeza ugarliki oqoshiwe (ungawunamathisela ngesipikili sikagalikhi), ushaye konke nge-blender ukwenza ingxubevange. Thela ubhiya kuwo, usawoti, "jabulisa" konke nge-pepper bese uxuba kahle.
3. Faka izingcezu zefillet ezilungiselelwe kule marinade bese uzivumela ukuba zisebenze amahora 1.5-2 esiqandisini.
4. Sithola isalon ye-pickled chum, siyibeka esicucwini se-foil, sifafaze ngamafutha, sisonge. Ku-foil, gazinga inyama ocingweni imizuzu engama-25, kungabi ngaphansi.
5. Sikhipha izingcezu ze-foil, bese sizibeka futhi ku-grill yokuthosa ohlangothini ngalunye imizuzu eyi-10.
6. Beka le fillet browned esitsheni, ufafaze ujusi kalamula bese uyikhonza kubavakashi.

Ama-cutlets

Ukupheka uzodinga:

• inyama yesalmon ye-chum - 500 g,
• amaqanda - ama-2 ama-PC.,
• anyanisi - 1 pc.,
• imayonesi - izipuni ezi-3,
• ushizi onzima - 100 g,
• isitashi - izipuni ezi-3,
• izinongo - ngokubona komgcini wekhaya,
• usawoti - 1 tsp

1. Sika inyama ibe izingcezu.
2. Hlikihla u-anyanisi noma udabule nge-grinder yenyama noma uhlanganise. Faka i-salmon echekwe kahle kwinhlanzi.
3. Faka imayonnaise, yakha inyama egayiwe bese uyishiya ukuze icwilisa amahora ambalwa. Ushizi ogayiwe ngamakhekhe amakhulu.
4. Sithola inyama ehleliwe, engeza amaqanda kuyo bese sigobe ngokucophelela yonke into, njengenhlama. Bese upelepele bese ufaka usawoti. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokusebenzisa izinongo, ungazengeza nje enyameni eyosiwe, kanye nosawoti. Sivusa isisi size sibushelelezi bese siyishiya “ukuphumula” eminye imizuzu eyi-10.
5. Sibeka i-pan esitofu, uthele i-oyili bese uyishisa kakhulu.
6. Sakaza inyama egayiwe ngesipuni epanini lokuthosa bese uqala ukuthosa ezinhlangothini zombili. Umlilo kufanele ube olinganiselayo.

Konke sekumi ngomumo! Khonza etafuleni, okuhlotshiswe ngaphambilini ngama-greens. Yiba nempilo!

Ukulungiselela, uzodinga:

• inyama yesalmon ye-chum - 500 g,
• anyanisi - 1 pc.,
• amazambane - ama-4 ama-PC.,
• izaqathe - 1 pc.,
• i-parsley ne-dill - iqembu elilodwa lilinye,
• peas pepper - ama-3 ama-PC.,
• usawoti - ngokubona komgcini wekhaya.

1. Ukupheka izinhlanzi: sihlanza izikali, sikhiphe okokufakwa ngaphakathi, sisule bese sinquma izicucu. Faka ebhodweni lamanzi bese ubeka ukushisa okulinganiselayo.
2. Amazambane ahlanziwe futhi asikiwe aba ama-cubes.
3. Sinqume ama-izaqathe bese siwageza imibuthano.
4. Sihlanza u-anyanisi esiwombeni, sigeze bese siquma kahle.
5. Lapho nje amanzi nezinhlanzi zibila, sithumela lapho izaqathe, u-anyanisi namazambane.
6. Simboza izitsha futhi siqhubeka nokupheka phezu kokushisa okuphansi imizuzu engu-15 ukuya kwe-15.
7. Imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokupheka, engeza imifino ebunjiwe.

Kebab

• inyama ye-chum - 500 g,
• anyanisi - ama-4 ama-PC.,
• upelepele wensimbi - 1 pc.,
• ulamula - uhhafu
• usawoti - ngokubona komgcini wekhaya,
• isithokelo - 2 tsp,
• isosi yesoya - 2 tsp,
• amafutha e-olive - 2 tbsp.

1. Sigeza imifino siyiyeke yomile.
2. Lungisa i-marinade: hlikihla ijusi kusuka kulamula bese uyixuba ne-soy sauce. Faka kuwo i-zest elikhuhluziwe, u-anyanisi oqoshiwe, u-anyanisi, uwoyela nosawoti. Sihlanganisa konke.
3. Ukusuka ku-salmon ye-chum, sikhipha amathambo, sikhumule izikhumba, bese sisika le-fillet ibe izingcezu ezinosayizi abaphakathi ukuze zifakwe kwabaseki.
4. Sika i-pepper bell ibe yizikwele ezincane, u-anyanisi - amasongo.
5. Thela i-salmon ye-chum nge-marinade elungiselelwe, hlanganisa konke bese uvumela i-fillet ukuba ihambe. Shiya inhlanzi ku-marinade imizuzu engama-60. Preheat kuhhavini kuze kube ngu-230 ° C.
6. Kuma-skewer sihlanganisa izingcezu zenhlanzi, sizishintshanise ngezicucu zepepele yensimbi nezindandatho zika-anyanisi.
7. Sibeka i-barbecue kwifomu noma ephepheni lokubhaka, into esemqoka ukuthi izinto zokusebenza azihlangani nazo. Kuthunyelwe kuhhavini.
8. Lapho sisapheka abapheki beshizi, siyaphenduka ukuze inyama ibe nsundu kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ngokulinganayo. Ngemuva kwesigamu sehora sithola i-kebab evela ku-chum.

Namathisela ku-salmon

Imikhiqizo elandelayo izodingeka:

• isib salmon kwesibindi - 500 g,
• anyanisi - 1 pc.,
• izaqathe - ama-2 ama-PC.,
• uwoyela wemifino wokuthosa imifino,
• ibhotela - 150 g,
• usawoti - ngokubona komgcini wekhaya.

1. Sihlanza isibindi, sisuse ifilimu kuso, sikhiphe imithambo. Okulandelayo, uhlukanise kube izingcezu ezincane.
2. Sifaka emlilweni olinganiselwe epanini yokuthosa ngamafutha yemifino bese siyishisa kakhulu.
3. Kawoyela oshisayo sakaza izingcezu zesibindi uzithambise ukushisa okuphezulu ezinhlangothini zombili. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi kuqhume ukuvela.
4. Sika izaqathe zibe izingcezu. Sinquma u-anyanisi.
5. Epanini lokuthosa ngesibindi, engeza izingcezu zebhotela namalungiselelo emifino ephekiwe. Pepper, uma ufisa, nosawoti. Mboza izitsha ngesembozo bese imizuzu imizuzu engama-20.
6. Lapho konke sekumi ngomumo, susa i-pan emlilweni bese uyiyeka ipholile. Faka ukudla okuphekiwe ku-blender bese ugaye. Ungasebenzisa i-coup noma i-grinder yenyama.
7. Sisakaza ukunamathisela esitsheni bese silungisa amasangweji.

Kungenzeka yini ukudla i-chum salmon eluhlaza

Vele, akusikhuthazi ukuthi udle izinhlanzi ezingavuthiwe, kungakhathalekile ukuthi zazihlala kuphi ngaphambili nokuthi zidlani. Abantu basenyakatho balungiselela i-stroganin kusuka ezinhlanzini ezingavuthiwe, i.e. baveza inyama ekusetshenzisweni okubizwa ngokuthi “ukushaqisa”, lapho kufa khona wonke amagciwane.

