Igama lesi Latin: | I-Haliaeetus |
Igama lesiNgisi: | Kuyacaciswa |
Umbuso: | Izilwane |
Uhlobo: | Chordate |
Isigaba: | Izinyoni |
Ukuhlonza: | Hawk-like |
Umndeni: | Hawk |
Umusa: | Ukhozi |
Ubude bomzimba: | 70-110 cm |
Ubude bephiko: | 38.6-43.4 cm |
I-Wingspan: | Kuyacaciswa |
IMisa: | 3000-7000 g |
Ukuchazwa kwenyoni
I-Orlan inyoni enkulu, ebabazekayo. Ubude bomzimba wakhe busuka ku-70 kuya ku-110 cm, amaphiko okuyi-2-2,5 m, isisindo sisebangeni ukusuka ku-3 kuye ku-7 kg. Uqhwakele bukhulu, bunwebekile, umsila namaphiko banzi, imilenze iqinile, ayinayo iplamu, inezindala ezinde ezicijile. Amapads asemathangeni aqinile, okudingeka ukuthi inyoni ibambe inyamazane etyibilika (ikakhulukazi inhlanzi). I-plumage i-brown ikakhulukazi, futhi izitho zomzimba ngamunye zimhlophe. Kwezinye izinhlobo, kukhona iplamu elimhlophe lekhanda, amahlombe, umsila, isiqu. Uqhwaku luphuzi.
Izici zokhozi oludlayo
Isisekelo sokudla kokhozi izinhlanzi ne-waterfowl. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezinesisindo esisukela ku-2 kuya ku-3 kg (i-salmon, i-pike, i-carp) zivame ukuba yinto yokuphangwa yokhozi; kusukela kwizinyoni ezinamanzi aseduze, ukhozi lisebenzisa ama-gulls, herons, goose, amahlaya, amadada, namadangatye. Ukhozi lubheka izisulu zalo ezihlahleni ezinde noma ezindizeni ezizungeze indawo yokugcina amanzi.
Ngemuva kokubona inyamazane, umdlwenguli usondela kuyo masinyane: ihlubula imichilo yayo emide ezinyanzini khona kanye emoyeni, futhi ngobuhlakani ihlwitha inhlanzi ebusweni bamanzi, kepha ingalokothi iwele ngaphansi kwayo. Uma kunezinhlanzi eziningi echibini, khona-ke kuze kufinyelele ezinkozi eziyishumi endaweni eyodwa. Ngokuzingela okuhlangene okunjalo, izinyoni zivame ukweba noma zithathe inyamazane.
Futhi, okokhozi badla ngokuthwele, badle izinhlanzi ezitholakala ogwini, izidumbu zezinyamazane, okwegwayi, ama-beaver, ama-muskrats, onogwaja, imikhomo.
Ukusakazeka kwezinyoni
Izinkozi zidlangile futhi azitholakali e-Antarctica naseNingizimu Melika kuphela. Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zihlala ziseduze kwemizimba yamanzi: azindiza eduze konxweme lwemifula, amachibi, izilwandle, kanye nezwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amakhozi akhipha ukudla kwawo okuyinhloko emanzini noma eduze kwawo. Izinkozi ziyizinyoni ezihlala phansi, kepha ebusika obubandayo, lapho amachibi egunda, athuthela eningizimu.
I-White-bellied Eagle (iHaliaeetus leucogaster)
Ubude bomzimba besifazane balezi zinhlobo busuka ku-80 kuya ku-85 cm, abesilisa kusuka ku-75 kuye ku-77 cm. Amaphiko yi-180-218 cm. Isisindo sabantu abadala sisuka ku-4 kuye ku-5 kg. Izici ezihlukile zokhozi olunamakhanda amhlophe yikhanda, isifuba, izimpaphe ezimboze ngaphansi kwamaphiko nomsila omhlophe. Umhlane namaphiko grey kusuka phezulu. Umsila umfishane, unemidwebo yempi. Ezinyoni ezincane, umbala wezinsi usinsundu, uba mhlophe kancane, ngeminyaka engu-5-6.
Uhlobo luhlala ogwini lwezindawo ezishisayo zase-Asia, New Guinea, Australia kanye neTasmania.
