Ibhikawozi
Ama-Bakla Collared (I-Pecari tajacu)
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi

• I-Catagonus
  • Ababhaki be-Chuck (I-Catagonus wagneri)
• Pecari
  • Ama-Giant Bakers (I-Pecari maximus)
  • Ama-Bakla Collared (I-Pecari tajacu)
• Tayassu
  • Ama-White Beersed Bakers (Tayassu pecari)
• † I-Platygonus

Ibhikawozi (lat. Tayassuidae) - umndeni wezilwane ezincelisayo ezingezona i-artiodactyl ezingezona ezibolayo. Ngaphambi kokuthi ubengowomndeni wengulube. Igama elithi "abbhaki" libolekwe olimini lwamaNdiya amaNdiya aseBrazil. Kuhunyushwa ngesiRussia ngokuthi "isilo esenza imigwaqo eminingi ehlathini."

Izimpawu zomndeni

Ama-Bakers ahluke kakhulu kwezingulube, futhi, ngenxa yezici eziningi, asondele kakhulu kuma-ululant okhanyayo:

• Isisu sombhaki sehlukaniswe izigaba ezi-3, umphambili waso unezikhwama eziyimpumputhe ezimise okwenziwe ngomvimba.
• Ezinyaweni ezingemuva, hhayi ezi-4, njengasezingubeni, kodwa ezinzwaneni ezi-3.
• Ama-fangs angenhla aqondiswe phansi, njengakwizinyamazane. Ama-fangs angonxantathu, aqinile, kepha awekho made kakhulu, futhi axhumana nabaphisi abaphansi. Kunamazinyo ayi-38 kuphela.
• Ngasemuva emuva, abapheki banendlala enkulu yokuthumela imfihlo enjenge-musk. Ngalo, abapheki baphawula insimu yabo, bakhulisa amabhulashi kuyinsimbi bese befafaza imfihlo ngamandla ngeziqu zezihlahla, ezihlahleni notshani. Ngenxa yephunga elibi elingajabulisi, abantu baseMelika babiza ababhaka ngokuthi “musk hog” (ingulube yemaskandi).

Ukubonakala okujwayelekile kwababhaki kufana nengulube: ikhanda likhulu, linomzimba wedigri, intamo imfushane, amehlo mancane, izindlebe zihlanganiswa kancane. Amabhulashi awugqinsi, ikakhulukazi abade emuva kwekhanda, entanyeni nasemhlane, lapho akha khona i-mane, umsila mfushane futhi ufihliwe ezinweleni, imilenze imfishane futhi inciphile. Amabhikawozi mancane kunezingulube: ubude bomzimba 75-100 cm, ukuphakama ngo-44-57 cm, isisindo esingu-16-30 kg.

Naphezu kokushona okuphezulu kwabapheki bakolaji, isikhathi sokuphila ekudingisweni sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-24.

Ukubhebhetheka

Bakers bahlala kusuka eningizimu-ntshonalanga Melika kuya e-Central Argentina. Bahlala ezimweni ezahlukahlukene, kusukela emaqeleni asomile kuya emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo. Ama-Omnivores: ondla ngamakhambi, izimpande nezithelo zezitshalo, izilwane ezincane. Ziyasebenza ikakhulukazi ebusuku, zichitha usuku zilele. Ukugcina imihlambi. Abesifazane baletha amawundlu angama-1-2.

Izitha eziyinhloko zababhaki yijaguar ne-cougar. Ababhaki abasebasha bahlaselwa yi-lynx ebomvu ne-coyote. Umama uvikela ngamandla amandla omncane, eluma isitha ngamazinyo, kepha angashayi ngamafang, anjengengulube. Ababhaki abathukuthele futhi abenovalo bakhipha ukuchofozwa okubonakalayo kwama-fangs.