I-Chum salmon ingumuntu wasolwandle, futhi emanzini anosawoti, njengoba uyazi, awatholakali amabhaktheriya amaningi ayingozi kanye namagciwane. Abasindi kukho. Kepha kungcono ukuthi uphephe futhi ukhethe izinhlanzi amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokudla. Iresiphi ilula: hlanganisa amanzi noviniga kanye kalamula, usawoti bese ubeka izingcezu zenhlanzi lapho amahora amabili.

Amaqiniso Ahehayo

1. Abesifazane abavela kumaqanda we-chum salmon balungiselela imaski yokulwa nokuguga. Kodwa kufanele wazi ukuthi ungapheka imaski kuphela kusuka ku-caviar entsha, ngaphandle kokungeza izinongo nosawoti. Kungcono ukungasebenzisi izinhlanzi ezithengiwe ezitolo ezinkulu zalokhu.
2. Uma uhlela iphathi enomsindo, oda i-chum yezivakashi noma upheke inhlanzi ngokwakho. I-Thiamine enyameni yaziwa ukuthi isiza ekutholeni imiphumela emibi yotshwala nogwayi emzimbeni.

«Kubalulekile: Yonke imininingwane ekulesi siza ihlinzekelwe imininingwane yolwazi kuphela. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma iziphi izincomo, thintana nochwepheshe. Abahleli noma ababhali abanacala kunoma yikuphi ukulimala okungenzeka okubangelwe yizinto zokwakha. ”

Umjikelezo wempilo ka-Chum salmon

Ukuqunjelwa kwe-Salmon kwenzeka emfuleni ngamazinga okushisa we +3 .. + 5 ℃. Ukuqanduselwa izibungu kuthatha izinyanga ezintathu. Ihlobo lokuqala, izingane zihlala ezindaweni ezigudle ugu, bese ziya phakathi nezwe. Lapha uyakhuphuka, eminyakeni emi-3 kuya kwengama-4 uya esigabeni “sokukhwelana” bese eya emfuleni wakubo ukuyokhula. Sekukonke, i-chum salmon iqala kusuka ku-2000 iye ku-4000 km.

Ukubhaliswa kwesalimoni okubili kuhlukaniswa yisikhathi sokungena emifuleni:

• ihlobo - kusuka ngoJulayi kuya kuSepthemba,
• I-Autumn - ukusuka ngoSepthemba kuya kuLwezi.

Ama-subspecies we-Autumn makhulu futhi ahlala isikhathi eside ukwedlula ehlobo. Ukuzala kwe-autumn chum salmon kufinyelela amaqanda angama-44,000, kanti i-salmon yasehlobo ifinyelela ku-25,000.

I-Salmon iyageleza emifuleni ephezulu yemifula enenhlabathi enhle ebunjiwe. Owesifazane uphonsa amaqanda emgodini futhi amboze ngamatshe abunjiwe. Ubungako be-hblock ye-pebble ingafinyelela ku-2,5 m ubude no-2 m ububanzi Owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi uvikela amaqanda kwizinyamazane.

Ngemuva kokusaphazeka, umduna nowesilisa bafa emfuleni kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10, kube ukudla nefry.

Isithombe nencazelo yezinhlanzi

Umjikelezo wempilo we-salmon ungahlukaniswa waba yizifunda ezi-2: iminyaka yentsha nokuguga. Esigabeni ngasinye, izinhlanzi ezibomvu zishintsha ukubukeka, ukuziphatha nezakhiwo ezizuzisayo.

Umuntu osemusha umbozwe izikali zesiliva obukhulu, lapho ithole igama lesidlaliso "silverfish". Inhlanzi iyazingela, inqwabelana ngamafutha, ithola isisindo esingu-4-6 kg, ikhula ize ibe ngu-70 cm.

I- “zovala Zomshado” iguqula incazelo ye-chum salmon, njengoba ibonwa esithombeni, imbozwe ngamabala ansomi. Izikali ze- "silverfish" ziyaqina bese ziphenduka zibe nsundu. Ikhanda liyashintsha. Imihlathi inwetshiwe, iyagoba, kuvela ubuhlalu. Abadobi bendawo babiza i-chum salmon ngokuthi "ikatfish".

ISalimoni iba nolaka, ibuthana emhlanjini bese ibhekisa ezihlotsheni. Kusukela kule nkathi, i- "catfish" iyayeka ukuzingela futhi idle imithombo yayo yamafutha. Inyama iyaqaqamba.

Ngemuva kokusatshalaliswa, izikali ze-chum salmon ziphenduka zaba mnyama. Izitho zangaphakathi ze-catfish atrophy. Ngenxa yokukhathala, inhlanzi iyafa.

Izinzuzo ze-chum salmon zomzimba

Inani lokudla kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali enhlanzi ebomvu kukhonjisiwe etafuleni.

Inani kumkhiqizo ngo-100 g

Amaphesenti esibonelelo esinconyiwe nsuku zonke,%

Inani lamandla, kcal

Amavithamini e-B:

I-Chum salmon icebile ngamaprotheni, inothile ngamafutha acid, amavithamini kanye namaminerali. Inyama yesilivafish igayiwe kahle.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlanzi ezibomvu ku-130 amagremu izikhathi ezi-3 ngesonto kuthuthukisa isimo somzimba:

• Amafutha angashintshiwe ahlanza imithambo yegazi nomfutho wegazi ophansi. Ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushayiswa inciphile.
• Vitamin B1 isiza ukukhumbula kangcono, ithuthukisa ukunakwa nokucabanga.
• Ngenxa yamavithamini we-B, ukungasebenzi komzimba kuyathuthukiswa futhi izinqubo ze-metabolic zenziwa zenziwe kabusha.
• IVitamin D ivimbela ukukhula kwama-rickets, i-leukemia, umdlavuza webele nobuchopho. Ilawula amazinga kashukela egazi.
• IVitamin E ne-omega bathinta imibimbi, bavuselele isikhumba.
• Iodine ivuselela umsebenzi wobuchopho. Kwandisa ukugqama kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi. Kuthuthukisa isimo sesikhumba, izinwele, izipikili.

I-Salmon inciphisa ukucindezela komzimba, ithuthukisa ukusebenza. Inyama yeBeta inconyelwa izingane, abantu asebekhulile, omama abakhulelwe nababambisayo.

Izinzuzo ze-keta caviar

I-Kettle caviar nobisi ayibalulekile kangako kunenyama. Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kwe-caviar kungama-250 kcal. Amaqanda amakhulu - ubukhulu ngu-7 mm, olintshi. I-Caviar incibilika emlonyeni, umoya wayo uzwakele.

I-caviar enosawoti kanye nobisi isetshenziswa ku-cosmetology, ithola umphumela omhlophe nokulwa nokuguga.

Amaqiniso amnandi

Abesilisa banamafutha kunabesifazane: isidlo esivela kubo sigcwala ngokwengeziwe, sin namanzi futhi sinempilo. Inyama yeKeto iyasawoti, ibheme, ifakelwe inyama noma ibhakwe. Ekhiqizweni kwezimboni, inyama yesalimoni ingamakhonkwane. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamanzi amaningi, akunconywa ukuyithambisa: inyama iba yomile.

