Ukuphazamiseka KweSali

Hlukanisa hyposalivation futhi hypersalivation.

• I-Hyposalivation (hyposialia), kuze kube yilapho sekuqediwe ukwakheka nokwakhiwa kwamathe emithanjeni yomlomo.
+ Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-hyposaliover.
- Ukulimazeka emithanjeni ethambile (ngokwesibonelo, lapho eshiswa, kubhujiswa izicubu ezikhulayo zesisu, ukususwa kokuhlinzwa, i-atrophy ye-parenchyma, ukubekeka ubuthi noma imisebe yokungena).
-Ukuncintisana kwemisipha yemisipha ye-salivary kusuka ngaphandle kanye / noma ukuvalwa kwabo ngaphakathi (ngesibungu sezicubu ezizungezile, uketshezi lwasemuva, izicubu ezishayo, itshe, ubisi oluningi).
- I-hypohydration ebalulekile futhi ehlala isikhathi eside yomzimba (iholela ekunciphiseni kwengxenye ewuketshezi lwamathe).
- Ukwephulwa komthetho we-neurohumoral wenqubo yokwenziwa kwamathe (ngokwesibonelo, ngomonakalo kuma-neurons we-hypothalamus, i-cortex, kanye neziqu zemithambo engaphakathi emzimbeni, kanye ne-hyperthyroid state).

+ Imiphumela ye-hyposalivation.
- Ukugcwala okunganele nokuvuvukala kwenhlama yokudla.
- Ubunzima ekuhlafuneni nasekugwinyeni ukudla ngenxa yomswakama onganele kanye nomlomo owomile we-mucosa (xerostomia).
- Ukuthuthukiswa okuvame kwe-stomatitis, i-gingivitis, glossitis, caries zamazinyo. Lokhu kungenxa yokushoda kwe-lysozyme nezinye izinto ezibangelwa i-bactericidal elincane lamathe kanye nomonakalo kulwelwesi lwe-mucous olomile yizicucu zokudla ezinganyisiwe.
- Ukusebenza okunganele kwama-carbohydrate ekudleni ngenxa yokushoda kwe-amylase ngamathe. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kunxephezelwa ama-amylases wamathumbu futhi, ngokuvamile, akuholeli ekuphazamisweni okukhulu ekugayweni kokudla.

• I-Hypersalivation (hypersialia) - ukwakheka okwandayo kanye nokuchithwa kwamathe emgodini womlomo.
- Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu: ukwenziwa kwempembelelo ye-neurogenic parasympathetic gust gthen (amakhemikhali we-vagus ngaphansi kwethonya lezidakamizwa, ubuthi, ne-neurosis, i-encephalitis), i-acute stomatitis ne-gingivitis, ukudakwa komzimba ngamakhompiyutha we-zebus, i-nicotine, izinto zasendlini (ene-uremia , i-coma, i-toxicosis yabesifazane abakhulelwe), i-infP emgodleni womlomo, ukuhlaselwa kwe-helminthic.

+ Imiphumela ye-hyposalivation.
- Ukucushwa kanye alkalization kokuqukethwe esiswini ngamathe ngokweqile. Lokhu kunciphisa umsebenzi we-peptic wejusi le-gastric, amandla alo we-bacteriostatic and bactericidal.
- Ukusheshisa kokuphuma kokuqukethwe esiswini ku-duodenum.
- I-Hypohydration yomzimba lapho ukhafulela amathe amaningi noma uwuphonsa emlonyeni ezigulini ezigula kakhulu.

