Ngenxa yokuthi more and more isicabucabu se-tarantula ubonakala emizini yabathandi bezilwane ezihlukile, isithakazelo kuye siyakhula. Ukubukeka okubonakalayo nomlingiswa ongalindeleki kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukuthi ubukeka kanjani isicabucabu se-tarantula esithombeni. Lawa ngama-arthropods amakhulu, omzimba wawo umbozwe ngezinwele ezinzima.
Spider tarantula Theraphosinae
Umbala we-Tarantula kuya ngezinhlobo, kepha esikhathini esiningi ziba nsundu noma ziphuzi, kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo zesigcawu, imilenze yazo ipendiwe ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngaphambi kokuncibilika, isicabucabu sithola umbala omnyama ogcwele, kepha siphele, siphinde sishintshe.
Abesilisa badlula abesilisa. Abantu abadala bafika ku-25 cm, becabanga ngezingalo. Okukhulu kunakho konke okubhalwe phansi kukhona tarantula goliath Kusukela ngo-1965, kubhalwe encwadini yamarekhodi ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuhlaba umxhwele. Kanye nezitho zomzimba kungama-28 cm.
Isigcawu se-tarantula goliath
Ngawo wonke molt omusha tarantula anda ngosayizi. Ngaphambi kokuncibilika, isicabucabu senqaba ukudla isikhathi eside. Ngemuva kokuncibilika, imilenze yesicabucabu iba yinde, futhi isisu siyancipha.
Kuthunyelwe ama-tarantulas alele emhlane wabo. Kwesinye isikhathi ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa isicabucabu singakwazi ukukhulula iligi elilodwa noma amabili “esikhunjeni” esidala, bese siyawalahla. Kepha ngemuva kwama-molting ama-3-4, izinyawo ezilahlekile zibuyiselwa ngokuphelele.
Isikhathi sokuphila se-tarantulas phakathi kochwepheshe kwesinye isikhathi asibalwa ngeminyaka, kepha ngenani lama-molts. Ngakho-ke, uma njengesilwane esikhethiwe thenga isicabucabu se-tarantula kuyalandela, kugxilwe ngqo kulesi sikhombisi. Ekuqaleni kokuphila futhi ngaphansi komsoco omuhle, ancipha kaningi. Izinsikazi ezindala azidluli kanye ngonyaka.
ITarantula Spider Poecilotheria metallica
Noma ngikhuluma ngeminyaka, kufanelekile ukuthi kuthiwe ama-tarantulas abesifazane abe yiminyaka eyikhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, abanye baphila iminyaka engama-20, kepha abanye abantu basinda baye kuma-30. Yini engashiwo ngabesilisa. Imvamisa baphila isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, kanti kuphela ngabagadli abangahlala iminyaka emi-5.
Ukuba yisidlakudla esiqinile, lesi sicabucabu asikenzi ngokuvumelana negama laso. Baqale ukumbiza nge-tarantula ngenxa yokuqoshwa komseshi waseJalimane uMaria Sibylla Merian, obekhombisa isicabucabu sidla i-hummingbird.
Ngokwemvelo, ama-tarantulas awaluki i-cobwebs ukuze athole ukudla. Balinda ngesineke isisulu, bese behlasela ngokushesha. Ngendlela efanayo abazingela ngayo futhi ama-tarantulas asekhaya. Akunconywa ukuthi ubondle ngenyama, lokhu kungavusa isifo sesilwane.
Ama-tarantulas asuka ngokudla adla amaqhude emabula, izibungu ze-zoobus, izibungu zegazi, amasele amancane, isikhonyane nezinhlanga. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukudla kungabi ngaphezu kwesicabucabu ngosayizi. Ngokufanelekile, lapho ukudla kuyingxenye ye-tarantula, ngaphandle kwalokho isicabucabu asilinge sikuthinte.
Isicabucabu se-tarantula emnyama
Ifaka ubuthi, isicabucabu sibulala inyamazane. Ubopha isinambuzane esingafakwanga ngama-cobwebs futhi ngokusebenzisa ukuluma kuvumela ujusi wesisu kuso. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ukufakwa okuthambile kuthambisa kancane kancane yisicabucabu. Inqubo yokuthi ungadla kanjani izosiza ukucabanga isicabucabu se-tarantula kuvidiyo. Umbono omangazayo uyaqala.
Indawo yokuhlala yama-tarantulas
Ochwepheshe bahlukanisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-700 zalesi spider. Kepha okusemqoka izinhlobo zama-tarantulas behlukaniswa ngokuya ngendawo abahlala kuyo. Izimo zempilo yakhe e-terrarium zincike ekutheni yisiphi isicabucabu esingesakhe.
Ama-terantrial tarantulas avame kakhulu emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo aseNingizimu Melika nase-Asia, kepha kwesinye isikhathi angatholakala nasemazweni ase-Europe ashisayo. Lezi zicabucabu zingmba izimbobo enhlabathini enomswakama, zizisonge ku-cobwebs. Lesi sici kufanele sibhekwe lapho uhlela i-terrarium yama-tarantulas anjalo.
Ama-tarantulas avuthayo athanda isimo sezulu esinomswakama sase-Australia naseNew Zealand noma e-Afrika eyomile. Okwezindlu, khetha imisele ebishiywe yamagundane amancane noma bambe indawo yokuhlala. Shiya ikhaya labo kuyaqabukela futhi ebusuku kuphela. Ngalesi sizathu, le tarantula ingumfanekiso obaluleke ngokukhethekile, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukwenza isithombe.
Ukuya ekuzingeleni noma ekuhlawulweni, sonke isikhathi sokuphonsa ama-tarantulas azizwa kahle endaweni yawo yokuhlala. Le nhlobo ayinasidingo esikhulu sokuyigcina ekhaya, ngoba ngeke ikwazi ukuyigcina njalo.
Kepha uma noma kunjalo, ukhetho selumfikele, i-substrate, okuvame kakhulu ukuthi ichotshoziwe amagxolo kakhukhunathi, kufanele ithululelwe kungqimba yokuthi tarantula yasekhaya Ngikwazile ukwakha i-mink ejulile. Futhi kufanele kudliwe ebusuku, ukuze ungaphazamisi ama-biorhythms wemvelo we-arthropod.
E-Asia naseMelika, ama-tarantulas ezinhlobo zezihlahla akhetha amahlathi anomswakama ukuze aphile. Izicabucabu zesihlahla zase-Afrika zihlala kahle ezihlahleni ezisezindaweni ezomile. Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi abantu abadala kuphela abahlala ezihlahleni, kuyilapho abantu abasha bephila impilo esekwe emhlabeni.
Lapho uhlela ithala lokugcwala izicabucabu zalesi zinhlobo, ngaphezu kwesendlalelo esincane sendawo engaphansi komhlaba, kuyadingeka ukuletha amagatsha ahlukahlukene noma i-Driftwood. Lezi zimo zizotholwa ngethala elime mpo, ububanzi bawo obuphindwe ka-2 ubukhulu besicabucabu.
Ingabe kufanelekile ukwesaba ama-tarantulas?
Ukulunywa kwalesi spider esikhulu kubulala amagundane amancane. Kunezimo lapho amakati asekhaya efa ngokulunywa yi-tarantula. Kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi zingadala ingozi enkulu empilweni yengane.
Abesifazane banolaka ikakhulukazi esigabeni esisebenzayo sokuba ngumama. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi futhi akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ukusabela kwesicabucabu ezenzweni ezingenangozi neze futhi ezijwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, akunconywa ukuyithatha ngezandla zakho. Ngaphambi kokuthi avele endlini thenga i-tarantula Awudingi kuphela i-terrarium kuphela, kepha futhi nama-tweezers amade wokukhwabanisa okuhlukahlukene ngesicabucabu.
Ubuthi bobuthi be-tarantula buxhomeke ezinhlobonhlobo zawo. Kumuntu omdala, ukulunywa yi-tarantula akuyona ingozi kunokuba ukuluma kwe-wasp. Ubuhlungu obuvuthayo obufanayo nokuvuvukala okuncane. Kepha ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ikakhulukazi, imiphumela yobuthi obunobuthi ingabonakala ngendlela yokulahlekelwa ukwazi, umkhuhlane, ukugabha, kanye nesimo esidonsayo.
Ngaphezu kokulunywa, usongo olungaba khona yi-villi emboza umzimba wesicabucabu. Amaphaphu asheshe asuse i-villi ebusweni besisu ngaphansi kwengcindezi ividiyo ye-tarantula kukhombisa ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani.