Indlebe ethambile futhi enempilo ngo-ukhilimu itholakala ku-keto fillet. Inyama yangaphambili. Kwezithako, amazambane ahlanganisiwe, izaqathe, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi kufanelekile.

Gcina "isiliva" okusha esiqandisini isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku. I-At -18 ℃, inhlanzi ebomvu igcina izakhamzimba izinyanga ezi-3. Udinga ukwehlisa isidumbu se-chum kancane, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-microwave. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukwakheka kwenyama kuzodilika, futhi ukunambitheka kuzokonakala.

I-Cold ebhemayo ebunjiwe ingadliwa izinsuku eziyi-10. Ukubhema okulambile kunakekela izinzuzo zomkhiqizo kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezi-3.

Ukudotshwa kwe-salmon ye-Chum: izici

Umdobi uzodinga amakhono okubamba i-silverfish ngokunyathela. Emanzini asogwini, i-chum salmon ibhukuda ifike kumamitha ayi-10: ukudoba ngesikebhe kuzomesabisa.

Isikhathi esihle sokudoba sithathwa njengesiqalo sendlela eqabulayo yomhlambi we-chum salmon uye emilonyeni yemifula. Eduze nendawo echetywe kuyo, i-catfish ilahlekelwa izakhi zayo kanye nenani lokunambitha, ngakho-ke ukudoba okunjalo akuyona into engasebenzi. Ngokwesilinganiso sezimboni, ama-salmon abanjwa ngamanetha noma abagibeli.

Abathandi benjabulo ne-adrenaline babamba izinhlanzi ezibomvu ngokudoba impukane. Ama-Keta pecks ngokushesha nangokuphazima kweso. Umdobi kungenzeka angakuboni ukuluma, kanti i- "catfish" ishiya ukweluka, isheshe ikhiphe intambo engu-100 m. Abadobi basebenzisa izinduku zokudoba ezinamandla zebanga le-9 noma le-10 kanye nethiythi - izimpukane eziyi-10-15 cm, ama-streamers.

"I-Catfish" emifuleni ayondli. Kodwa-ke, ugcina ikhaliphe lokuzivikela. Abadobi bendawo basebenzisa ama-spinner kanye nama-baiting swinging njengokugoqa okusolayo. Ngaphambi kokudoba, kudingeka uhlole ichibi, bese uthatha induku yokudoba, inhlama ne-spinner. Isibonelo, izinduku ezinde zikhethiwe ukudoba kubantu abakhulu, kepha azifanele ukudoba esikebheni noma emathangeni.

Ukulimala nengozi yezinhlanzi ekudleni

Usawoti nosawoti obhemayo uyingozi ezifweni:

• uhlelo lwezinso ne-urogenital,
• isisu
• izinhliziyo
• gout.

Okuqukethwe usawoti okuphezulu ekwakhiweni kwenyama yeketo, i-caviar nobisi kuholela ekugcinweni kwe-fluid kanye nokubonakala kwe-edema. Sebenzisa umkhiqizo izingxenye ezithile ukuze ungalimazi umzimba.

Izinhlanzi ezibomvu ezifuywayo zingaba nezinsimbi ezilimazayo nemikhiqizo ye-GMO ngoba zondla ngokwezifiso.

Abakhiqizi bezinhlanzi ezihlanziwe basebenzisa i-salmon “ngokushintsha okukhanyayo” lapho izinzuzo zenyama yeketo yabantu incishisiwe. Izinkampani ezingathembekile zingabeka izinsalela zekati lezinhlanzi elashona ngemuva kokuhluma.

Ukulondolozwa okungasebenzi kahle kubangela ushintsho ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali enhlanzi ebomvu. Ngakho-ke, i-amino acid histidine iphenduka ibe yi-histamine, imithamo emikhulu yayo ebangela ubuthi nokungezwani komzimba.

Ukukhetha "isiliva" esitolo, udinga ukunaka izimo zokugcina, ukuze ungalimazi impilo yakho. Izikali zesalamu eziwayo, amageyimu ansundu, amehlo anamafu kuyizimpawu zomkhiqizo oyindlala. Izinhlanzi ezifakwayo kufanele ziboshwe ngokuphelele ngenhlanganisela emincane yokuzivikela emoyeni.

Intengo yezinhlanzi ezibomvu

I-Serebryanka ingumkhiqizo wesizini. Ukudoba okuningi kwe-chum salmon kwenzeka ehlobo. Intengo ejwayelekile ngo-2019 yesidumbu esisemathunjini salmon Ekude EseMpumalanga ngama-ruble angama-450. ngekhilogremu. I-Salmon steak izobiza ama-ruble angama-490 / kg. I-Fillet esikhumbeni - kusuka kuma-ruble angama-630 / kg. I-caviar enosawoti ithengiswa ezitsheni zepulasitiki nezingilazi ezinenani lamagremu angama-250 noma angama-500 ngentengo yama-ruble / kg ayi-4250.

Isiphetho

I-salmon yasePacific yinhlanzi ebomvu enobuqili, enamandla futhi eqinile. Ukudoba okude kakhulu kwaseMpumalanga kuzonikeza i-adrenaline nomuzwa ongasoze walibaleka wokunqoba. Inhlanzi ebunjiwe ingafakwa ngosawoti, i-stewed, ibhakwe, ithosiwe, ibheme.

Inyama, ubisi lwe-caviar ne-silverfish aqukethe inani elikhulu lamaprotheni, amafutha anempilo, amavithamini kanye namaminerali. Inhlanzi ebomvu iyanconywa ezinganeni nakubantu abadala, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-chum salmon kufanele igcinwe kahle.

Ngabe uke waba ne-CATCH enkulu kakhulu?

Ugcine nini ukubamba inqwaba yamaphayiphu / IZINYEMPILO / imizimba?

Ngaso sonke isikhathi sifuna ukuthola umphumela wokudoba - ukubamba hhayi ama-perch amathathu, kodwa amaphayile ekhilogremu ambalwa - lokhu kuzoba ukubanjiswa! Ngamunye wethu uphupha ngalokhu, kepha akuyena wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi kanjani.

Ukubamba okuhle kungatholakala (futhi siyakwazi lokhu) sibonga ngebheti elihle.

Ingalungiswa ekhaya, ungathenga ezitolo zokudoba. Kepha ezitolo kuyabiza, futhi ukuze ukwazi ukupheka isheyiti ekhaya, udinga ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi, futhi, kahle kakhulu, kude nokuhlala njalo isithiyo sekhaya sisebenza kahle.

Uyakwazi ukudumazeka lapho uthenga ibheyithi noma uyipheke ekhaya futhi ubamba iminsalo emithathu noma emine?

Ngakho-ke mhlawumbe sekuyisikhathi sokusebenzisa umkhiqizo womsebenzi owenziwe ngempela, ukusebenza kwawo okufakazelwe ngokwesayensi nangokuzijwayeza emifuleni nasemachibini aseRussia?

Vele, kungcono ukuzama kanye kunokuzwa amahlandla ayinkulungwane. Ikakhulu manje - inkathi uqobo lwayo! Isaphulelo esingu-50% lapho uku-oda kuyibhonasi enhle!