Izinkinga zokuhlafuna

- Izimbangela eziphambili: izifo ze-oral cavity (i-stomatitis, i-gingivitis, i-glossitis, i-periodontitis, isifo se-periodontal, njll.), Ezihambisana nobuhlungu, ukuntuleka noma ukungabikho kwamazinyo, i-pathology yokuhlangana kwemisipha yomjovo ophansi (ngokwesibonelo, ukwaphuka kwamathambo, ukuqina kwemisipha, i-hypertonicity yawo) , ukuhlafuna okunganele kokudla (ngokwesibonelo, lapho kudliwa "usohambeni", ngenkathi ufunda, njll.).
- Imiphumela engaba khona: ukulimala okwenzeka ku-mucosa esiswini ngokudla okuhlafunwe kabi, ukugcinwa kokulimala kwesisu nokuhamba kwengqondo.

Ukugwinya nokuphazamiseka kokuhamba kokudla i-esophagus ifaka i-dysphagia, i-iggia (kusuka ku-d. dys - ukuphazamiseka, i-phagein - idla) nokungasebenzi okuhlukahlukene kwe-esophagus.

I-Dysphagia ne-tiggia

• I-Dysphagia - izimo ezivezwa ubunzima bokugwinya ukudla okuqinile namanzi, kanye nokufakwa kokudla noma uketshezi ku-nasopharynx, i-larynx nepheshana lokuphefumula elingaphezulu.
• I-Aphagia - isimo esibonakaliswa ukungakwazi kokugwinya ukudla okuqinile noketshezi.

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-dysphagia.

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu emgodini womlomo (ngenxa yezinqubo zokuvuvukala, izilonda zolwelwesi lwe-mucous, ukulimala noma ukuqhekeka kwamathambo kaswazi, njll.).
• I-Pathology yokuhlangana kwamahlaya asezingeni eliphansi kanye / noma imisipha yokuhlafuna (ngokwesibonelo, i-arthrosis, isifo samathambo kanye nokugunda, i-hypertonicity noma i-hypotonicity yemisipha yokuhlafuna, i-paresis yabo nokukhubazeka komzimba).
• Ukulimala kuma-neurons wesikhungo sokugwinya nezindlela zako (kaningi ezimweni zengozi ye-cerebrovascular).
• Ukwephulwa kokugcinwa okuhambelana nokusebenza kahle kwemisipha ye-masticatory (ngokwesibonelo, ngomonakalo kanye / noma ukuvuvukala kwamagatsha wesitho sangasese sowesilisa, i-trigeminal, glossopharyngeal nerves).
• Izinqubo ze-Pathological ku-pharynx ne-esophagus (ngokwesibonelo, izibazi, ama-neoplasms, izilonda).
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo (ngokwesibonelo, ama-siggia esiqeshini sendawo ehlanzekile noma ukucindezela okukhulu).

Imiphumela ye-dysphagia ne-esegia.

• Ukuphazamiseka kokudla kokudla esiswini kanye (maqondana nalokhu) ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla nokudla okunempilo.
• Ukwanda kokudla ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-bronchospasm, i-bronchitis, i-pneumonia yokufisa, ubhavu lwamaphaphu.
• I-Asphyxia (lapho inani elikhulu lokudla lingena emgudwini wokuphefumula, ngokwesibonelo, kubahlukumezeki botshwala noma lapho beshiya i-anesthesia).

Ukungasebenzi kwe-Esophagus

Ukungasebenzi kwe-Esophagus kubonakaliswa ubunzima bokuhambisa ukudla ngokusebenzisa i-esophagus, ukungena kwawo esiswini nokuphonsa okuqukethwe esiswini ku-esophagus (Reflux). Imvamisa, ukungasebenzi kwe-esophageal kukhula emazingeni ama-sphincters aphezulu nangaphansi.