Ukungena esikhunjeni, ubuthi kungabangela ukusha nokuvela komzimba. Ukuxhumana kwe-villi ngamehlo kubangela umuzwa ovuthayo osebenzayo ongahambi amahora amaningi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinsuku.
Kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube imbangela yokuphazamiseka okungabonakali naphakade. Uma usongo olungenzeka empilweni lungamesabisi umnikazi wekusasa, futhi ukubukeka kwe-tarantula okungaxakile akusethusi, ungasithola isilwane esinjalo ngokuphepha.
I-Tarantula Spider Habitat
Lezi zicabucabu zingatholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Bathanda ukufudumala kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Emazweni ashisayo, kufinyelela izinhlobo ezingama-600 zomndeni wama-tarantula. Ikakhulu iningi lazo zitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMelika, eNingizimu kanye naseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, i-Australia, New Zealand, amahlathi ashisayo aseCeylon, eNdiya naseziqhingini zase-Indian naseWestern Pacific. Akuvamile, kepha ama-tarantulas aqhamuka eYurophu (e-Italy, eningizimu yeSpain, ePortugal).
Isicabucabu seTarantula
Isicabucabu seTarantula, noma i-tarantula, inokubukeka okukhumbulekayo futhi okumibalabala kakhulu. Lesi sinambuzane sikhulu impela ngosayizi, sinemilenze emide, enoboya nombala ogqamile, lapho kuthi ngomshini ngamunye owalandelayo kugqame kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lwesicabucabu luhlukaniswe ngama-subspecies amaningi. Kodwa-ke, zonke zithathwa njengezinobuthi, ngezinga elithile noma kwelinye.
Kumuntu osekhulile, onempilo, ukulunywa kwabo akunakwenzeka ukuthi kubulawe, kepha kungavusa usizi, isicanucanu, ukugabha, ukuvuvukala, umkhuhlane, ukusabela okukhulu komzimba. Kumuntu osekhulile, obuthakathaka, noma ingane, isilwane esincane, ukulunywa kwalesi sinambuzane kungabulala.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Photo: Tarantula Spider
Lesi sicabucabu singokwezinambuzane ze-arthropod, simelele isigaba se-arachnids, ukuhleleka kwezicabucabu, umndeni wesicabucabu - tarantulas. Igama lalesi spider esinobuthi livela emdwebeni womdwebi waseJalimane uMaria Sibylla Merian, obekhombisa isicabucabu sihlasela i-hummingbird. Naye ngokwakhe wayengufakazi kulesi siqephu, akwazi ukusibona ngesikhathi ehleli eSuriname.
Lezi zicabucabu zingokwama-arachnids asendulo. Emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, imvamisa zibalwa njengama-tarantulas. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungenxa yokungahumushi okungalungile, okungaqondile ngokuphelele kwegama labo. Ososayensi abaningi nabaphenyi bakubona kufanelekile ukwahlukanisa ama-tarantulas esigabeni esihlukile sezinambuzane, njengofezela.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Goliyati tarantula spider
Isicabucabu se-tarantula sinokubukeka okuhle, okuhlelekile. Unemilenze emide embozwe nge-villi eqinile, ewugqinsi. Benza umsebenzi wezitho zokuthinta nezokuhogela.
Ngokungabonakali, umbono uthi ama-arthropods anezimbambo eziyisithupha zamalumbo, kepha uma ubhekisisa kakhulu, kuzocaca ukuthi lesi spider sinemilenze emine kuphela. Lawa ama-paws, elinye iwele eliwela i-chelicera, elisetshenziselwa ukumba izimbobo, ukuvikela, ukuzingela nokuhambisa inyamazane ebanjiwe kanye nama-pedipalps, asebenza njengezitho zokuthinta. I-Chelicerae, lapho kukhona izindunduma zezindlala ezinobuthi, ziqondiswa phambili.
Okunye okubhalwe phansi kukhulu impela, kufinyelela amasentimitha angama-27-30. Ngokwesilinganiso, ubude bomzimba womuntu oyedwa osekhulile ukusuka ku-4 kuya ku-10-11 amasentimitha, ngaphandle kobude bezinyawo. Isisindo somzimba esijwayelekile singama-60-90 amagremu. Kodwa-ke, kukhona abantu osayizi babo abafinyelela ku-130-150 amagremu.
Ngasinye isizinda saloluhlobo sinombala okhanyayo futhi oqondile kakhulu. Nge-molt ngayinye elandelayo, umbala uya ukhanya futhi ugcwele ngokwengeziwe.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: Ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa, hhayi umbala kuphela ogqama futhi ugcwala ngokwengeziwe, kodwa futhi nosayizi womzimba uyakhuphuka. Abanye abantu okwamanje sokuncibilikisa bangakhuphuka kathathu kuya kane!
Kwesinye isikhathi lapho kusenziwa incibilikisi, isicabucabu sehluleka ukukhulula izitho. Ngokwemvelo, banikezwe amandla okubalahla. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwama-molts amathathu noma amane abuyiselwa futhi.
Umzimba we-arthropod uqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: i-cephalothorax nesisu, ezixhunywe komunye nomunye yi-isthmus eminyene. Izingxenye zomzimba zimbozwe nge-exoskeleton eminyene - i-chitin. Isendlalelo esinje esivikela sivikela ama-arthropods ekulimaleni kwemishini futhi sisiza ukuvikela ukulahleka komswakama ngokweqile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kulezi zinambuzane ezihlala ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile.
I-cephalothorax ivikelekile ngesihlangu esibalulekile esibizwa ngeKarapas. Ngaphambili kwaso kukhona amabhangana amane wamehlo. Indlela yokugaya kanye nohlelo lokuzala itholakala esiswini. Ekupheleni kwesisu kukhona okufakwayo okuvumela ukhula lwesicabucabu.
Sihlala kuphi isicabucabu se-tarantula?
Isithombe: Isicabucabu esiyingozi se-tarantula
Izicabucabu zeTarantula zivame kakhulu emvelweni futhi ziphila cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Okuhlukile kuyindawo yase-Antarctica kuphela. Okucishe kufane nakwezinye izifunda, izicabucabu zitholakala eYurophu.
Izindawo zesifunda zokuhanjiswa kwama-arthropods:
Indawo yendawo enqunywe kakhulu yizinhlobo zezilwane. Ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo zibekezelela isomiso futhi zihlala ogwadule ngesimo sezulu esishisayo nesishisayo. Abanye bakhetha izindawo ezinamahlathi ashisayo noma anenkabazwe. Ngokuya ngemvelo nohlobo lwendawo yokuhlala, izicabucabu zihlukaniswe izigaba eziningana: imisele, ukhuni kanye nomhlaba. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, bahlala ezigodini, ezihlahleni noma ezihlahleni, noma ebusweni bomhlaba.
Kuyimpawu ukuthi ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene zokukhula kwabo, izicabucabu zingashintsha isithombe nendawo yokuhlala. Izibungu ezihlala emigodini kulesi sigaba, lapho zifinyelela ebusheni, ziphuma emigodini bese zichitha isikhathi sazo esiningi ebusweni bomhlaba. Ama-tarantulas amaningi, akhetha ukuhlala emigodini, azimba ngokwawo futhi awaqinise, azilume ngama-cobwebs. Kwezinye izimo, imisele yemicibisholo emincane edliwe yisicabucabu ingahlala. Izicabucabu ezihlala ezihlahleni noma ezihlahleni zingakha amapayipi akhethekile kusuka kuwebhu.
Ngenxa yokuthi izicabucabu zibhekwa njenge-arthropods ezihlala phansi, zisebenzisa isikhathi sabo esiningi ezindaweni zokukhosela ezikhethiwe noma ezenziwe. Abantu besifazane abaye baziqinisa ngokuqinile futhi baziqinisa kahle bangange bashiye izindawo zabo zokukhosela izinyanga eziningana.
Manje uyazi ukuthi ihlala kuphi isicabucabu se-tarantula, manje ake sibheke ukuthi i-tarantula ingondliwa kanjani.
Ngabe sidlani isicabucabu se-tarantula?
Photo: Poison Tarantula Spider
Izinambuzane azivami ukudla inyama, kepha zithathwa njengezidlayo futhi zidla ukudla okuyisilwane kuphela. Izici ezihlelekile zendlela yokugaya zidinga ukudla okugayeka kalula, okuntekenteke.