Ithini i-chum salmon yehlobo nokwindla

Ama-Ichthyologists ahlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili eziphambili zesizini ze-Oncorhynchus keta, ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngokuqhuma, ukuzala, ukukhula kwesilinganiso nosayizi. Indima eholayo idlalwa ngumjaho wasekwindla, oya emifuleni ukuze uqhume ngoSepthemba - Novemba ngemikhiqizo yezocansi engakakhiwa. Isikhathi sesifundo esiwukhuphukayo singathatha amasonto ama-2-4 (ukuya kumakhilomitha ayi-2 000). Lesi sikhathi sekwanele ukuvuthwa okugcwele kwamaqanda nobisi. Ubukhulu obukhulu bokusuka kwe-chum salmon bufika ku-100-110 cm ngesisindo esingu-18-19 kg futhi irekhodi lawo lonke uhlobo. Kepha kaningi ekubambeni kubanjwe amasampula angama-60-70 cm anesisindo esingu-3-5 kg.

Izikhathi zokuzala kabusha zomjaho wasehlobo ziwe kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaJuni kuya kuSepthemba. Inhlanzi isivele yakhe imikhiqizo yokuzala, ngakho-ke ayiyi enkambweni ende enyukayo, kepha ifafaza eduze komlomo. Isisindo esikhulu kunazo zonke sama-chum salmon ehlobo angama-6-7 kg. Ekudobeni izinhlanzi, abantu abane-ubude bomzimba obungamasentimitha angama-50-60.

Ihlala kuphi i-chum salmon?

Ngenxa yokungabambeki futhi ukumelana okuphezulu kokushisa okuphansi, le nhlanzi ivumelane nezimo ezithile ezingxenyeni ze-Arctic nePacific Oceans, lapho ichitha khona ubuningi bokuphila kwayo emhlabeni wokudla. IKeta inebanga elibanzi kakhulu phakathi kwawo wonke ama-salmon asePacific, kepha ivame kakhulu eLaptev naseBosphorus Sea, e-Alaska Bay, e-East Siberian, eChukchi, e-Okhotsk, eBarents Seas.

Ezindaweni ezifanayo, izinhlanzi zenza ukufuduka okungatheni ziye emifuleni yeziqhingi zaseKuril, eKamchatka, eSakhalin, eYakutia, esifundeni saseMagadan, ePrimorsky Territory, eCanada, e-USA, eJapan naseNingizimu Korea. E-Russia, i-chum salmon ihlala ivakashela izidumbu zamanzi ahlanzekile aseLena, Amur, Yana, Anadyr, Penzhina, Okhota, nasezindongeni zasePoronai. Isifunda esikhulu sokwenza kabusha kwe-salmon okwenziwe ngobuciko yiSakhalin Oblast, kanti eyemvelo yiKamchatka.

Izinhlobo zeChum

I-Salmon iboniswa ngokushiwo okungahambi kahle (buyela endaweni ngqo yokuzalwa). IKeta ihlala ifuduka iyokhelelela emfuleni, lapho yaqhamuka khona nge-caviar, futhi izama ukuthola umdabu womdabu ovela khona.Lesi sici sofuzo sivumele ama-ichthyologists ukuba bahlukanise izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezimbili ezizimele - North American and Asia, ezingahambelani ngokwezindawo.

Amatekisi ase-Asia ahlala futhi aqhewuke eRussia. Ngokusekelwe kumasampula ezibalo zezifundo ezi-meristic neze-genetic, ososayensi bakwazile ukukhomba izindlela ezimbalwa zesifunda zohlobo lwe-Asia chum salmon:

• Okhotsk Sea - eningizimu nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeSakhalin,
• Southern - Primorye, Kunashir, Iturup,
• I-Amur - Amgun, Ussuri, Zeya, Bikin, ingxenye esenyakatho yeTatar Strait,
• Sakhalin - eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeSakhalin,
• enyakatho - iKamchatka, eChukotka.

Zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo zifana kakhulu ngokubukeka futhi zihlukaniswe izinhlanga zasehlobo nezekwindla. Okuhlukile yiSakhalin chum salmon, esetshenziswa njengento yokuzalaniswa kwefektri futhi inendawo eyingqayizivele engafani namathoni esiliva eluhlaza.

Indlela yokuphila kaChum nokudla okunempilo

Ngokungafani nezinhlobo eziningi ezifudukayo, i-Pacific salmon Fry ayihlali emifuleni iminyaka eminingana ukuthola ubunzima futhi ikhule ibe ngosayizi iphephele ulwandle. Masinyane nje ngemuva kokushiya isidleke, imihlambi yamasalmon amancane iqala ukwehla kancane kancane igeleze phansi. Njengoba sebengene olwandle, batholakala ezindaweni ezigudle ugu, bathola izindawo ezivalekile ngenqwaba yokudla okuncane okuphilayo. Ukondla kokuqala kuthatha izinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-10. Ukutholwa kwesisindo nsuku zonke kungama-3-3,5% wesisindo esiphelele somuntu ngamunye.

Sesifinyelele kubude obungama-30-40 cm, inhlanzi ingena ekuphakamiseni okufudukayo okuhlala isikhathi eside, okungahlala iminyaka emi-3 kuye kweli-10. Ngakho-ke, i-chum salmon ihlala cishe yonke impilo yayo emanzini anosawoti kude nasogwini.

Olwandle, ama-salmon adla izinto eziphilayo ze-benthic, ama-mollusks anamaphiko, ama-crustaceans, ama-ctenophores, i-fry yezinye izinhlanzi. Lapho i-chum ikhula, idlulela kwindlela yokuphila yokuxwaya, ikhetha ukuzingela umhlambi ngama-gerbil, herring, smelt, flounder encane, anchovy, squid, sardines, gobies. Isikhathi esincane sokuhlala kokudla olwandle yiminyaka emi-3.

Ukuqhuma kwe-Chum

Ukuvuthwa kwezocansi kwe-salmon kwenzeka eminyakeni engama-3-7. Abamele umjaho omncane, wasehlobo ungowokuqala ukulungela ukuzalaniswa. Iningi labesifazane elihlaselayo lineminyaka emithathu ubudala noma ngaphezulu (cishe ama-80%). Ama-15-17% asele awela kwabaneminyaka engu-4 nengu-5 ubudala. Ukuqhekeka kwabantu abaneminyaka engu-6 noma engu-7 akuvamile. Ekwindla chum, iningi lezinkomo ezihlwayelayo zingamane aneminyaka emine ubudala.

Ifomu lasehlobo lika-salmon liqhuma ngoJuni - Agasti ekuphakameni kokushisa kwamanzi kufinyelela ku- + 12-14С. I-Autumn - ngoSepthemba - Novemba ngokushisa okunciphisiwe (+ 3-8 ° C). Ngenxa yezizathu ezinwebekayo kufanele kukhethwe izindawo ezingenamuntu ezinobukhulu bamamitha ayi-0,5-1 ngenkundla elinganiselayo (0.1-1.0 m / s) nenhlabathi evulekile (amatshe amatshe, amatshe amatshe, amatshe amatshe amatshe).

