Okuncane kakhulu phakathi kwamadada. I-Teal incane izikhathi ezintathu kune-mallard. Ikhwela alidluli ngamasentimitha angama-38 ubude. Imvamisa ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-30. Le nyoni ayinasisindo esingaphezu kwama-450 amagremu. Abesifazane, njengomthetho, banesisindo esingaba ngu-250.

Ukubonakala kwenyoni

I-teal-cracker inyoni encane ebude bayo buhlukahluka kusuka ku-34 cm kuya ku-41 cm. Izimpiko zedada zingamasentimitha angama-64-68. Isisindo somuntu oyedwa singama-300-480 g.

Amadraki ahlukile kuzinyoni kolunye uhlobo ngokuzalwa kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• imivimbo emhlophe ngenhla kwamehlo
• Ikhanda lenyoni limsundu
• umbala ompunga onemingcele yensimbi emhlophe,
• i-sternum nentamo zinombala onsundu ngombala ngemicu emide emide.

Abesilisa banesici esisodwa esisodwa sokweyisa - amabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emaphikweni. Kulokhu zihlukile kwezabesifazane, kepha ehlobo lolu phawu alukho, ngoba amadraki ashintsha umbala unyaka wonke ngenkathi kuncibilika.

Izinsikazi, ngokungafani nabesilisa, zinemibala emnyama emnyama enemibala emhlophe. Isibuko kumadada, njengakuma-Drakes, sipendwe ngombala omnyama, kepha sikhanye kakhudlwana.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu zomzimba

Isisindo somuntu omdala singama-gramu angama-200-450, afinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-35. Amaphiko amancanyana akhonjwe phansi, azisiza ukwenza iqhinga elingacabangi - lizosuka endaweni yalo, buthule. Izinyoni zindiza ngokushesha, ijubane lifinyelela ku-80-90 km / h futhi liqonde kalula.

Abesifazane nabesilisa bafana kakhulu ngokubukeka. Ngokwesisindo, izinsikazi zincane kancanyana kunabesilisa, izimpaphe zimpunga ngokupunga ngokubomvu okuluhlaza okotshani. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi unganakwa lapho ubopha inzalo. Abesilisa bahlukaniswa ngumucu wesibuko emaphikweni nakuqhwaku lomnyama. Kepha ngesikhathi sokuphola banokubukeka okuhlukile ngokuphelele. Izimpaphe ziba nsundu kucezu oluncane olunemivimbo emnyama eluhlaza engabonakali emaphikweni, intamo nekhanda kubomvu ngombala obomvu, isifuba sivele sipinki, siphenduke izimpaphe ezimhlophe esiswini. Lapho-ke kuye kuthiwe ukuqunjelwa, futhi baphinde babe namakhaya, njengabangane babo. Abesifazane banombala owodwa unyaka wonke.

Izinhlobo Teal

Azikho izizathu ezinhle zokwehlukanisa ama-teal kuhlobo oluhlukile, ngoba luhluke kancane kumamallards, ngaphandle kosayizi omncane. Kulokhu, babizwa ngokuthi amadada asemfuleni. Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-20 zamabele zibaliwe, ezahluka ngemibala yezimpaphe, izindawo zokuhlala, izwi:

• EMadagascar
• Grey,
• nsundu
• oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• nsundu
• isifuba,
• zemabula nezinye izinhlobo eziningi.

Ezweni lethu, izinhlobo ezi-4 zivamile: i-whistler, i-crackler, i-rattle kanye ne-marble teal. Inani lamabili okugcina lincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke afakwa ku-Red Book, kanti ukuzingela kuvunyelwe kuphela kumhlophe okhalayo. Umjikelezo wempilo mude, kunecala lokuphila kokusinda kwethali ukuya kufinyelela eminyakeni engama-21.

Inyoni eshaya ikhwela. Incazelo, izici, izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, indlela yokuphila kanye nezindawo zezinso

Emvelweni kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni ezahlukahlukene ezizizwa ziqiniseka, emanzini nasemhlabeni. Iningi lazo ziyizilwane ezihlobene, kepha zinezimpawu ezihlukile ekubukekeni, indlela yokuphila, imikhuba nendawo yokuhlala.

Ngakho-ke eqenjini lamadada, inyoni encane kunazo zonke futhi emangalisa kunazo zonke iyimpempe ye-teal. Lo mbhalo uzochaza kabanzi ngokuthi le nyoni ihluke kanjani kwezihlobo zayo nokuthi itholakala kuphi. Kuzophinde kunikezwe shaya ikhwela esithombeni, kubo bonke ubukhazikhazi bayo.

Incazelo Nezici

I-Teal Whistle encane kunazo zonke, i-waterfowl yomndeni wamadada. Duck igama lakhe ngenxa ukushaya ikhwela. Izwi labo licacile futhi liyindodana, likhumbula ngokwehlukile umsindo we "trick-tyrrrick." Kepha kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi abesilisa kuphela abanikezwe lesi sici.

Abesifazane benyamalala kakhudlwana emakhaleni, kancane kancane behlisa ithoni yemisindo eyenziwe. Noma izwi lokukhala kwecele sonorous impela, kunzima ukubona le nyoni. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezihlobo zazo, la madada abukeka emincane futhi engabonakali.

Isici esihlukile sedada lomfula ngamaphiko. Zincane kakhulu futhi zikhomba. Ubude bawo buyi-38 cm, kanti isikhewu singama-58-64 cm. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukususwa kwezinyoni cishe kuya mpo, futhi indiza iyashesha futhi ithule. Ngokuqondene nosayizi nombala, zincike kubulili bamadada.

