inkomo yezintuthwane
• Ukudilizwa kwama-ladybugs
• inkomo yemali yama-ladybugs
• inkathazo yezitshalo ezincane
• izinambuzane ezincane - inkathazo edla isithako semithi
• izinambuzane ngokulandelana kweHemoptera
• isinambuzane se-bug suborder
• izintuthwane zilubhekisa obani?
• inkathazo lapho inyosi ingacubungula khona uju
• i-phylloxera njengesilwane
• izinambuzane, iqembu lezimbungulu
• isilwane esibi
• inkathazo encane yezinambuzane, idla isithako semithi
• imbovane yenkomo yemali
• i-bug eluhlaza eyingozi
• izinambuzane ezilimaza ingadi
• izinambuzane
• ubisi lwezintuthwane
• imbovane yobisi
• izinambuzane eziluhlaza ezilimazayo
• "Burenka" epulazini lezintuthwane
• izinambuzane eziluhlaza zidla amaqabunga
• ku-typiosis ngezintuthwane
• “gunduza” esitshalweni
• inkathazo encane yeklabishi
• Inambuzane, isitshalo semithi yokubulala izinambuzane
• Isinambuzane esincane, isibulala-zinambuzane esidla ekutholweni kwesitshalo
I-Aphid - Inkomo ye-Ant
Iqiniso lokuthi izintuthwane ubisi aphid, wayesemazi Carl Linnaeus. Ngakho-ke, i-taxonomist enkulu yabiza i-aphid inkomo yezintuthwane - iFomicarum vacca. Kepha kuphela emva kweminyaka eyikhulu, ngonyaka we-1861, isazi semvelo saseJalimane uHuber saphenya futhi sachaza imininingwane yalolu hlobo oluthakazelayo ngokuningiliziwe.
Ama-aphid, izinambuzane eziseduze kwama-cicadas, adume ngokuzala kwawo. Kwalinganiselwa ukuthi inzalo ye-aphid eyodwa nje ingafinyelela isibalo sezinkanyezi esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka - 17000000000000000000000000000000000000! Lonke izwe laliyongcwatshwa ngaphansi kobukhulu be-aphid ebhuqayo. Lokhu akwenzeki ngenxa yokuthi ama-aphid anezitha eziningi ezinamandla.
Kepha kukhona abangane - izintuthwane.
Ama-aphid akhanga ngawo ushukela. Ushukela, noma kunalokho isixazululo sawo, avela emaphethelweni angaphandle esiswini. Eqinisweni, lezi yi-vacrement, imnandi kuphela: ijusi yezitshalo, okuyinto ama-aphid ancela isamba esiningi kangangokuba ayinasikhathi sokugaya ngokuphelele nokuthambisa, yaphenduka isiraphu kashukela (ngaphansi kwesenzo se-enastme).
Ngezikhathi ezithile, ithonsi elincanyana elimnandi lilenga esicongweni sesisu se-aphid. I-aphid iphonsa imilenze yayo yasemva kude nayo, bese ushukela uwe emaningi amaqabunga neziqu zezitshalo, ukumboza ngokuphelele eminye yayo nge-varnishing emnandi. Sibiza ama-aphid e-honeydew. Kuletha ukulimala okukhulu ezitshalweni, kugoqa ama-pores awo.
Izintuthwane nazo zaba umlutha walokhu “amazolo”. Ekuqaleni, ngokusobala, babevele bayikhanyele emacembe, bese bejwayela ukuqoqa izimbumbulu ngqo esiswini. Lapho-ke ubudlelwane phakathi kwezintuthwane ne-aphid buye basondela: izinhlobo eziningi zezidleke, lapho kunezintuthwane eduzane, musa ukufafaza amasende amnandi, kepha zilinde ngesineke ukuthola izintuthwane futhi zidlulisele imikhiqizo yazo kuzo. Ama-aphid osekuphele isikhathi eside e-Symbiosis enezintuthwane ngokuvamile akhohlwe ukuthi afafaza kanjani "uju." Izintuthwane ziyasondela futhi zikhiphize iziphanzi nge-antennae - "milks". Ngemuva kwalokho ukhipha ithonsi loketshezi olumnandi. Intuthwane kamelusi iyasithatha masinyane futhi siyiphathe nge-goiter, ivele igijimele phansi ize ihlangane nomuntu ophethe yona, ayimise, isikhathi esithile baxoxa ngento ethile, beshintshana 'ngokuxhawula izandla' ezintuthwaneni. Lapho-ke, imuthwane idlulisa umgcini umthwalo omnandi bese ibuyela emuva kuma-aphid. Lapho bemukhuza njalo, uthola ujusi omnandi ngokwengeziwe. Amanye ama-aphid, lapho izintuthwane zizincelisa, cishe yonke iminithi ziyalahla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-aphid empeleni isiphenduke ipompo ephilayo, ngokupompela ngokuqhubekayo isiphuzo semifino (ukuyicebisa ngoshukela endleleni!) Ukusuka emaqabungeni kuya emlonyeni wezintuthwane. Ama-aphid ahlala kuma-linden akhiqiza, ngokwesibonelo, ama-milligram angama-25 wesiraphu elimnandi nsuku zonke, kaningi ngaphezu kwesisindo sawo.