• I-esophageal sphincter ephezulu ne-esophagus.
+ Izimbangela zokungasebenzi kahle kwensophageal.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Neurogenic yokulawulwa kwe-motility ye-esophagus (ngokwesibonelo, nge-encephalitis, i-dystrophic kanye nezinguquko ezibhubhisayo kuma-neurons we-vagus nerve kanye ne-intramural esophageal plexuses, ngokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ngaphansi kwezimo zokucindezela kwe-pathological). Ngasikhathi sinye, amathonya esitho sangasese sowesifazane akhulisa ukuhamba kwe-esophagus, futhi ama-encramural plexuses angasebenza zombili (ngokusebenzisa i-cholinergic muscarinic m2 receptors) kanye nokuvimbela (ngokusebenzisa izingqimba ze-nicotine ne-muscarinic m1 receptors) ukuncishiswa kwezendlalelo ezinde nezindilinga zemisipha ye-esophagus.
-Ukuhlukaniswa kobuhlungu bethoni ne-peristalsis ye-esophagus. Yimiphumela eyeqisayo ye-VIP ne-nitric oxide.
- Izinguquko ezenzeka odongeni lwe-esophagus (ngokwesibonelo, ngemuva kokushiswa ngamakhemikhali noma okushisayo, nge-dermatomyositis noma i-scleroderma ejwayelekile, ngemuva kokuphiliswa kwezilonda nokuguguleka okukhulu).
- I-Spasm yodonga lwe-esophagus (ngokwesibonelo, esopha-gospasm yendawo noma yokudlulisa ezimeni ze-neurotic noma ukumunzwa kwengcezu enkulu yokudla okuqinile).

+ Imiphumela yokuwohloka kwesophageal. Ukuphazamiseka kwemoto okuyinhloko kwe-esophagus kufaka i-achalasia futhi kuphazamise ukuqhuma kwesisu.
- I-Achalasia yisimo esibonakaliswa yi-spasm yesikhathi eside ye-MMC odongeni lwe-esophagus, i-sphincter yayo ephansi, ukulahleka kwe-peristalsis nokuphumula okunganele kwe-sphincter.
- Diffuse spasm we-esophagus. Kubonakala ngokuncipha kweMMC yazo zonke izingxenye zodonga lwe-esophagus ngenkathi igcina ithoni ejwayelekile (ngokuhlukile ku-achalasia) ye-esophageal sphincter ephansi.

• I-esophagus ephansi kanye ne-esophagus sphincter ephansi.
+ Izizathu.
- Ukwephulwa kwe-cholinergic innervation odongeni lwe-esophagus (ngokwesibonelo, nge-encephalitis noma i-neuritis ngomonakalo wemizimba ye-neurons kanye ne-nerve trunks ye-vagus nerve kanye ne-intramural plexuses).
- Ukunciphisa noma ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yezinto ezisetshenziswayo zebhayoloji elilawula ithoni yemisipha ye-esophagus (khuphula ithoni: i-motilin, i-gastrin, into ye-P, njll., Ithoni yokuncipha: i-serotonin, i-secretin, i-VIP, i-somatostatin, i-dopamine, i-nitric oxide).

+ Imiphumela.
- Ama-Achalasia we-cardiac esophagus - isimo esibonakala ngokuphumula okungahambi kahle kwe-elophageal sphincter ephakathi kwenqubo yokugwinya.
Ukubonakaliswa: i-esophageal dysphagia (iqukethe ukunciphisa ijubane lokuhamba kokudla eceleni kwesophagus ngemuva kokugwinya futhi ibambezele ukuphuma kwayo esiswini), umuzwa wokuxineka nobuhlungu esifubeni, ukuncipha kwesisindo (ngenxa yokwephulwa kokudla kokudla esiswini namathumbu).

+ IGastroesophageal Reflux -ukuphonsa okuqukethwe esiswini emgodini. Ukuphindaphinda okwenzeka njalo nokulondolozwa isikhathi eside kwe-reflux kubizwa ngokuthi yi-gastroesophageal Reflux syndrome (noma isifo). Izimpawu ezilandelayo ziyimpawu yalesi simo:
- Burging - Ukukhishwa okungalawulwa kwamagesi kanye / noma ukudla (amanani amancane) kusuka esiswini kuya esophagus nasemgodini womlomo.
- Ukhafulela phezulu (ukulawulwa kabusha) - Ukuvuselela okungahleliwe kwengxenye yokuqukethwe esiswini emgodini womlomo nasezindongeni zamakhala. Kuyabonakala ezinsaneni kanye ne-achalasia kubantu abadala.
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo - Umuzwa ovuthayo we-subjective ovuthayo esifundeni se-epigastric. Kungumphumela wokuphonsa okuqukethwe kwe-acidic esiswini ku-esophagus.

