MAYAZAUR - Amaqiniso ... IColfer Encyclopedia

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Dinosaurs - Aqale nini ukutholakala amathambo edayinaso? Cishe ngonyaka we-1820, ukunakwa kwabaphenyi abangamaNgisi nabaseFrance kwakukhangwa amazinyo ahlanganiswe namathambo amakhulu. Ngokuzifunda, zafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi izinsalela zezinto ezinkulu ngokungajwayelekile ... ... I-Colfer's Encyclopedia

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Horner, uJack - Isitayela salo mbhalo asibhalwe encyclopedic noma sephula izinkambiso zolimi lwaseRussia. I-athikili kufanele ilungiswe ngokwemithetho ye-Wikipedia stylistic. UJohn R. Horner (John R. Horner, Jun 15 ... Wikipedia

Mayasaurus - dinosaur

IMayazavr iyi-ornithopod enkulu yomndeni wama-dinosaurs we-duckbill. Kuhunyushwa kusuka eLatin Maiasaura kusho uLizard-mama. Lesi sidalwa besihlala eMhlabeni esikhathini sokugcina seCretaceous 75-65 eminyakeni eyizigidi ezedlule. IMayazaurs yayingama-dinosaurs amakhulu impela futhi ifinyelela ubude bamamitha ayi-9, ukuphakama kwamamitha amathathu nesisindo esingamathani ayisithupha.

Ngolunye usuku, izazi zesayensi yemvelo zaseMelika uJack Horner noRobert Mackela bavakashela isitolo esiseMontana bathola lokho abacabanga ukuthi ngamathambo wengane kaHadrosaurus. Kwakungowe-1978, futhi kusukela kulowomzuzu indaba yokutholakala kweMayazavrs iqala. Ososayensi baba nentshisekelo ngezinsalela zezinsalela futhi bagijimela endaweni lapho amathambo atholakala khona.

I-Mayasaur (lat.Maiasaura)

Ukwembiwa okwenziwe kuleyo ndawo nguL Horner, uMakela nozakwabo bathole imiphumela emangalisayo. Ama-Paleontologists akwazile ukuthola izidleke eziyishumi nane, ama-31 angama-31 namaqanda angama-42. Ekugcineni, lokhu bekuyisiqalo kuphela ochungechungeni lokutholwe okumangalisayo. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngonyaka we-1984, abakwa-Horner bathola izinsalela ezingaphezu kuka-10,000 zama-Mayazaurs asefile ungqimba lwamathambo. Manje akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi kungani izilwane zafa. Abaphenyi basikisela ukuthi babulawa ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo.

Amawundlu kaMayasaur esidlekeni.

Ubufakazi obuningi buye batholakala ukuthi abakwaMayazaurs babengabazali abahle kakhulu. Le ntokazi yakha isidleke esinjenge-sandwich nodaka futhi sayifaka ngezitshalo ezithambile.

I-Colony of Mayasaurs.

Izinsikazi zakha izidleke emikhakheni yonke, ebusuku ziqothuka ngokuzungeza kwazo, zifudumele. Izidleke zazicishe zibe ngamamitha ayi-2 ububanzi nangu-0.9-1.2 metres ukujula. IMayazavra iqakathekiswa eqandeni ingama-35 cm kuphela, kepha lapho inezinyanga ezimbili ikhula kabili. Omama bondla izingane zabo ngokuhlafunisisa izitshalo bese bezenzela izingane zabo.

Amamodeli we-mayasaur asayizi wokuphila.

Inani elikhulu le-molars, elatholwa ososayensi, lifakazela umbono wokuthi amaMayazaurs ayondla ngokudla kwezitshalo: amaqabunga kanye namahlumela ezitshalo. Izinto eziqinile ezinomhlaza ezihlanganisiwe. Ngokuvamile, abakwaMayazavras babeyizidlakudla ezinokuthula.

Ukuhlukahluka kokubonakala kweMayasaur.

Ngokusho kwemikhondo eminingi yezilwane, ososayensi banqume ukuthi abakwaMayazaurs babehlala emihlanjini, njengama-hadrosaurs amaningi futhi bahamba ngemilenze emine. Izilwane bekufanele zifuduke ngezikhathi ezithile zifuna amadlelo amasha. AbakwaMayasaurs balwa nezinyamazane ngenxa yokuphindaphindeka kwazo.

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27.07.2012

UMayazavr (lat.Maiasaura peigscorum) wayengowomndeni wamadayinaso ama-dinosaurs noma ama-hadrosaurs (Hadrosaurus). Babizwa ngokuthi ama-platypuses engxenyeni engaphambili yekhanda, efana nomlomo omkhulu wedada.