Isisindo sedrake yabantu abadala siyahluka phakathi kuka-250-450 gr. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa banekhanda elinombala we-chestnut elinomucu obanzi odlulayo. Kuqala kusukela ekuqaleni kwamehlo bese kuphumela esifubeni. Ibala liluhlaza okwenziwe ngesimo, kufana nethonsi. Ngasemaphethelweni ayo kukhona imivimbo ephuzi-emhlophe kanye namachashazi amancane.

• isifuba - grey ukukhanya, namachashazi amnyama okwehla,
• isisu simhlophe
• amahlombe namahlombe - okubhemayo, okunamaphethini we-wavy oguqukayo,
• ingxenye engezansi yomsila imnyama, inamaconsi amakhulu aphuzi,
• amaphiko anezinhlavu ezimbili, ngombala ngaphandle omnyama ngaphandle, luhlaza ngaphakathi ngaphakathi ngentinti emnyama.

Ehlobo nasekwindla, umbala wedrako uyafana nowowesifazane. Ingahlukaniswa ngephethini engenakuqhathaniswa yamaphiko kanye noqhwaku olumnyama.

Ikhwelakazi Lensikazi incane kakhulu kunowesilisa. Isisindo somzimba wakhe - 200-400 gr. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nedrake, ayiguquki umbala wayo phakathi nonyaka. Ikhanda ledada linombala ompunga omnyama ngombala onsundu. Ushizi nomphimbo zimhlophe.

• emuva - amapayipi amnyama ansundu,
• isisu simhlophe,
• amahlombe amahlombe, izinhlangothi, nangaphansi kufiphala ngombala onsundu ngemikhawulo ansundu.

Isibuko sowesifazane sinombala ofana nowowesilisa. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambili nangemuva kwayo kuhlanganiswe ngamabhande amhlophe.

Teal Whistle Duck kubhekisa ohlotsheni olulodwa lwetial. Kukhona ezingama-20 zazo. Phakathi kwazo ngokwazo, ziyahlukahluka ngobubanzi bazo, amaplamu, isisindo, nezwi. Phakathi kwazo, okufundwe kahle kakhulu yile:

Zonke lezi zinhlobo zinegama elihambisana nokubukeka kwazo nendawo yokuhlala. E-Russia, ngaphezu kwempempe, itali elivame kakhulu libhekwa njengelokuqhekeka. Ungahlukanisa lezi zinyoni phakathi kwazo ngalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• I-Cracker inkulu kune-whistle. Isisindo saso ngokwesilinganiso cishe singama-gramu ayi-500.
• Ama-Crackers anobuhlalu obukhulu obunsundu, onesisekelo sombala ophuzi.
• Eqhekeni elisekhanda kukhona umucu omkhulu omhlophe ogeleza ngaphezu kwamehlo.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziyahlukahluka ngamazwi abo. Ama-Crackers enza imisindo ikhumbuza ngokungafani "i-crer-crerrer".

Kukhona futhi isici esibonisa ukuthi sihlanganisa wonke amabele. Bashesha ngokwanele, banamahloni futhi bayacophelela. Kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu, izinyoni zisondele ekuqothulweni. Izizathu zokuqothulwa kwabo ngukuzingela, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo nokuqothulwa kwamahlathi.

Kukufanele ukwazi! Ngenxa yesibalo esikhulu sabantu, ukuzingela endaweni yaseRussia Federation kuvunyelwe kuphela kwabamhlophe. Ukudutshulwa kwabaphula umthetho kujeziswa yinhlawulo yokuphatha.

Umsoco

Imbele ingulube oluxubile, ngakho-ke ayinakho ukusweleka kokudla. Ukudla kwamadada ehlobo kuyinto:

• izinambuzane nezibungu zazo,
• ama crustaceans amancane
• ama-mollusks
• tadpoles
• izibungu.

Ngokuqala kokuphola kuzwakala ikhwela iya ekudleni kwemifino. Ekuondleni, ukhetha izitshalo zasemanzini, adle izimpande zazo, amaqabunga nembewu. Izinyoni zidla ikakhulu emanzini angajulile, kulezo zindawo lapho zingaqoqa khona ukudla okuvela phansi kodaka.

Imvamisa ngalesi sikhathi, amadada awabhukudi, kodwa ahambe ngezinyawo zodaka. Ezindaweni ezijule kakhulu, amachwane awashona ukuthola ukudla. Ukuze benze lokhu, babhapathiza amakhanda abo ngemilomo emanzini, futhi umsila kanye nemilenze iphakanyiswe ngaphezu kobuso bethala.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Isici esiyingqayizivele sokwenza impempe ye-teal kusuka kwamanye amadada ukuthi ifika ngamabili entwasahlobo esevele esakhekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banemininingwane ethile yokuzalanisa. Imidlalo yokuhlobisa yezinyoni yenziwa ngaphezulu kwamachibi. Ngemuva kokucindezela ikhanda lakhe ngaphambili komzimba bese ephonsa uqhwaku wakhe emanzini, iziyingi zowesilisa zizungeza insikazi.

Ngemuva kwalokho uphakamisa ikhanda lakhe futhi welulele amaphiko akhe. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaconsi amanzi akhuphukela emoyeni. Umdanso wedrake uyaphindwa futhi. Owesifazane naye ubandakanyeka kwinqubo yokuthandana. Njengoba eseduzane nodrako, ulingisa impi nezitha, azisongele ngomlomo wakhe phezu kwehlombe.