Enhlizweni ye ukuphazamiseka kokugaya esiswini kukhona okuyingxenye, futhi kuvame ukuhlanganiswa, ukuphazamiseka kwelemfihlo, izimoto, ukumuncwa, izithiyo nemisebenzi yokuvikela isisu.

Ukuphazamiseka kwesimilo umsebenzi oyimfihlo wesisu kuboniswe kulesibalo.

Ngokuvamile, lokhu kwephulwa kubangela ukungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kwamandla kanye / noma izinga lokutholwa kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zejusi yesisu ezidingweni zabo zamanje zangempela.

• Ukwephulwa kwe-Dynamics nevolumu ephelele yokuqunjelwa ujusi wesisu.
Ngokuya ngezici zezinguquko ekusebenzeni okuyimfihlo kwesisu, izinhlobo eziningana zaso ziyahlukaniswa: inhibitory, excifying, inert, asthenic.
- Ukuvinjwa kokukhushulwa kwesisu esiswini. Ukwanda kwesikhathi sokugcina (phakathi kokuvuselelwa kokudla kwesisu kanye nokuqala kokukhululwa), kuncishiswe ukuqina kokukhula nomsebenzi wokukhulula, kufinyeze isikhathi sokugcinwa, ukwehliswa kwesibalo secretion. Ngokwezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuvinjwa kokukhululwa, i-achilia iyakhula - ukungabikho okusebenzayo kwejusi yesisu.
- Uhlobo oluhle lokweqiwa kwejusi esiswini. Isikhathi esifushane sokuqalisa kokuqashelwa, ukukhuphuka okuthe xaxa kokugcinwa kokucashile, isikhathi esengeziwe senqubo yokufihla, kanye nenani lenyuka lejusi lesisu.
- Faka uhlobo lokutholwa kwejusi esiswini. Ukwanda kwesikhathi se-latent, ukubambezeleka kukhuphuka kokukhulula, ukunqamuka kancane, ukukhuphula umthamo wejusi yesisu.
- Uhlobo lwe-Asthenic lokukhishwa kwejusi esiswini. Isikhathi esifushane sokuqalisa kokususwa kwejusi, ukuqala okukhulu kanye nokwehla ngokushesha kokukhulula, inani elincane lejusi lesisu.
- Ukuphazanyiswa kokuthosi kwesirayisi esiswini. Isici ukungabikhona kwanoma yikuphi ukwenziwa kwezinto ezithile eziguquguqukayo kanye nenani lokuvunyelwa, izinkathi zokwenza kusebenze futhi kuvimbele isikhathi eside (izinyanga ezimbalwa kanye neminyaka). Inani eliphelele lejusi livame ukukhuphuka.

• Izinhlobo Zokukhubazeka Kwe-Gastric Secretion.
Ukuphazamiseka kokucashuka kwesisu i-hypersecretion, hyposecretion, ne-achilia zifaka.
+ Hypersecretion -ukukhuphuka kwenani lejusi yesisu, ukwanda kwe-acidity ne-digestibility yayo.
- Izizathu eziyinhloko: ukwanda kwesisindo samaseli emfihlo wesisu (okunqunywa ngofuzo), kusebenze imiphumela yemizwa ye-vagus (ngokwesibonelo, ezimeni ze-neurotic noma i-vagotonia yomthethosisekelo), ukwanda kokuqamba kanye / noma imiphumela ye-gastrin, hypertrophy kanye / noma i-hyperplasia ye-enterochromaffin (enteroendocrine) amaseli (ngokwesibonelo, nge-hypertrophic gastritis), ukweqisa kwe-antrum, umphumela wezidakamizwa ezithile (ngokwesibonelo, i-acetylsalicylic acid noma i-corticosteroids).
- Imiphumela engaba khona: ukubambezela ukuphuma kwesisindo sokudla esiswini, ukuguguleka kanye nokuqunjelwa kwe-mucosa esiswini, kuhambisane nokushiswa komoya kwe-gastroesophageal Reflux, ukuphazamiseka kokugaya emathunjini.