Abamele lo mndeni babeyizidina eziningi kakhulu zeLower Cretaceous. Babephila impilo yomhlambi futhi bedla ukudla kwezitshalo. Omkhulu kunabo bonke kwakungu-shantungosaurus, amathambo akhe atholakala eChina. Lesi sikhulu sasingamamitha ayi-13 ubude futhi sasisindo cishe ngamathani ayi-4,5.

AbakwaMayasaurs babehlala enkabeni neNyakatho Melika.

Isikhathi sokuphila kwabo sasihlangana nenkathi yokuvela kwama-angiosperms. Amahlathi anqabayo nezimbali ezinkulu ezibanzi zigcwele utshani obumnandi obabugcwele lapho. Ubuningi bokuphakelwa kwaholela ekuphindaphindweni okusheshayo kwemayonesi kanye nemihlambi yabo emningi ngokweqile yazulazula ngenkuthalo enkulu yemvelo enkulu yaseMelika yanamuhla.

Ngokusho kwesazi se-paleont uJohn Horner noBob Mackel abatholakala eMontana ngo-1978, amathambo ayekwazi ukwakha kabusha amathambo esixoka.

Indlela yokuphila

AmaMayasaurs, njengawo wonke ama-hadrosaurs, ayehlala emihlambi emikhulu. Ubudlelwano eqenjini bakhiwe ngesisekelo sobukhosi obuqinile futhi, ngokusho kwabaphenyi, iqembu ngalinye lezilokazana laliphethwe ngowesilisa omkhulu kunabo bonke ohlakaniphe kunabo bonke.

Babelokhu bebukana ngezwi nangamehlo. Umuzwa wabo wephunga nawo wathuthukiswa kahle. Lokhu kufakazelwa yizimbungulu ezisesigqokweni sesithambo, ezixhunywe emakhaleni esilo. Ama-dinosaurs we-Herbivorous ayenezitha eziningi ezizingelayo futhi impilo emhlanjini isiza ukusinda kulezo zikhathi ezinzima.

Ngokubonakala kwezinyamazane ezinkulu, amaMayasaurs angathembela kuphela emandleni nasogangeni lemilenze yawo, abaleke nomaphi lapho amehlo awo ebheka khona. Izisulu zazindala kakhulu, zigula futhi zincane kakhulu izibankwakazi. Izinyamazane ezincane ezihlaselayo, umhlambi waxosha umhlaba ngesibindi usuka endaweni yawo, usebenzisa ukushaywa okunamandla ngomsila omude.

UMayazavr uthole igama lakhe ngenxa yezimpawu zalo ezivelele zomama (isiGrikhi. Μαία “mama” kanye ne-σασα “lizard”).

Abesifazane babeka amaqanda nge-cm engu-18 cm esidlekeni esisodwa. Kwakuyindunduma eyakha izidleke, yakhiwa yiqembu elinobungane labesifazane kusuka esihlabathini nasodakeni, olakhiwe ngotshani oluthambile ngaphakathi.

Leso kwakuyisinqumo esihlakaniphe kakhulu. Ngenkathi abanye omama beklaba endaweni ethile eduzane, abanye babekuqapha ngobunono ukuqondisisa. Kwakunenqwaba yalabo ababefuna ukudla amaqanda amnandi ngaleso sikhathi. Bese kuba nokushintshwa kokugada, wonke umuntu wayejabule futhi ejabule.

Ebusuku, izinsikazi zazizungeza amaqanda, zizifudumeza ngemizimba yazo. Abanye abacwaningi bafinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi ama-mayasaurs ayeyizilwane ezinegazi ezifudumele.

Kwesinye isikhathi amantombazane amancane akhathele aphelelwa amandla futhi ama-ovioptors amancane abambekile aye emaphethelweni awo, abambe amaqanda afiselekile futhi acashe khona lapho emathangeni aseduze. Ama-inzalo azalwa cishe ngasikhathi sinye.

Lezi zingane zazingama-30 cm ubude futhi zazingakwazi ukuhamba zodwa. Kuyacaca ukuthi ingane enjalo yayiyingozi kakhulu ukushiya isidleke, ngakho omama abanakekelayo bashintshana ngokuthwala utshani besiya ngamawundlu abo.

Ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva, kukhule iMayasaurs, yafika kubude bomzimba obuyi-1-1,5 m, yashiya isidleke yajoyina umhlambi ifuna amadlelo amasha.