Imbovane yethu yesihlahla esimnyama, emakholoni ayo, ahlelwe ngeziqu zakudala, inabantu abacishe babe yizinkulungwane ezingama-20, ithela amalitha ayi-5.107 (amakhilogremu ayi-6.454) ehlobo. Idla izimbotshana ikakhulukazi.
Intuthwane yengadi onsundu, leyo ehlala ezindlini zezwe, ingabangane abane-aphid yohlobo oluhlukile. Izidleke zalo mncane: kukhona izintuthwane ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezine kuzo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ngaphansi kwe “lactation” ehlobo ziletha “ubisi”: amalitha angu-1.7204, noma amakhilogremu ayi-2.145.
Amandla “obisi angakwazi” - ihansi, lapho imbovane ithutha imikhiqizo ewuketshezi, ilingana kuphela namamilimitha ayi-2 cubic kumthamo wezinkuni omnyama, no-0.81 ngentuthwane engadini ngisho nangaphansi. Ukuze ulethe amalitha ama-5 “ubisi” omnandi ku-anthill, intuthwane yohlobo lokuqala kufanele ibaleke izikhathi ezingama-2124,000 emadlelweni nasemuva, kanti intuthwane engadini izohamba ngendlela efanayo izikhathi ezingama-2553000. Vele, akukho ntuthwane eyodwa ebulala iziphisi, kodwa cishe amaphesenti ayi-15 - 20 "abasebenzi" abasebenzayo be-anthill. Noma kunjalo, ukubalwa okwenziwe ngenhla kukhombisa ukuthi yonke intuthwane evuna izihlahla yenza ama-500 ukuya emadlelweni ehlobo, kanti intuthwane engadini yenza ukuhamba okunjalo kwezinkulungwane ezimbili nesigamu: kufanele ibuyele izikhathi ezingama-25 ngosuku!
Umsebenzi akulula. Kepha izintuthwane ezifuya ingagcini ubisi lwe-aphid kuphela, zinazo nezinye izinkinga eziningi.
Ekwindla, kuyadingeka ukushayela "izinkomo" "ezifweni" ezifudumele ku-anthill. Entwasahlobo - mkhiphele ngaphandle kwedlelo.
Okokuqala, izintuthwane ziphatha ama-aphid okwesikhashana. Bahamba, baphefumula umoya omusha wasentwasahlobo, kanti izintuthwane ziyazibuyisela ema-anthill. Kepha ilanga liyashisa, amagqabi ezihlahleni aqhuma. Sekuyisikhathi sokuba amadlelo! Futhi izintuthwane zithwala "izinkomo" zazo ezihlahleni eziluhlaza notshani. Zithwalwa emihlathini, kanti ama-aphid acindezela ngokulalela imilenze ukuze angabambeleli emagatsheni. Intuthwane ibamba i-aphid siqine. UKhalifman ubhala athi: "Uma umcindezela ngokuthile, uvule umhlathi wakhe, bese i-aphid ebonakala ifile ingazukuphinda iphile bese ibaleka nakho konke ukuqina okukhona kulesi sidalwa esinamandla."