Izinhlobo

Kunezinhlobo ezi-4 zanamuhla zababhaki, ezihlanganiswe ngohlobo ezintathu:

• I-Pecari tajacu - Ababhaka be-Collared. Ukuphakama emahlombe kusuka ku-30 ​​kuye kuma-50 cm.U ubude bomzimba buyi-80-100 cm. Isisindo singama-15-25 kg. Ijazi limpunga ngombala cishe wonke umzimba, ngaphandle kwezihlakala, lapho ijazi linombala ophuzi, kanye nekhola emhlophe-emhlophe ehlanganisa i-mane, amahlombe nentamo. E-oblium kukhona izindlala ezikhethekile zomgogodla ezenzelwe lolu hlobo kuphela. Umbhaki kuphela e-United States. Ababhaka be-Collared banobudlelwano obusondelene kakhulu nomphakathi. Zihlala emihlanjini, ezisukela ezilwaneni ezihlanu kuya kwezingu-15. Ama-Herbivores anesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sesisu, esidingekayo ekugayweni kwama-roughage. Engxenyeni eseningizimu yebanga, ababhaka badla ngokudla okuhlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izimpande, ama-bulbs, amantongomane, amakhowe, kwesinye isikhathi bangadla amaqanda, i-carrion, izinyoka ezincane namasele. Engxenyeni esenyakatho yebanga, umthombo oyisisekelo wokudla okunempilo yizimpande, ama-bulbs, ubhontshisi, amantongomane, amajikijolo, amakhambi ahlukahlukene kanye ne-cacti.
• I-Tayassu pecari - Abapheki abanezinwele. Kukhulu kune khola. Umbala onsundu-onsundu noma onsundu-onsundu. Ohlangothini olungaphansi kwesihleko kukhona indawo enkulu emhlophe. Enyakatho, kusatshalaliswa eningizimu yeMexico futhi kuyaqabukela kakhulu kune-collared. Kufana nekhola indlela yokuphila, kepha zakha imihlambi emikhulu, kuze kufike amakhanda ayi-100 noma ngaphezulu. Indawo yomhlambi owodwa ilinganiselwa ku-60 kuye ku-200 km², futhi ababhaki bema endaweni ethile usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Kaningi kunezinhlobo zangaphambili, zidla ngokudla kwezilwane. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-158. Owesifazane uletha, njengomthetho, izimbotshana ezimbili zobungqingili. Ukubuka kunikeza iziqukathi ezine-bakla ezine-collared.
• I-Catagonus wagneri - Abapheki bakwaChuck, noma ababhakeki bakwaWagner. Isikhathi eside bekubhekwa njengokuphela, ekuqaleni bekuchazwa ngezimbumbulu. Umbono wokuqala ophilayo watholakala ngonyaka we-1975 eParaguay. Sisatshalaliswa esifundeni saseGran Chaco (iBolivia, iParaguay, iNingizimu yeBrazil), ezindaweni ezinamaqabunga ehlathini elinameva nasendaweni yokuma enesihlahla esinameva. Ifakwe kwi-Red Book yamazwe omhlaba.
• I-Pecari maximus - Abapheki abakhulu. Ukubuka okusha, kwavulwa ngo-2007 eBrazil. Kuze kube yilowo mzuzu, bekubuye kubhekwe njengokuphela.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala yababhaki bezingulube

Ingulube yababhaki bezingulube- nezilwane ze-telegenic. Ukubona umuntu ngekhamera yevidiyo noma ilensi yezithombe, babheka ngokungathi sína, bayeke, bacele umdubuli ngokoqobo.

Lezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo zihlala ezwenikazi laseMelika, zingatholakala ezindaweni ezigcinwe eningizimu nentshonalanga ye-United States, eNingizimu Melika kulo lonke ugu loLwandlekazi iPacific, entshonalanga ne-Argentina, e-Ecuador nakuzo zonke izinkalo zaseMexico. Ama-Bakers azithobe ngokuphelele esimweni sezulu futhi acishe abe amabi, ngakho-ke indawo ahlala kuyo ibanzi kakhulu.