I-Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
Ubude bomzimba wenyoni buqhamuka ku-70 kuye ku-120 cm, amaphiko okuyi-180-230 cm, isisindo sisebangeni ukusuka ku-3 kuye ku-6.3 kg. Izinsikazi zikhulu kunabesilisa ngosayizi, ziyefana emaphumeni. Izimpiko zibanzi, ziyindilinga, umsila wobude obuphakathi, zenziwe zangama-wedge. Uqhwishi bukhulu, bunamaphiko, obuphuzi begolide. Kunokukhula kumakhosi aphezulu wogebhezi. Amachaphaza awanawo umbala, aphuzi. I-iris iphuzi.
Ikhanda nomsila zimhlophe, lonke iplamu lenyoni limsundu, licishe laba mnyama. Amakati azalwa ezimpaphe ezimhlophe grey. Umbala wokuqala wabasha ushokolethi onsundu onamabala amhlophe ngaphakathi kwamaphiko namahlombe. I-plumage iya ngokuya ihlukahluka, kuthi lapho ifika eminyakeni engu-4 ithole ukubonakala komuntu okhulile.
Ukhozi olunempandla lutholakala eCanada nase-USA, akuvamile eMexico. Futhi, izidleke zezinyoni eziqhingini zaseSaint-Pierre naseMiquelon. Impilo yonke, ukhetha ogwini lolwandle, izixwembu, amachibi amakhulu noma imifula. Ukufuduka kwesizini kuncike ekutheni amadamu asendaweni yendawo yokuhlala yalowo nalowo thile ayabanda.
Ukhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller (Haliaeetus pelagicus)
Ubude bomzimba wezinhlobo buyi-105-112 cm, ubude bephiko busuka ku-57 kuya ku-68 cm, isisindo sisuka ku-7.5 kuya ku-9 kg. I-plumage yezinyoni ezindala ihlanganisa umbala onsundu omnyama nomhlophe. Ibunzi, imilenze ephansi, izembozo ezincane nezincane, kanye namaphiko omsila mhlophe, wonke umzimba umnyama onsundu. Ezinyoni ezincane, kuvezwa imifudlana e-ocherous, enyamalala ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-3. I-iris iluhlaza okhanyayo, umlomo u-brownish brown, omkhulu, imilenze iphuzi ngezinsimbi ezimnyama.
Izinhlobo lezi zivame eKamchatka, ngasogwini loLwandle lwase-Okhotsk, eKoryak Plateau, eduze nase-Amur, eSakhalin, eShantar naseKuril Islands, eKorea.
I-White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla)
Ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe inyoni yesine ngobukhulu eYurophu. Ubude bomzimba wakhe busuka ku-70 kuya ku-90 cm, amaphiko acishe abe ngu-2 m, isisindo esingu-4-7 kg. Owesifazane uvame ukuba mkhulu kunezabesilisa. Umsila umfishane, unemidwebo yempi. Abadala ban nsundu ngekhanda nentambo ephuzi, nomsila omhlophe. Uqhwaku lunamandla, luphuzi olukhanyayo. Uthingo luphuzi. Amaphayi awanawo umbala. Izinyoni ezincane zinsundu ngombala omnyama onsundu.
I-Longtail Eagle (Haliaeetus leucoryphus)
Ubude bomzimba wenyoni buqhamuka ku-72 kuye ku-84 cm, amaphiko ngamasentimitha angama-180- 205. Isisindo kwabesifazane sisuka ku-2.1 kuye ku-3.7 kg, kuthi emadodeni kube ngama-2-3.3 kg. Le nyoni inendawo ekhanyayo onsundu, ubuso obumhlophe, amaphiko ansundu, kanti emuva kubomvu. Umsila umnyama ngentambo emhlophe phakathi. Ukukhula okuncane kunguku-monophonic, kumnyama, ngaphandle komucu emsileni.
Indawo yokuhlala kwezinhlobo ifaka i-Central Asia, ukusuka eCaspian naseLwandle oluLuhlaza, iKazakhstan neMongolia kuya ezintabeni zaseHimalayan, ePakistan, eNdiya, naseBangladesh. Uhlobo luchaza ukufuduka okuyingxenye.
I-Orlan Screamer (i-Haliaeetus vocifer)
Inyoni ephakathi nendawo enobude bomzimba enobude obungu-63 kuya ku-57 cm, amaphiko afinyelela kuma-210 cm.Izinsikazi zikhulu kunabesilisa futhi zinesisindo kusuka ku-3.2 kuye ku-3.6 kg, kanti ezokugcina zivela ku-2 kuye ku-2,5 kg. Amapayipi asekhanda, entanyeni, emsileni, esifubeni nangasemuva mhlophe, zonke ezinye izingxenye zomzimba zingama-chestnut noma mpunga. Izimpaphe zimnyama ngamathiphu ezimpiko. Uqhwaku luphuzi, lumnyama ngasesipheni, imilenze iphuzi ngokuphuzi.