Lapho esethole indawo efanelekile, insikazi iqala ukuhlomisa isidleke. Okokuqala, uhlanza ngokushaya okukhulu komsila ingxenye yobukhulu obungaphansi kuka-1.5-3.0x1.0-2.5 m. Bese eshaya umsele omude ngokujula kuka-15-50 cm, lapho abeka khona amaqanda amakhulu ayinkulungwane anobubanzi obuyi-4-6 mm nesisindo esingu-180- 300 mg Ngemuva kokuvundiswa kokukhiqizwa ngabesilisa, umama ucwilisa ngokucophelela emhlabathini, akha ishubhu elikhulu. Ngezinsuku ezingama-3-7 kuphela, owesimame oyedwa uyakwazi ukuhlomisa izidleke ezi-2-3 ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zokuqhuma, okwandisa kakhulu ithuba lokutholwa ngempumelelo.

Ngemuva kokusakazeka, wonke ama-salmon afa emavikini angama-1-3. Le nkathi yanele ukuthi i-chum ishiye izizathu ezihlakazekile, isakaze phansi emfuleni futhi ingavumeli inhlekelele yemvelo ezingxenyeni ezincane zomfula.

Isikhathi sokufakwa kwemashi sithatha izinsuku ezingama-120-150. Imibungu eqhamuka emaqanda inesigaxa se-yolk sac, esisiza ukuba sikhule kahle ngaphandle kokushiya isivikelo somqobelo obonakalayo. Ukuphuma kokuqala kwezibungu ezinamandla ze-chum kuhla ngo-Ephreli futhi kuqhubeke kuze kube nguJulayi. I-fry encane ebhukuda (i-motley) ebunjiwe ingqongqozwa emihlambini nasezifihlini eziluhlaza ezisogwini, emigodini, phakathi kwamatshe. Ijazi lokufihla ihlosi lemivimbo eguqukayo engu-10-14 lisiza ukuphunyuka kubazingeli.

Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-1-2, i-chum engumntwana ifinyelela kubude obuyi-4-6 cm futhi yathunyelwa ukuyondla olwandle.Ngalesi sikhathi, i-fry ibonakala ku-gry, umzimba uyanda bese uthatha amafomu ajwayelekile ezinhlotsheni, umzimba owakhiwe kabusha ngokuphila emanzini kasawoti.

Inhlanzi ebomvu ye-salmon ebomvu - izakhiwo ezizuzisayo

Izitsha ze-Salmon zivuselela izinqubo ze-metabolic, ziqinisa ukungatheleleki, zivimbele ukuguga kanye nokugula kohlelo lwethambo nenhliziyo. Inyama ebomvu ye-chum salmon inokuqukethwe kwekhalori okuncane nganoma yiluphi uhlobo. Kumagremu ayi-100 womkhiqizo ongavuthiwe, angama-kilocalories ayi-128 kuphela. Izinga elifanayo lamandla amandla libhekene nenhlanzi enosawoti, ethosiwe noma ebilisiwe. Ngisho ne-saalmon ethosiwe ayiqukethe ngaphezu kwe-200 kcal / 100 g, ngakho-ke, izazi zezempilo ziphatha ukudla ngamakhalori alinganiselayo.

Hlobo luni lwezinhlanzi

IKetu ibizwa nge-Pacific salmon noma i-silverfish. Umzimba ophakeme ocindezelwe kamuva ufana ne-torpedo. Ikhanda libunjiwe, linomlomo obanzi, amazinyo angaphansi athuthukisiwe. Ubude babantu abadala bufika ku-110 cm, isisindo - kuze kufike ku-15 kg. Zidla kuma-mollusks anamaphiko, ama-crustaceans kanye nefry.

Ngesikhathi sokuhluma, bathuthela kuleyo mifula lapho bebehlangene khona emaqanda. Ngenxa yalesi sici, ama-salmon we-chum ahlukaniswe ngokwezigaba ngesi-Asia naseNyakatho Melika.

I-Eshiya eRussia. Kuyenzeka:

• eningizimu (Iturup, Primorye),
• I-Northern (Chukotka, Kamchatka),
• I-Amur (Bikin, Ussuri),
• Ulwandle i-Okhotsk (enyakatho-mpumalanga, ogwini oluseningizimu yeSakhalin),
• ISakhalin (ingxenye eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeSakhalin).

Ngokuya ngesizini yokuluka, i-salmon yehlobo nokwindla kuyahlukaniswa. Ukuzalaniswa kwabantu ehlobo kukhula kungadluli kuma-60 cm. I-Autumn chum salmon ikhudlwana futhi ivundile kakhudlwana.

Kuphela yi-Sakhalin chum salmon, eqhutshwa ngokuzalaniswa kwabantu abaningi, ehlukile. Itshalwa emapulazini akhethekile. Isikali sezinhlanzi sipendiwe ngathoni aluhlaza okotshani.

Ukudoba

Olwandle oluvulekile, i-chum salmon ihlala ukuze ihlale phezulu kakhulu kwikholamu lamanzi - akuvamile ukuthi ingene ngaphansi kwamamitha angama-50. Ukujula kwendawo ejwayelekile kungamamitha ayi-13 ukusuka ebusweni phakathi kwemini nama-5 m ebusuku. Ingxenye yomhlaba yokubanjwa iwela kubadobi baseChina futhi cishe ingxenye yesine kuya kwesabelo seRussia ne-USA, ngokulandelana. Ukudotshwa kwezimboni zasendle i-chum salmon ngonyaka ka-2019 (kusukela ngoSepthemba) e-Alaska kufinyelela ku-17,186,000.

I-Chum salmon ithathwa njengento ebaluleke kakhulu kwezentengiso kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-salmon. Inyama etholwe kuyo imhlophe, i-pink noma ephuzi, iphansi ngamafutha. Ilula ngombala futhi ayinamafutha njengakwezinye izinhlobo. Kuthengiswa okusha, kufriziwe, komile, kusawoti, kubheme noma kukotwe. Ngokuqondene nokudoba kwezemidlalo, bachitha emilonyeni - lapho imifula igeleza khona olwandle, ekugcineni ekwindla. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukudoba kwe-salmon kunzima impela ngenxa yobukhulu bezinhlanzi.

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali nokuqukethwe kwekhalori

IKeta ine-flavour emnene. Inyama yakhe ibonakala ngokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-sodium, inani elikhulu le-omega-3 fatty acids, niacin, Vitamin B12 ne-selenium. Ithengiswa emisha futhi eqandisiwe, kepha ingatholwa nefomu elikheniwe noma elibhemayo. Inyama yakhe ipinki, ihluke ngokuphelele ku-salmon. Umehluko ubonakala kuphela endaweni encanyana phambi komsila. Ku-salmon, ukuguquka komsila ungene ku-caudal fin kukhulu.

Iqukethe (kumikhiqizo engu-100 g):

• amakhalori: 120 kcal,
• amanoni: 4 g
• cholesterol: 4 mg
• i-sodium: 50 mg
• I-carbohydrate: 0 g,
• amaprotheni: 20 g
• Ama-acid e-Omega-3: 0,7 g.

Inhlanzi inconyelwa izingane ezineminyaka engu-4 ubudala nabadala.

Izinzuzo zenyama ne-caviar ye-chum salmon yomzimba

I-Chum salmon ingenye yokudla okunempilo okunempilo. Ucebile ngamaprotheni, amavithamini B12, i-selenium namafutha acid enempilo. Lokhu kokugcina kuyadingeka ukuze ulondoloze amehlo anempilo, ubuchopho nenhliziyo. Inhlanzi ibalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchopho ezinsaneni futhi ilusizo kakhulu lapho kudliwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngemininingwane ethe xaxa, ukwakhiwa kwenhlanzi kanye namaminithamini enhlanzi kudwebulezwe ngezansi. Imininingwane inikezwa nge-100 g yomkhiqizo.