Namuhla, abantu bazi izinhlobo ezine zalezi zingulube zasendle, ezimbili zazo ezaqanjwa kabusha eminyakeni yamashumi amabili, lapho kubuywa kabusha izindawo ezishisayo nemfucumfucu ye-savannah, nangaphambilini lokho kwabhekwa njengokuphela.

Namuhla, ososayensi bayaziwa abapheki bezingulube zasendle zalezo zinhlobo:

Lawa kuphela abapheki abahlala e-USA. Ukuhluka kwezinhlobo zezilwane ukuthi engxenyeni engaphandle yangemuva yezilwane ezindala kukhona indlala ekhethekile yokukhuphuka okwengeziwe.

Izingulube ezi-Collared zihlala emihlanjini yabantu abangu-5-15, zinobuntu obukhulu, zixhunyaniswe kakhulu futhi zinobungane. Zine- “collar” emhlophe noma ephuzi ngombala, ngenxa yalokho zathola igama lazo.

Bayakuthanda ukudla, bakhetha ukudla kumakhowe, amajikijolo, u-anyanisi, amahlumela obhontshisi oluhlaza okotshani kanti, ngokungathandeki ngokwanele, i-cacti. Kodwa-ke, zingama-ownivores futhi azisoze zadlula ngokutholwa - izidumbu zamasele noma izinyoka, izidumbu zezilwane ezinkulu noma izidleke ezinamaqanda. Zikhula zibe yingxenye yemitha lapho zibuna futhi zifinyelela kumamitha ubude, ngesisindo esilinganiselwe esingama-20-25 kg.

Okufanekisiwe ingilazi lababhaki bengulube

• Amadevu amhlophe.

Baphila ikakhulukazi eMexico, izilwane ezinkulu, eziqinile zihlelelwe imihlambi engafika emakhulu amakhanda. Bathola igama labo ngenxa yokukhanya okukhanyayo ngaphansi komhlathi ophansi.

Imihlambi ihlala izulazula, ingahlali isikhathi eside kunezinsuku ezintathu, ngisho nasezindaweni ezifanele kakhulu kuzo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abapheki abanezinwele ezimhlophe, yize emnivorous, bakhetha ukudla i-carrion, abayifunayo.

Abapheki bezingulube ezimhlophe abanezithombe

• AmaChaksky noma, njengoba ebizwa nangokuthi - ababhaki bakaWagner.

Lezi zilwane zibhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu. Esikhathini eside ekucatshangelwe ukuthi asisekho, bachazwa izazi zezinto eziphilayo ezivela ezinsalela ezitholakala eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Futhi baphinde batholwe bephila ngo-1975 lapho kubekwa intambo kagesi eParaguay.

Umbono okunzima ukuwubona nokuwufunda, ngoba indawo yawo ihlathi lamaGran Chaco, okuwukuthi, insimu yezintombi zasendle ethinta amazwe amathathu - iBrazil, iBolivia, iParaguay.

Ukuqokwa okukhulu kwalaba bhaka bakwenziwa ezindaweni ezinamahlathi angenasisekelo nasemahlathini, futhi, okwamanje, izazi zezilwane sezimisele ngokuthembekile ukuthi lezi zilwane zithanda ukudla ameva futhi zinamahloni kakhulu, zincamela ukucasha ngemuva kwezimbotshana noma kwezinye izindawo zokukhosela lapho nje zizithola ukubonwa.

Esithombeni, ingulube ye-Czech peccary

• IGigantius, noma isiqhwaga.

Le nhlobo ayifundwanga nhlobo. Yaphinde yatholakala ngephutha ngonyaka ka-2000, kwaba nokuqothulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu eBrazil. Imfucumfucu efana nabapheki abakhulu iba yimbumba eYurophu, kodwa akukaziwa ukuthi lezo zinsalela nezilwane ezitholwe ngengozi ziyizilwane ezifanayo.