Okusebenza njengesisekelo sokudla sama-tarantulas:
- izinyoni
- namagundane amancane nama-invertebrates,
- izinambuzane
- ama-arthropods amancane, kufaka phakathi izicabucabu,
- inhlanzi
- ama-amphibians.
Izitho zokugaya zihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi zingakwazi ukubhekana nenyama yenkukhu. Kodwa-ke, emvelweni kukhona impela amacala okuhlaselwa kwesicabucabu kuzinyoni ezincane. Ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kwama-tarantulas izinambuzane ezincane - amaphuphu, izimpophoma zegazi, izimpukane, ama-arthropods. Izihlobo ze-arachnids nazo zingaba isisulu.
Ama-Tarantulas awakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi izinambuzane ezisebenzayo, ngakho-ke, ukuze abambe inyamazane yawo, ngokuvamile alinda inyamazane yawo. Ngenxa yezinwele ezisezingeni eliphakeme, zizwa zonke ukunyakaza kwezisulu ezingaba khona. Bayakwazi nokuthola usayizi nohlobo lomuntu ohlukunyezwayo. Lapho esondela ngangokunokwenzeka, isicabucabu sihlasela ngejubane lombani, sifake ubuthi kuso.
Ngesikhathi lapho izicabucabu zilambe kakhulu, zingasukela isisulu, noma zigasele ngokucophelela zize zifinyelele kubanga elingaphezulu kakhulu. Izicabucabu ezisanda kuqhamuka emaqanda azizweli izindlala nezidingo zomsoco.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Tarantula Spider
Isicabucabu se-tarantula siholela endleleni yokuphila yodwa. Bajwayele ukusebenzisa iningi lesikhathi ezindaweni zabo ezikhethiwe. Uma izicabucabu zigcwele, kungenzeka zingashiyi indawo yazo yokuhlala izinyanga ezimbalwa. Lezi zinhlobo zesicabucabu zibonakaliswa yodwa, impilo yokuhlala. Uma kunesidingo, izicabucabu zishiya indawo yazo yokuhlala ikakhulukazi ebusuku.
Lolu hlobo lwe-arthropod lubonakala ngokuziphatha okungalindeleki, kanye nokushintsha kwemikhuba ngaphezulu kwemijikelezo yempilo ehlukahlukene. Lapho ukhetha indawo yokukhosela, izicabucabu zithanda ukubekwa eduze kwezimila ukuze kwandiswe amathuba okuthola umthombo wokudla. Izicabucabu zabantu abadala ezihlala emiqheleni yezihlahla zinekhono elingcono kakhulu lokususa amakhandlela.
Enye yezinqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yazo zonke i-arthropod iyancibilika. Abantu abasha molt cishe njalo ngenyanga. Lapho isicabucabu sesiya ngokuya sikhula, kulapho okuvame ukwenzeka khona i-molt. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, iphakethe likhula, lithuthukisa umbala walo. Ngaphambi kokuba i-molting iqale, izicabucabu ziyeka ukudla ukwenza kube lula ukuzikhulula kwimbobo ecijile ye-chitinous. Imvamisa, ama-arthropods agibela emhlane ukuze akhulule amagobolondo awo kalula futhi ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ama-Tarantulas athathwa njengabasubathi ngokufanele esikhathini sokuphila. Abanye abantu basinda kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30. Isilinganiso sokuphila esijwayelekile siyiminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengama-22. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuhlaba umxhwele, ama-tarantulas anezitha eziningi lapho ehlala ezimweni zemvelo.
Ama-Arthropod anezinto zokuvikela zokuzivikela:
- ukuhlaselwa kwezimbi
- ukulunywa ubuthi
- evutha i-villi esiswini.
Ngosizo lwezinwele, abantu besifazane bavikela inzalo yabo yesikhathi esizayo. Bazifaka kwiwebhu, ebopha ikhukhunathi. Isikhali esisebenzayo esusa izitha ukugeleza kokukhipha izidumbu kuqonde esweni lesitha.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Big Tarantula Spider
Abesilisa bavuthwa ngokushesha okukhulu kunabesifazane, kodwa, isikhathi sabo sokuphila siphansi kakhulu kunesabesifazane. Umuntu wesilisa uphila isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, futhi uma ekwazi ukuganana nowesifazane, khona-ke uphila okuncane kakhulu.
Abesilisa banezingwegwe ezikhethekile, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-tibial. Ngosizo lwabo, abesilisa bagcina izintokazi, ngasikhathi sinye zivikele kuzo, ngoba senqubekweni yokuzalela, izintokazi azilindelekile, futhi zinolaka impela. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokufuna umlingani ofanele, abesilisa bafake iwebhusayithi ye-lady, lapho kugcinwa khona inani elincane lamanzi ohudo. Ngemuva kwalokho babamba onqenqemeni lwewebhu ngemilenze nangesandla.
Noma insikazi itholakala kumlingani ongaba naye, ukuzwana akuvelanga ngaphandle kokwenza amasiko akhethekile. Ngosizo lwabo, ama-arthropods athole ukuthi angamalungu ezinhlobo ezifanayo noma cha. Uhlobo ngalunye luboniswa ngemicikilisho ekhethekile yokwazi izihlobo: ukuzamazama umzimba, ukushaya izingalo, njll.
Inqubo yokuzalelisa ingaba khona manjalo, futhi ingahlala amahora amaningi. Kuqukethe ukudluliswa kwabesilisa abasebenzisa izigaxa zamakhwapha emzimbeni wokungena emzimbeni wowesifazane. Ngemuva kokuphela kokuthandana, abesilisa bazama ngokushesha ukusuka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, insikazi idla owesilisa.
Kamuva, amaqanda akhiwa emzimbeni wesifazane. Lapho isikhathi sifika, insikazi ibekela amaqanda. Inani lamaqanda lincike ku-subspecies. Owesifazane ungazala kusuka emashumini ambalwa kuya emaqanda ayinkulungwane. Ngemuva kwaloko lowesikati wenta luhlobo lwenkhicubu, lapho afaka khona emacandza akhe bese elufaka emacandza. Le nqubo ihlala ezinsukwini ezingama-20 kuye kwelikhulu.
Ngalesi sikhathi, izintokazi zinolaka ikakhulukazi futhi azilindeleki. Bangakwazi ukuvikela ngentshiseko nangokwesabayo inzalo yesikhathi esizayo, futhi bangadla ngaphandle kokungabaza uma bezwa imizwa enamandla yendlala. Izinyoka zivela ku-cocoon, okuthi lapho inqubo yokuncibilika ikhule bese iphenduka izibungu, bese iba ngabantu abadala.
Izitha zemvelo zezicabucabu ze-tarantulas
Photo: Poison Tarantula Spider
Ngaphandle kobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele, ukubukeka okumangazayo nokuba khona kwezindlela zokuzivikela, izicabucabu ze-tarantulas zinesibalo esikhulu sezitha ezimweni zemvelo. Bona ngokwabo bavame ukuba yisisulu sezinye izinambuzane. Enye yezitha ezimbi kakhulu zesicabucabu se-tarantula kubhekwa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-scolopendras. Abadli nje kuphela kuma-tarantulas, kodwa nakwezinye, izicabucabu ezinkulu nezinyoka.
I-tarantula imvamisa iba yisisulu sommeleli we-genus ethmostigmus, noma ama-arachnids amakhulu. Ama-amphibians amaningi, kufaka phakathi ixoxo elikhulu, i-frog kwesihlahla esimhlophe, i-toad-aga, njll, nawo ahlukaniswa njengezitha ze-tarantula. amanye ama-invertebrates awahambelani kwesinye isikhathi adla nge-tarantula.
Le nhlobo ye-arachnid iphinde ihlaselwe yizinambuzane eziyizimbaza ezibeka amaqanda emzimbeni wesicabucabu. Ezinyweni zamaqanda kamuva kuvela izibungu ezihluma emzimbeni womgcini, ziwudle zingaphakathi noma ngaphandle. Lapho inani lama-parasites seliba likhulu, isicabucabu simane sife ngenxa yokuthi izibungu ziyidla iphila.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Le arthropod inesincintisanayo esibucayi ngesimo sesicabucabu se-goliath. Ehlelweni lokudla ku-vivo, baphikisana ngenkani.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Isithombe: Isicabucabu se-tarantula besilisa
Kuze kube manje, isicabucabu se-tarantula sibhekwa njengommeleli ojwayelekile wama-arachnids. Zisatshalaliswa cishe yonke indawo. Okuhlukile kune-Antarctica, kanye nezinye izifunda zaseYurophu. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezilwane ezingafani nezinye, kepha azifakwa ohlwini lwezimbali nezilwane ezisohlwini lweNcwadi Ebomvu.