Ngemuva kokukhwelana, amadada ngokushesha aqala ukwakha isidleke. Bakhetha indawo yokubekela amaqanda emithini eminyene noma ngaphansi kwezihlahlana ezikhula eceleni kwerebi. Owesifazane wenza umsebenzi wokwakha isidleke. Ukwakha isakhiwo, okokuqala ugaya umgodi omncane emhlabathini.

Ngemuva kwalokho igcwalisa ukujula okuholele okuholela lapho kuphakamisa khona. Eduze kwaso sonke isidleke, idada libeka phansi. Izimpaphe ezansi zizosebenza njengokushisa amaqanda futhi zivikele namantshontsho lapho zilunyulwa insikazi.

UDrake akabambi iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwesidleke. Kodwa-ke, uhlala eduze kwedada ukumxwayisa ngengozi. Ngaleso sikhashana, lapho insikazi iqala ukuntywila amaqanda, iyamshiya.

Ngokwesilinganiso, idada lizala amaqanda angama-8-10. Abanye abantu bayakwazi ukuthwala futhi cishe izingcezu eziyi-15. Ukuzala okunjalo kubhekwa njengenye yezici zokuxhaphaka okuphezulu kwezidakamizwa zamabele nokuphindaphindeka kwazo. Amaqanda edada mancane ngosayizi, ngombala ophuzi-oluhlaza ngombala, aphakama kancane. Ubungako bawo bungamamitha ayi-5.

Imikhaza izalwa ngasikhathi sinye, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-24-30, emva kokwenza. Amantshontsho amadada ambozwe nge-fluff ephuzi nge-tint eluhlaza okotshani. Masinyane nje ngemuva kokuzalwa, amaphuphu agibela ngaphansi kwesisu sedada. Lapho, zoma ngokuphelele futhi zisusa isikali samaqanda.

Isici esibonakalayo samadada we-teal-whistle ukuthi azimele kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa kuzelwe, amaphuphu ayakwazi ukuphuma esidlekeni esifihlekile. Ngosuku olufanayo, bafunda amakhono okubhukuda, ukudonsa nokuthola ukudla kwabo.

Amakhwela ezinsimbi abhekwa njengamakhulu eminyaka. Uma zingabulawa izifo futhi zingabi yizisulu zabaphangi noma abazingeli, isikhathi sokuphila kwabo siyiminyaka eyi-15 noma ngaphezulu. Ngokuzalela ekhaya, impilo yezinyoni ingakhuphuka ifike eminyakeni engama-30.

Ikhwela Hunt Hunt

Inyama enamakhaza ibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokuqina kwayo nokuphakama ngenxa yokuthamba kwayo. Ngakho-ke, zivame ukuba yisihloko somthombo okhethekile wokuzingela. Ukuvimbela ukwehliselwa phansi ukuzingela kwempempe kuvunyelwe kuphela kusukela enyangeni ka-Agasti. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngalesi sikhathi kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ukuhlangana kwamadada.

Abazingeli basebenzisa izilwane ezifuywe ukuheha umdlalo. Ikhophi lezinyoni eliqondile lisungulwa esihlahleni esiseduze kwamanzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, izilwane ezigxile emzimbeni kufanele zenze iqembu elincane, lapho izinyoni zingajoyina khona.

Ibuye isetshenziswe njengesiheyidi ukukhohlisa ikhwela le-teal. Ngemuva kokuzwa izwi lezihlobo, amadada andizela emhlambini olingisayo ahlala phansi. Njengoba lezi zinyoni zingenamahloni kakhulu, umzingeli akufanele acashe ezihlahleni. Ngesikhathi sokusondela komdlalo, angaba sikebhe ngokuphephile esikebheni esiseduze nedolobha.

Amadada wokudubula anconywa esikhundleni sokuhlala noma lapho uhleli. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngesikhathi sokudutshulwa, ubuso ekuntweleni kokusa kufanele buqondiswe ekuphumeni kwelanga nasekushoneni kwelanga ngasekushoneni kwelanga.

Uma kunomlilo ongafanele noma i-miss, umzingeli akufanele adubule enyameni ekhuphukayo. Iqiniso ngukuthi ukukhipha kwakhe kungumbani ngokushesha futhi kushesha, ngakho-ke kuzoba nzima ukungena kukho. Kungcono ukulinda ukuthi idada lenze imibuthano eminingana emoyeni bese liphinda lihlale phansi kubabazi.

Amaqiniso Ahehayo

Kuwo wonke amaqembu e-duck teal-whistles kubhekwa njengezinyoni ezingakhululeki kakhulu. Bathola ukudla kwabo ngenkani emanzini nasemhlabeni. Kulokhu, amadada ayadukiswa ngenkathi ehamba emoyeni.

Kodwa-ke, zivame ukuba izisulu zabazingeli. Futhi konke ngoba abazi ukuthi bazifihle kahle, bacashe futhi bagijime emhlabeni. Phakathi kwezinto ezimangazayo ngezimpempe ze-teal, ama-ornithologists nawo ahlukanisa:

• Naphezu kokuthatha ngokushesha, amadada andiza buthule.
• Kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, isikhathi sonke abanokubukeka okufanayo.
• Inani elikhulu labamhlophe lichazwa iqiniso lokuthi ukubathola bemvelo kunzima impela.
• Njengoba zikhula, amaphuphu aphelelwa amandla okuntywila.
• Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lapho ebeka amaqanda, idrama iseceleni kwedada, ukhetha indlela yokuphila yesipele.

Enye into eyinqayizivele eyenzeka emadolweni amadali. Kaningi, izinsikazi kanye nabesilisa bacashe ngokwehlukana. Iningi lamadrako ngenkathi ebandayo lihlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, futhi amadada aya eningizimu.

Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, abantu basebenzise kakhulu imithombo yemvelo futhi bazingela, ngenhloso yokuthakazelela ezemidlalo kuma-waterfowl. Lokhu kube nomthelela omubi kakhulu ezinganeni teal. Kulokhu, iSOPR inxusa izakhamizi zaseRussia ukuthi ziyeke imisebenzi yokudoba ezinyoni bese zichitha izindawo zazo.

Teal Whistler

Ezincanyana kakhulu yizimpempe ze-teal. Owesilisa omkhulu unesisindo esingama-450 amagremu, isisindo sowesifazane sincane. Ubude bomzimba buphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-3,5. Ngenxa yamaphiko akhonjwe emaphethelweni, ithole lingasuka ngqo emanzini, ngenkathi zihamba buthule. Bahlala emathangeni aminyene.

Ukuvela kwabesilisa nabesifazane akuhlukile kakhulu: izimpaphe ezinombala onsundu onesisu esincane esikhanyayo. Kepha ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, amathole ahamba ngokushintsha umbala. Iba ngundabamlonyeni, ikhanda lithola i-orange hue emnyama ngemivimbo emibili eluhlaza engabonakali evezwe umngcele omhlophe. Ukuheha idada, uqala ukushaya ikhwela kakhulu nangokuzwakalayo. Ekupheleni kwesizini, i-whistler duck molts ibuyele kumbala wayo wangaphambili. Abesifazane bahlala benombala owodwa we-feather.

IKlokotun

UTeal Klokotun (klokotunok) usabalele eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Ukubonakala kowesilisa ngesikhathi sokuqomisana muhle kakhulu. Ezinhlangothini zinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka we-plumage, nasesifubeni - pink, ekhanda kungathi ugqoke isigqoko esimnyama esinemivimbo yegolide ezinhlangothini. Esikhathini sokuthula, izinsikazi kulula ukuzihlukanisa nabesilisa. Amadada ansundu-grey anezici ezihlukile:

• umugqa oyindilinga omnyama nomhlophe ozungeze amehlo,
• amabala amhlophe ekuqaleni komlomo.

Abesilisa bayakhuluma kakhulu, bangezwakala yonke indawo: kokubili emanzini nasekubalekeni. Imvamisa yokufuduka kwetial yenzeka emasimini enelayisi elikhulayo, alithanda kakhulu. Ukonga izilimo, abantu banoshevu noma babeke amanetha, ngaleyo ndlela banciphise inani lalolu hlobo lwamakhala.

Isimanga semabula

Ubuningi bezinhlobo bukhulu kakhulu kangangokuba akunakutholakala endle. Phambilini wayehlala echibini elincane lasentabeni yeCaspian nasesifundeni somfula. Volga. Okokugcina lapho abonwa ngo-1984, umbono uyanyamalala kancane kancane.

Isisindo se-teal singama-gramu angama-400-600, umbala wezimpaphe ungwevu onsundu ngezinsundu ezimhlophe. Ukubonakala kwabesilisa nabesifazane kucishe kufane. Umehluko omkhulu ovela kwezinye izimbotshana yikhono lokuhlala emagatsheni ezihlahla ungene ngaphakathi emanzini.

Habitat

Amathayi ahlala kulo lonke izwe lethu kanye namazwe e-CIS, ngaphandle kwezifunda zasenyakatho. Isimo esikhulu sokwakhiwa kwale ndawo yokuhlala yizindawo ezinamanzi amancane angajulile namanzi amile, agqunywe kakhulu yizimila. Izindawo ezinjalo zigcwele izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla: izinambuzane, izitshalo, ama-mollusks. Zitholakala emathangeni ngasogwini. Imvamisa izindawo zokuhlala zitholakala kude namachibi, njengoba ngesikhathi sasehlobo izinga lamanzi echibini liyancipha, futhi ngenxa yalokho, indawo yokuhlala isuswa emanzini.

Ukusuka ngoSepthemba kuya kuNovemba, ukufuduka isikhathi eside kobusika kuyaqala. Imvamisa abesifazane nabesilisa bahlala bodwa ngokwehlukana. Amadada aya ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu, nabesilisa - enyakatho.

Ukudla

Amathiphu adla konke okhula futhi ehlala echibini labo. Ukudla kufaka:

• ama-mollusks, ama-crustaceans amancane,
• izinambuzane nezibungu zazo,
• izibungu
• izitshalo emanzini nasemhlabeni (eduze namanzi), imbewu yazo, izimpande.

Ukuze bathole ukudla, bagxumela emanzini, bashiya kuphela umsila onama-paws ngaphezulu. Izinhlayiya zidlula amanzi ngogodo, zihluza izinhlayiya ezidingekayo zokudla okunempilo. Baqoqa nokudla emhlabathini.

Ububanzi be-Nesting

Sisatshalaliswa engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Eurasia entshonalanga neBritish Isles neFrance. Enyakatho, ifinyelela kwezinye izindawo ogwini lwe-Arctic, kepha ayikho eYamal enyakatho ye-69 ° C. N, enyakatho yeYenisei kwangama-71 ° N. N, esigodini saseKolyma enyakatho ka-69 ° N. w. Izakhamuzi ezisentshonalanga kakhulu zitholakala e-Iceland, e-Faroe Islands naseCorsica, empumalanga kunazo zonke - esiQhingini sase-Aleutian empumalanga kuya e-Akutan, iziqhingi zasePribylov, i-Commander, iziqhingi zaseKuril, iSakhalin, iHokkaido kanye nenyakatho yeHonshu. Eningizimu yebanga, kudleke e-Asia Minor, eTranscaucasia, eKazakhstan eningizimu ukuya e-Uralsk, Atbasar, Southwest Altai naseZaysan Basin, enyakatho neMongolia, enyakatho-mpumalanga yeManchuria kanye nePrimorye.