Abalingisi kanye nendlela yokuphila abapheki

Ngokuyinhloko, yonke imininingwane mayelana nalezi zilwane, efana isimilo, incazelo yababhaki bezingulube zasendle, etholakala ekubonweni kwempilo yezingulube ezilukhuni ezisezindaweni ezikhona e-United States.

Ababhaka bakhetha indlela yokuphila yakusihlwa neyasebusuku, bezwa kahle futhi banomqondo othuthuke kakhulu. Bahle kakhulu emphakathini, bahlala emihlambini yezilwane, futhi baneqembu eliqinile kakhulu.

Ukuhola komholi akuphikiswanga, kanye nelungelo lakhe elikhethekile lokufaka izinsikazi. Uma omunye wabesilisa enquma ukubiza izimfanelo zomholi wezinkomo ngokungabaza, akukho mpi noma ukulwa. Owesilisa ongabazayo umane nje avele aqoqe umhlambi wakhe.

Ngokuqondene nabalingiswa, sekuphele isikhathi eside abapheki babhekwa njengezilwane ezinamahloni. Kodwa-ke, maphakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili kwakukhona igagasi lemfashini lokugcina izilwane zasendle njengezilwane ezifuywayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, okungajwayelekile kokuthandwa, bekungcono. Le nto yokuzilibazisa yacekela phansi inganekwane yokuba namahloni kwababhaki, iphakamisa ukuthi lezi zingulube zasendle zinokuthula kakhulu, zinokuthula futhi zinelukuluku kakhulu.

Namuhla, lezi zilwane zitholakala ezindaweni eziningi zokugcina izilwane, lapho zizizwa zizinhle futhi, uma kungenjalo izinkanyezi, lapho-ke zithanda khona izivakashi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunababhaki emisakazweni eminingana yaseCanada, lapho ukugqoka namakamelo kususelwa kunqubo ye "top top".

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila okude kwababhaki

Ababhaki abanasikhathi esithile sokuzala. Ukuxhumana ngocansi phakathi kwabesifazane nomholi wezinkomo kwenzeka cishe okufanayo nakubantu - nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Uma insikazi ikhulelwa, khona-ke isikhundla sayo sobucayi sithatha izinsuku ezingama-145 kuye kwezingama-150. Ukhetha ukuzala ababhaki endaweni eseceleni noma emgodini, kepha uhlala eyedwa.

Imvamisa kuzalwa izimbotshana, kuyaqabukela kakhulu. Izingane zifika ezinyaweni ngosuku lwesibili lwempilo yazo, futhi, lapho lokhu kwenzeka nje, zibuyela nonina kwezinye izihlobo.

Ama-Bakers aphila ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle - ukungabikho kwezitha zemvelo, ukondleka okwanele nempilo enhle - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25. Kodwa-ke, hhayi esikhathini esedlule, e-zoo yase-Thai, izingulube zababhaki zigubha usuku lwazo lokuzalwa lwamashumi amathathu, ngenkathi zisesimweni esihle somzimba.

Esithombeni ababhaka izingulube ngamawundlu

Ngokwalokho okutholwe yizazi zezilwane kanye nezazi zezemvelo, umpheki wezingulube eningizimu Melika kuyaqabukela kuphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20, kushona ngokwesilinganiso ku-15-17. Ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yezinhlobonhlobo noma ezinye izizathu, ososayensi abakazitholi.

Ukudla ama-Bakers

Ama-Bakers akuthanda kakhulu ukudla, ukuwabuka, uyabona ukuthi ahlafuna njalo, futhi kuvame ukuluma ngesikhathi senqubo yokufuduka, ekuhambeni, njengoba kwenza abantu. Lezi zilwane ziyamangaza - ziyakwazi ukucindezela utshani, zidle amahlumela obhontshisi, zidle amakhowe, noma zixoshe izidleke bese zidla isidumbu sesilwane esifile.