Izinhlobo zitholakala e-Afrika engaseningizimu yeSahara ezindaweni eziphakeme aze afike ku-1000 m ngaphezu kolwandle, eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi.
Ukuzalela Ukhozi
Izinkozi ziyizinyoni ezinyanyayo, zihlala ngababili, zihlala ngasogwini iminyaka eminingi, lapho izinyoni zakha khona isidleke sazo esihlahleni esiphezulu.
Izidleke zokhozi zitholakala ezihlahleni ezifile noma eziqongweni zazo ezomile, ngoba amagatsha amancanyana aphilayo awabelani nobunzima besidleke esikhulu. Ububanzi bayo buqala ku-1.5 kuye ku-3 m, ukuphakama kwayo kungamamitha ayi-1, futhi isisindo sayo singafinyelela ku-1. Isidleke sokhozi esikhulu kunazo zonke esindayo sisisindo esingu-2.7 t. Owesifazane uyakha isidleke, kuthi owesilisa alethe izinto zakhe zokwakha. Unyaka ngamunye, izinkozi zivuselela futhi ziqedele isidleke sazo.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwezinkozi senzeka ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli. Ngalesi sikhathi, izitha ezidla izindiza zishayisana nezindiza ezindizayo, lapho abalingani emoyeni bebambene ngezihlakala bese begijimela phansi, bejika izembe.
Ku-clutch eyodwa, ukhozi lowesifazane lunamaqanda ama-1 kuye kwangama-3, elikudonsa kusukela ezinsukwini ezingama-34 kuye kwezingama-38. Amakati azalwa, embozwe nge-fluff emhlophe, engenakusiza ngalutho ngokuphelele. Insikazi iyazivikela, kanti owesilisa uthola ukudla - inhlanzi nenyama. Kusukela ku-brood, njengomthetho, kuphuma inkukhu eyodwa, enkulu kunazo zonke futhi eqinile. Lapho sezinezinyanga ezintathu ubudala, amakhozi amancane anamaphiko, kodwa izinyanga eziningi ahlala eduzane nabazali bawo.
Ukhozi lufikisa eminyakeni yobudala emi-4. Iminyaka yokuphila kwabo iyiminyaka engaba ngu-20 endle, futhi besekudingisweni - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-50.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngenyoni
- I-White-belided Eagle iwuphawu olusemthethweni lwesimo saseMalaysia iSelangor kanye neBuderi National Park (Jervis Bay). Umfanekiso wenyoni ubekwe ebhukwini laseSingapore (amadola ayi-10 000 wase-Singapore).
- Kusukela ngo-1782, ukhozi lwaphenduka inyoni yezwe yaseMelika ngokusemthethweni, izithombe zayo zibekwe engubeni yempi, izinga likamongameli, amabhukumana, ama-logo ezinkampani zezwe.
- U-Orlan-krikun - uphawu lukazwelonke lweZambia, isithombe sakhe sibekwe kwifulegi, ingubo yempi nezingcweti zezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nyoni ikhonjiswa ejokeni lezingalo zeNamibia neSouth Sudan.
- Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu, izidleke zezinkozi zabhalwa kuGuinness Book of Record.
- Eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili edlule, kube nokwehla kwenani labantu bokhozi ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwabo ngobuningi kanye nomsebenzi wezomnotho wabantu. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-DDT ekuqothulweni kwezinambuzane ezinambuzane kubangele ukulimala okuthile kuzinyoni. Kwethulwe imithetho e-United States evimbela ukubulawa nokutholakala kwezinkozi. Ukuvinjwa kokusetshenziswa kwama-insecticides nezindlela zokuzivikela kuholela ekubuyiselweni kancane kancane kwenani lezinyoni.
Ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe
Izinyoni ezibukayo, umuntu uzibophela ngokuzithandela amandla abo, isivinini sombani nokuqapha okuhle. Ukukhuphuka midair ukhozi-olunomsila omhlophe ihlaba umxhwele ngokubukeka kwayo okuhle nokubonakalayo. Ngaphezu izici zangaphandle zezinyoni ezinjalo, kunemininingwane eminingi ethokozisayo maqondana nemisebenzi yazo ebalulekile. Masizame ukufunda ngokuningiliziwe indlela yokuphila yezinkozi ezinomsila omhlophe, ezingabizwa ngokuphephile ngokuthi ama-aristocrats asezulwini.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe luyisidlakudla esinemibala esingelomndeni we-hawk, ukuhleleka kwesikhonyane nohlobo lwezinkozi. Ngokuvamile, zonke izinkozi zingabazingeli abakhulu. Umehluko wabo oyinhloko osuka ezinkozi ubukhona be-tarsus (ngaphandle kwesembozo). Ngaphansi kweminwe yenyoni ifakwe izikhala ezincane ukusiza ukugcina inyamazane (ikakhulu inhlanzi).
Izazi zezinzwa zisahlukanisa izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zezinkozi, okukhona phakathi kwazo ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe ocatshangelwe kithi. Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi le nyoni iqanjwe kanjalo ngoba inezimpaphe zemisila emhlophe. Indawo yokuhlala yalolu hlobo lwokhozi luhlala luhlotshaniswa nezindawo ezivulekile zamanzi, ngakho-ke lesi sidlo esinamaphiko singatholakala ngasogwini lolwandle, izikejana ezinkulu zemifula, amachibi amakhulu. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi ekuhumusheni kusuka ku-etymology yesiGreki yasendulo yegama elithi "ukhozi" imele "ukhozi lwasolwandle".
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Isithombe: I-Eagle bird emhlophe-enomsila
Ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe lukhulu impela, lunomzimba onamandla, uqhwaku olude, amaphiko amade futhi ububanzi nomsila obukeka mfishane. Umbala owesilisa nowesifazane ufana ngokuphelele, kepha owokuqala omncane kakhulu kunowesifazane. Isisindo sabantu besilisa sisuka ku-3 kuye ku-5.5 kg, izinsikazi kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-7 kg. Ubude bomzimba wokhozi buhlukahluka kusuka ku-60 kuya ku-98 cm, futhi amaphiko akhe angaba ubude obuhlaba umxhwele (kusuka ku-190 kuya ku-250 cm). Lezi zinyoni zinamabhulukwe ashiwo kahle feather harem amboza i-tibiae; akukho manani engxenyeni engezansi yekhubalo. Ama-paws ngokwawo anamandla amakhulu, e-arriers yawo kukhona izilenge ezibukhali, ezinkulu, ezibunjiwe ngokusobala ezingeke zaphuthelwa inyamazane.
Umbala we-plumage ezinyoni ezivuthiwe unesizinda esinamandla ongashintsha usinsundu usiya ku-fawn, lo mehluko ubonakala ngoba iqiniso lokuthi izimpaphe ezansi zimnyama futhi iziqongo zazo zibukeka zilula (zishiswa). Ukusondela eduze kwekhanda, umbala wokhozi uyakhanya, ucishe ube mhlophe ekhanda uqobo. Umbala wezinsiba, isisu kanye nokuqhakaza kumnyama kuqhathaniswa nesizinda esiyinyoni esiphambili. Umsila omuhle omhlophe uhlukile ngokuhlobene ne-naduhvil, i-underark kanye namaphiko.
Amehlo okhozi awekho mikhulu kakhulu, futhi i-iris yawo ingaba:
- nsundu okhanyayo
- nsundu onsundu
- i-amber
- ophuzi.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izinkozi zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ngamehlo egolide. Umbala wezinyawo zenyoni kanye noqhwaku olukhulu oluthungwe nakho futhi kuphuzi.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Umbala wezilwane ezincane umnyama kakhulu kunalowo wezihlobo ezindala. I-iris, umsila kanye noqhwaku bampunga omnyama. Izindawo eziningi zobude ziyabonakala esiswini, futhi iphethini yemabula ibonakala ngaphezulu komsila. Ngemuva kwe-molt ngayinye, izinkozi ezincane ziya ngokuya zifana nezinyoni ezindala. Kuphela lapho izinyoni sezivuthwa ngokocansi lapho ziqala ukubukeka zifana nezinkozi zabantu abadala. Lokhu akwenzeki ngaphambi kweminyaka eyisihlanu ngisho nangemva kwalokho.