+ Ukuzenzisa - ukwehla kwenani lejusi le-gastric, ukwehla kwe-acidity yayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa.
Izizathu eziyinhloko: ukwehla kwesisindo samaseli e-secretory (ngokwesibonelo, ngefomu le-hypo- kanye ne-atrophic ye-gastritis engapheli noma isimila sokubola sesisu), ukuncipha kwemiphumela yezinzwa ze-vagus (ngokwesibonelo, nge-neurosis noma i-sympathicotonia yomthethosisekelo), ukwehla ekwakhekeni kwe-gastrin, ukuntuleka kwamaprotheni namavithamini emzimbeni, isenzo, isenzo Izidakamizwa ezinciphisa noma eziqeda imiphumela yezinzwa ze-vagus (ngokwesibonelo, ama-cholinergic blockers noma ama-activine we-cholineterase).

+ Achilia - Isimo esibonakaliswa ukungabikho okuphelele kokuqunjelwa esiswini. Imbangela ye-achilia ukuncipha okukhulu noma ukunqamuka kokusebenza kwezimfihlo zesisu.

Isilonda se-Peptic uwumphumela wezinto eziningi zokuzimela ezinamandla ngokulandelana. Izici eziyingozi kakhulu ziboniswa kulesibalo.

• Izici zezenhlalo (neuro- ne-psychogenic) zesilonda se-peptic.
- Izingcindezi zesikhathi eside, ukusebenza ngokweqile kwengqondo, ukuphakama ngokweqile (kumuntu othize) ijubane lempilo, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni ochwepheshe.
Lezi zinto ziholela ekwakhekeni kwe-excusetive exclecttive ukumbumbuluzwa we-hypothalamus, kwandise imiphumela ye-tonic ye-vagus nerve emgodini wokugaya ukudla (ukuvuselela umsebenzi wayo wokushicilela kanye nowezimoto).
- Ukubhema kukhulisa ubungozi bokuthola lesi sifo futhi kunciphise namathuba okuphulukiswa kwesilonda se-peptic. INicotine icindezela ukukhululeka kwama-bicarbonates avikelayo (ukuhlinzeka ngokushesha kwe-hydrochloric acid), kusheshise ukuthuthwa kokuqukethwe kwesisu se-pH ephansi endaweni ye-duodenum, pepsinogen hypersecretion, kunciphile ipyloric sphincter tone, okudala izimo zokuqukethwe kwamathumbu aqukethe i-bile ukuthi kuphonswe esiswini.
- Utshwala buthuthukisa ngqo ulwelwesi lwama-mucous, kuvuselela ukucasulwa kwesisu futhi lubhubhise isithiyo se-mucous-bicarbonate.

• Izici zezilonda ze-peptic ulcer.
-Khulisa umsebenzi we-peptic wejusi yesisu (ngokwesibonelo, ukusetshenziswa njalo kokudla kwenyama, okuvuselela ukwakheka kwenani elikhulu lejusi lesisu, ukusetshenziswa okwedlula kokudla okucwengisisiwe namandla ancishisiwe okunciphisa i-hydrochloric acid).
- Ukudla okungajwayelekile, okungajwayelekile kanye / noma okuyisikhunta (kudala izimo zokuqalisa kokugcinwa kwesisu ngokudla okunganele).
- Ukusetshenziswa kaningi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinongo, izinongo ezishisayo, izinto ezicasulayo ulwelwesi lwe-mucous lwesisu namathumbu (ngokwesibonelo, lwesinaphi, uviniga, imayonnaise, ukudla okushisa kakhulu noma okubandayo, iziphuzo ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni dayoksi.