Ukuhlukahluka okunjalo okuthandwa kakhulu kubangelwa ukwakheka kwezisu namazinyo abo. isisu sababhaki bezingulube zasendle sinezingxenye ezintathu, eyokuqala yazo, ngaphezu kwalokho, imvelo ifake izikhwama ezimbili "ezingaboni".

Emlonyeni wesilwane ngasinye - amazinyo angama-38, emuva akhule kahle, agaya ukudla nangama fangs onxantathu ngaphambili, afana ngokuphelele nanoma isiphi isisulu.

Izazi eziningi zebhayoloji zikholelwa ukuthi lapho abapheki bebengeneliswa nje kuphela ngokuthathwa namadlelo, kepha baphinde bazingelwa. Manje, ama-fangs asetshenziselwa ukuvikela izitha zemvelo kuphela - ama-pumas kanye ne-jaguars kanye nasekophuleni inyama ye-carrion enkulu.

Ukufingqa indaba ngalezi zilwane ezimangalisayo, ezingaziwa kubantu, kubalulekile ukusho umlando waleli gama - abapheki bezingulube kungani bebizwa kanjalo akukho kujabulise kunabo.

Ngenkathi abaseYurophu, amaphayona ehlola izwekazi laseMelika, babebhekene nokuhlangana okuhle nobungane boMdabu waseMelika "Tupi", inzalo yakhe namanje ehlala eBrazil yanamuhla.

Lapho bebona ibanga elithile lezilwane ezingajwayelekile, amaPutukezi aqala ukuzikhomba, amemeza athi "Izingulube, izingulube zasendle", amaNdiya athola igama elizwakala ezindlebeni zase-Europe ngathi "Bakers".

Ngemuva kwesikhashana, kwaziwa ukuthi "abapheki" kwakungeyona igama elilodwa, kepha abaningana futhi leli binzana lahunyushwa ngokuthi "isilo esenza izindlela eziningi zehlathi," esichaza izingulube zombhaki kahle nangendlela efanele.

Bhaka

Izilwane ezimangalisayo ezazingezomndeni wengulube zithathwa njengababhaki. Izilwane ezihumushiwe ezihumusha i-artiodactyl zisho "isilo, senza umgwaqo ehlathini." Izindawo ezihlala kakhulu ezilwaneni ziyizindawo zeNew World neNtshonalanga Yurophu. Amabhikawozi anokufana okuningi ngezingulube, hhayi ngaphandle kuphela, kodwa futhi esimeni, imikhuba, nezinye izici.

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Incazelo nomlingiswa

Babhaka tilwane letincane. Zinobude bomzimba ofinyelela kumitha eyodwa, zikhula zize zifike ku-57 cm. Isisindo sabantu abadala kuyaqabukela seqi ku-30 ​​kg. Izici zezilwane ezincelisayo yintamo emfishane, ikhanda elimise okomshini, inhloko esindayo, ukuphefumula okuphakeme, iphrofayili eqondile, amehlo amancane nezindlebe eziyindilinga. Ama-Bakers anemilenze emifushane nomsila. Umzimba wonke umbozwe ngamabhulini awugqinsi (ngemuva uyabuna, kufana ne-mane).

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Emazweni amaningi, abapheki babizwa ngokuthi izingulube ze-musk ngoba izilwane zenza imfihlo ethile, ngisho noma ingathandeki. Lapho isilwane esinezikhumba esinogqinsi sisesimweni sokuthokozela, siqala “ukuhogela” bese siphakamisa isibungu saso.

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Ungahlukanisa umbhaki engulubeni ngalezi zici ezilandelayo: ezilwaneni ezisezandleni zezingemuva, iminwe emithathu, amazinyo angama-38 emlonyeni, ngazimbili zezindlala zezilwane ezinama-mammary, ama-fangs angenhla wesithathu aqondiswe phansi, isisu sihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu. Isici sengulube enomsipha amandla ayo okumaka indawo ngokufafaza uketshezi olunuka kamnandi.

