Igama lesi Latin: | AbakwaMilvus bafuduka |
Isigcawu: | Ama-Falconiformes |
Umndeni: | Hawk |
Ongakukhetha: | Incazelo yezinhlobo zaseYurophu |
Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. Isidlakela sobukhulu obuphakathi (kabili nesigamu sikhulu kunefoloko). Ubude bomzimba 48-60 cm, isisindo 750-11 500 g, amaphiko ama-cm 130-180 cm. Owesilisa nowesifazane bayefana ngombala, bacishe bafana. Ukugoba kukhanya, amaphiko nomsila kudlulile, zibonakala zikhulu kakhulu ngokulingana nenyoni. Imilenze imfishane, "ibhulukwe" lezimpaphe eziphakeme zakhiwa emlenzeni ongezansi, umphambili awunamikhonto, imilenze nomlomo awunamandla.
Incazelo. Umbala ojwayelekile usuka kwesikhumba uye onsundu, ikhanda lilula, linombala onsundu. Imisebe emnyama evimbekile ithuthukiswa eceleni kwekhanda nomzimba, iphethini yokufiphaza kutholakala ezinqeni nasezimpondweni. Uthingo lube nsundu noma luphuzi-nsundu, uqhwaku lube mnyama, izicucu zemilenze engenamikhawulo ziphuzi. Endizeni, ibamba amaphiko amade “aneminwe” echazwe kahle (iziqongqangi zezimpaphe eziyinhloko) kwiplanethi efanayo nehele. Imvamisa ukuhamba phezulu, ukwenza izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi emoyeni, ukuqondisa, ukuqondisa umsila onwebekile. Ukusuka ngezansi, ngaphansi kokukhanyisa okuhle, ubona imivimbo emnyama ecwebezelayo eminyeneyini bese indiza izimpaphe, “amafasitela” akhanyayo kancane emaphikweni akhiwa ngundiza wokuqala wokugcina. Ingwevu engaphansi komsila iyaqhathanisa nebhulashi elinsundu elimnyama. Ngaphezulu kwamaphiko kukhona ukukhanya kwe-diagonal okubonakalayo okwakhiwa yizimbobo zezimpaphe zesibili.
Izikhungo ezingaphansi zaseMpumalanga M. m. umugqa, «ikhayithi elinamehlo amnyama", Sakaza empumalanga yeVolga, ngokubukeka okukhulu entshonalangaM. m. abafudukayo, ihlukaniswa izimpaphe zendlebe ezimnyama, amaphiko ahlukanayo, lapho kubonakala khona “amafasitela” aluhlaza, futhi “iminwe” nezinsiba zephiko lesibili zimnyama ngokusobala, futhi ngokungafani okuphansi komsila onomsila ongaphansi komsila. Le nyoni encane ihlukile kumuntu omdala ngombala ogqamile ngaphezulu - izinhlamvu eziningi ezikhanyayo ezifihliwe engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba, imingcele ekhanyayo ephikweni futhi zimboze izimpaphe zephiko, nendawo emnyama eseduze kwamehlo. Ama-wax nama-paws abuthambile, aphuzi ngokuphuzi.
Izimpiko zenyoni ezindizayo zihlukile kakhulu, ngaphansi kufakwe “ifasitela” elikhanyiswe kahle elingaphansi futhi iphethini yokudla okufihlakele ezihlahleni phezulu. Kwesinye isikhathi ibala elikhanyayo lenyanga kwi-hypochondrium liyabonakala. I-notch emsila ingaphansi, umsila ongaphansi awuhlukanisi ithoni nomsila. Ihluke kuzo zonke izinyoni zethu ezidla inyama, ngaphandle kwekitheli elibomvu, ngomsila otshalwe kancane, ngomsila osabalele, i-tendloin ingahle ingabonakali. Lapho lenyuka, amaphiko ayagoba kancane, isibaya se-carpal siyabonakala.
Izwi. I-trill ephezulu yokudlidliza ifana nokujaha kwe-foal "kiyyuyuyuyuyu"Ishaya ikhwela ngokukhathazeka"Ngiyaphuza"I-Creaky"kirri"Jerky"I-Ki-Ki-Ki-Ki».