Ngakho-ke, ukhozi oluvuthiwe luhlukaniswa kwezinye izidalwa ezinamaphiko afanayo ngokuba khona komsila omhlophe nekhanda elikhanyayo, intamo nomlomo. Ukhozi oluhleliwe lubukeka lungemfishane, lukhulu futhi alunampilo mncane uma luqhathaniswa ukhozi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nenkungu, ikhanda elinomsila omhlophe likhulu. Ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe luhlukaniswa okhozini lwegolide ngumsila omfushane omise okomshana nomlomo omkhulu futhi olude.
Uhlala kuphi ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe?
Isithombe: I-Red Book White-Tailed Eagle
E-Eurasia, indawo yokusatshalaliswa kokhozi olunomsila omhlophe ibanzi impela, ihlanganisa iScandinavia, iDenmark, i-Elbe Valley, ifinyelela eCzech Republic, eHungary naseSlovakia. Izinyoni zihlala emazweni aseBalkan, indawo yase-Anadyr, eKamchatka, ezihlala ogwini lwePacific empumalanga ye-Asia. Enyakatho, izindawo zokhozi zibanjwa yiNorway, i-Kola Peninsula (ingxenye esenyakatho), iTiman Tundra, i-Yamal (isifunda esiseningizimu), iqhubekisela phambili lolu luhlu luye kufinyelela kwiNhlonhlo yaseGydan, isondele emilonyeni yePalmina neYenisei, izinkozi zaseLena naseKhatanga. Ukuqedwa kobubanzi bawo basenyakatho yiChukchi Ridge, noma kunalokho, umfula wayo oseningizimu.
Ezifundeni eziseningizimu ethe xaxa, okhozi olunomsila omhlophe ukhethe:
- I-Greece ne-Asia Minor,
- enyakatho ye-Iran ne-Iraq
- izindawo eziphansi ze-Amu Darya,
- empumalanga esenyakatho neChina,
- ingxenye esenyakatho yombuso waseMongolia,
- Peninsula yaseKorea.
Izinkozi zaseGreenland zithande iGreenland (ingxenye esentshonalanga), lezi zinyoni ezidla inyama nazo zihlala ezifundeni zezinye iziqhingi:
Iqiniso elihehayo: Enyakatho, ukhozi lubhekwa njengolokufuduka, eningizimu kanye nomgwaqo ophakathi nendawo - luzinzile noma luzulazula. Izilwane ezisencane ezivela emzileni ophakathi ebusika ziya eningizimu, kuyilapho izinkozi ezinolwazi nezikhulile zihlala ebusika, zingasabi ukuthi imizimba yamanzi iyaqandeka.
Ngokuqondene nezwe lethu, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezinkozi ezinomsila omhlophe eduze kwendawo yazo kungabizwa ngokuthi kubiquitous. Iningi lezinyoni maqondana nobuningi babonwa ezindaweni ezivulekile zeLake Baikal, uLwandle i-Azov kanye nolwandle lweCaspian. Izidlakudla zivame ukuhlomisa izidleke zazo eduze kwemizimba emikhulu ephakathi nendawo yamanzi noma ogwini lolwandle, lapho zinokudla okugcwele okucebile.
Ngabe udlani okhozi olunomsila omhlophe?
Photo: bird of Prey White-tailed Eagle
Ukudla kokhozi olunomsila omhlophe, njengoba kufanela le nyoni enkulu, kuyinto edlekayo. Lona, ikakhulukazi, liqukethe izitsha zezinhlanzi, akusizi ngalutho ukuthi le nyoni ibizwa ngokuthi ukhozi lwasolwandle. Ngokuya kokudla, inhlanzi isendaweni yokuqala yodumo, imvamisa, izinkozi zibamba umuntu ngamunye ezingekho ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu amathathu. Izintandokazi zezinyoni azikhawulwanga kuphela kusiqiniseko senhlanzi, umdlalo wehlathi (womhlaba kanye nobomvu) futhi ukunambitheka kwezinkozi, futhi ngesikhathi sobusika esinobunzima azidelelwa.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlanzi, izinkozi ziyajabula ukuluma:
Amaqhinga okuzingela inyoni angahluka, konke kuncike ohlotsheni oluthile lwenyamazane nosayizi wayo. Ukhozi lungahlasela ngqo ngesikhathi sendiza, luyakwazi ukudonsa isisulu luvela phezulu, lapho lubheka khona ukuphakama. Kujwayelekile ukuthi izinyoni zibuke inyamazane engaba khona lapho zigijimela khona; Imisila emhlophe ehlala emaqeleni evulekile onogada, ama-marmot kanye namagundane aseduze kwama-minks awo. Izinkozi zibamba amasheya ngokushesha zibalekela impukane. I-Waterfowl iyesabisa ukhozi lwasolwandle futhi ilwenze lugxume.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Izinkozi zivame ukudla ezilwaneni ezigulayo, ezibuthakathaka nezindala. Ukudla phesheya nezinhlanzi ezifakwe phesheya kwezinyoni, izinyoni zihlanza amanzi amachibi. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi badla i-carrion, ngakho-ke bangabikwa ngokuthembekile kuma-oda anemibala yemvelo. Ososayensi be-ornithologists baqinisekisa ukuthi imisila emhlophe yenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wokugcina ibhalansi yemvelo kulezo biotope lapho ihlala khona.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: I-White-tailed Eagle in Flight
Ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe luyisidleke sesine esinamaphiko maqondana nosayizi endaweni eseYurophu. Ngaphambi kwakhe yilezi: griffon nenqe, nenqe darnel ne black nenqe.Imisila emhlophe iminyene, ngamabili ihlala amashumi eminyaka endaweni eyodwa, engakhuphuka ibanga elingama-25 kuye kuma-80 km. Umndeni wezinkozi uvikela ngokucophelela izinto zawo kwabanye abaqhudelana. Ngokuvamile, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uhlobo lwalezi zinyoni lukhulu impela, ngisho namawundlu azo awazihluphi isikhathi eside bese ewaphelezela empilweni ezimele, lapho nje eqala ukuthatha iphiko.
Lapho izinkozi zizingela izinhlanzi, zibheka umdlandla ngenkani bese zisuka ngenhla zishonele phansi ukuze ziyibambe ngemikhono ebukhali emilenzeni yazo. Umhlaseli angakwazi ngisho nokufihla umzuzwana ohlukanisa amanzi emanzini ukuze abambe izinhlanzi kusuka ekujuleni kwenhliziyo, ngisilawula ngokuphelele lesi simo. Endizeni, okhozi alubukeki lubukeka futhi luyashesha njengamaphiko okhozi nezinkozi. Uma uqhathanisa nabo, babukeka besinda, benyuka kaningi kakhulu. Izimpiko zazo ziqhakaza futhi cishe azinazo izimbobo zesilozi.
Ukhozi oluhleli egatsheni lufana kakhulu nomvini, libuye linciphise ikhanda lazo futhi lube nethala elinamafutha. Izwi lezinkozi lihlukaniswa ngokukhamuluka okukhulu, okuncane. Lapho okuthile kukhathaza izinyoni, ukukhala kwazo kuba mnyama ngokwengeziwe ngokuba khona kofishi othile wensimbi. Kwesinye isikhathi izimbila zakha duet ekhalayo. Izinyoni ngasikhathi sinye zibabiza, ziphonsa amakhanda emuva.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: I-White-tailed Eagle eRussia
Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, amakhozi angabasizi bomshado oqinile, akha izithandani impilo yonke. Umbhangqwana wezinyoni womndeni uhlala uqala ubusika ezindaweni ezishisayo futhi ubuyela esidlekeni sazo sendabuko ndawonye, lokhu kwenzeka ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli. Isidleke sokhozi siyindawo yomndeni yangempela yezinyoni, lapho zihlala khona impilo yazo yonke, zakha futhi zilungisa indawo yazo yokuhlala, uma kunesidingo. Izinkozi zikhetha izindawo ezidlekayo ezihlahleni ezikhula emachibini nasemifuleni, noma emadwaleni nasemadwaleni, futhi akhiwe eduze kwamanzi.
Ukwakha isidleke, izinyamazane ezinamabala zisebenzisa amagatsha awugqinsi, futhi phansi kufakwe amabhlogo, amahlumela acinene, imigqa yotshani, izimpaphe. Isakhiwo esinjalo sihlala sitholakala phezu kwesiqu esikhulu futhi esiqinile noma endaweni yegatsha lamagatsha. Enye yezimo eziphambili ukuphakama kokubekwa, okungahluka kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-25 m, lokhu kuvikela amaphuphu ezinhlanzweni zomhlaba.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Lapho indawo yokwakha isidlo yakhiwa kuphela, ayidluleli imitha ububanzi, kepha ngokuhamba kweminyaka iba nzima ngokwengeziwe, ikhuphuka kancane kancane ngezikhathi ezimbalwa. Isakhiwo esinjalo singawa kalula ngamandla aso adonsela phansi, ngakho imisila emhlophe imvamisa kufanele iqale ukwakha ikhaya elisha.