Uma kwamanye amadlelo ama-aphid enwebile kakhulu kangangokuba asikho isikhala esanele, izintuthwane zizowadlulisela kumagatsha noma ezihlahleni ezintsha. Futhi azishiyi ngaphandle kokuvikelwa: ukwelusa izintuthwane ngokuqapha ukugcina ukuqapha, ukuvikela ama-aphid ezingonyamazane, imikhaza, izindwangu zezintambo nakwezinye izitha. Ezinye izintuthwane noma amasela aqhamuka ezingxenyeni ezihlukile nazo ziyaxoshwa. Ngenxa yama-aphid, izimpi ezigcwele kwesinye isikhathi zidlalwa phakathi kwezintuthwane.
Ukuze uvikele kangcono umhlengikazi wazo ezitheni nasezimweni sezulu ezimbi, izintuthwane zakha “izinkomo zenkomo”: zifeza iziqu ngamaphisi nomhlaba, zakha izimbotshana ngaphezulu kwazo, ngaphansi kwezigaba lapho ama-aphid amunca khona amasudi ezitshalo. Ukungena nokuphuma kusukela ezintuthwaneni "zezinkomo" kugadwe ngokucophelela. Ama-Shelter for aphid, akhiwa izintuthwane, angabonakala kumakhambi amaningi nasezihlahleni: i-milkweed, i-chicory, i-plantain, i-pine ne-poplar.
Uma ubhubhisa "izinkomo" zezintuthwane ezi-lasius ezisuselwa othulini lokhuni, ezibekwe phezu kwamakhonkco ajulile egxolweni le-poplar, ungabona ama-aphid we-stomafis ngaphansi kwazo. Ama-aphid ethukile ashesha ukukhipha amaphampu awo amade e-proboscis esihlahleni, kodwa lokhu akulula ukukwenza ngaso leso sikhathi. Yalusa izintuthwane, esikhundleni sokubaleka, zigijimele kuma-aphid anamathele esihlahleni futhi idonse ngawo wonke amandla ayo, zisiza ukuzikhulula. Ngemuva kwalokho bacosha “izinkomo” abaleke nazo. Amanye ama-aphid ahamba yedwa, izintuthwane ziphelekezela.
Ama-aphid we-stomafis awakaze abonwe noma kuphi ngaphandle kwezintuthwane: zihamba nawo yonke indawo. Ngisho namaqanda e-stomafis agcinwa ku-anthill ebusika. Izintuthwane ziyabakhotha, zibanakekele kungathi bazo. Futhi entwasahlobo, amachaphazelo ayephuma emaqanda aphelezelwa kumagatsha esihlahla. Abanye abacwaningi bathi ngisho ne-aphid stomafises ngokwayo, ngaphandle kosizo lwezintuthwane, ayinakukhiqiza amaconsi amnandi. Ukugcotshwa kuphela ngezinsana zezintuthwane kubenza basuse izingqimba zezinkuni ezigaywe kahle.
Ama-aphid ahlala ezimpandeni zezitshalo ancike kakhulu ezintuthwaneni. Bona uqobo bebengeke bakwazi ukuphatha ngemilenze yabo ebuthakathaka ukusula indlela eya ezimpandeni. Izintuthwane ziletha "izinkomo" ezinamaphiko ngaphansi komhlaba, ziphule izimpiko zazo lapha, zivikele inzalo eminingana ezinkingeni zansuku zonke, ziyithwale ngemigodi, ithelele ama-aphid nezinye izimpande. Uma ukhipha i-aphid eyomiswe ngesitshalo, ungabona ukuthi izintuthwane zizibamba kanjani izinkomo lapho zidideka, ezingagxeki, zingabhizi, kepha ngokuzithoba zikhulule bese zigoqa amaqhubu azo, bese zishesha zifihla emhlabathini ngezimbobo nemifantu abayaziyo.
I-Aphid noma i-Ant Cow
Izinkomo zentuthwane zibizwa ngokuthi ama-aphid, kungani zinesidlaliso esithandekayo kangaka? Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-aphid anesikhumba esincane kakhulu, futhi ukuze kungabikho ukulahleka kwamanzi, kufanele aphuze kakhulu, futhi ngamanzi, kuphuma izakhamzimba ezijusi zamanzi ezinamanzi emizimbeni yazo.
Lolo ketshezi lubizwa ngamazolo oju, futhi izintuthwane zithanda ukuzithokozisa. Izintuthwane zinakekela ama-aphid njengemihlambi yezinkomo, futhi zivikele imihlambi yazo ekuhlaselweni yizinyamazane, njengabelusi bangempela.