• Izici zomzimba zesilonda se-peptic.
- I-acid esiswini ibalulekile, kepha ezigulini eziningi zithola i-standardo- noma i-hypoacidity ehambisana nokwanda kokufakwa emuva kwe-hydrogen ions (H +) odongeni lwesisu. Nge-duodenal ulcer, i-basal noma secretion secretion, njengomthetho, ibonakala ngokwanda kwe-acidity.
- IGastrin. Njengoba sinesilonda esidakayo, i-gastrin egazini esiswini esingenalutho ingaphansi kwemingcele evamile futhi iyanda ngemuva kokudla. Ezigulini ezinesilonda esiswini, okuqukethwe kwe-gastrin kukhushulwa zombili esiswini esingenalutho nangemva kokudla.
-I-Reflux ye-bile esiswini ibalulekile ekwehliseni isithiyo esivikela ulwelwesi lwama-mucous. Ukulimala kwesithiyo esivikelayo kuvumela okuqukethwe kwe-acid esiswini ukuthi kuthintane ne-mucosa engacasulwanga futhi ikulimaze.

• Izici zofuzo zesilonda se-peptic.
- Izihlobo eziseduzane zinengozi ephakeme ka-10 yokuthola lesi sifo.
- Ubudlelwano balesi sifo neqembu legazi 0 (1) buyaziwa - amathuba okuthola isilonda se-peptic se-duodenum singama-30- 40% aphezulu.
- Kukhona ukuhlangana kwalesi sifo nama-haplotypes athile wohlelo lwe-HLA (B12, B5, Bw35).

+ Isifo esaziwa ngokuthi i-mendeliruyuschie, okwandisa ubungozi besilonda esiswini.
- Uhlobo lwe-Famenal polyendocrine adenomatosis uhlobo luvame ukuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwezimila zesisu.
- Isifo samathambo sikhulisa ubungozi bezimpawu zezisu zesisu, ezichazwa ngumphumela we-ulcerogenic we-NSAIDs.
- Isifo esingama-pulmonary esingamahlalakhona (kufaka phakathi izakhi zofuzo).

• Ukutheleleka. Indima ye-proological ye-I. pylori ekwakhiweni kwezilonda ezivamile zesisu ne-duodenum ayinakuphikwa.Le microorganism ihlukaniswe kuma-90% eziguli ezine-duodenal ulcer noma uhlobo B i-antrum gastritis futhi ngo-60-70% yeziguli ezinezilonda esiswini.

Enhliziyweni ye pathogenesis yesilonda se-peptic kukhona ukwephulwa kwebhalansi eguquguqukayo phakathi kwezici zobudlova nokuvikelwa kwe-mucosa yegastric.

Ku-pathogenesis yesilonda esiswini indima ebaluleke kakhulu idlalwa ngukuncipha kokusebenza kwezici zokuzivikela, kanye nasekuthuthukiseni izilonda ze-peptic ze-duodenum - kusebenze kwezici zokuhlukumeza.

Imiqondo ehambisanayo

Ama-hormone angama-Juvenile - ama-hormone ezinambuzane alawula ukukhula kwawo kancane kancane, akhiqizwa yimizimba esondelene nayo (i-Corpora allata). Ama-hormone angama-Juvenile, anikela ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhuleni kwezitho zesibeletho, inhibit metamorphosis, angabaphikisi bama-hormone e-ecdysone akhuthaza ukuchitha kanye ne-metamorphosis. Ngokwemvelo yabo yamakhemikhali, ama-isoprenoids angama-sesquiterpenes. Kuqala ukutholwa ngonyaka we-1956 ngudokotela waseMelika uCapt Williams osesiswini sabesilisa uvemvane uHyalophora cecropia.