Isimo Sokusabalalisa. Uhlobo lwendabuko lubhebhetheke kuyo yonke impumalanga ye-Russia eRussia izidleke ukusuka enyakatho ye-taiga (engatholakali) kuya emahlathini esiqhingi sendawo eyi-steppe nezindawo eziqhelile (ezivamile). Ubusika ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziphansi zase-Asia nase-Afrika, abanye abantu abangagugiyo bandiza lapho. Isibalo sehle kumashumi eminyaka asanda kwedlula, empumalanga yesifunda izinhlobo zemvelo zivame kakhulu.
Indlela yokuphila. Ithanda izindawo ezinemibala emihle, imvamisa emathafeni akhukhula, eduze kwamachibi nasezigungwini, emaphethelweni ezinkundla zokuhlala. Igwema amahlathi aqhubekayo nezikhala ezivulekile ngokuphelele. Umqokeleli ongacaciswanga, wondla inyamazane ehlukahlukene ebukhoma, i-carrion, kanye nodoti, ekudleni entshonalanga yesifunda okuphethwe inhlanzi eluma, ama-amphibians, ama-invertebrates, namagundane asempumalanga. Kwakha ukunqwabelana, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi se-off-sonto, ezindaweni zokulahla inkunkuma, ezindaweni zokulahla udoti, eduze nasezindlini zokuxhela, lapho kudlala khona indima yendoda kadoti.
Ifika ekuseni, ngesikhathi kuvulwa imifula kanye neqhwa. Izidleke ezincanyana nezingabonakali zakha kakhulu emqhele. Izinto zokwakha izidleke zifaka umquba, izindunduma, imfucumfucu ehlukahlukene, utshani obusha namagatsha aluhlaza. Imvamisa isebenzisa izidleke iminyaka eminingana. Eningizimu, kwesinye isikhathi kwakha izindawo zokuhlala eziminyene zababili noma ngababili. E-clutch kukhona amaqanda ama-2-5 amhlophe anamabala ansundu. Isambatho sokuqala sokwehla sencanyana sibomvana ngokubomvu, okwesibili ngwevu. Esidlekeni, izinyoni ziyaqaphela, kwesinye isikhathi zinolaka. Izinyoni ezincane zishiya isidleke ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5 ngemuva kokuzinamathisela. Indiza iqala ngo-Agasti kuya ku-Okthoba, kwesinye isikhathi imihlambi yamashumi namakhulu ezinkulungwane zezindiza indiza.
Ukubukeka
Usayizi wekite elimnyama uyahlukahluka kububanzi ukusuka kumasentimitha angama-40 kuye kwangama-60 ubude nesisindo somzimba esingu-800 kuya ku-1200 amagremu. Ngobukhulu bayo, ayibhekelwa phansi njengegwababa. Ubukhulu balesi zinhlobo bunikezwa ngamaphiko amakhulu, afanayo ngobukhulu bomzimba wonke, ubude bawo bufika kumitha elilodwa nesigamu. Umbala we-plumage umnyama onsundu, obonakala umnyama kude. Indawo yekhanda ine-grey tint futhi ihlukanisa kancane ngombala weplamu yonke. Abantu abasha bangakhanya ngombala. Imilenze ibuthakathaka futhi imfushane.
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I-kite emnyama ekundizeni
I-kite emnyama ihlukaniswa ngokubonakala kwayo okubonakalayo. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwamehlo, imvamisa ibukeka inolaka. Ungahlukanisa ikati elimnyama noma kude. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu isici somsila, esendizeni efanayo sinamaphiko ngenkathi indiza. Umsila wenza umsebenzi wokuqondisa indiza. Ungakhomba futhi ikhayithi ngomsindo wayo wezinhlamvu, ofana no-trill.
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Habitat
I-kite emnyama iyizinhlobo eziningi ezinendawo enendawo ebanzi. Sisabalale e-Afrika, eMadagascar, e-Asia, ezindaweni eziningi eziqhingini, eNew Guinea naseNyakatho Australia. Kukhona ikhayithi elimnyama eRussia nase-Ukraine. Ukhetha ukuhlala emahlathini ama-steppes acebile emifuleni. Lezi zinyoni zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezikhukhulayo zemifula namachibi. I-Nesting ingahlala emadolobheni amakhulu. Ehlobo, bakhetha ukuhlela izidleke emagatsheni ezihlahla ezide.