Izinhlobo ze-aphid nomphumela wazo ezitshalweni
Ama-aphid angokulandelana kwama-Half-winged, futhi ngokusho kolunye uhlangothi lwalezinambuzane, njengezimpukane zamaqabunga kanye ne-cicadas, ahlukaniswa ngokulandelana okuhlukile kwe-proboscis. Emhlabeni, kunezinhlobo zezinkulungwane zezinhlobo zama-aphid, futhi ezingaba yinkulungwane zazo zihlala eYurophu.
Ama-aphid (Aphidoidea).
Zonke izinhlobo zondla kuphela ngamajusi wezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlobo zithinta izitshalo ngamagciwane, okuholela ekwakhekeni kokuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene.
Ukuvela kwama-aphid
Ama-aphid - isinambuzane esincane, esingekho ngaphezu kwamamilimitha ambalwa, izinhlobo ngazinye kuphela ezifika kumamilimitha ayi-7. Njengoba ama-aphid eyisidleke sesitshalo, inesiqu esikhethekile, esidingekile sokubhoboza izicubu zezitshalo. Umzimba u-ovoid, uthambile.
Lezi zinambuzane zihamba kancane kakhulu. Kwabesifazane, umzimba u-oval-oval.
ILadybug iyisitha sama-aphid. Kukhona ama-aphid angenamaphiko futhi angenazimpiko. Ezinhlotsheni ezinamaphiko, ngazimbili zamaphiko, ngosizo lwazo izinambuzane zihamba ziye ezansi ziyokonakalisa izitshalo.
Ama-aphid aweluhlaza okotshani; angahle abe orenji noma abe mnyama ngombala.
Indlela yokuphila ephakeme yokuzalanisa nokuzala
Ama-aphid ahlala emakoloni. Lezi zinambuzane zihlala emikhondweni emikhulu, imvamisa zihlala kuma-buds, eziqongweni zamahlumela nakumaqabunga ezitshalo. Umsebenzi wabo uhlotshaniswa nenkathi efudumele.
Ama-aphid azalela ngokushesha okukhulu, ukukhiqizwa okukodwa kowesifazane kwanele ukuletha inzalo izikhathi eziyi-10-20 njalo emasontweni ama-2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsikazi azidingi ukuhlanganyela kwabesilisa ngokuzalanisa, kulokhu ama-aphid ama-aphid azalwa. Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zama-aphid ezibekela amaqanda azo; ezinye iziphikisi zingama-viviparous.
Yize ama-aphid ezalela masinyane, le nqubo ayikho lula. Entwasahlobo, ngabesifazane kuphela abashiya amaqanda. Ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwabesilisa, bazala izizukulwane ngezizukulwane, lapho abesifazane nabo batholakala khona. Ama-aphid angenazintambo futhi angenamaphiko avela, okwenza ukuthi izinambuzane zihlale ezindlini ezintsha.
I-Aphid yisidambisi sasengadini. Ekwindla, abesilisa baphuma esizukulwaneni esisodwa. Zifaka amaqanda ezinsikazi okusala zihlala ziqandekile.
Entwasahlobo, inqubo iphindwa kabusha, futhi lokhu kwenzeka njalo ngonyaka. Cishe isizukulwane esisodwa sama-aphid singazalwa ehlobo elilodwa.
Umonakalo odalwe ama-aphid nezitha zawo zemvelo
Izithelo ku-yisithombo pepper.
Zonke izinhlobo ze-aphid ziyizinambuzane zezitshalo ezitshaliwe. Amahlumela athinteka ama-aphid ayeka ukukhula, futhi amaqabunga ayafa. Ama-aphid angadala omkhulu umonakalo kwezolimo.
Isibonelo, ama-aphid abomvu egazi kanye ne-phylloxera yamagilebhisi alethwa esuka eMelika ayiswa eYurophu, umonakalo osuka lapho ufinyelela kwizigidi eziyizinkulungwane zamaRandi. Ekhulwini le-XIX, i-phylloxera yabhubhisa ngokuphelele izivini zase-Austrian naseSwitzerland.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le parasite yahlala eKuban naseMoldova. Uma isazi semishanguzo uCharles Reilly engayitholanga indlela esebenzayo yokubhekana naleli aphid, angadala umonakalo omkhulu. Isikhali esisebenzayo sokulwa ne-phylloxera kwakuyinkaza encane, eyayilethwa eYurophu, futhi ngenxa yalokho yanqoba inkathazo.