Ibanga lobusika

Esimweni sezulu esifudumele saseNtshonalanga neNingizimu neYurophu, ukuzalanisa nobusika kuyahluka. Isibonelo, eGreat Britain nase-Ireland yingxenye nje yezidleke zezinyoni, kepha ngesikhathi esibandayo inamba enkulu yamadada endiza evela e-Iceland ayijoyina. I-Teal evela eScandinavia, eFinland, iBaltic ithi, enyakatho-nentshonalanga yeRussia, inyakatho yePoland, iJalimane neDenmark nazo ziya enyakatho nentshonalanga yeYurophu. Ezinye izixuku ezihlala ngokwengxenye zaqoshwa eNetherlands, eFrance, eCaucasus, entshonalanga yeAsia Minor, ogwini olusenyakatho yoLwandle Olumnyama, kanye naseningizimu ye-Iceland eduze kwesiqhingi saseVestmannaeyjar. Amaphesenti wezinyoni zobusika kulezi zifunda ziyahlukahluka: ebusika obukhulu, kuyanda, kepha ebusika obuthambile, kunalokho, kuyancipha.

Kwatholakala iziqubu ezinkulu zabamhlophe ebusika eMedithera, kufaka phakathi yonke i-Iberian Peninsula (amadada ebusika eNtshonalanga yeMedithera kusuka eCentral Europe, Yurophu YaseRussia kanye NaseSiberia Yasentshonalanga, empumalanga esuka e-Ukraine, enkabeni yeRussia naseTrans-Urals), enyakatho nentshonalanga I-Afrika eseningizimu eMauritania, eJapan naseTaiwan, kanye naseNingizimu Asia. Ezinye izindawo ezibalulekile zobusika yiNayile Valley, i-Middle East, i-Persian Gulf, izindawo ezinentaba ezisenyakatho ye-Iran, South Korea kanye namazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Izindawo eziqhelelene nazo ziyabonakala ogwini lweLake Victoria, engxenyeni yoMfula iSenegal, endaweni enamakhithikhi eningizimu engenhla yoMfula iCongo, esigodini nasentabeni yoMfula iNiger, e-Indus Delta. Izindiza zaseRandom zaqoshwa eZaire, eMalaysia, eGreenland, eziqhingini zaseMariana, ePalau naseYap Islands. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpukane ezivame ukubonwa ezinyakatho ziyabonakala eNyakatho Melika ngasogwini lweCalifornia naseNingizimu Carolina.

Umnotho

Impempe ye-teal ingeyeqembu le-okuthiwa "teal real" - amadada amancane asemfuleni asondele enxanxatheleni yezitolo nezinhlobo zayo ezihlobene nayo, okusobala ukuthi, la avela kuleli qembu. Ngokubambisene ngotshani obuluhlaza obunamaphiko futhi ophuzi, kwakha izinhlobo ezijwayelekile. Ngaphandle kwalokhu okuqokiwe, kungahle kube nokwamanye ama-subspecies A. c. nimia, evamile eziQhingini zase-Aleutian, ezinobukhulu obukhulu obuthile.

Abanye ababhali babheka le teal enamaphiko ohlaza okotshani aseNyakatho Melika njengengxenye ye-whistle-teal, kanti iWorld Conservation Union kanye ne-birdLife International bathambekele ekuhlanganyeleni lezi zinhlobo. I-American Society of Ornithologists ayikasenzi isinqumo sokugcina ngalolu daba.

I-Teal Whistle yaqala wachazwa ngokwesayensi ngudokotela waseSweden futhi isazi semvelo ngoKarl Linnaeus ngonyaka ka-1758 kuhlelo lweshumi lohlelo lwayo lweNdalo. Kulomsebenzi, uLinnaeus wayichaza ngokuthi "indishi enesibuko esiluhlaza kanye nomucu omhlophe ngenhla nangaphansi kwamehlo," futhi okokuqala okukhulunywa ngale nhlobo kutholakala encwadini yakhe yokuqala "I-Fauna yaseSweden" (Fauna svecica) Buka igama i-crecca Ukulingiswa kwe-onomatopoeic ngokukhala kowesilisa, igama elifanayo lenyoni litholakala ngezilimi eziningana zase-Yurobhu - isiSwedish ("kricka"), Bokmål ("krikkand"), Danish ("krikand") kanye nesiJalimane ("krickente"). Igama lesiRussia ikhwela futhi kubhekisa amandla wedraki ekushayweni kwempempe enobuntu.

Ihlala kuphi le nyoni?

I-teal-cracker ihlomisa izidleke zayo esimweni sezulu esipholile, ikakhulukazi empumalanga yeYurophu naseningizimu yeSiberia. Lolu hlobo luvame ukutholakala ehlathini-steppe, i-steppe noma endaweni yamahlathi ahlanganisiwe.

Ebusika, le nyoni ishiya indawo yayo evamile yokwakha izidleke iqonde eningizimu. Lokhu kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti noma Septhemba. Ingatholakala ezwenikazi lase-Afrika eningizimu yeSahara.

Le nyoni ihlala eduze namachibi avulekile, osebeni lwayo olunothile oluhlaza. Idada livame ukutholakala echibini elincane, kepha akuvamile esigodini somfula omkhulu. I-teal cracker izidleke eduze nezidumbu zamanzi.

Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nezimo lapho le nyoni ikhetha indawo ehlala kude namanzi. Amadada walokhu kuzalanisa agwema amahlathi aqinile nezindawo zezintaba.