Owesifazane ungazalela kusuka emaqanda ama-1 kuya kwayi-3, esikhathini esiningi kukhona ama-2. Umbala wegobolondo mhlophe, kungenzeka kube khona amabala we-ocher kuwo. Amaqanda makhulu ngokwanele ukufanisa izinyoni. Zinobude obungu-7 - 8 cm. Isikhathi sokubekeka sithatha amasonto amahlanu. Amakati azalwa enkathini kaMeyi. Cishe izinyanga ezintathu, abazali banakekela inzalo, edinga kakhulu ukunakekelwa kwayo. Kusekuqaleni kwenyanga ehlobo edlule, amakhozi amancane aqala ukuthatha iphiko, futhi ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba ashiya isikhungo sabazali, aqala ukuba ngumuntu osemdala, ozimele, ophila ngezimo zemvelo ezimweni zemvelo ongaba yiminyaka engama-25 kuye kwengama-27.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngokumangazayo, okhozi olunomsila omhlophe ekudingisweni luyakwazi ukuphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40.
Izitha Zemvelo Zokhozi Olumhlophe-Olunamathambo
Ngenxa yokuthi ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe luyisidlakudla esikhulu futhi esinemibala eqinile esinomlomo omnandi nezimpondo eziyishumi, cishe asinabo ubuhlakani endle. Kepha lokhu kungashiwo kuphela ngezinyoni ezivuthiwe, kepha amaphuphu asanda kuzalwa, izilwane ezincane ezingenalwazi namaqanda okhozi yibona abasengozini enkulu futhi angahlushwa ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye ezingenangqondo ukuzidla.
I-Ornithologists yaseSakhalin ithole ukuthi inani elikhulu lezidleke zezinyoni lihlushwa iminjunju yamabhere ansundu, okukhonjiswayo ngokuba khona kokuqhekeka okuthile emagumbini ezihlahla lapho kuhlala khona okhozi. Kunobufakazi bokuthi ngonyaka ka-2005 kwaqothuka amabhele cishe isigamu sezindawo zokuhlala zezinyoni, ngaleyo ndlela kwacekela phansi inzalo yabo. Abamele umndeni ka-marten, nawo ohamba ngokungafanele emqheleni wesihlahla, angenza nokuhlasela kwamasela ezidlekeni. Izinyoni zeCrane nazo zingalimaza ukubumbana.
Ngokudabukisayo, enye yezitha ezinkulu kakhulu zokhozi kuze kube muva nje wayeyindoda okwathi, maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, yaqala ukuqothulwa okuhlosiwe kwalezi zinyoni ezinhle, zibabheka njengabancintisana nabaphambili bokuthola izinhlanzi nama-muskrats. Kule mpi engalingani, inani elikhulu lezinsikazi ezindala hhayi nje kuphela, kodwa ubumbano nam amaphuphu abo achithwa. Manje isimo sesishintshile, abantu babeka iMisila Emhlophe njengabangane babo.
Kunjalo nje, izinyoni ziyaqhubeka nokuhlupheka ngenxa yezenzo zabantu, ziwela ogibeni olubekwe abazingeli bezinye izilwane (kufika izinyoni ezingama-35 ngonyaka ngenxa yalokhu). Imvamisa, ukufikelwa okukhulu kwamaqembu abavakashi kuphoqa izinyoni ukuba zifudukele kwezinye izindawo, ezithinta kabi izimpilo zazo. Kwenzeka futhi ukuthi ilukuluku lomuntu elilula liholele enhlekeleleni, ngoba ngokushesha le nyoni iphonsa ubumbeko bayo uma umuntu eyithinta, kodwa yona uqobo lwayo ngeke ihlasele okokuqhuma.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-Eagle bird emhlophe-enomsila
Ngesimo sabantu bokhozi abenziwe ngamathayela amhlophe, izinto ziyaxaka, kwenye indawo kuthathwa njengezinhlobo ezivamile, kwezinye izindawo - ezisengcupheni. EYurophu, ukusakazwa kokhozi kubhekwa njenge-sporadic, i.e. okungalingani. Kunobufakazi bokuthi cishe zingaba ngu-7,000 izibini zezinyoni esidlekeni ezindaweni zaseRussia naseNorway, okungamaphesenti angama-55 abantu baseYurophu abasemazinyoni.