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Umsoco
I-kite emnyama idlozi elijwayelekile elinamakhono amahle okuzingela. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokusebenziseka kwayo, ingakwazi ukulandelela imithombo yokudla yabantu nezilwane. Kwakunama-kites ayezingela abadobi ababebaholela ezindaweni zokudoba. Lapho sebethole indawo ngokudla okwanele, amakhayithi amnyama awagijimisi ukuyozingela, ancamela ukulinda aze athole okuthile asele.
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Ama-kites amnyama angadla ku-carrion ehlukahlukene kanye nodoti. Njengomthetho, iphesenti elikhulu kakhulu lokudla kwabo liqukethe lokhu. Izinyoni azithandi ukungazingeli izilwane ezinkulu ezincelisayo, ngoba ngenxa yezinyawo ezibuthakathaka, zingakwazi ukubhekana nezisulu. Okuwukuphela kwenyamazane abayibamba kalula ngezinyawo zabo yizinhlanzi ezincane.
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Izilwane eziphambili ezakha ukudla kwekati elimnyama yilezi: izinduku, inhlanzi, ama-amphibians, izibankwa, izinambuzane, izibungu kanye nama-crustaceans. Kaningi, izisulu zazo zihlala emifuleni noma eduzane. Ngalesi sizathu, bakhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinamachibi, ngoba lapho kulula khona ukuzingela nokuthola ukudla kwabo. Ama-kites amnyama athanda ukubulawa yizilwane ezibulewe, ngoba azodinga inani elincane lomzamo ukuze azibambe.
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I-Nesting
Isikhathi sokuzala kwama kites amnyama kuphawulwe ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni zibuyela ebusika emuva zibuyele endaweni yazo. Ukuhlelwa kwezidleke kwenzeka ezihlahleni eziphakeme ngamamitha ayi-10. Izindawo ezikude kakhulu zamahlathi zikhethiwe ukuze izidleke zingalingani. Abanye abantu bangahlela izidleke emadwaleni. Ngobukhulu bawo, isidleke singafinyelela ububanzi bamamitha. Izinyoni zithanda ukudlela izidleke ezifanayo kuze kube yilapho zingabonakali ngokuphelele. Minyaka yonke, izinyoni zimatasa zithuthukisa izidleke zazo. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo yizimbambo ezahlukahlukene, udoti, amagatsha nakho konke okungatholakala eduzane.
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Isithombo
Isikhathi sokufakelwa sithatha amasonto amane. Kwibhodi elilodwa kunamaqanda ama-2-4 egobolondweni elimhlophe nasezinkalweni ezinsundu. Owesifazane kuphela obandakanyeka ekubambekeni. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa ufuna ngentshiseko inyamazane. Abesifazane baqaphela kakhulu ngesikhathi sokubopha. Endabeni yabantu abangabazi, bangakwazi ukucasha ezidlekeni noma ukudonsa phambili ibanga elincane ukusuka kwesitha esingaba khona. Lapho insikazi ibona ukuthi isidleke sayo isengozini, iyaqala ukuhlasela. Ugxuma ngokuxwaya futhi agxume ngezihlakala ebusweni bakhe.
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Izinyoni ezihlala eduze kwamadolobha zingahlasela abantu ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile. Ama-kites amnyama anokhahlo anjalo ahlala eNdiya nase-Afrika;
Amachwane azalwe anombala onsundu noma obomvu. Ezidlekeni, ukukhula kwabancane kuziphatha ngokhahlo. Amakati angalwisana, kwesinye isikhathi okuholela ekufeni kwelinye lamachwane. Eminyakeni engama-5 amantombazane, amakhayithi asemasha aqhamuka esidlekeni azame ukwenza indiza yawo yokuqala. Lapho sebefika ezinyangeni ezintathu baba mikhulu njengezinyoni ezindala. Ukuya ezindaweni ezifudumele kuqala ngo-Agasti futhi kuqhubeke kuze kube sekupheleni ekwindla.