Imicimbi ekhethekile, noma izinhlelo ezihlobene nokuvikelwa kwezicabucabu, azikho kunoma yiliphi izwe emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, lapho izicabucabu zivame kakhulu khona, umsebenzi wolwazi wenziwa nezakhamizi maqondana nokuziphatha lapho uhlangana ne-arthropod enobuthi, ngoba kungaba yingozi enkulu.
Isicabucabu se-tarantula sivame kakhulu emazweni ahlukahlukene omhlaba, njengesilwane esifuywayo. Abafuyi kanye nabathandi bezilwane ezihlukile bahlala beyikhetha. Akekho mhlophe ngokwemibandela yokuboshwa, akavamile futhi futhi abize kakhulu, akadingi noma yiluphi uhlobo lokudla okhethekile. Ukuze uthole isilwane esinjalo esiyingqayizivele, kuyadingeka ukuthi utadishe ngokucophelela imibandela yezimpawu zokunakekelwa nokudla kwayo.
Isicabucabu seTarantula Inokubukeka okucacile, okukhanyayo nobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele. Kujwayelekile cishe kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba. Lapho uhlangana naye, ungakhohlwa ukuthi isicabucabu sinobuthi. Abafuyi bezilwane ezihlukile bayelulekwa ukuba bazijwayeze nezindlela zosizo lokuqala zokulunywa yizinambuzane.
Habitat
Ama-Tarantulas ahlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Ububanzi buhlanganisa yonke i-Afrika, iNingizimu Melika, i-Australia ne-Oceania.
EYurophu, izicabucabu ze-tarantula azivamile, uhla lwazo lubandakanya ingxenye eseningizimu ye-Italy, iSpain nePortugal. Zitholakala njengezinhlobo ezithanda umswakama ezihlala emiqhele yamahlathi akwezinye izindawo, ngokwesibonelo, iCaribena i-versicolor [ umthombo ongagunyaziwe? ] kanye ne-semi-desert engamelana nesomiso I-Chromatopelma cyaneopubescens [ umthombo ongagunyaziwe? ] .
Umsoco
Ama-guarantarant abambelela (aqinile) adliwayo. Ngokuphikisana negama, uhlelo lwabo lokugaya ukudla alwenzelwanga ukondliwa okuhlala njalo kwenyama (izinkukhu). Isisekelo sokudla kwama-tarantulas sakhiwa izinambuzane noma izicabucabu ezincane. Izicabucabu zinamandla amakhulu ngokwanele futhi zingadla ukudla okuhlukahlukene: izimpukane, amaqhude, izimpophoma zegazi, amasele, izinduku ezincane, izinyoni, inhlanzi nokunye okuningi [ umthombo ongagunyaziwe? ]. Ama-tarantulas abheka inyamazane evela ekuqamekelweni, futhi ungasebenzisi iwebhu ukwenza izicupho.
Ukuziphatha
Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zama-tarantulas zithanda ukuhlala emiqheleni yezihlahla, izihlahlana, emaxhaphozini amaqabunga ase bromeliad, ezindlini zokukhosela ezisezingeni lomhlaba noma emiseleni. Kuzo zonke izimpilo zabo, bavame ukuguqula imodeli yabo yokuziphatha; uma izibungu ziziphatha ngendlela ejwayelekile, lapho-ke abantu abadala bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi ebusweni, okuyisimo sezinhlobo zomhlaba. Izicabucabu ezishayo zigaya izindawo zokukhosela emhlabathini, zisebenzisa ama-cobwebs ukuqinisa inhlabathi, ngamapayipi okufaka ukhuni kusuka kuma-cobwebs. Ezimweni eziningi, izicabucabu zisebenza kuphela lapho kusobala ukuthi kunesidingo. Ngisho nezicabucabu ezilambile zingahlala isikhathi eside impela, zilandelela inyamazane yazo lapho zilalele. Izicabucabu ezondleke kahle zivame ukukhombisa umsebenzi omncane ngisho nangaphansi: Ama-tarantulas amadala abantu besifazane ngokuvamile awashiyi ezitolo zawo izinyanga.
Ukuluma kwesicabucabu
Zonke izinhlobo zama-tarantulas ziningi noma zingaphansi kobuthi, uma sikhuluma ngezinhlobo ezingezona ezinobuthi, lokhu kusho mayelana ubuthi obuphansi bobuthi. Ukulunywa kwe-tarantula kumuntu ophile kahle akubulali, kepha akumnandi ngokwedlulele (Ubuhlungu obukhulu, umkhuhlane, ukudangala, izicubu zomsipha, njll.). Ukufa okuqinisekisiwe ngenxa yokulunywa yi-tarantula akwaziwa, kepha abafuyi bezikhathi zamantombazane baphawula amacala okufa kwamakati ezilunywe yizilwane ezifuywayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izicabucabu kufanele zithathwe njengezibulalayo ezinganeni ezincane noma kubantu abane-hypersensitivity yalesi ubuthi - ukuba khona komzimba onobuthi. Ngokuluma, ubuthi abuphathwa kuzona zonke izimo; ukuluma “owomile” kuvame ukuvela.
Izinwele
Futhi, izinwele ezinobuthi ezivikelayo, ezinhlobonhlobo zezicabucabu ezihlanganisa esiswini, zingasebenza njengomthombo wokucasulwa. Izinwele zithathwa yizicabucabu ezivela ekuxinekeni (ekuthunjweni), kepha ngokwemvelo uma kungenzeka kube yingozi noma ukuze zivikeleke, kanye nezicabucabu zifaka izinwele kuwebhu, ngaleyo ndlela zivikele isidleke sazo. Uma izinwele zifika esikhunjeni, emehlweni, emaphashini, kungaba khona ukungahambi kahle komzimba: ukulunywa okungabekezeleleki, izinhlungu emehlweni, ukukhubazeka, ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile. Izimpawu zivame ukunyamalala ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa [ umthombo awucacisiwe izinsuku ezingama-2424 ], kepha uma kwenzeka ukungena kwezinwele emehlweni, ukukhubazeka okubukwayo okungapheli nakho kungenzeka. Abaqondisi besicabucabu se-Amateur bayaphawula ukuthi izinwele ezinobuthi zithuthukiswa kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zasemhlabeni nezisemhlanjeni, ezinhlotsheni eziphansi ngemisele, futhi cishe azikho ezinambini eziningi. Izicabucabu zokhuni azizinyakazisi izinwele ezivikelayo esiswini sazo, kodwa zisebenzise kuphela ngokuxhumana ngqo.
Nymphs noLarvae
Izicabucabu ezisanda kuzalwa ziqandusela emaqandeni, okubizwa ngamagama anamagama okuthiwa ama-nymphs. Ama-nymphs ezimweni eziningi awondli, futhi ngenxa yalokhu, angahlala ndawonye isikhashana - akukho okusongela ukuthi bangaba khona. Lapho-ke i-nymph molt kabili bese iphenduka isibungu, okungukuthi, isicabucabu esiseduze esigcwele se-molt yokuqala. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, ama-nymphs esigaba sokuqala nesesibili. Ngaphandle, ama-nymphs ahluka kancane kubisi. Izicabucabu zibizwa ngokuthi izibungu ngaphambi kokuba zifinyelele ebudaleni.
I-Molting
I-Molting yisinyathelo esibalulekile ekwakheni izicabucabu. Ngesikhathi sokuxhuma, izicabucabu ziphonsa i-exoskeleton yakudala - i-exuvium futhi ingakhula ngosayizi cishe isikhathi esisodwa nesigamu. Zonke izingxenye eziqinile ze-tarantula zanda, kufaka phakathi imilenze, ubude besikhathi esinquma ngosayizi wesigcawu, ngasikhathi sinye, isisu esithambile sincipha kancane, ukukhula kwesisu kwenzeka phakathi kwama-molts.