Imininingwane yase-Europe ikhombisa ukuthi inani lamabhangqa aphindaphindwayo ahlukahluka lisuka ku-9 liya ku-12,3 amawaka, elihambisana nabantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-18 - 24,5 abavuthiwe. Ososayensi be-ornithologists baphawula ukuthi inani lezinkozi ezinomsila omhlophe lihamba kancane, kepha, nokho, liyanda. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kunezici eziningi ezingezinhle zohlelo lwe-anthropogenic olunomthelela omubi ekubeni khona kwalezi zinyoni ezinamandla.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- ukucekelwa phansi kanye nokudonswa kwamanzi emvula,
- ukuba khona kohlu lonke lwezinkinga zemvelo,
- ukugawula izihlahla ezinkulu ezindala lapho okokhozi lithanda ukudlela khona,
- ukungenelela komuntu ku-biotopes yemvelo,
- inani elanele lokudla elihlotshaniswa neqiniso lokuthi umuntu ubamba kakhulu izinhlanzi.
Kufanele kuphindwe futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi kwezinye izifunda namazwe, izinkozi ziyizinhlobo ezisengozini yezinyoni, ngakho-ke, zidinga izindlela ezikhethekile zokuzivikela umuntu azama ukuzihlinzeka.
I-White Taag Eagle Guard
Isithombe: Ukhozi olubomvu olubomvu olusuka encwadini ebomvu
Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, inani lezinkozi ezinomsila omhlophe ezindaweni ezihlukile alifani, kwezinye izindawo lincane ngokwenhlekelele, kwezinye, kunalokho, ukuqaphela okukhulu kakhulu kwabazingeli abanamaphiko. Uma siphendukela esikhathini esedlule esedlule, khona-ke eminyakeni yama-80 yekhulu lokugcina inani lalezi zinyoni emazweni aseYurophu lancipha kakhulu, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izindlela zokuzivikela ezithuthukisiwe zalungisa isimo njengejwayelekile, futhi manje izinkozi azithathwa njengezisengozini.
Ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe lubhalwe ku-IUCN Red Book, lapho inesimo “sokungakhathalelwa kangako” ngenxa yobubanzi bawo bokuxazululeka. Ensimini yezwe lethu, ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe nalo lubhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia, lapho inesimo sezinhlobo ezingandile. Izici ezinomkhawulo main zifaka phakathi izinto ezahlukahlukene ezenziwa ngabantu, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwezindawo ezilungele izidleke, ukuqedwa kwemithombo ehlukahlukene yamanzi, ukukhipha izinyoni ezindaweni ezinokuhlalwa kuzo. Ngenxa yokuzingela, izinyoni azinakho ukudla okwenele, ziwela ogibeni, ziyafa ngenxa yokuthi osomatekisi benza izilwane zabo ezifakwa emzimbeni. Izinkozi ziyafa ngenxa yokudla amagundane anobuthi yi-pesticides.
Izindlela eziphambili zokonga ezithinta ngokuphelele ukubuyiselwa kwabantu bezinyoni kufanele zifake:
- ukungaphazanyiswa komuntu kuma-biotopes wemvelo,
- ukukhonjwa kwezindawo zokudla izidleke zokhozi nokufakwa kwazo ohlwini lwezindawo ezivikelwe,
- ukuvikelwa kwezinyoni nezilwane zasendle ezindaweni ezivulekile,
- ukunyuka kwezinhlawulo zokuzingela,
- ukubalwa kwaminyaka yonke kwezinyoni zasebusika,
- inhlangano yezingxoxo ezichazayo phakathi kwabantu ukuthi umuntu akasondeli esidlekeni sezinyoni, noma ngenhloso yokufuna ukwazi.
Ekuphetheni, ngifuna ukufaka lokho okungenani ukhozi-olunomsila omhlophe futhi unamandla, mkhulu futhi uqinile, usadinga ubudlelwane obucophelela babantu, ukunakekelwa nokuvikelwa. Ubukhulu balezi zinyoni ezinhle futhi ezinhle kakhulu, futhi amandla abo, ubuqili nokuqapha kukhuthaza futhi kunikeze amandla. Izinkozi ziletha izinzuzo eziningi emvelweni, zisebenza njengama-oda ezinamaphiko. Kuthenjwa ukuthi abantu bazoba wusizo kulaba bantu abahlaselayo abanamalungu noma, okungenani, ngeke kubalimaze.