Imicikilisho yomshado

Ngenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa bazama ukuheha ukunakwa kwabesifazane ngawo wonke amandla abo. Zintanta izintokazi isikhathi eside, zikhombisa imibala yazo emihle, amaphiko ezinsimbi, zenza imisindo emhlophe ekhalayo. Ukuphendula lokhu, idada liyathuthumela. Imvamisa teals ikhuphuka futhi indize phezu kwayo ekhethiwe, ngaleyo ndlela idonsela ukunaka kwabesifazane hhayi kuphela, kepha nabazingeli.

Izici zezinyoni ezizalisayo

Amadada amancanyana afinyelela ekuthangeni cishe ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, kepha ingxenye yawo engenalutho ihlala ebusika futhi ayindizela esidlekeni.

Lezi zinyoni ziyinyumbane. Imibhangqwana eminingi izimisele ekwindla ngaphambi kokundizela ezimpini ezifudumele. Izinyoni ziza zidleke ngamaqembu. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoMashi eNtshonalanga Yurophu nakuMeyi empumalanga nasenyakatho.

Teal egcotshwe ukuzingela

Lolu hlobo lubonakala ngokuba khona kwemidlalo yokuthandana, okusho ukuthi isenzo esilandelayo:

• Ukudonsa kubhukuda ngemuva kwensikazi, izimpaphe zayo ziyahanjiswa, noqhwaku lwayo luphansi,
• intamo yowesilisa iyeluliwe, uyayihlikihla, aze aphonse ikhanda emuva noma iphakamise phezulu phezulu,
• zonke izenzo zedrake zihambisana nokukhala okungajwayelekile okufana nokuqhekeka,
• futhi, owesilisa angaphonsa ikhanda lakhe uhlangothi, ngenkathi ephakamisa iphiko,
• ngesikhathi sokudlala ngothando, ukudonsa kukhuphuka kancane ngaphezulu kwamanzi bese kushesha amaphiko awo,
• owesilisa, ebhukuda duck, uphendulela ikhanda lakhe eceleni kwakhe, elinombala ogqamile,
• insikazi, njengokudonsa, inikina ikhanda, inyongo. Ebuka phambi kowesilisa, angahlanza izimpaphe ngemuva.

Izinhlobo ze-Whistle

Abalindi bezinyoni ikhwela le-dal teal yabelwa emfuleni, njenge-mallard. Iqhawe lesihloko lingenye yezinhlobo zohlobo olunezinwele. Kubandakanya teal. Kukhona ezingama-20 Kanye nekhwela elichumayo, kunezinhlobo zezilwane ezisekupheleni kokuqothuka, ngokwesibonelo, ngemabula.

Le teal yagcina ukubonwa ngo-1984. Mhlawumbe izinhlobo zezilwane zafa njengedada, i-gogol. Khumbula isisho esithi: - "Uyahamba-ze"? Ngakho-ke ngekhulu lama-21, i-gogol esemhlabeni ihamba kuphela ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Izinyoni ezinegama elibusayo zaqothuka.

Isithombe ngumbele wemabula

Kukhona ne-teal eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, grey, Madagascar, Auckland, brown, brown, Camp Camp kanye ne-chestnut teal. Kulowo nalowo kubo kukhona elinye igama. Lokhu kuletha ukudideka engqondweni yomphakathi. Impempe, ngendlela, nayo inamagama angeziwe: amancane, ubulili, umqali.

Phakathi kwama-teals, ikhwela lithandwa kakhulu ngabazingeli ngisho namabhizinisi okubanjwa kwezinyoni eziningi. EYurophu, ngokwesibonelo, iqhawe lemibhalo likhishwa esikhungweni sezimboni. Kwama-100% enyama eyosiwe, ama-70% afanelekile ukuthengiswa. Izinkomba ezinjalo zingakwazi "ukuqhosha" amayunithi ezinyoni.

Inyama yempempe iyindlela yokudla, elula ukuyilungiselela, inokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu nokwakheka kuka-Vitamin-mineral.

Ngamunye, abazingeli bayabekeka ukukhohlisa ikhwela le-teal. Ngokunembile, babeka udayi obolile ogcwele izinto. IMankom, nokho, ikhipha imisindo enezici ezinemisindo. Izinyoni zoqobo zindiza phezu kwazo. Kusele ukubadubula abaqamekeli.

Izinhlobo Teal

Ngokwe-anatomally, inyoni yethumbu ifana nemallard. Umehluko phakathi kwabo usayizi womzimba. Izazi zesifo sezinhlungu azihlukanisi le nyoni njengohlobo oluhlukile. Ngakho-ke, teal ngokusemthethweni ibhekisela kumadada asemfuleni.

Isayensi yazi cishe izinhlobo ezingama-20 zewatali. Ziyahluka ngombala wezimpaphe, indlela yokuziphatha, izwi nendawo yokuhlala.

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu:

• isifuba
• EMadagascar
• nsundu
• oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• mpunga
• nsundu
• I-Auckland
• kloktun,
• zemabula nezinye.

Ensimini yezwe lethu kunezinhlobo eziningana zalezi zinyoni ezithakazelisa ukugwedla kanye nabazingeli abaqoqa iziphondo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, itali yemabula ibhalwe ku-Red Book, futhi ikloktun ithathwa njengeyizinhlobo ezisengozini. Ukuzingela eRussia kuvunyelwe abamhlophe kuphela, abantu babo abangasongelwa ngokuqothulwa.