Uma ucabanga ukuthi isikhathi sempilo kanye nezinga lokukhula kwezicabucabu kuya ngokuya ngezimo, ikakhulu ekushiseni nasekujuleni kokudla, iminyaka yama-tarantulas ivame ukukalwa nge-molt (ebhalwe njengencwadi u-L nenombolo [ umthombo awucacisiwe izinsuku ezingama-2424 ]). Uma ama-tarantulas amancane angancibilika njalo ngenyanga, lapho-ke ukusondela kobudala, isikhathi esiphakathi kwama-molts sikhuphuka. Ama-tarantulas abantu besifazane abadala asondele cishe ngonyaka. E-Russia, lapho kuxhunyaniswa izinombolo, akuyona inkambiso ukubheka i-molt yesicabucabu; nakwamanye amazwe, ukubalwa kwezinombolo kungahluka kancane.
Izicabucabu ze-molt, imvamisa zilele emhlane wazo. Okokuqala, uketshezi lugeleza lusuka esiswini luya kwi-cephalothorax, futhi ngemuva kokukhipha i-carapace, i-cephalothorax entsha iqala ukushiya indawo ebihlala kuyo, bese kuthi isigaba esilinganayo sokudonsa i-chelicera, i-pedipalpus kanye nemilenze yesicabucabu kusuka ku-exuvium yakudala, ngasikhathi sinye igobolondo elidala lesisu esithambile. Kwesinye isikhathi lapho kuncibilika, izicabucabu azikwazi ukwelula umlenze owodwa noma emibili noma izinyawo ezilandelwayo bese ziphoqelelwa ukuba zizilahle. Imilenze elahlekile ibuyiselwa kuma-molts amathathu alandelayo.
Ezikhathini eziphakathi kokuncibilika, izicabucabu zivame ukulahlekelwa izinwele ezivikelayo esiswini. Zibuye zibonakaliswe ngokwenqaba ukondla isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokuncibilikisa, kwizicabucabu ezincane - isonto ngaphambi kokusondela ku-molting, kubantu abadala - kusuka ezinyangeni ezi-1 kuye kwezingu-3.
Izimpawu zokusondela molt:
- ubumnyama besisu
- umnyama ngokuphelele wesicabucabu
- izicabucabu ezinemibala egqamile I-Chromatopelma cyaneopubescens, phakathi kwe-molt yesihlanu neyesithupha, ama-paws abuyele aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Izikhumba ezilahlwa yizinsikazi ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa zinesimo esibonakalayo sesitho sangasese (amaseli wesidoda); lezi zikhumba zisebenza ukunquma ubulili bezicabucabu beminyaka yokuqala ngokunemba.
Izinguquko ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisakuboniswe ngezithombe ezimbalwa. Ngaphambi kokuncibilika, umbala wesicabucabu simnyama, isisu sigcwaliswa kakhulu, ubukhulu besigcawu abukhulu. Emzimbeni wesicabucabu, izinwele ngokuvamile ziba mncane kakhulu; kukhona imivimbo ephelele yezinwele ezigundiwe. Ngemuva kokuncibilika, isicabucabu sanda ngosayizi, sikhanya, izinwele ezimnyama esiswini zibuyiselwe ngokuphelele, isisu asigcwaliswa kangako. Ipeni lesendlalelo libonisa isikali.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ama-Tarantulas - amarekhodi okugcina isikhathi eside phakathi kwawo wonke ama-arthropods asemhlabeni. Isikhathi sokuphila kwezicabucabu sincike kakhulu ebulilini. Abesifazane bahlala isikhathi eside kunabesilisa. Ezimweni eziningi, ama-tarantulas amaduna ngemuva kokuthomba awapheli amandla futhi afe kungakapheli unyaka (izinyanga, uma bekwazi ukuganana nowesifazane), ngenkathi izinsikazi zingahlala iminyaka eminingi, noma amashumi eminyaka. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kwezinye izikhathi (mhlawumbe I-Brachypelma emilia) ungaphila iminyaka engu-30 noma ngaphezulu [ umthombo ongagunyaziwe? ] .
Zonke ezinye izicabucabu zokuphila kuncike ekushiseni kokuqukethwe kanye nobuningi bokuphakelwa - ngokubambezisa ukondla, ungangezelela kancane isikhathi sokuphila, emakhazeni, umetabolism nawo wehlisa ijubane, okufaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni okuhamba kancane.
Ukuzala
Abesilisa bafika ebusheni ngaphambi kowesifazane. Izimpawu zezinsikazi ezindala zezinhlobo eziningi zingama- “bulbs” (cymbium, isitsha esikhethekile esisethangeni) nezikhubalo ze-tibial emaphethelweni angaphambili. Abesilisa abavuthiwe ngocansi bafaka i-sperm-web, lapho kugcotshwa uketshezi lwesiga kanye ne-cymbium igcwaliswe ngalolu ketshezi.
Lapho owesilisa nowesifazane abavuthiwe ngokobulili behlangana, benza uchungechunge lweminyakazo “yenkambiso” eyenzelwe ukukhombisa ukuthi bangabezinhlobo ezifanayo. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, owesilisa ubamba i-chelicerae yesifazane ngezigwegwe ze-tibial futhi, esebenzisa i-pedipalps, udlulisela uketshezi lwesimilo ungene kowesifazane. Ngenkathi yokuzalela nangemva kokuphola, insikazi elambile ingaba nolaka futhi idle owesilisa; uma kwenzeka iphumelela impumelelo, owesilisa uzama ukushiya lowesifazane ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, insikazi ibeka ukhukhunathi, kuya ngohlobo, oluqukethe amaqanda angama-50 kuye kwangama-2000. Ikhukhunathi ivikelwa ngowesifazane amasonto angama-6-7. Sonke lesi sikhathi, insikazi ihlala eduzane nekhukhunathi futhi inolaka kakhulu. Owesifazane futhi "ubopha" i-cocoon: ukudluliselwa futhi ngezikhathi ezithile kuyayiguqula. Okulandelayo, ama-nymphs adonsela amaqanda, ashiya ikhukhunathi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.
Okunye
Njengoba izicabucabu zezinhlobo eziningi zikhula, imibala yazo ishintsha kakhulu. Futhi, izici eziningi zangaphandle ezihlukanisa izinhlobo zama-tarantulas zivezwa buthaka kakhulu kwizibungu zezinhlobo zokuqala, futhi kancane kancane zibonakale ngobudala.
Eminyakeni yamuva, kuye kwaba yimfashini ukugcina ama-tarantulas ekhaya njengezilwane ezifuywayo ezihlukile. Amanye ama-tarantulas abanjwa ngalezi zinhloso ngokwemvelo, kepha amaningi abelwa ngokudingisiwe ekudingisweni. Izicabucabu ziya ngokuya zithandwa ngenxa yobulula nokulula kokuqukethwe [ umthombo awucacisiwe izinsuku ezingama-2424 ], kanye nezindleko ezingabizi kakhulu zokuphakelwa nezicabucabu uqobo (ikakhulukazi izibungu zesicabucabu).
Cishe yonke imininingwane ephathelene ne-biology yama-tarantulas, esaziwa ngayo namuhla, yatholwa ngenxa yokufunda lezo zicabucabu ezazithunjiwe, futhi kwaba yingxenye encane yazo - ngokusho okuqondile ngokuqondile ezindaweni zazo.
ITerrarium
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-terrarium asondelene kakhulu futhi abanzi kakhulu kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu. Isigcawu ngasinye kufanele sigcinwe esitsheni esihlukile, ngoba kunengozi enkulu ye-cannibalism. Ukuhlukile kungenziwa kuphela kuzicabucabu ze-nymph, kanye nangamabili ama-tarantulas ngesikhathi sokuzalela kanye nenani elincane lezinhlobo "zenhlalo". Ezimweni eziningi, i-coconut substrate (amagxolo kakhukhunathi ochotshoziwe) noma i-vermiculite enwetshiwe isetshenziswa njengomhlabathi we-terrarium. Isicabucabu esibhidlizayo sidinga ungqimba olujulile lwangaphansi komhlaba, ngoba lolu hlobo luchitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphansi komhlaba, kodwa kulokhu ngeke uvame ukubona isicabucabu. Kukhona okunye. Ungagcwalisa i-terrarium ngesendlalelo esinjengalesi esingaphansi komhlaba, kepha kufanele unikeze isicabucabu ngesiphephelo, ngokwesibonelo, isigamu sembiza yezimbali, kepha kulokhu lesi sicabucabu ngeke sizizwe sisejwayelekile, futhi ukuqubuka kodlame kungenzeka ngenxa yokwesaba nokuntuleka kwendawo yokuhlala yemvelo. Ukubukeka ngokhuni kudinga ukuba khona kwe-driftwood noma ucezu lwamagxolo njengendawo yokukhosela. Izicabucabu zihambisa kalula ingilazi, ngenxa yalesi sizathu i-terrarium kumele ibe nesivalo.