Izitha zemvelo zempande emhlophe, i-apula eluhlaza okotshani, isithombo sebhitrudi namanye ama-aphid akuzona nje izibungu ezixakile, kodwa futhi nabagibeli kanye nama-ladybugs. Ezinye izinambuzane zijwayela ngendlela ekhethekile ukuze zingathwali zintuthwane, ngakho-ke izimbungulu ezidla ama-aphid azigcini nje ngokufana nezintuthwane, kodwa futhi zilingisa imikhuba yazo.
Ososayensi bathole ukuthi uma ama-aphid engenazitha zemvelo, azala ngokushesha okukhulu kangangokuba angakwazi ukumboza wonke umhlaba ngezendlalelo eziningana.
Ukunaka, NAMUHLA!
Yabelana ezinkundleni zokuxhumana: Kuyafana
- Kude, kude esivuthweni semifino kuya ... Ubani? - Izinkomo! - Ngokufanele! Izinkomo Phuza, izingane, ubisi. Uzoba nempilo! (Ingoma evela kukhathuni "Carousel") Ngabe uyabuthanda ubisi njengoba ... izintuthwane zilithanda? Futhi lezi zinambuzane ziyakuthanda ukuzikhohlwa, ngakho-ke zikulungele ukunikela ngokuphila kwazo ngenxa yazo. Kuliqiniso, ubisi lwezintuthwane luhlukile kubisi, olunikezwa abantu ngezinkomo namaphayi ezinophondo. Futhi ngombala: esikhundleni esimhlophe - umbala oluhlaza okhanyayo. Futhi ukunambitheka okumnandi. Yebo, futhi lokhu kudla okumnandi, okubizwa nge- "pad", kunika izintuthwane imbuzi eluhlaza, nondescript - aphid. Yize kunjalo, isazi semvelo saseSweden, ilungu leParis Academy of Sciences, uKarl Linney, maphakathi nekhulu le-18 wabiza i-aphid ngokuthi “inkomo yezintuthwane”. Futhi empeleni, kungani hhayi inkomo? Ephuzwini, okuwukuthi, iqabunga, liyaconsa? - Kuthakiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kokuqondisa komalusi onolwazi. Lapho nje othile engenela kwesinye se-aphid, isixuku sonke sabasubathi siyigxuma siphuma endaweni yokukhosela ukuvikela "izilwane". Ngabe "izintuthwane" zizakhela izinkomo "zezinkomo" zazo? - Yakha. Cishe wabona izigaxa zobumba ezigxotsheni nasemaceleni. Uma ubhekisisa, ungabona imbobo yomgodi ngaphansi kwesigaxa. Futhi ngaphakathi - ama-aphid. Eyodwa, emibili ... okuningi ... Izintuthwane azigcini nje ngokwakha "izinkomo", kepha futhi zidonsela ama-aphid ezindlekeni zasebusika, futhi lapho nje ilanga selifudumele impela, babuyisela izilwane zabo ezifuywayo. Ezindongeni zezikhukhula ... Ama-Aphid agobeka “amadolo” awo kuphela, ngakho-ke, imilenze emhlabathini ayihudulwa futhi ababambisi abaphazamiseki ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Ama-aphid - imbuzi encane, awukwazi ukubona. Imilenze emincane. Futhi isifiso! Hewu! Ukuthi unamathela kanjani emhlolweni wakhe eqabunga, ukuthi uqala kanjani ukupompa ujusi kanye namavithamini namaminerali! Vele uhambe. Kuthuthumela kuze kube yilapho iyeka ukulingana. Futhi intuthwane ilapho: ake sithi, ngizokuphuza ubisi ukwenza kube lula kuwe! U-aphid uphendula athi, "Nesihe, ngenzele umusa, ngifuna lesi sibalo siphinde sibe mnyama." Kukhipha umunyu ku-aphid nge-"notch" ende. Ama-aphid afake imilenze yezizondo ngezintuthwane futhi anikeze iconsi elingajabuli ngokuphelele “lobisi” elimnandi. Lokhu kubambisana okuhle okunenzuzo. Ibizwa nge- myrmecophilia. Idyll futhi kuphela. Ngifuna ukuthintwa, kepha akusebenzi. Ikakhulu ngemuva kokuhlola indawo "yamadlelo" engadini yakho noma engadini yakho. Amaqabunga ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni ayambozwa, njengokungathi ngamabhulawu ngemuva