Ama-dinosaurs asencane adla kahle futhi akhula ngokushesha, afinyelela kumamitha amathathu ubude ngeminyaka emibili. Ngemuva kwalokho ukukhula kwabo kunciphisa, bathola isisindo kancane futhi ngesikhathi sokufika kwabo eminyakeni yobudala engama-7-8 ifinyelele kubude obungu-6-7 m.

Incazelo

Imayasaurs yabantu abadala ivame ukufinyelela ubude bomzimba obungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-9 nesisindo samathani amathathu. Isidumbu esikhulu sasihlotshiswe ngekhanda elikhulu eline-crest encane, etshalwe entanyeni yomsipha obukhulu. Intamo yayimfushane futhi ayizange ivume ukuthi ibhungane lifinyelele amaqabunga akhula kakhulu. Bekumele saneliswe ngotshani namaqabunga ezihlahla eziphansi.

Isiphuzo esisezinhlelweni zokuthuthuka kwalezi zikhulube zathatha indlela yomlomo obanzi futhi oyisicaba ngekhala elikhulukazi. Imihlathi yayihlalwe phansi ngamazinyo amancane abukhali, okwasiza ukugaya ukudla.

Izibalo zangemuva zazifushane futhi zanezine. Izandla zomzimba wasemuva zazineminwe emithathu. Umsila omude onemisipha usize amaMayasaur ukuba alondoloze ibhalansi ngenkathi ihamba.

Ukubuka: Maiasaura peeblesorum † Horner et Makela, 1979 = Mayasaur (= Mayasaur)

Iya kusihloko sesigaba: Izinhlobo zama-dinosaurs

Igama le-dinosaur yohlobo lweMayazaura lisho ukuthi "i-lizard ngumama omuhle." IMayazaur luhlobo lwama-dinosaurs emndenini wama-duckbill dinosaurs (hadrosaurids) ayehlala ngasekupheleni kweCretaceous.

Umlando wanamuhla weMayazaur uyakhathazeka ngo-1978. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho izazi zesayensi yezemvelo uJack Horner noRobert Makela bavakashela khona isitolo esiseMontana, eU.SA, lapho bathola khona amathambo walokho ababecabanga ukuthi kwakuyi-hasrosaur. Emva kwalokho, bashesha baya endaweni lapho bethole khona.

Sekukonke, abakwa-Horner, uMakela, neqembu labasebenza ngama-paleontologists abahamba nabo bathola izidleke eziyishumi nane, amawundlu angamashumi amathathu nanye namaqanda angamashumi amane nambili. Kepha lokho bekuyisiqalo nje. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngonyaka we-1984, abakwa-Horner bathola ungqimba, lapho kwakukhona khona iMayasaur engaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi. Ngokwenye inguqulo, bafa lapha ngenxa yokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, kodwa mhlawumbe ngeke sithole iqiniso.

IMayazaur yayingamamitha ayi-9 ubude futhi inesisindo esingamathani ayisithupha. Izintokazi zaseMayazaur zakha izidleke ezinjengezitsha odakeni nasehlabathini, zaze zazifaka ngotshani obumnandi. Izinduna zazakha amakoloni wonke, kanti umama kaMayosaurus wayezungeza amaqanda akhe ebusuku ukuze azifudumeze. Isidleke ngasinye sasicishe sibe ngamamitha ayi-0.9-1,2 ububanzi kanye namamitha ama-2. Amathole okudonsa ayenobude obungama-35 cm kuphela, kepha lapho sezinezinyanga ezimbili zikhula kabili.

Ngokusho kwabanye ochwepheshe, uMayazaura wondla amawundlu abo, aqale ngokuhlafuna ukudla kwezitshalo abese ekubhakela wona ukuze angabekezeleli nokudla okunzima.

IMayazaura yayingama-herbivores athanda ukuthula futhi ayedla izitshalo zokudla, ikakhulukazi amahlumela namaqabunga, okuqinisekisa ukuba khona kwama-molars amaningi. Kwakungama-molars ayehloselwe ukugaya ukudla kwezitshalo okuqinile futhi ayeyilungele le nhloso.

UMayazaura isikhathi esiningi wayesuka emilenzeni emine futhi ehola indlela yokuphila yomhlambi. Izazi zesimo sezulu zamehlo zikwazile ukukuthola lokhu ngeminonjana eminingi abashiyela yona. Njengama-hadrosaurs amaningi, abakwaMayasaurs babehlala emhlanjini omkhulu, besuka ngezikhathi ezithile beyofuna amadlelo amasha. Ngokusobala, ngezikhathi ezithile babehlaselwa abahlaseli, kodwa lezi zilwane ezinkulu ezinokuthula zazisindiswa ngobuningi bazo.