• Ngokuqondene nezakhiwo ezizuzayo zenyama yale nhlanzi, okulandelayo kushiwo ngabezokudla kaningi kunabanye:
• Ukwehliswa kwenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa,
• ukususwa koketshezi oluqhamuka emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi lokho okuqongelela esikhaleni esijwayelekile,
• ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwamaseli womdlavuza,
• ukugcina isikhumba siphilile
• ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokugaya,
• ukugcwalisa umzimba ngamandla,
• kwehlisa ushukela wegazi
• ukuvimbela ukulahleka kwezinwele
• ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo ezinganeni,
• ukungathathi hlangothi kwezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokuvuvukala,
• ukuvimbela isifo sohlangothi kanye nesifo sezinzwa,
• ukuvimbela izifo zamathambo nezinyo.

Ukudla ukudla kwasolwandle kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba nesifo senhliziyo, kwandisa ukusebenza kwengqondo futhi kusekele isisindo somzimba esinempilo. Inyama ye-chum salmon nenye i-salmon kunconywa ukuthi idliwe izikhathi ezi-2 ngesonto ukwanelisa izidingo zomzimba zama-asidi abalulekile, amaprotheni, amaminerali kanye namavithamini ancibilikisa amafutha.

I-chum salmon caviar ipendwe ngombala we-orange ogqamile sibonga i-asoxxin ye-antioxidant ewusizo. Kwandisa ukumelana kwesikhumba ku-ultraviolet futhi kubandakanyeka ezinqubweni ze-oxidative. UCaviar ucebile ngamaprotheni, ama-omega-3 acid no-Vitamin D.

I-100 g iqukethe:

• 250 kcal
• 14 g amanoni
• 29 g amaprotheni
• 3 g wama-carbohydrate.

Le yiprotheni esezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, edingeka kubasubathi nakubantu abahola impilo enempilo.

Ukunambitha nokusebenzisa ekuphekeni

Ngokuhle, i-chum salmon inokuqukethwe okuphansi kwamafutha kunezinye i-salmon salmon, ukuze ithole ukunambitheka okuncane futhi okubushelelezi, ngenkathi kungalahlekelwa ama-acid anenzuzo nezinye izinto ezilandelwayo, njenge-selenium ne niacin. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphansi kwamafutha nokunambitheka okuthe xaxa, ilungele labo abangayithandi iphunga elishiwo kakhulu lezinye i-salmon. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-chum salmon inambitha ngokwanele ukuthola uhlelo lokusebenza ezinhlobonhlobo zezindlela zokupheka eziswelayo.

Iphrofayili yeCulinary ye-chum salmon:

• inyama: upinki okhanyayo noma owolintshi,
• ukuthungwa: obukhulu, coarser kune-salmon,
• ukunambitha: ukuthambile
• uhlelo lokusebenza: lungabhakwa, lufakwe ku-grill, lugqinsiwe futhi lufakwe ngokujulile,
• isabelo se-fillet: 70% yesisindo senhlanzi,
• ongabanjwa: kusukela ngoJulayi kuya kuLwezi.

Izici ezizuzisayo

Ngenxa yokugcwala kwemifula, i-salmon yasePacific ithathwa njengephutha amanzi amhlophe. Kepha akatholakali emifuleni. I-Chum salmon iyinhlanzi yasolwandle ebizayo, inezinto ezizuzisayo kubantu. Inyama yayo iqukethe inani elikhulu lezakhi zomzimba, ukumunca ejwayelekile kukuvumela ukuthi uphinde uphinde ukhiphe izinqolobane zabo, ugweme i-hypovitaminosis.

Yiluphi usizo lwe-chum ekusebenziseni okuhlelekile:

1. Ukuhlanzwa, kubuyisela amaseli wesibindi owonakele.
2. Ihlanza imithambo yegazi. Ukuqedwa kwe-cholesterol embi kugcizelela umfutho wegazi, kuvimbela isifo sokuqina kwenhliziyo, isifo senhliziyo se-ischemic.
3. Inomphumela wokulwa nokuvuvukala.
4. Ikhuthaza ukululama ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhlinzwa noma izifo ezithathelwanayo zangaphambilini.
5. Iphinda igcwalise amandla asetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuxineka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.
6. Ikusheshisa izinqubo zokucabanga, ivimbela ukuvinjwa kwemisebenzi yokuqonda ngokumelene nesizinda se-Alzheimer's, ngemuva kokwehla kwezimpawu zomzimba.
7. Ivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokuwohloka komqondo ekuseni, ibambezela inqubo yokuguga.
8. Ibuyisela umthelela onobuthi ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi ekubhemeni ugwayi notshwala.
9. Ibandakanya izinqubo ze-hematopoietic, zivuselela ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi.
10. Iqinisa izicubu zenhliziyo, iguqule izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo.
11. Ilwa nokuphazamiseka kwe-thyroid okubangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-iodine.
12. Kwandisa ukumelana komzimba ezifweni ezingamagciwane, izifo ezingamagciwane, ukuqinisa ukungatheleleki komzimba.
13. Ijwayelekile ukulala, idambise ukungezwani kwemizwa okubangelwa yingcindezi.
14. Kuthuthukisa isimo sezemizwa, kuvikele ukukhula kokudangala nokunganaki.
15. Umphumela omuhle ezinqubweni ze-metabolic.
16. Ivimbela ukwehla okuhlobene nobudala, ibambe ukuqina kwayo, inciphise ukukhathala kwamehlo.
17. Iqinisa isistimu ye-musculoskeletal, ukuvimbela ukukhula kwe-osteoporosis, ukuguguleka kwe-enamel yezinyo.
18. Inezakhiwo ze-antitumor ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwama-antioxidants.
19. I-toni yesikhumba se-Evens, ibuyisela ukuqina kwayo, ikhuthaza ukukhula kwezinwele.

Contraindication kanye nokulimala okungenzeka

Kunezici eziningana lapho i-chum salmon ingagcini nje ngokuzuzisa, kodwa futhi inokulimaza impilo:

• ukungabekezeleli amaprotheni,
• ukudla okwasolwandle
• i-pancreatitis eyingozi
• i-gastritis,
• gout.

Njengazo zonke izinhlanzi ezibomvu, i-chum salmon ayinangozi ngokulinganisela lapho kungekho okubhekwayo.

Ikhulelwe futhi iletha

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, inhlanzi ebomvu ibaluleke kakhulu, ayithathi i-mercury emizimbeni yamanzi, ngakho-ke, akuyona ingozi. Amaminerali ekwakhiweni anomthelela omuhle esimweni sengqondo somama okhulelwe, futhi abambe iqhaza ekwakhekeni kwamathambo, izicubu zemisipha, nengqondo yengane.

Ukuvikela okhuluphele osanda kuzalwa, i-silverfish akufanele idliwe kathathu ngesonto nge-100-130 g. Ukusetshenziswa okuhleliwe kuvimbela ukukhula kwama-ricark enganeni esibelethweni, kanye nasenganeni esanda kuzalwa ngesikhathi sokuncelisa.

Izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kwezifo

Nge-hypertension, i-osteoporosis, isifo sikashukela, i-keta inethonya lokwelapha, kepha ngezifo ezithile kungalimaza.