Ukulima Nokuqeqeshwa
Akunakwenzeka ukuqeqesha noma ukukhipha ama-tarantulas ngomqondo ojwayelekile wegama. Ngisho ne-tarantula ezolile kakhulu ingaluma umnikazi uma ezwa ingozi [ umthombo awucacisiwe izinsuku ezingama-2424 ]. Noma ngomphumela omuhle, izinkinga zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokungezwani nokugwaza kwezinwele zesicabucabu. Kulokhu, akukanconywa ngokwezigaba ukuthatha izicabucabu ezandleni. Abaqondisi besicabucabu abanolwazi balulekisa ukufeza konke ukukhohlisa kudoti ngosizo lwama-tweezers amade. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ama-tarantulas, ayevame ukuthathwa ebuntwaneni, azola ngokwengeziwe kubantu, kepha lokho kuziphatha kufanele kuhunyushwe njengokuphambanisa nje okuncane kokusabela kokuvuselelwa "komuntu".
Imvelaphi yegama
Igama elithi "izicabucabu ze-tarantula" laphakama ngenxa yokuqoshwa okuningana, kudwetshwe umcwaningi waseJalimane - isilwane sezilwane uMaria Sibylla Merian futhi sashicilelwa kususelwa kwimiphumela yokuhlala kwakhe eSuriname (1699-1701) emsebenzini "Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium" (1705), lapho abona khona njenge-tarantula enkulu (Avicularia sp.) ihlasele i-hummingbird esidlekeni.
Izinkinga zokuhumusha ithemu
Ezilimini eziningi zaseYurophu, ama-tarantulas, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zonke izicabucabu ezinkulu, ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi ama-tarantula. NgesiRussia, igama elithi tarantula lisetshenziselwa ukubiza izicabucabu zeqembu elihluke kancane, ikakhulukazi, kufaka phakathi i-tarantula yaseNingizimu ne-Russia, ebhebhetheke eningizimu yeRussia. Kulokhu, ukudideka kuvame ukwenzeka ngokuhumusha okungafundile kwemibhalo. Kumatekisi wesimanje wezobuchwepheshe i-taxa "tarantulas" ne "tarantulas" azihlanganisi, ama-tarantulas ayizicabucabu ze-migalomorphic, kanti ama-tarantulas yi-araneomorphic.
Amanye amaphuzu
- Okukhulu kakhulu kuyabhekwa Theraphosa blondiifinyelela kuma-28 cm emlenzeni span (Guinness Book of Record). Ngokusho kwedatha engaqinisekisiwe, abantu abathile bezinhlobo ezithile, ikakhulukazi I-Theraphosa apophysisingahle ifinyelele emasayizi afanayo noma amakhulu.
- Izicabucabu, ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, zingenqaba ukudla kuze kube iminyaka emi-2.
- Wonke ama-tarantulas afaka iwebhu. Izinhlobo zezinkuni zisebenzisa iwebhu ekwakhiweni kwezindawo zokukhosela (njenge "hammock"), izinhlobo zomhlaba - ukuqinisa inhlabathi. Futhi nangezinye izinhloso: ukufaka ukhukhu amaqanda, "umbhoxo" ngaphambi kokuncibilika, njll.), Noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwewebhu kuma-tarantulas, ikakhulukazi, kanye nezicabucabu ze-migalomorphic (Mygalomorphae) zizonke, ziyindalo engaguquki futhi azikhuliswanga ngalelo banga. , njengasezintweni zesigcawu ezithuthukile ze-araneomorphic (Araneomorphae).
- Ama-Tarantulas asetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-arachnophobia.
- Ezinye izinhlobo zesicabucabu ziyantshontshela ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Umlando wemvelaphi yezinhlobo negama
Okokuqala ngqa ukuthi waziswe emphakathini jikelele njengeqhawe lesithombe. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngekhulu le-XVIII, bambalwa abantu ababekwazi ukuhamba ukusuka eYurophu baye eMelika engajwayelekile. Kepha umculi waseJalimane, uMaria Sibylla Merian, ungomunye wabo. Ekuhambeni kwakhe enyakatho-empumalanga yeNingizimu Melika eSuriname, wabona isimo esijabulisayo, asiveza ngokusobala ku-canvas.
Lesi sithombe sithathwe yisicabucabu, kuhlasela igazi elibandayo lihlasela inyoni encane ye-hummingbird. AbaseYurophu abakholelwa ngokushesha ukuthi ama-arthropods angadla izinyoni noma izilwane ezincane. Kepha ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, le nto yazuza ofakazi abanele. Ngakho-ke isihloko se-tarantulas sasigxishwe ngokuqinile kulolu hlobo lwesicabucabu.
Kuze kube manje, ososayensi bahlukanisa imininingwane eminingi yalawa ma-arthropods, inani lawo, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, lingafinyelela kwimindeni eyinkulungwane.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani isicabucabu se-tarantula?
Namuhla, ama-tarantulas athandwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Bazuza uthando olukhulu phakathi kwabathandi bezilwane ezifuywayo ezihlukile ngokubonakala kwabo okungajwayelekile. Futhi banakho kukhanya kakhulu futhi akukhumbulekanga.
Umzimba nemilenze yama-tarantulas embozwe nge-villi ende. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zingahluka komunye nomunye ngemibala ekhanyayo.
Iyajabulisa! Ngenkathi yokukhula, ubukhulu bemibala yesicabucabu banda kuphela. Lapho indala i-arthropods, umbala wayo ukhanya futhi uhluka ngokwengeziwe.
Njengabo bonke abamele i-arthropod oda, umzimba we-tarantulas uqukethe i-cephalothorax nesisu. Amehlo ayisishiyagalombili atholakala kwi-cephalothorax, futhi kukhona indlala ekhethekile esiswini. Ngenxa yemfihlo yazo, lezi spider ziyakwazi ukuluka iwebhu.
Kwizicabucabu, umzimba umbozwe ngethambo eliqinile. Kuvikela kanyekanye izitho zangaphakathi zesicabucabu, futhi futhi nokusekelwa kwemisipha yemilenze.
Ngenxa yalesi sici, ama-tarantulas akhula kuphela phakathi kwama-molts. Ngale nqubo, balahla i-exoskeleton, namaseli omzimba ngalesi sikhathi ahlukane ngejubane elikhulu kakhulu. Amasayizi womzimba womuntu omdala aqala ku-4 kuye ku-12 cm. A unikezwe usayizi wezinyawo, ama-tarantulas angafika ngisho namasentimitha angama-30.
Iyajabulisa! Ngenxa yobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa, ama-tarantulas kungenzeka angabi nesikhathi sokulahla ulwelwesi lwe-chitinous kusuka emaphethelweni. Ngakho-ke ngokwemvelo banikezwe amandla okulahla izitho “ezingonakele”. Kakade ngomjikelezo we-3-4 wokuncibilika kumuntu omdala, wonke ama-paws enza kabusha. Amahloni anjalo awavamile, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ayenzeka. Abanikazi bezicabucabu ezihlukile kufanele bazi ngalesi sici ukuze bangasabi futhi.
Ekubukeni kokuqala, kungabonakala sengathi iziphetho zama-tarantulas zinamabili ayisithupha. Kodwa empeleni, njengazo zonke izicabucabu ezijwayelekile, zinemilenze eyisishiyagalombili kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlukanisa i-chelicera emibili, esetshenziswa ama-tarantulas ukugaya umhlabathi, ukuhlasela nokudlulisa inyamazane. Ezinye izinhlobo zazo ngaphezu kwalokho zinezindlala ezivalela ubuthi emiseleni. Futhi, izicabucabu zine-pedipalps edlala indima yesitho sokuthinta. Ngosizo lwabo, ama-arthropods atholakala kangcono esikhaleni.
Avicularia aimurea
I-tarantula yaseNingizimu Melika ihlukaniswa ngombala omnyama, omsizayo ukucasha otshanini, emigodini yezihlahla nangaphansi kophahla lwezindlu. Kodwa lapho zivezwa izinwele zezinwele elangeni eliqondile, ziqala ukucwazimula kakhulu imibala onsomi. Lababantu abanolaka, kunalokho bamnene, futhi abathobeki ekunakekeleni nasekudleni. Ngenxa yakho konke lokhu okungenhla, kujwayelekile kakhulu kumabaleki wasekhaya.