I-Metacercariae, i-metacercariae (i-Latin metacercaria, evela kwamanye amaGrikhi. umgcini (inhlanzi, umhluzi). Isichazamazwi sicindezelwe i-cercaria.

Zizgia

Tiggia (kusuka - "kuyizinhlayiyana ezingezinhle" futhi - "yidla, yidla") - ukuntuleka kokudla (okungukuthi, ukuthola ukudla okuvela ngaphandle) kwezinye izilwane ezigabeni ezithile zokukhula kwazo. Kungenzeka ngaphansi kwesimo sokuqongelela kokuqongelela kwama-reservation reservation (imvamisa amafutha) emzimbeni wesilwane.

(zizgia, a- + Greek. phagein kuyinto) i-dysphagia eyeqile, ebonakala ngokungakwazi ngokuphelele ukugwinya.

(i + Greek. phagein - is). Ukwephulwa kokugwinya. Kubonwa zombili uma kulimala imisipha enikeza isenzo sokugwinya, nasezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu ze-esophagus, futhi uma kwenzeka ama-neuroses, ikakhulukazi i-hysteria. Kulesi senzo sokugwinya kungenzeka kuhambisane nobuhlungu - A. izinhlungu.

Isichazamazwi Esichazayo Semigomo Yengqondo

(kusuka esiGrekini a - izinhlayiya ezingezinhle ne-phago - yidla, yidla),
1) (biol.) Ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo (isb., Ukuthola ukudla okuvela ngaphandle) kwezinye izilwane ngezigaba ezithile zokukhula kwazo. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu luka-A. lungabhekwa njengokukhula kombungu eqandeni, elithola izinto ezidingekayo ikakhulukazi kusuka kwi-yolk, ikakhulukazi likhulu ezinhlotsheni ezikhula isikhathi eside (ngokwesibonelo, ezinyonini). A. sibuye sikhombisa izigaba zabantu abadala bezinambuzane nezinhlanzi. Lezi ama-salmon ePacific azalela kanye empilweni, ungadli ngenkathi uqhuma, bese ufa ngemuva kokuhluma. Kwizinambuzane, u-A. ubonakala esiteji sabadala, kulezo zimo lapho enza kuphela umsebenzi wokuhlala kabusha nokuzala (imayiplies, amabhu athile, njll.). Isikhathi sesiteji, okuyi-A. esici saso, kuvame ukwehliswa kube izinsuku eziningana futhi namahora (ngokwesibonelo, kumayiflies). A. kwesinye isikhathi kuyingqayizivele ebulilini bodwa (kwabesifazane ezinye zamabhungane ezinye ze-nutcrackers kanye ne-gherkins, emadodeni omiyane). Ezigabeni ezingondli, uhlelo lokugaya luvame ukuwohloka, umzimba unendawo enkulu yokugcina izinto futhi izitho zokunyakaza ziyaqiniswa (okusiza umhlangano wabantu bobulili obuhlukile). N.P. Naumov.
2) (Uju.) Ukwephulwa kokudla okujwayelekile (ngokusebenzisa umlomo), okubangelwa ukungakwazi ukugwinya kumuntu futhi kubhekwe uma kwenzeka kulimala i-medulla oblongata noma izinzwa ezibandakanyekile esenzweni sokugwinya, ukuphefumula kwemisipha ye-pharynx, ezinye izifo zengqondo, njll.

I-Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB

Uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-dysphagia lapho ukugwinya kungenakwenzeka ngokuphelele

? futhi ubusika emzimbeni wesilwane esisingethe, osevele esesigabeni sabafundi, ingxenye ebalulekile yokugcina iyachithwa ekuvuthweni kwemikhiqizo yezocansi, ngakho-ke impilo yabesilisa nabesifazane ifushane kakhulu, izitho zomlomo wabo ziyancishiswa futhi abazondli (amadayisi), 3) amadivayisi ashesha imihlangano yabesilisa nabesifazane besikhathi sinye ngasikhathi sinye (ekuseni nesimo sezulu esihle) futhi babuthane endaweni ethile (eduze ne-O.