I-pancreatitis iyi-lesion acanca yama-pancreas. Lesi sifo sidinga imikhawulo eqinile yokudla. Ukudla okusindayo, okunamafutha akufakiwe ekudleni. UChum ubhekwa njengenhlanzi enamafutha ngokulinganayo, kodwa ayifaneleki ekudleni.

Ngemuva kokwehla kwe-exacerbation, kuvunyelwe ukudla ama-50-70 g we-fillet ye-steamed 2 times ngesonto.

I-gastritis ukuqubuka kolwelwesi lwe-mucous lwesisu. Uma kwenzeka isifo, kubalulekile ukudla ukudla okulula kwamaprotheni ukuze wehlise umthwalo esithweni esithintekile. Ukudla okunamafutha, anekhalori ephezulu akuvunyelwe.

Esigabeni esibi sesi sifo, awukwazi ukudla izinhlanzi; ekuxolelweni, ungasebenzisa i-chum ebilisiwe noma enomusi ngamanani amancane.

Ngokuphulwa kwe-uric acid metabolism, amalunga ayathinteka, futhi i-gout iyakhula. Lesi sifo sifaka ukungafakwa ngokuphelele kwamaprotheni ezilwane nokudla okuphezulu ku-uric acid. Ukudla kwe-gout akufanele kufake izinhlanzi ezibomvu nganoma yiluphi uhlobo.

Izincomo zokudla ngokunciphisa umzimba

Lapho ulahlekelwe isisindo, akunconywa ukukhipha umzimba ngokudla okuqinile. Ukwehla kwesisindo okuhlelekile, ochwepheshe beluleka ukuthi kudle ukudla okunempilo okunekhalori ephansi.

I-Keta ithathwa njengomkhiqizo wekhalori ongaphansi, ayiqukethe i-carbohydrate futhi igcwala umzimba nge-protein efanele. Ukuze isikhumba singahambi kahle futhi singabi namabibi ngokulahleka kwamakhilogremu, udinga ukuhlanganisa umsoco ofanele nokuzivocavoca.

Inani lokudla okunempilo nokuqukethwe kwekhalori

I-100 g ye-salmon entsha ye-chum iqukethe i-127 kcal.

Inani le-Energy (BJU) nge-100 g:

• carbohydrate - 0 g
• amaprotheni - 19 g
• amanoni - 5.6 g
• umlotha - 1,2 g
• amanzi - 74.2 g
• cholesterol - 80 mg.

Ngenxa yamaprotheni wokugaya kalula, umuntu ugcwala ngokushesha futhi uyeke ukuzwa indlala.

I-Fillet iqukethe ama-acid abalulekile anama-acid, kanye nezakhi ezibalulekile zamaminerali namavithamini:

• phosphorus kanye chlorine,
• potassium nesibabule
• iodine nesodium
• i-magnesium ne-molybdenum,
• i-calcium ne-nickel
• i-fluorine ne-cobalt,
• chromium kanye manganese,
• ithusi, i-iron, i-zinc,
• H (biotin),
• D (calciferol)
• B1 (thiamine),
• B2 (riboflavin),
• B5 (pantothenate),
• I-B6 (pyridoxine),
• B9 (folic acid),
• B12 (cyanocobalamin),
• I-PP (i-niacin elilinganayo),
• E (tocopherol),
• C (ascorbic acid).

Salmon ebhemile, ebhemisiwe

I-salmon yasePacific eyomile elangeni ibhekwa njengento ebusayo futhi ingahlobisa noma iliphi itafula.

Izinhlanzi ezibomvu, kokubhema okushisayo nokubandayo kufanelekile. Ekhaya, kulula kakhulu ukupheka i-chum ebhemayo eshisayo.

Amaqhinga Wokupheka:

1. Sebenzisa izinhlanzi ezisanda kubanjwa; izidumbu ezifriziwe azizinhle.
2. Hlanganisa njalo amafutha omnqumo nejusi kalamula ku-marinade.
3. Phunga inhlanzi yonke ngokususa ama-gill bese ubeka iqabunga le-bay endaweni yabo.
4. Musa ukubeka izinongo eziningi ezahlukahlukene, ukuze ungaphazamisi ukunambitheka.
5. Isoso noma usawoti omuncu futhi omuncu kufanelekile ukusebenzela.

Qhathanisa nezinye izinhlanzi

Phakathi kwabathandi bokudla kwasolwandle, kunenkulumompikiswano ngokuthi ngabe zonke izinhlanzi ezibomvu zinempilo ngokulinganayo futhi zilungele ukudliwa. Cabanga ngokufana nokwehluka okuyinhloko.

Ungayikhetha futhi uyigcine kanjani

Umthengi ongenalwazi uvame ukuthatha i-salmon eshibhile ye-chum salmon. Ukuze ungakhohliswa, lapho ukhetha, lalela lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

1. Isidumbu sonke salmon yasePacific esiqhubeka kuthengiswa sinesisindo esisuka ku-3 kuye ku-7 kg, kanti isisindo salmon esipinki siyahlukahluka kusuka ku-700 g kuya ku-2,5 kg.
2. Ukuba khona kwe-hump emhlane kukhombisa ukuthi une-salmon epinki.
3. Uma inhlanzi inqunywa ku-steaks, kufanele unake umbala wenyama. Ku-chum salmon upinki okhanyayo, ku-salmon epinki upende.

Thenga umkhiqizo okhwalithi kuphela. Ukuvuselela kulula ukufaka:

1. Ngephunga. Ukuhogela kufanele kube lula, kungabi nause.
2. To touch. Isikhumba somile, ngaphandle kwamabala egazi, angambozwa nge-mucus.
3. Ngokuqina. Uma sicindezelwa emzimbeni, akukho dent esele, ifomu libuyiselwa ngokushesha.
4. Emehlweni. Kufanele zibe sobala futhi zikhanye.

Imiphi imikhiqizo ehlanganiswe

Uginindela wesalmon yasePacific ugayeka kalula, awenzi esiswini sibe nzima. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki ngokuzumayo, kufanele udle inyama ebomvu yezinhlanzi kahle, uyixube kuphela nokudla okufanele.

Izici zokupheka

Ukuze ungabhubhisi umkhiqizo futhi ulungiselele ukunambitha kwe-chum salmon, sebenzisa izincomo zethu:

1. I-Keta akuyona inhlanzi enamafutha, ngakho-ke lapho uyithambisa ilahlekelwa yi-juiciness yayo bese iba yome. Sebenzisa umswakama ukusindisa umswakama. Indlela engcono yokupheka ngosiwa.
2. Marinate izinhlanzi kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-15 ngaphambi kokupheka. Ukhukhamba ongcono kakhulu ngamafutha omnqumo nge-thyme, i-rosemary nejusi kalamula. Ukhilimu omuncu omuncu uzokonakalisa ukunambitheka.
3. Ukuvimbela i-fillet ukuthi ingaqhekeki, bamba imizuzu engu-4-5 ku-brine ngesilinganiso se-2 tsp. usawoti ku-500 ml wamanzi, yomile ngethawula lephepha.
4. Iphunga lezinhlanzi elishiwoyo lithambisa amazambane abekwe epanini noma ekhasini lokubhaka eliseduze ne-chum.
5. Ukuhlanza isidumbu sesikali namapheya, uthele amanzi abilayo phezu kwawo bese usinciphisa imizuzu emi-3 emanzini afudumele weviniga ngesilinganiso se-3 tbsp. uviniga ilitha elilodwa lamanzi.
6. Thawha izinhlanzi emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni ngaphandle kokuzifaka emanzini afudumele noma ngokusebenzisa i-microwave. Ngakho-ke ukunambitheka kuzogcinwa.