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Babhaki bahlala emhlambini. Bathanda ukuchitha isikhathi ngenkuthalo ebusuku. Izilwane zivame ukufuduka zisuka kwenye insimu ziye kwenye. Ekhanda lomhlambi umholi wesifazane omdala kunabo bonke.

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Isabelo sezilwane

Ngenxa yesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sesisu, abapheki bangakugaya ukudla okungenamsoco. Ama-herbivores awanandaba nokudla amantongomane, izimpande zezitshalo, nezilimo eziyizigaxa, amakhowe. Esikhathini sokulamba ikakhulukazi, izingulube ze-musk zingadla i-carrion, amasele, amaqanda nezinyoka. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, ukudla kwababhaki kuyashintsha. Ngakho-ke, zingadla amajikijolo anejusi, izibungu, izinambuzane, ukhukhamba (ukuqeda ameva, izilwane ezincelisayo zigingqa isitshalo emhlabathini), ubhontshisi nezitshalo ezinotshani ezahlukahlukene.

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Izici zangaphandle zababhaki

Ama-Bakers ayizilwane ezincane: ubude bomzimba bungama-70-100 cm, ukuphakama akukho ngaphezu kwama-57 cm lapho kubuna, isisindo singama-30 kg. Zinekhanda elimise okomshini, linenhliziyo ethize esindayo entanyeni emfishane, elinokuphefumula okuphakeme nephrofayili eqondile, amehlo mancane, izindlebe zicocekile, ziyindilinga, imilenze incane, imfushane. Umzimba ungasindi, unomhlane omncane olengayo nomsila omfishane.

Sonke isidumbu sababhaki simboziwe ngokuphelele ngamabhulini aminyene, abonakala isikhathi eside lapho ebuna kanye nomugqa wangemuva futhi ufana ne-mane. Uma kwenzeka injabulo, i-mane iyakhuphuka, iveze indlala, lapho imfihlo eqhubekayo "yephunga" ifafazwa.

Ukudla okunempilo, indlela yokuphila, izici zokuzalwa kwezilwane ezincane

Babhaki bahlala emhlambini lomncane. Lezi yizilwane eziqinile: zizizwa zihle kakhulu ezindaweni ezomile nasezindaweni ezomile ezinomswakama. Bahlala kakhulu ebusuku.

Ukudla kwabo kufaka phakathi: izinhlobo zezitshalo, izimpande, amantongomane, amaqabunga, imbewu kanye nezinambuzane, amagundane amancane, amasele, ngisho ne-carrion.

Insikazi ingaletha izimbotshana eyodwa noma ezimbili zobulili obuhlukile kungakhathalekile ukuthi iyini inkathi yemvula, kepha imvamisa kakhulu ngenkathi yemvula. Ngaphambi kokuzala, kudingeka ashiye umhlambi ukuze athole indawo ezolile nephephile.Uma engakwenzi, izihlobo zakhe zingadla izingane.

Maduze nje, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zizoqala ukuzimela, futhi umama uzobuyela emhlambini nazo.

Ababhaki abasemakhaya

Abapheki bezingulube kulula ukuzilawula nokuzifuya. Ngasikhathi sinye, uzonamathela kumniniyo kakhulu ukuthi uzoqala ukumfuna uma ekhohlwa isikhathi eside, kuthi lapho esethole, akhombise injabulo yakhe ngokukhonkotha kanye nokukhalaza.

Ababhakekisi abathobekile basebenzelana nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, kepha lapho abantu abangabazi besondela, baqala ukukhathazeka, bagaye futhi baphakamise i-mane yabo. Uphuthuma ngesibindi ezinjeni ezincane.

Kungani abapheki bengezona izingulube

Phambilini, lezi zilwane bezingezomndeni wezingulube, kodwa noma kunjalo zazikhona izizathu eziningi zokuhlukaniswa komndeni ohlukile "wababhaki".