kokushiswa, futhi ngokushesha aqhekeke abe amashubhu, omile bese ewa. Ukuhlazeka okunjalo kungaqhubeka ukusuka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni - ngesikhathi somsebenzi we-aphid. I-aphid eyodwa yowesifazane iyakwazi ukunika izizukulwane ezintathu zezizukulwane, ezingaba ngamakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu. Ngemuva kokudutshulwa kwamahlumela, izinsikazi ezinamaphiko ziqala ukuthutha ziye ezitshalweni eziphakathi bese zizala ezinye izizukulwane eziyishumi zabantu abangenazimpiko nabanamaphiko. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezine zama-aphid. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-aphid lunobuchopho obuncishisiwe, njengalelo leqembu lama-tailor lenza imvunulo: owokuqala unesibopho semikhono, owesibili ngekhowudi, owesithathu ngezinkinobho, futhi konke kuhlangene awanakwenza ngalutho ngakho. Gooseberry ukudubula izidleke izidleke on blackcurrant. Ngokudla amaqabunga abomvu e-currant, i- "red-currant currant aphid" "inesibopho". Kukhona i-aphid yamagazi, eqanjwe ngegama lokuthi "ukuchitha igazi" kwayo. Esihlahleni se-apula, i-aphid “igqoke ingubo yayo yombala okhethekile.” Isixuku esinjalo sezinambuzane siphikisana nesifiso somuntu sokukhulisa isivuno esicebile futhi esimnandi semvelo samajikijolo, imifino nezithelo endaweni yaso.Uma sikhumbula ukuthi izintuthwane zakha ama-20% ezinani zezilwane eziphelele emhlabeni wethu, lapho kuvela isithombe esidabukisa kakhulu. Kepha masingalahli ithemba. Masizame entwasahlobo, kuze kube yilapho izitshalo sezinezithombo zokuvuvukala, zomisa izihlahlana zazo ngamanzi ashisayo. Letha amanzi ngamathumba bese uwathululela emgqonyeni wokuthambisa. Ngesikhathi sokumpontshelwa, amanzi azokhuphuka aze afike ku-80 degrees - yona kanye into yokuthulula. Kufanele sizifundele ukuthi ama-aphid ngokuyinhloko athinta izitshalo ezibuthakathaka noma ezigcotshwe ngamanyolo e-nitrogen. Kepha uma minyaka yonke siletha umlotha wezinkuni ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye nangaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye, izilwane zethu ezifuywayo zizosabela 'ekuphathweni' okunjalo ngokubonga futhi sizinike isivuno esihle. Kepha izinambuzane zomlotha ngeke zithande. Ungathunqa izitshalo ngomlotha. Lolu uhlobo lwentando abaluthandayo. Ngokwami nginokupheka "kokuphathelene" kwami, okuvele kufakazelwe futhi okusebenzayo kokulwa nama-booger anonya. Ngicubungula ama-currants ngesisombululo se-soda. Ngivusa isigamu sepakeji elijwayelekile le-soda - elibaliwe noma elenziwa ekudleni - ebhakedeni lamalitha ayishumi, engeza ukugcwala kusuka engxenyeni yensipho yokuwasha. Futhi ngifafaza izithombo ngenhla nangaphansi, ngithathe amagatsha ngibambe ongaphansi kwamaqabunga. Kwesinye isikhathi ngenza ukumiliselwa (phakathi nosuku) kusuka ezitshalweni eziningi ze-dandelion, ngichobozekile kanye nezimpande, kanye nocezu oluncane (mayelana nobukhulu besithupha) sesikhathi esisheshayo. Faka ukushefa kwensipho kokungeniswa. Ngihlanza iziqu zemithi yama-apula ngohlangothi olufiphayo lommese kusuka ezingxenyeni zamagxolo afile. Ngenza i-whitewash. Ngemuva kwalokho ngenza amabhande okudoba ngeteyiphu yokunamathela ohlangothini olunamathele ngaphandle. Amabhande anjalo akufanele abekwe hhayi kuphela esiqwini, kodwa