Ukucekelwa phansi kwesikhungo sendlala kudala ukwenqaba ukudla ukudla (zizgia) namanzi, okuvame ukuholela ekufeni kwesilwane (Fig.

Bona ukuthi i- "AFAGIA" ikwezinye izichazamazwi:

I-Aphagia - (kusuka esiGrekini. Inhlayiya engemihle ne-phago iyadla, idla) ukuntuleka komsoco (okungukuthi, ukuthola ukudla okuvela ngaphandle) kwezinye izilwane ezigabeni ezithile zokukhula kwazo. Kungenzeka ukuthi kuncike ekuqongeleleni kokuqongelela kwemithombo yokubekelwa indawo ... ... Wikipedia

I-AFAGIA - (NgesiGrikhi, kusuka ku-neg. Imvamisa., Futhi kukhona i-phagein). Ukwehluleka ukugwinya. Isichazamazwi samagama angaphandle afakiwe olimini lwesiRussia. Chudinov AN, 1910. AFAGIA Greek, kusuka ku, neg. njalo., futhi phagein, kuyinto. Ukwehluleka ukudla, ukugwinya. Ukuchazwa 25000 ... ... Isichazamazwi samagama angaphandle olimi lwaseRussia

zizgia - isibizo, inani lamagama afanayo: 1 • ukungabikho (32) kwe-ASIS Synonym Dictionary. V.N. I-Trishin. 2013 ... Isichazamazwi

I-AFAGIA - (kusuka esiGrekini. Futhi inhlayiya engemihle ne-phagein yi), elinye lamafomu akinesiae algekhaya, ukungakwazi ukudla ngenxa yobuhlungu obubangelwa yilokhu ... I-encyclopedia enkulu yezokwelapha

I-Aphagia - Isimo esithathwa njengesibangelwa ukulimala kwe-hypothalamus yamuva, okuphoqa umzimba ukuthi wenqabe ukudla. Psychology A. Ya. Isichazamazwi / Ukuhumusha. kusuka esiNgisini K. S. Tkachenko. M: I-FAIR PRESS. UMike Cordwell 2000 ... I-encyclopedia enkulu yezengqondo

I-Aphagia - (futhi kukhona i-phagein) - ukubizwa ngokujwayelekile kokuphulwa okuhlukahlukene kwesenzo sokugwinya. Ukuphazamiseka kubonwa ezimweni ezahlukahlukene ze-pathological: izinqubo zasendaweni (ngokwesibonelo, isimila ku-pharynx), i-neurological pathology (ukuphazamiseka kwe-bulbar), ... ... isichazamazwi se-Encyclopedic of psychology kanye ne-pedagogy

zizgia - (I-taggia, isiGrikhi. I-Phagein iyi-dysphagia ngokweqile), ebonakala ngokungakwazi ngokuphelele ukugwinya ... Isichazamazwi esikhulu sezokwelapha

I-Aphagia - (kusuka esiGrekini. Inhlayiya engemihle ne-phago iyadla, idla) 1) (biol.) Ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo (isb., ukuthola ukudla okuvela ngaphandle) kwezinye izilwane ezigabeni ezithile zokukhula kwazo. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu luka-A. lungabhekwa njengokuthuthuka eqandeni ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

I-Aphagia - (ngesiGrikhi) okungenakwenzeka kokugwinya ... I-Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. UBrockhaus no-I-A.A. Efroni

I-Aphagia - (a + Greek. Phagein - is). Ukwephulwa kokugwinya. Kubonwa zombili uma kulimala imisipha enikeza isenzo sokugwinya, nasezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu ze-esophagus, futhi uma kwenzeka ama-neuroses, ikakhulukazi i-hysteria. Ngasikhathi sinye, isenzo sokugwinya singahambisana nobuhlungu ... Isichazamazwi esichazayo samagama wezengqondo