Engulubeni, ama-maxillary fangs aqondiswa phezulu noma eceleni - kubabhaki phansi.

Ezingulubeni, isisu sinekamelo elilodwa - kubhaka, kunezigaba ezintathu, eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Izingulube zinesigaxa senyongo - abapheki abanayo.

Izingulube zinezinzwane ezi-4 onyaweni ngalunye, kanti ababhaki banezinzwani ezi-3 emilenzeni yabo yangemuva.

Ezingulube ezindala, amazinyo angama-44 - kubhaka abadala, abangama-38.

Izingulube zinezimbambo ezi-5 noma ezi-8 zezindlala ezincelisayo - ababhaka babe namabili amabili.

Ukondla izingulube ezincane kwenziwa ngaphandle kokuqamba amanga - abapheki bemile.

Babhaki banezindlala ezinkulu emhlane wabo, kepha izingulube azinayo.

Incazelo yababhaki

Ama-bakers ayizilwane ezincane ezinobude be-trunk yemitha eyodwa nokuphakama lapho kubuna okungabi ngaphezu kwama-55-57 cm. Isisindo esijwayelekile sesilwane esidala singama-8-10 kg. Bonke abapheki babonakala ngokuba nekhanda elimise okwama-wedge, ngandlela thile elisindayo entanyeni emfushane. Isilwane sineprofayili eqondile nesikhuhluzo esidubulekile, amehlo amancane nezindlebe ezinhle ezihlanzekile Imilenze yombhaki imincane futhi imfushane.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! E-Melika, umbhaki uthole igama lesidlaliso "ingulube kamaskandi", ngenxa yephunga eliqondile nelingathandeki lamasentimende atholwe i-gland ekhethekile etholakala ngemuva emuva, eduze nomsila.

Lesi sakhiwo asilula, sinomsila omfushane kahle kanye nomqolo omncane olengiswe emuva. Isidumbu sombhaki simbozwe ngokuphelele ngezinhlanga ezinde kakhulu, eside kakhulu lapho ibuna futhi emuva, ngakho-ke ifana nohlobo lwe-mane. Esikhathini sokukhishwa, i-mane enjalo iphakanyiswa kalula, eveza indlala, egcina imfihlo ephikelelayo futhi “inephunga” elikhulu kakhulu.

Ukubukeka

Ama-Bakers anokuhlukahluka okuningana okuqhamuka ezingulubeni, okuvumela ukuthi zihlukaniswe njengolultivated unsulates:

• ukwehlukaniswa kwesisu kube yiminyango emithathu ephethe izikhwama ze-sausage ezingaboni,
• ukuba khona kweminwe emithathu ezinyaweni zezingemuva,
• ama-fangs aqondiswe phansi onxantathu,
• 38 amazinyo
• ngazimbili zezindlala ze-mammary.

Ngosizo lwemfihlo ekhethekile enjenge-musk, ababhaki abadala babeka uphawu endaweni yabo ngokufafaza uketshezi olunuka kamnandi ezihlahleni, otshanini noma ematsheni.

I-dimorphism yezocansi

Abesilisa nabesifazane bezilwane eziningi kakhulu zezilwane bahluke kakhulu ngokubukeka kwabo noma izici zabo zokuhleleka, kepha abapheki abasiyona ingxenye yalesi sigaba. Isici esiyingqayizivele sababhaki ukungabikho ngokuphelele kwezimpawu ze-dimorphism yezocansi. Kodwa-ke, "izingulube" ngokwazo ziyindlela impela yokuhlukanisa omunye ngomunye ngokobulili.

Habitat, indawo yokuhlala

Indawo yonke yensimu engamhlambi owodwa ingaqala ukusuka kumahektare angama-6,7 kuye kuma-1,250. Ukumaka indawo yesilwane kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa indle, kanye nokwenziwa okuvela emithanjeni yomgogodla. Ama-bakla Collared - okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo ezihlala e-United States, lapho abantu abahlanu kuya kwabayishumi nanhlanu bahlanganiswa babe ngumhlambi.