futhi kuwo wonke amagatsha amakhulu. Ngemuva kokuba izinambuzane ziphume enhlabathini maphakathi noMeyi, amabhande okuzingela kufanele asuswe ukuze amagxolo aphefumule ngokukhululeka. Futhi ungafafaza isidleke sezintuthwane nge-pepper eshisayo eshisayo. Bathuke bashaye ikhala labo. Mhlawumbe isifiso sizonyamalala, lapho kungenasidingo sokuhlela amadlelo. Futhi unake abasizi bethu: izinyoni nezinambuzane ezizuzisayo - abathandi bokudla kuma-aphid. Zama ukunamathela ezindleleni zokulima zemvelo ukuze izinyoni ezinjenge-titmouse, undlunkulu, i-robin-zoryanka, i-linnet, ama-wrens azizwe engadini yakho, njengasendabelweni yakho yakhona. Dala izimo zezinambuzane: izintambo, izimpukane zabesifazane, izimbungulu, abagibeli, amabhungane omhlabathi, ama-ladybugs. Kodwa-ke, isihloko sezinyoni nezinambuzane eziwusizo sikhulu kakhulu futhi sifanelwe ingxoxo ehlukile. Futhi ungahlali ezitolo ezithengisa imikhiqizo yokulawula izinambuzane. Kungcono ukubhubhisa izinambuzane ngezindlela ezisebenza ngomshini: ukuqoqa amaqabunga aphezulu athintekile ngama-aphid, uwashise noma ukhiphe izinambuzane ngejet eqinile kusuka kwi-hose kuze kube phansi, lapho izinyoni zizowanakekela. Lokhu kufanele ucabange ngakho. Ososayensi, abathole ukuthola kabusha i-genome yomuntu, ngokuzumayo bathola ukuthi ingxenye ebalulekile yezakhi zomuntu iphindaphinda izakhi zofuzo zilandelana: isibungu se nematode ne-Drosophila fly. Kuyavela ukuthi ngandlela thile, yizihlobo zethu. Futhi akumangalisi: siphila kwiplanethi eyodwa. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane, umthamo omncane wobuthi bamakhemikhali unele ukuba izinambuzane zife, futhi umuntu omkhulu, esethole ukunambitha izithelo ngo-muck osetshenzisiwe, insimu efanayo, uzofa kancane kancane, kancane, ngeseli ngeseli. Kepha ufuna ukuhlala, okungenani kuze kube iminyaka eyikhulu? AKUYONA?
U-Tatyana BELYAEVA, umqondisi we-Agrarian Industrial House uthi, "Izinduna sezisebenza kakhulu ezitshalweni ezingadini yezimbali." - Ukuze umhlule, udinga ukulwa hhayi kuphela nge-aphid, kodwa futhi nezintuthwane, ngoba yibona abatshala ama-aphid ezitshalweni - kanye namahlumela amasha ama-roses, ama-peonies nezinye izimbali.
Iqiniso elinelukuluku: izintuthwane nezinsizwa zihlala ku-Symbiosis esondelene. Ama-aphid adonsela izintuthwane ngesiraphu kashukela, okuyiwo aqabula esiswini lapho edla amaqabunga. Izintuthwane zidla lesi isiraphu, futhi ukuze zikulithole, “lubisi” lwazo ngokoqobo - ziyikhotha nge-antennae, emva kwalokho ikhiphe ithonsi loketshezi. Ngakho-ke, ama-aphid abizwa nangokuthi izinkomo zezintuthwane. Izintuthwane ezinakekelayo zivikela izigceme zazo futhi zibahambisa ngokucophelela ezitshalweni ezinhle kakhulu zokuzondla. Futhi lapho bethuthela endaweni entsha, izintuthwane zivame ukuthatha ama-aphid nazo. Lokhu ubudlelwano obuphakeme kangako!
Izitshalo zidinga ukwelashwa zombili kusuka kuma-aphid nasezintuthwaneni. I-Commander, umuthi ongena kulesi sitshalo, usiza okuningi kusuka kuma-aphid, ngenxa yalokho wonke amahlahla nawo wonke amaqabunga ebulala ubuthi kuwo. Kukhona izidakamizwa ezisebenza ngqo ezinambuzaneni, kepha ngesikhathi sokucubungula ungahle ungabanaki labo abacasha ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, kanti ama-aphid azoqala ukuphindeka futhi.