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Amachwane amnyama kite
Indlela yokuphila
Ama-kites amnyama ahlukile kwezinyoni eziningi ngoba zivame ukwakha amakoloni. Zijwayele ukukhuphuka isikhathi eside, ngaphandle kokwenza amaphiko okushaya. Isikhathi esiningi zenyuka buthule emoyeni. Ezinye izinyoni zikhuphukela eziphakeme kakhulu, okungelula ukuthi zibonwe. Isikhathi sonke sinikelwe ekufuneni inyamazane elula.
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Kujwayelekile ukuthi kulezi zinyoni ukuhlobisa indawo yezidleke zazo. Ngale ndlela bakhombisa amandla abo kwezinye izinyoni. Futhi, izinyoni ezikubonile lokhu zingahlela ama-skirmishes nge-kite emnyama. Izinyoni ezibuthakathaka nezigulayo azithandi ukusebenzisa izinto ezengeziwe ekuhlelweni kwesidleke, ukuze zingacunuli ezinye izinyoni ukuba zilwe.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani ikati emnyama?
Lezi zilwane zingezokuhleleka okufana nophisi, umndeni we-hawk nohlobo lwama kites weqiniso. Uhlobo lufaka izinhlobo ezi-2 kuphela: ama-kites amnyama nokubomvu, ahluka ngombala we-plumage kanye nokwakheka komsila.
Njengama-Hawks amaningi, izinsikazi ezimnyama zama-kite zikhulu kancane kunabesilisa. Ukukhula kwabantu abadala kusuka ku-48 kuye ku-60 cm onesisindo somzimba esingu-800-1100 g.Izibonakaliso zomuntu ngamunye zifinyelela ku-1.5 kg.
Ukubonakala okujwayelekile kwale nyoni kukhombisa ukwakhiwa okukhanyayo namaphiko amade kakhulu nomsila okuhlobene nomzimba. Imilenze yekiti emnyama imfushane, emilenzeni ngaphambi “kwamabhulukwe” afrighi akhiwe izimpaphe ezinde abonakala kahle. Ikhanda lenyoni lincane, lincane, liwomlomo wamaphiko amaningi, aphakeme futhi abukhali, agobile phansi ngokuqinile, kepha abuthakathaka.
Isici esiyingqayizivele sohlobo lwe-kite emnyama ngumsila oboshelwe, othinta kakhulu uma inyoni ihlala. Kodwa-ke, ikhefu elisemsileni wekhayithi elibomvu lijule kakhulu, ngokusho kwalesi sibonakaliso, izinyoni kulula ukuzihlukanisa. Izimpiko ezibanzi zekite elimnyama zifinyelela kubude obuyi-41-51 cm, ubude bufika ku-155 cm.
Izinhlobo zama kites amnyama zakha ama-subspecies ayi-5, phakathi kwawo lapho abakwaMilvus befuduka, abizwa nangokuthi yi-European noma Western kite, kubhekwa njengabaphikisayo. Imvamisa esithombeni sekiti elimnyama lokhu okubhalwe phansi kuyathunjwa, njengoba kusakazeke kabanzi futhi kujwayelekile kakhulu.
Owesilisa nabesifazane kite abamnyama banombala ofanayo. Umbala oyinhloko weplamu ikakhulukazi onsundu noma onsundu nge-tint ebomvu. Ikhanda lenyoni lihlala lilula, kwenzeka ngombala we-ashen. Imisipha emnyama yobude obude ibonakala kahle kuwo wonke umzimba nasekhanda.
Umbala wamehlo kite omnyama uvela ku-brown brown kuya ku-brownish brown. Uqhwaku lu nsundu, izingxenye ze-waxen nezingahlotshwanga zezidladla ziphuzi ngokugqamile.
Enye imininingwane engaphansi kwayo - i-black-eared noma i-empumalanga kite, etholakala endaweni yaseRussia, ihlukile kulowo oqokiwe ngosayizi abakhulu nezinsiba ezimnyama "ezindlebeni".