Izici zokuziphatha nendlela yokuphila
Izicabucabu zihlala zodwa, zinobusuku. Isikhathi esiningi basendaweni yokukhosela. Umuntu okondliwe kahle angashiyi indawo yakhe yokuhlala izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Ngokungafani nabanye abamele i-arthropod oda, ama-tarantulas angavamile ukusebenzisa ama-cobwebs ukubamba inyamazane yawo. Ubungako obuhlaba umxhwele nezindlala ezinobuthi zivumela izicabucabu ukuba zivikele isisulu ekuphephelweni, bese ziyivikela ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Yize lezi zibucu nezinyamazane zidla, ikakhulukazi ukudla kwazo kuyizinambuzane ezincane, izibungu ezincane nezicabucabu. Ngezinsuku eziphumelelayo, ama-tarantulas angadla ngamathoyizi, ubuhlalu, amagundane, izinyoka ezincane nezinhlanzi. Kepha inyama enjalo kunzima ukuyigaya emgudwini wayo wokugaya ukudla. Ngakho-ke, ama-arthropods akhetha inyamazane encane.
Ama-guaranteed angabanqobi ngokuphelele besikhathi sokuphila phakathi kwezihlobo zawo. Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-arthropods aphila iminyaka engaba ngu-20. Yize abanye babo behlula ngokuthobeka imbangi yeminyaka engamashumi amathathu.
Incazelo Nezici
Isigaba se-arachnids sehlukile futhi sifaka inani elikhulu lezinhlobo. Ososayensi babale ndawo ndawo zonke izinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Izicabucabu zingenye kuphela yamayunithi alesi sigaba, futhi ngaphandle kobukhulu bawo obuncane, akusizi ngalutho ukuthi zithathwa njengezidalwa ezingenangozi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubamele abamele i-infra-oda migalomorphic.
Iminyango yalolu hlobo imvamisa iba yizihlobo zazo ezinkulu, futhi ibuye ihlukane ngesakhiwo se-chelicera yomlomo (igama uqobo lihunyushwe ngokoqobo: izilevu-izindlawu, ezikhuluma okuthile ngenhloso nangokwakheka kwazo). Kulezi zicabucabu, kuhlotshaniswa nezindlala ezinobuthi ezivuleka kuzo, izindunduma.
Umndeni wama-tarantulas uyingxenye yalesi simiso se-infraorder. Amalungu alo makhulu kakhulu. Kwenzeka ukuthi ebangeni lemilenze ubukhulu bawo bufika ku-27 cm futhi budlule ngisho nalezi zinkomba.
Konke izinhlobo zama-tarantulas zinobuthi, kepha zinobuthi obuhlukile. Eminye icishe ayinabungozi, kepha iningi kufanele libhekwe njengeyingozi impela. Njengomthetho, ukuluma kwabo akukona ukubulala umuntu omdala onempilo, kepha kubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu futhi kungadala ukubanjwa umkhuhlane, nomkhuhlane kanye nokuqunjelwa.
Ekuzivikeleni, i-tarantula ingalahla izinwele ezinsikeni zayo, okuholela ekuphendukeni komzimba kubantu
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela obulalayo wobuthi bezidalwa ezichazwe ungaba ezinganeni nasezilwaneni ezincane.
Ngenhlanhla, izinto eziphilayo ezinjengalezi azenzeki eYurophu, ngaphandle kokuthi ezinye izinhlobo zihlala ePortugal, Spain, Italy nasezindaweni eziseduze kwalawa mazwe. Kodwa-ke, maqondana namanye amazwekazi, lapha uhla lwalezizicabucabu lubanzi kakhulu.
Ngemuva kwakho konke, bacishe bagcwele ngokuphelele eningizimu yeMelika nase-Afrika, kukhona indawo ebanzi e-Australia naseziqhingini eziseduze nale ndawo.
Esithombeni tarantula umuntu angabona ukuthi ukubukeka kwezidalwa ezinjalo kuyingqayizivele futhi kuyamangaza. Imilenze emide enoboya bezicabucabu ezinjalo ihlaba umxhwele ngokuqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokubuka nje kuvela ukuthi lezi zidalwa zinezimbambo eziyisithupha zamalungu. Zimbozwe ngezinwele ezikhanyayo, ezikhulu futhi ezibalulekile.
Kepha uma uhlolwa ngokucophelela, ngababili kuphela ababonakala njengemilenze, kanti ezinye izinqubo ezine, ezimfishane futhi zitholakala ngaphambili, zingama-chelicera nalokhu okubizwa nge- pedipalps.
Umbala wesicabucabu esinjalo uyamangala futhi uyamangaza ngemibala yawo exotic, kepha ikakhulukazi umbala we-gamut wombala uba namanzi tarantula molting. Le yinqubo ethokozisa kakhulu futhi ebonakalisayo yezinto eziphilayo ezinje. Imizimba yabo yakhiwe yi-cephalothorax yabo - ingxenye engaphandle nesisu, exhunywe kuphela nge-jumper. Zimbozwe yi-chitin exoskeleton - ulwelwesi olukhethekile.
Lolu luhlaka olugcina umswakama ngesikhathi sokushisa, nanjengesikhali esivikela ekulimaleni. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa, kusethwa kabusha futhi kufakwe okunye. Kepha kunjalo ezikhathini ezinjalo ukuthi isilwane sikhula kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi cishe siphindwe kane sikhulisa imingcele yaso.
Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, ama-tarantulas anganda ngosayizi omkhulu
Izidalwa ezinjalo ziqhosha ngazimbili zamehlo, zitholakala ngaphambili. I-Pedipalps isebenza njengezitho zokuthinta. I-Chelicera isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ekuzingeleni nasekuvikeleni, kepha futhi nasekuphatheni inyamazane nokumba izimbobo.
Nezinwele emilenzeni akufanele zibhekwe kungewona nje umhlobiso. Lezi yizitho ezihlelwe kahle, ngokuzwa kwazo okungokwemvelo, ukuhogela iphunga nemisindo.
Lo mndeni unabamele abaningi, kufaka phakathi imindeni eyishumi nantathu, ehlukaniswe inani elikhulu lezinhlobo (ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni, cishe zingama-143). Izici zabamele babo zinesimo esihle kakhulu, ngakho-ke izinhlobo ezihehayo kakhulu zifanelwe yincazelo ekhethekile.
1. UGoliyati tarantula -isidalwa esidume ngosayizi waso, okubandakanya nobude bemilenze yaso, esingamasentimitha angama-28. Phambilini, isimo esifanayo sezidalwa zeplanethi sasithathwa njengesihulu kunesigcawu
Kepha ukuqala kokuqala kwekhulu le-XXI kuphawulwe ngokutholwa kweHeteropoda maxima - isihlobo sedepho, esihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo futhi singedlula i-goliath ngamasentimitha ambalwa, okusho ukuthi ubukhulu bayo abulinganiselwe.
Umbala wesicabucabu onjalo umdaka, kwesinye isikhathi ube nemibala ebomvu noma ekhanyayo. Izidalwa ezinje zihlala ezixhotsheni zaseNingizimu Melika. Isisindo sabesilisa bezinhlobo zingafinyelela ku-170 g.
UGoliyati uthathwa njengesicabucabu esikhulu kunazo zonke se-tarantula
2. Isicabucabutarantula omnyama nomhlophe brazil. Abamele lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo lincane kancane kunangaphambili. Osayizi bawo ngokuvamile awudluli ku-23 cm. Adume ngokukhula kwawo okukhulu nangokugqamile, nenhle, yize umbala omnyama nomhlophe.
Umlingisi wesicabucabu awucabangi futhi unolaka. Imvamisa izidalwa ezinjalo zifihla phakathi kwamatshe nangaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ziyakhasa ziye ezindaweni ezivulekile.
3. I-Metal tarantula (ukhuni) futhi futhi kuyizinhlobonhlobo eziphawuleka ezitholakala kuphela eningizimu ye-India. Kepha kuleli cala, isicabucabu esivela ku-congeners sivelele hhayi ngobukhulu, sikhula singabi ngaphezu kwama-21 cm, kodwa ngokukhanya futhi siqala, ubuhle obuhle.
Umzimba nezinyawo zakhe ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-tint yensimbi, ihlotshiswe ngamaphethini amahle. Lezi zidalwa, zihlangana ngamaqembu, zihlala phakathi kwezihlahla ezindala ezibolile.