Indawo yomhlambi wababhaki abaneentshebe enyakatho yebanga futhi eningizimu yeMexico ingama-60-200 km 2. Imihlambi emikhulu yale nhlobo imvamisa imelelwa ngamakhulu noma ngaphezulu amakhanda. Ababhaki abanezinwele ezimhlophe bayakwazi ukuma endaweni ethile izinsuku ezimbalwa, emva kwalokho ukudla kuyafunwa kwenye insimu. Le nhlobo ivame ukudla ekudleni kwemvelaphi yezilwane.

Isinkwa se-Bakers

Ama-Herbivores ahluka ngesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sesisu, esiqinisekisa ukugaya okugcwele kwezinhlobo zokudla eziphelele. Ezindaweni zaseningizimu, ababhaka badla izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla, ezimelelwa izimpande, ama, amantongomane namakhowe.

Kwesinye isikhathi izilwane ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukudla i-carrion namaqanda, amasele nezinyoka ezincane. Engxenyeni esenyakatho yebanga, isisekelo esivame kakhulu sokondla isilwane esinjalo ngama-bulbs nezimpande, amantongomane nobhontshisi, amajikijolo ahlukahlukene, izitshalo ezinotshani kanye ne-cacti, izibungu nezinambuzane.

Ezindaweni ezomile zendawo yokuhlala, ukudla kwalezi zilwane kuyizitshalo ezinqabile impela, ngakho-ke izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kakhulu ze-cacti zihamba ziyondla, ezitholwa kalula futhi ngokushesha yisisu esinamakamelo amabili. Ababhaki abadala, ngosizo lwe-muzzle yabo eqinile, bagoqa ikhekhasi eligxishiwe ebusweni bomhlaba, eliqeda izinaliti.

Ukuzalela inzalo

Ababhaki abanezinwele ezimhlophe bayakwazi ukuzala unyaka wonke, kepha inani eliphakeme lesikhathi sokuzala liwela ikakhulu entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-156-162, emva kwalokho kuzalwa amawundlu amane kuya kwamane. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa kuzelwe, izingane ziyakwazi ukuhamba zizimele futhi zihambisane nonina. Isikhathi sokuzala sihlotshaniswa nenala yokuphakelwa nemvula.

Abapheki beCollar babonakala ngokungabikhona kwenkathi ethile yokuzalanisa, ngakho-ke izingane zingazalwa unyaka wonke. Ukuhlangana kuthonywa isimo sezulu nokuba khona kwemvula. Ezeduna ezivelele kakhulu zivame ukushada nazo zonke izinsikazi emhlambini.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! ukuthi abapheki abanezinwele ezimhlophe bayakwazi ukukhiqiza ama-hybrids anama-bakla angama-collared.

Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-141- 151, kuthi ekulahlekeni kwethala elilodwa kuya kwamathathu kuzalwe. Ezinyangeni ezintathu, insikazi yondla izingane ngobisi. Abesilisa bafika esikhathini sokuthomba ezinyangeni eziyishumi nanye, bese izinsikazi zivuthwa ngokocansi ezinyangeni eziyi-8-14.

Izitha zemvelo

Abaphikisi abanonya kakhulu babhaki endaweni yabo yemvelo ngama-jaguars kanye nama-cougars, kanye nabantu. Abantu badla izinyamazane ezinjenge-non-ruminant artiodactyl ezincelisayo ngenhloso yokukhipha inyama nesikhumba. Ababhaki abasha bahlaselwa ama-coyotes kanye ne-lynx ebomvu. Umama uvikela ngentshiseko inzalo yakhe futhi uluma isitha ngamazinyo akhe. Umbhaki othukuthele noma oshaqayo ukhipha uphawu oluyisimangaliso lwefangs.