Ikayithi emnyama.
Uhlala kuphi umkhondo omnyama?
Abamele izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zekite elimnyama zivamile futhi ziningi kulo lonke elaseYurophu; e-Asia zitholakala ngaphambi kwePakistan.
UKite onamehlo amnyama uhlala empumalanga yeVolga, eSiberia, e-Indochina ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeChina.
Empumalanga yePakistan, emahlathini ashisayo aseNdiya naseSri Lanka, kuhlala amakhayithi amancane aseNdiya.
Abamele enye i-subspecies, egama layo elihunyushwa ngokuthi "kite-umsila kite" bahlala esiqhingini saseSulawesi, ePapua New Guinea kanye nasempumalanga ye-Australia.
Futhi ama-subspecies wesihlanu - i-kiteese yaseTaiwan, ihlala esifundazweni saseChina saseHainan naseziqhingini zaseTaiwan.
Izakhamizi zase-Yurobhu zichitha ubusika e-Afrika, izindawo ezishisayo zase-abamnyama zisahlala impilo yokuhlala phansi.
Kuwo wonke uhla lwazo olukhulu, izinyoni zikhetha ama-biotopes afanayo: ama-sparse emahlathi asondele emithonjeni yamanzi - imifula, amachibi noma imabula. Ezindaweni ezinjalo ungathatha izithombe ezinhle zekhayithi emnyama futhi uzwe izwi layo: i-high melodic trill "yurl-yyurrrl", futhi uma kwenzeka kune-alamu, i- "ki-vi-ki-ki" ephindwe kaningi.
Izidwengu zigwema izindawo ezivulekile zomhlaba, futhi azikho emahlathini aminyene. Kepha eceleni kwezindawo ezihlala kuyo izinyoni ezijwayelekile, imvamisa amakhayithi amnyama ayaqapheleka emadolobheni amakhulu, lapho izinyamazane zinokuthile okuzuzisa kuzo.
I-Black kite, i-Altai Republic, isifunda sase-Ulagan, eningizimu yeLake Teletskoye.
Idlani ikati elimnyama
Abanini bemilenze ebuthakathaka kanye noqhwaku, lezi zinyoni zingezabaqokeleli okuthiwa abangochwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, isisekelo sokudla kwekhekhe elimnyama luhlobo oluhlukile lwe-carrion. Ezikhukhuleni zezinyoni, izinyoni zithatha inqwaba yezinhlanzi ezinamakhanda amnyama, zivame ukuvakashela imfucumfucu yokulahla udoti, ukuthathwa kwenhlabathi yedolobha kanye nomakhelwane bezindawo zokuhlatshwa, lapho zidla khona imfucuza ehlukahlukene.
Inyamazane ebukhoma ayitholakali ekudleni kwezinyamazane. Ama-kites amnyama abamba izinduku ezincane, kwesinye isikhathi izinyoka namaxoxo, aqoqe amakhrayoni kanye nezimbaza emanzini angajulile, kubanjwa izibungu nezinambuzane, kudliwe namachwane nezinyoni ezincane.
Ngesikhathi sokudla, amakhayithi amnyama abekezelela izihlobo, iziqu ezinkulu zezinyoni zingabonakala ekuphakanyisweni komhlaba kwamadolobha, lapho zidla khona noma zihamba phezulu ngaphezu komhlaba. Ekuzulazuleni, izilwane ezidla ezinye zigcina amaphiko azo endizeni efanayo nomzimba, kuyilapho “iminwe” ibonakala kahle - izeluleko zezimpaphe zezimpaphe zivezwa ngokuqinile, kepha azisabalalisiwe.
Ama-kites amnyama akhuphuka kaningi futhi isikhathi eside, kwesinye isikhathi ahlela imibukiso yomoya yangempela ngama-somersault kanye nokuqondisa okunzima. Umsila oboshelwe usiza izinyoni ukuba zihudule.
E-Europe, usizi lwabantu abahlukumezayo luphezulu kangangokuba kwezinye izindawo amakhayithi amnyama ahluleka ukuhlala endaweni yakubo. Ngemuva kwalokho izinyoni ziyaphoqelelwa ukuba zizondle ezindaweni zakwamanye amazwe nezidleke ngamaqembu amancane ngamabili angenamhlaba.