Ikhambi elisebenzayo lezintuthwane yisidakamizwa "i-Anteater", esidluliselwa ku-mink futhi sinikeze umphumela osheshayo.
Isicabucabu sishiya amaqabunga esomileLesi sinambuzane sihlala ngaphansi kwamaqabunga bese sikhipha ujusi kubo, ngenxa yalokho omisa bese uwa. Uma ubona ukuthi isitshalo sesiqale ukoma, bheka amaqabunga angasohlangothini lwangemuva - kungenzeka kakhulu, ama-webs amancane wesicabucabu avela kuwo, lapho amakoloni wesigcawu achuma. Lesi sinambuzane sisebenza esimweni sezulu esifudumele nesomile, lapho nje imvula imisa, zilungele ukubhekana naso.
Ungalwa kanjani: I-Fitoverm nawo wonke amalungiselelo aqukethe i-colloidal sulfure anikeza imiphumela emihle.
Izihlahla ezinjengemvula yesimo sezuluIzibungu ziba yinkinga ngezikhathi zomswakama ophezulu. Manje ziningi zazo kwizitshalo eziminyene ezinamandla, ngokwesibonelo kumabamba. Amagobongo avela emaqabungeni, futhi ama-slugs angathathelwa indawo emuva. Imisipha idinga ukulwelwa ngoba iphindaphindeka ngokushesha ngokwanele, idle kahle - futhi izitshalo zibukeka kabi ngenxa yokuthi zihlala zinezindawo ezingezinhle.
Ungalwa kanjani: Sebenzisa uchungechunge lwezidakamizwa ezibizwa ngama-metaldehydes - ngokwesibonelo, “Slug” noma “Thunder sefe”.
Ama-thrips adla i-gladioliE-gladioli kunenkinga efana nokujiya. Lezi izinambuzane ezincane ezimnyama ezingaba ngu-1.5 mm ubude ngamaphiko avele obala. Uzowabona ngokushesha, ngoba amaqabunga e-gladioli aqala ukugcwala izimbobo, aphenduke aphuzi, futhi ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla okunempilo, izimbali aziba zintekenteke futhi zihle. Izibungu ezisindayo zinombala ophuzi, mncane futhi zicishe zingabonakali. Basakazeka kakhulu ehlobo elifudumele nelomile, kepha inkinga isasebenza manje. Udinga ukuhlola njalo amaqabunga e-gladioli, ngoba uma ungalwi nama-thrips, ahlala ku-corms futhi aqhubeke nokulimaza izitshalo ngonyaka olandelayo.
Indlela yokulwa: Sebenzisa iFitoverm.
Ama-wireworms nibble flower bulbsIzikelemu eziphundekile zithinta amahlamvu wezimbali nezitshalo zezimpande. Uma i-wireworm igundela isibani, khona-ke ngeke ulinde ukuqhakaza okuhle, futhi isibani singafa.
Ungalwa kanjani: Sebenzisa umuthi "Provotox".
I-Powdery isikhutha lapho amasimu aminyene khona kakhuluNgenxa yesimo sezulu esimanzi, i-Powdery hlobo isikhule ezitshalweni eziningi. Imvamisa, lesi sifo senzeka lapho izitshalo zitshalwa kakhulu futhi lapho umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen uhlukunyezwa. Ngakho-ke, izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zomzabalazo ukuvimbela. Yehlisa inani lamanyolo aqukethe i-nitrogen bese utshala izitshalo ukuze zingene ziphume kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.
Ungalwa kanjani: Uma lesi sifo sesivele sivele, sebenzisa i- "Topaz".
Ukubona amabala amnyama kuyingozi kuma rosesIhlobo elinemvula lenza ukuthi amaqabunga amnyama avele kuma-roses ngenxa yomswakama ophezulu. Uma kuvela amabala amnyama, khona-ke amaqabunga ngisho namahlumela angafa kamuva.
Ungalwa kanjani: "Skor", "Fitosporin", "Medex-M" amalungiselelo azosiza.
Ukuthi ungayenza kanjani ingadi yezimbali ezweni, funda LAPHA.