Ukupheka okulula, okudumile

Sinikezela ukulungiselela izitsha zezinhlanzi ezilungele itafula yansuku zonke nemikhosi.

Steam Chum Steak

Ekuphekeni, sisebenzisa i-boiler ephindwe kabili noma isipheki esisheshayo, kodwa ipani elijwayelekile nesitsha esikhethekile esinezimbobo ezansi ngaphansi kokubanjiswa kuzokwenza.

Izithako:

• i-chum salmon steaks - ama-4 ama-PC.,
• ubhontshisi oluhlaza - 200 g,
• izaqathe - 1 pc.,
• i-broccoli - 100 g
• ulamula - 1 pc.,
• usawoti, upelepele omnyama ukunambitha,
• irosemary - 1 isipidi.

1. Inhlanzi enosawoti, upelepele ezinhlangothini zombili.
2. Cwilisa ujusi kalamula, cwilisa izingwebe.
3. Faka irosemary bese ugoba imizuzu eyi-10.
4. Sika izaqathe ku-cubes, uhlukanise i-broccoli kuma-inflorescence.
5. Esitsheni somusi, sakaza ubhontshisi, izaqathe eziphezulu nezinhlanzi, naphakathi kwezimbotshana sibeka i-broccoli.
6. Pheka imizuzu engu-15 ukuya kwengama-20, ukhonze ngesitsha secala selayisi.

I-Chum salmon cutlets

Amaqebelengwane enhlanzi amnandi azothakazelisa ngisho nama-gourmet afunwa kakhulu.

Izithako:

• i-chum salmon fillet - 500 g,
• isinkwa crumb - 150 g,
• ubisi lwe-chum - ama-2 ama-PC.,
• izaqathe - 1 pc.,
• anyanisi - ama-2 ama-PC.,
• iqanda - 1 pc.,
• ubisi - 150 ml
• ugarliki - ama-2 clove,
• ufulawa - 2 tbsp.,
• uwoyela wokupheka wokuthosa,
• usawoti, izinongo - ukunambitha.

1. Cwilisa imvuthuluka yesinkwa obisini imizuzu eyi-10.
2. Fafaza izaqathe, gazinga emafutheni omnqumo.
3. Sidlulisa inyama yenhlanzi ngobisi no-anyanisi ngokusebenzisa i-grinder yenyama.
4. Endishini ejulile, hlanganisa inyama egayiwe, isinkwa, izaqathi.
5. Faka iqanda, izinongo, cwilisa ugarliki ngokucindezela.
6. Beat ingxube ephumayo nge-blender kuze kube bushelelezi.
7. Sishisa ipani, sigcoba ngamafutha.
8. Ngezandla ezimanzi, sakha ama-cutlets, sifafaze ngefulawa bese sisakaza epanini. Musa ukumboza, ukuze okuhlanganayo kunganamatheli.
9. Fry phezu kokushisa okuphakathi kuze kube nsundu wegolide.
10. Khonza ngendishi eseceleni yemifino.

I-Classic chum salmon kuhhavini

Kwethulwa indlela yendabuko yokubhaka i-salmon kuhhavini.

Izithako:

• i-chum salmon steaks - ama-5 ama-PC.,
• anyanisi - ama-3 ama-PC.,
• utamatisi - ama-3 ama-PC.,
• ujusi kalamula - 100 ml,
• amafutha e-olive - 3 tbsp.,
• ushizi onzima - 200 g
• usawoti, upelepele omnyama, i-thyme, i-rosemary.

1. Endishini, hlanganisa uwoyela we-olive nezinongo, amakhambi, ujusi kalamula.
2. Thela kancane izimbotshana ngosawoti bese ucwilisa kule marinade imizuzu engu-15 ukuya kwengama-20.
3. Sinquma u-anyanisi emasongweni amasentimitha, utamatisi emibuthanweni.
4. Preheat kuhhavini abe ngama-degrees angama-180.
5. Sifaka izinhlanzi ezansi kwifomu eligcina ukushisa, zifafaze nge-anyanisi phezulu bese ubeka utamatisi.
6. Mboza nge-foil, thumela ukubhaka imizuzu engama-35.
7. Imizuzu eyi-10 ngaphambi kokupheka, susa u-foil bese uthele ushizi ogayiwe emifino.
8. Lapho ungqimba ongaphezulu usenziwe onsundu, sisusa inhlanzi kuhhavini.
9. Khonza ngelayisi noma njengesitsha esizimele.

Ungasawoti kanjani ekhaya

Ukuze inhlanzi ingaphenduki yomile, kungcono ukuthatha izidumbu ezingagcwele usawoti wasekhaya bese uzisike wena.

Akuzona zonke izinongo ezifanele izinhlanzi ezibomvu. Sebenzisa izinongo ezikhulisa ukunambitheka komkhiqizo:

• imbewu yesinaphi
• Ihlamvu le-bay,
• irosemary,
• i-nutmeg,
• iparsley eyomile
• i-thyme,
• caraway,
• amabhantshi
• ikhoramu yonke
• peas allspice.

Uma isikhathi sokupheka sinqunyelwe, le ndlela kasawoti izosiza noma yimuphi umama wekhaya.

• i-fillet - 1 kg,
• ushukela - 2 tbsp.,
• usawoti - 2 tbsp.,
• ujusi kalamula - wezipuni ezi-5,
• allspice - ama-7 ama-PC.,
• iqabunga le-bay - ama-2 ama-pcs.

1. Sigeza imfucuza ehlanziwe emathanjeni, sinqunywe sibe yimichilo engu-0.7-1 cm ubukhulu
2. Hlanganisa usawoti, ushukela, izinongo.
3. Hlanganisa izingcezu ngenhlanganisela ephumayo bese ubeka izingqimba endishini.
4. Thela ungqimba ngamunye ngejusi kalamula.
5. Mboza ngepuleti, setha imishini bese ushiya imizuzu engama-40 ekushiseni kwegumbi.
6. Sisusa izithako esele nosawoti, sinikele etafuleni.

• i-chum - 1 kg,
• amafutha e-olive - 2 tbsp.,
• usawoti - 2 tbsp.,
• ushukela - 1 isipuni,
• ugarliki - ama-3 clove,
• ama-clove - ama-4-5 ama-PC.,
• iqabunga le-bay - ama-2 ama-pcs.

1. UKetu uthathe izingcezu ezisisi-1.5-2 cm ubukhulu.
2. Sika ugarliki ube izingcezu, ugcwalise izinhlanzi.
3. Hlanganisa ushukela nosawoti, uthele ucezu ngalunye.
4. Faka kahle esitsheni esijulile, ufafaze ngezinongo.
5. Thela i-olive yama-olive bese umboza ngesembozo noma ngepuleti yedigri elincane kunezitsha ezinenhlanzi.
6. Setha umthwalo phezulu. Ibhodlela lamanzi lizokwenza.
7. Shiya ihora elingu-1, bese ususa umthwalo, uhlanganise i-fillet.
8. Mboza, thumela esiqandisini amahora angu-1.5.