Incazelo ejwayelekile yezinhlobo

Isisindo sedada endala yi-400 amagremu. UDrake unesisindo esingu-100 amagremu. Cishe wonke umzimba wamadada umbozwe izimpaphe ngombala onsundu, grey kanye ne-beige. Ngobulili, ubulili obunamandla buhlukaniswa ngombala ogqamile kanye nokuba khona kwezimpaphe zombala ohlukile ekhanda. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, amadrama abukeka afana namadada.

I-teal-whistle ihlukaniswa umucu okhanyayo oluhlaza okotshani, osendaweni yeso.

Eqhekekeni lesikhumba, lo mgwedla unemibala emhlophe.

I-plumage teal yemabula iqukethe izithunzi ukusuka kokumhlophe kuya kokumpunga okumnyama. Zihluka ngokuya ngomgomo wesikali. Lokhu “kufihla” kuvumela inyoni ukuba ingabonakali emathangeni aminyene amachibi.

Isici esiyingqayizivele senyoni: indiza, ayidingi ukugijimiswa. Lokhu kusungulwa ukwakheka okuncane futhi okubukhali kwamaphiko. Ngakho-ke, ukuthatha i-duck, idada alidali msindo futhi lenza kanjalo lapho lihamba khona.

Idada ledada liyinyoni ebukekayo, egugayo. Yize ubukhulu bayo futhi bunesizotha, akuyona into okuqondwa kuyo kalula ezinyoni ezidla inyama. Kunzima ukumfica endizeni uzwe ukuthi uhleli kanjani phezu kwamanzi.

Zenza kanjani lezi zinyoni?

Izinyoni zibeka izidleke zazo engxenyeni eshisayo yesithango sezikhukhula eduze kwamanzi, imvamisa ngaphansi kwezihlahla noma ngaphansi kwamathangi aphansi. Kwezinye izimo, atholakala ezimeleni ezivulekile ebangeni eli-100-150 m ukusuka endaweni yokugcina amanzi.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isidleke siseduze namanzi, sihlala sitholakala endaweni eyomile yomhlabathi. Ukuqhekeka kwetiye ezimeni ze-steppe izidleke eduze kwemifula noma amachibi amancanyana. Kwesinye isikhathi ngisho lokhu kwenzeka eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala.

Idada leli lenza isidleke esijule ngokwanele, esiyindawo yokuphumula emhlabathini. Le nyoni imbe umgodi ngokwayo ngoqhwaku lwayo. Isidleke sifakwe ngotshani obomile ne-fluff, eligcina ukushisa ngenkathi ingekho inyoni endala.

Esidlekeni sinye, isilinganiso samaqanda ayi-7 kuya ku-12 sifakwa. Zinezimo ezijingijolo ne-tint ephuzi nge-tint yomnqumo. Ubungako beqanda elilodwa ngokwesilinganiso ngu-45 mm x 32 mm, futhi isisindo ngu-26-27 g.

Idada lalokhu kuzala lihlala esidlekeni cishe izinsuku ezingama-22- 24. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungasondela kuye futhi umthinte. Owesilisa phakathi nayo yonke inkathi yokubekwa kwezinsuku nezinsuku ezimbalwa emva kwalokho akukude esidlekeni, emva kwalokho uzolungisa isikhathi esithile sonyaka.

Amadada azalwa ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ngemuva kokuqunjelwa, isisindo sam amaphuphu singama-20-22 g, kanti lapho sezinsuku ezingama-22 sezivele zinesisindo esingu-240-250 g. Amadada ashiya isidleke ngokushesha. Ziqala ukundiza zineminyaka engama-3840.

Ukuncibilika kwezinyoni kwenkathi yezinyoni

Teal ukuqhekeka sheds kabili ngonyaka - ehlobo ngemuva kwenkathi yokuzalela kanye ekwindla ngaphambi kokundiza ezimpini ezifudumele. Ukushintshwa ngokuphelele kwamaplamu kuqala ngoJuni futhi kungaqhubeka kuze kube ngu-Agasti. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaplamu omzimba nekhanda aqala ukuguquka. Lapho-ke isika umsila nezimpiko.

Ngalesi sikhathi, abashayayo baqoqa ngamaqembu amancane abantu abangu-7-9 futhi abagcinwa emathangeni aminyene. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokuncibilikisa, abesilisa bavame ukundizela ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi ezingashoni, lapho bezondla khona ngokudla kwezilwane.

Ukudonswa komshini okulandelayo kwenzeka ngaphambi kuka-Okthoba. Ezinyoni, i-plumage yangaphakathi iyashintsha emzimbeni nasekhanda. Le nqubo ibambezeleka kuze kube nguFebhuwari, futhi kwezinye izimo kuze kube uMashi.

Kwabesifazane, izinkathi ezimbili zokuncibilikisa ziveziwe. Imvamisa, amaplamu aguquka ukusuka ngo-Agasti kuya ekuqaleni kobusika. Entwasahlobo, i-fluff encane, okuhloselwe isidleke, ngokuyinhloko isala ngemuva. Uma i-duck ingenayo i-brood, ukuncibilika kwayo kwenzeka ngesikhathi esifanayo nesilahla.

Isabelo sezinyoni

Ukuphamba ubhontshisi ikakhulukazi udla kulokhu kudla okulandelayo:

• ama-mollusks
• izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, izibungu zazo - omiyane, izimbungulu zamanzi, izimpukane ze-caddis, ikamu
• izinqe, izibungu, gazinga, ama crustaceans amancane,
• izingxenye zezitshalo - mollusk, Hornwort, Wallisneria,
• imbewu ye-rezuki, yanda, brambleweed, sedge.