Ikayithi emnyama.
UBlack Kite (uMilvus wafuduka)
UBlack Kite (uMilvus wafuduka)
I-Black Kite (AbakwaMilvus bafuduka) - inyoni ye-oda Falconiformes ebhalwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu yesiFunda saseMoscow
Inyoni edla inyama imaphakathi ngosayizi, kodwa ngenxa yamaphiko ayo abanzi futhi amade nomsila omude, ibonakala inkulu kakhulu kunokuba iqhude. Umbala impela uyimpilo - nsundu emnyama, ikhanda lilula kancane kunomzimba. Abesilisa nabesifazane abafani ngemibala. Intsha ilula kakhulu kunabantu abadala, enamachashaza esifubeni nasesiswini. Ama-kites ahlukile kwezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama ezine “foloko” yomsila onendawo engasho lutho.
Izwi lekithi liphezulu futhi liyathuthumela, ukukhala kufana kakhulu nokuqhaqhazela.
Kusakazwa kabanzi e-Eurasia, e-Afrika nase-Australia. Izimpi emahlathini ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, emaphethelweni, emasimini, emhlabeni wezolimo, imvamisa eduzane nemizimba emikhulu yamanzi.
Idla ekudleni inyamazane ephilayo kanye ne-carrion. Idla amagundane, izinambuzane nezibungu, kwesinye isikhathi, zizingela inyamazane nezinyoni ezindala. Ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla yinhlanzi, kokubili okuhlala nokulala. Kaningi umuntu angabona amakhithi ehlwitha inyamazane ebusweni bamanzi epheshaneni. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo nama-amphibians zivame ukubanjwa. Imvamisa idla emfucumfucwini ohlukahlukene wokudla emfucumfucweni kadoti nasekulahleni komhlaba.
Esiqeshini sethu inyoni efudukayo. Ubusika e-Afrika.
Ezindaweni zokuzalela ngokuvamile kuvela maphakathi no-Ephreli.Izidleke ze-perennial, ezisetshenziswa ngababili unyaka nonyaka. Imvamisa zakhela isidleke emqheleni, zigubha kahle. Isisekelo siqukethe amagatsha amakhulu namagatsha. Kufakwa izigaxa zotshani, umquba owomile, izigaxa ezahlukahlukene kanye nodoti wephepha. Unyaka nonyaka, isidleke siyaphothulwa futhi siyabuyekezwa. Ebumbini ikakhulukazi amaqanda ayi-2-3, amhlophe anendawo yokugqwala. Owesifazane uyashisa. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuhlala inyanga. Amakati ahlala esidlekeni kuze kube izinyanga eziyi-1.5. Bobabili abazali bondla ndawonye amachwane. Ukukhulisa amachwane endiza ephuma esidlekeni, isikhathi eside kugcinwe kusondele kubazali bawo. Zindiza ziyodla ubusika ukusuka ngo-Agasti kuya ku-Okthoba.
Izizathu zokuncipha kwamanani ukuqothulwa okuqondile, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okulungele izidleke, ukwehla kweningi lezinhlanzi, nokungcoliswa kwezidumbu zamanzi, ngaphezu kokugcotshwa kwezihlahla ezinde zamanzi ezikhula nezikhukhula.
Habitat
Izinyoni zalo mndeni zingatholakala e-Australia, zivame ukubonakala e-Afrika, ngaphandle kwenkangala yaseSahara. Zitholakala eMadagascar, emaqenjini aseningizimu naphakathi ne-Asia. Futhi kuyabonakala eziQhingini zasePhilippine, enyakatho ye-Australia, eNew Guinea. Akuvamile ukuthi lesi sidlakela sitholakale e-Ukraine naseRussia. Akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokungangabazi ukuthi i-kite emnyama iyinyoni efudukayo. Ezindaweni lapho izimo zilungele yena, angaphila impilo yokuhlala. Futhi lapho kungenakukwazi khona, kuvame ukundiza entwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, bese kuba yisikhathi sobusika ngo-Agasti.