4. Brachypelma Smith Ingabe uhlobo olutholakala eningizimu ye-United States naseMexico. Ubukhulu bezicabucabu ezinjalo ngokuvamile abudluli ku-17 cm. Umbala ungaba mnyama noma ube nsundu ngombala ngokufakwa kwamabala abomvu nawolintshi, kwezinye izimo ezihlotshiswe ngomngcele ophuzi noma omhlophe, izinwele ezivame ukwenzeka emzimbeni zipinki.
Lolu hlobo alunobuthi obunobuthi futhi alubhekwa njengolunobunzima ikakhulukazi.
Kulesi sithombe, isicabucabu sikaBr Brelel Smith
Ngokuqondene osayizi be-tarantulaLokhu sekushiwo. Kepha imingcele yanikezwa ngaphambili ibheka ubude bemilenze. Kodwa-ke, umzimba wesicabucabu esikhulu kunobukhulu obungu-10 cm, futhi ezinhlotsheni ezincane ungaba ngaphansi kwamasentimitha amathathu. Kufanele futhi sikhulume ngokugqamile kwe-tarantulas ngobudala futhi sishintshe umbala wabo njengoba bevuthwa.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezicabucabu ezinjalo ziba nezimpande ezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo kanye nemibandela yendawo. Kulaba bameleli bezilwane, abahlali bezindawo ezomile kanye nogwadule bayaziwa. Kunezinhlobo ezikhetha amahlathi afanayo ne-umswakama wawo oshisayo.
Ama-tarantulas esihlahla bachitha izinsuku zabo ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni, emqheleni wabo phakathi kwamagatsha. Babopha izingwegwe, bazigobe ngamashubhu. Abanye bakhetha indawo eqinile futhi kungale ndawo lapho bafuna indawo yokukhosela. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezicabucabu ezimba izimbobo zazo, ezihamba ngaphansi komhlaba. Vala ukungena kwabo ngama-cobwebs.
Ama-Tarantulas angahlala emiseleni (ngemisele) nasezihlahleni
Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yokuhlala kwalezi zidalwa incike kakhulu esigabeni sokuthuthuka komuntu. Isibonelo, ngokuba isibungu, sichitha izinsuku zayo emgodini, futhi lapho sikhula, siqala ukuya emhlabathini (lokhu kwenzeka ezinhlotsheni zokhuni kanye nasezinhlanzini zomhlaba). Lokho wukuthi, imodeli yokuziphatha njengoba ikhula futhi ivuthwa kulezi zicabucabu ingashintsha.
Ngokuqondene nezigaba zokukhula kwezinto eziphilayo ezinjalo. Izicabucabu ezisanda kuzalwa ezisanda kuzalwa zivela emaqanda zibizwa ngama-nymphs. Kulesi sikhathi sentuthuko, imvamisa abazizwa isidingo sokudla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-nymphs, abanjwa ngotshani, lapho isitho sikhula ngokushesha, siphenduka isibungu (kuyisiko ukubiza izicabucabu zize zifinyelele ebudaleni).
Izinwele ezimboze umzimba walezi zidalwa zigcwele ubuthi. Kwabanikazi babo uqobo, lokhu kungukutholwa okuwusizo kakhulu, okutholwe yibo kusuka kumama womama. Izinqubo zoboya obunjalo ze-tarantulas zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela izidleke, zizifaka kuwebhu.
Futhi, belindele ingozi, bahlakazeka izinwele ezinobuthi bazungeze bona, bazivikele. Uma bangena emzimbeni lapho bephefumula, ngisho nomuntu angakhombisa izimpawu ezibuhlungu: ubuthakathaka, ukukhubazeka, umuzwa ovuthayo - konke lokhu kuyizimpawu zokungaphenduki komzimba.
Izicabucabu zeTarantula aziyona mobile ikakhulukazi. Futhi uma bephula lo mthetho, kuzoba kuphela uma kunesizathu esihle. Isibonelo, ama-tarantulas abesifazane, uma edlisiwe, angahlala ezitolo zawo izinyanga eziningana. Kodwa ngisho nabantu abalambile abanyakaziswa futhi bayabekezela. Zisekuqothulweni kwazo futhi zizingele inyamazane.
Ukudla izinkukhu ekhaya: ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa
Ukufuya izicabucabu ezinjalo kuyasiza futhi ngoba ezimeni zendlu ukuthi kulula kakhulu ukubheka imikhuba yalezi zinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunzima kakhulu ukwenza lokhu endle.
Ngoba tarantula kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngethala eliphakathi nendawo, elivalekile, okufanele umuntu ngamunye ahlukane nalo, ngoba izilwane ezifuywayo ziyakwazi ukudla omunye komunye. Phansi kwesitsha kufakwe ngogxolo lukakhukhunathi.
Kufanele futhi unikeze indawo yokukhosela yesicabucabu ngendlela yebhodwe lezimbali. Ezinhlanzini ezinokhuni, izingcezu zamagxolo noma i-driftwood ziyadingeka. Njengokudla, kungcono ukusebenzisa izinambuzane: izimpethu zikafulawa, amakhethini, amaphuphu, izimpukane.
Ukuphatha izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezifuywayo, ngokubheka ingozi yazo, akunconywa ngokuphelele. Futhi ngokunembile ngenxa yosongo empilweni, kungcono ukugcina izinhlobo zezilwane zinomoya opholile.
Isibonelo, kuleli nani, ochwepheshe batusa i-Chilean i-tarantula ebomvu. Ine-coloring ethokozisayo, engenalo nolaka futhi icishe ibe yingozi.
Isicabucabu Esibomvu saseChilean
Isicabucabu esinjalo kungenzeka ukuthi sithathe. Lapho ezwa usongo, uvame ukungalumi futhi angenzi ukuhlaselwa, kodwa uzama ukucasha. Kubathandi be-novice exotic, indalo enjenge spider spider ifaneleka kahle.
Izinhlobo zeTarantulas
Ngokwendlela yokuphila yawo wonke ama-tarantulas angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili: umhlabathi nezinkuni. Ezizungeza umhlaba zifaka izicabucabu ezimba izimbobo noma zisebenzisa okokukhosela okwenziwe ngaphansi komhlaba, yilezi:
- I-Brachypelma (Brachyelma),
- I-Gramstol (Grammostola),
- ILaziodora (Lasiodorа),
- Terafosa (Terosa).
I-Arboreal ihlala ngokufanele ezihlahleni, kepha lokhu kusebenza kuphela kubantu abadala. Izingane zama-tarantulas ezihlahla ziphila kalula emhlabathini noma ezincwabeni. Izinhlobo zezinkuni zinhle kakhulu futhi zinombala ogqamile. Lokhu:
- Avicularia (Avicularia),
- I-Pecilotheria (Poеcilotheria),
- Tapinauchenius (Tarinauchenius),
- I-Stromatopelma (Stromatorelma).
Kuliqiniso, kukhona nezinye izinhlobo zomhume ezingenamehlo, kepha lokhu kuyindaba ehlukile.
I-tarantula Theraphosa blondi
Ukubonakala kwama-tarantulas
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-tarantulas zinezakhiwo ezifanayo zomzimba. Isisu sazo, esikhulu futhi sibushelelezi, singena ekhanda elikhulu kakhulu le-torso-head. Ama-paws abuye futhi aqatha, aqine futhi abade. Isisu simbozwe izinwele ezivikayo ezinobuthi, eziyihlanganisa futhi ziyilahle uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi. Bafaka lezi zinwele kuwebhu, ngaleyo ndlela bavikele isidleke sabo.
Kuhle ukukhathazeka ngokuthola izinwele esikhunjeni, futhi ikakhulukazi emehlweni. Ngakho-ke, musa ukugoba ngaphezulu kwe-terrarium evulekile.
Izinhlobo zezinkuni zinomzimba nemilenze ephakeme kakhudlwana, zona zomhlaba zinkulu kakhulu, i-cephalothorax yazo ibanzi, ama-paws amafushane futhi abe mkhulu. Ama-tarantulas aseMelika angabonakala ngezinwele eziphakeme emzimbeni. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabo, iningi labalingani base-Eshiya nabase-Afrika libukeka nje liyimpandla!
Umbala we-tarantulas wehluke kakhulu - kusuka kusi-brown brown brown nenenhlanganisela yemibala ekhanyayo. Kukhona ama-tarantulas aphuzi, ansundu, abomvu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.