Ukudla kwezilwane kwenza ingxenye enkulu ekudleni kwenyoni (cishe i-26-27% yokudla okuphelele). Ngaphezu kwalokho, la madada akhetha ama-mollusks. I-50% yokudla kwezinkukhu iqukethe izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zembewu kanye nama-23-24% kuphela ezingxenye zezitshalo.

Ukuzingela izinyoni

Amadada aqhekezayo ngokuvamile aba yinto yokuzingela lapho ehlala khona. Kulokhu, ubunzima obukhulu isisindo esincane senyoni. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ama-crackers abangela iphesenti elikhulu lokukhiqizwa okuphelele ngesikhathi sokuzingela ngenxa yobuningi bamaxoxo.

Futhi, lawa madada abhekelwa inyama enambitha enokuqukethwe kwamafutha aphansi. Isidumbu senyama esivamile sinesisindo esingama-300 g, nesisindo esili-430-450 g. Abanye abalimi bazama ukufuya inyoni. Iyabekezelela ubugqila futhi iphindaphindwa.

Ukuzingela izinyoni ezihlaselayo kuvunyelwe. Encwadini ebomvu, banikezwe isimo setekisi elincane elinobungozi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lezi zinyoni azisongelwanga ukuqothulwa. Yize eminyakeni yamuva nje isibalo sabaqhekeki sehle kakhulu.

Isikhathi sokuzala

Ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ukukhulelwa kwe-teal kwenzeka. Imicikilisho yokuheha umlingani kudoti iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ihlala isikhathi eside kunamanye amadada asendle. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuqomisana imbuzi yeduna ilandela hhayi kuphela abamele izinhlobo zayo, kodwa nezinye izinhlobo zamadada.

Azungeze idada, usika imibuthano eminingana emzungezile, ekhombisa isibuko sakhe esibukhali emaphikweni. Ngasikhathi sinye, iduna likhala kakhulu, likhala lize lishaye amaphiko alo. Umdanso uphindwa kaningi. Uma idada libonisa ukuthandwa, liphendula ngomugqa futhi, kanye nodoti, likhuphukele emoyeni. Ngenkathi lo mbhangqwana uzungeza umdanso wokulinganisa, womabili amadada ahlala eyisisulu sezinyoni zezinyamazane nabazingeli.

Teals, njengamadada amaningi, monogamous. Babhanqa impilo.

Isithombo

Kwakhiwa isidleke sedada ledada ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-100-150 ukusuka emthonjeni wamanzi oseduze. Izikebhe eziminyene zotshani nezihlahlana zasogwini zikufanele lokhu. Njengendaba yokwakhiwa kwezinyoni usebenzisa amaqabunga owomile, utshani, amahlumela. Phansi kubekwe izimpaphe zazo noboya bezilwane.

I-clutch eyodwa iqukethe amaqanda amahlanu kuya kwayishumi nesithupha. Lokhu kungafani kubangelwa ukwanda kwesibalo sabantu kanye nesibalo sabantu esifundeni. Ngenkathi umama edonsa inzalo, kwenzeka ukuthi i-molting ivele kudoti futhi ngalesi sikhathi iyasuswa.

Imikhaza izalwa kusukela ngomhla wama-22 kuye kwelama-30. Lesi sikhathi siqala ngoMeyi-Julayi. Kuyashisa izwe lokuhlala, sifushane isikhathi sokufuduka. Izinkukhu zakhiwe ngokuphelele, zisebenza futhi zilungele ngokomzimba ukuziphilisa okuzimele kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala. Umama ufundisa amakhono okudla nokubhukuda wezingane.

Uma i-duckling ingazange iwele ngaphansi kwezihlakala zabazingeli futhi ingazange ihlaselwe yizifo, endle izophila iminyaka engama-20. Lapho inyoni igcinwa ekhaya, inethuba ngalinye 'lokugubha' iminyaka engama-30 yayo.

Umqondo

Bahlala bodwa kumasryry izinsuku ezingama-21 kuye kwezingama-24. Amaqanda ahlukile ngombala: amhlophe no-ukhilimu, amathunzi omnqumo ne-ocher. Ngokwesimo, ahluka futhi kancane ezinhlotsheni ezihlukile zetial, ngokwesibonelo, ku-codfish anesimo esidlulile, kanti kwabamhlophe banesimo esiyindilinga xaxa. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwamabele amancane, afunda ngokushesha ukubhukuda futhi alandele nonina. Isembozo sezimpaphe sowesifazane sishintsha ngemuva kokusukuma konke komntwana kuleliphiko.

Amahlaya

Amahlumela avela ekudleni kwentwasahlobo, ezindaweni eziseningizimu ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kanye nasehlobo, nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho maphakathi nehlobo. Owesifazane ubanakekela izinyanga ezimbili, aze aqale ukuma ephikweni. Umzimba omncane wezingane umbozwe nge-fluff; ukusuka phansi umbala wazo uphuzi, futhi kusukela phezulu - luhlaza okotshani. Banamandla amakhulu, bangazitholela ukudla, bashayele kahle, futhi bayakwazi ukuhamba emanzini nasemhlabathini.

Njengoba sesifinyelele enyangeni ubudala, ukukhula okuncane kuqala ukuba namaphiko. Kancane kancane, bafunda ukundiza ngaphezulu kwamanzi nokuhamba amabanga amade. Ngemuva kokuthola amakhono, amabhele aguqula i-fluff yezingane ibe izimpaphe bese eqala ukwakha imihlambi. Ngakho-ke bayazulazula ezindaweni ngezindawo beyofuna ukudla. Izwa ingozi, insikazi inika isibonakaliso esikhethekile ezwini layo, okusho ukuthi izingane kufanele zibheke endaweni yokuhlala.