I-Black Sea goby, kanye ne-anchovy yendawo - i-hamsa, ingesinye sabamele abavelele bezilwane ezingaphansi kwamanzi zase-Anapa, ezixhumene kakhulu nabantu. Iningi lama-veteran nabantu asebekhulile bayakhumbula ukuthi ithole eliyinkunzi lisindise kanjani endlaleni ngesikhathi seMpi enkulu yamalungelo abantu. Lo mkhiqizo wosawoti oyingqayizivele ungenye yezinhlobo zamadolobhana ase-Black Sea. Namuhla, abantu abadala benza izinganekwane futhi bakhumbule izindaba ezihlekisayo zokubamba inkunzi e-Anapa. Ezindabeni zabokhokho bethu nabadobi asebekhulile, senze iveli lamaqiniso mayelana nokuhamba koLwandle Olumnyama - inhlanzi encane efanelekayo yoLwandle Olumnyama.
Ukubukeka
Ulwandle Olumnyama nolwe-Azov lusinike izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabili zama-gobies. Emgwaqweni wamatshe nesihlabathi eduze ne-Anapa, sihlangana nezinhlobo ezi-4 zezakhamuzi ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Zonke izinhlobonhlobo ze-goby ziyefana kakhulu ngesakhiwo somzimba futhi zihlukile ngombala, noma ngobude noma inani lemisebe ye-fin.
Uhlobo lwe-Anapa oluvame kakhulu nxazonke goby. Ngenxa yomzimba wayo omncane onamasheya nezembozo ezigcwele kakhulu ze-gill, igama elinjalo liyatholakala. Isidumbu simbozwe ngokuphelele esikalini, kuze kufike emuva kwekhanda. Ikhanda elinamehlo amabili asondelene, umlomo ophakathi nendawo awufinyeleli iso. Isici esine-log yeligi eyindilinga siyindawo emnyama ebonakalayo enobubanzi obuphuzi ngemuva kwe-fin yokuqala dorsal. Njengazo zonke izinhlobo zama-gobies, isisu esiyindilinga sisebenzise amachaphaza asesiswini futhi senza into efana nenkomishi yokudonsa, esiza ukuhlala ematsheni ashelelayo. Umbala womzimba oyindilinga ungwevu noma onsundu onamabala amnyama ezinhlangothini, kwesinye isikhathi kube mnyama ngisho nasikhathi sokuzala. Ukukhula kwalolu hlobo akukho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-25 futhi kunesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-250.
Kutholakala e-Anapa nezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu ze-gobies - isiswebhu noma i-martovik. Umpetha ngesisindo angafinyelela ku-500 amagremu wesisindo esinobude ngamasentimitha angama-35. Le ndoda eqinile ngendlela yayo inekhanda elikhulu kunayo yonke, efakwa ugesi ngamagill wide, ahlala evulekile ezansi. Umlomo mkhulu futhi ubanzi. Umbala unsundu onamabala amnyama, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza sisondele kumnyama.
Kuwo wonke amabhishi anesihlabathi se-Anapa ungahlangana no-goby sandbox. Lenhlobo yezinhlanzi ilula ngenxa yemvelo yangaphandle. Esikhathini somshado uphenduka ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ikhanda alilikhulu njengakwezinye izinhlobo, umzimba umfushane. I-sandbox ikhula ibe ngamasentimitha angama-20 enesisindo sama-gramu ayi-150.
Goby golovach enekhanda lakhe elikhulu elithobekile, alitholela igama lakhe lesidlaliso, uhlala oLwandle Olumnyama. Umlomo ubanzi ngomlomo ongenhla uhlukanise, umhlathi ophansi mude kunowaphezulu. Umbala onsundu noma ubomvu unamabala amnyama abonakala ngokucacile, unxantathu omnyama ubonakala kahle ekugcineni komsila.
Imikhuba
Ukuqalwa kwe-Gobies kuqala ngo-Ephreli, futhi kugcina lonke ihlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bagqoka umsila wabo omnyama futhi basebenze lonke iholide. Izinsikazi zingamathole ezinkabi, amantombazane anomoya, futhi zibeka amaqanda kuphela, emva kwalokho zibhukuda kude nezinkinga zomndeni. Kusukela ekuqaleni kobaba obandayo, amathoyizi anakekela isidleke. Endaweni yokuvuthwa kwe-caviar, ukucindezelwa kwesihlabathi noma ematsheni, i-tin endala noma ipayipi, kufanelekile, konke lokhu kufanele kuqala kuhlanzwe imfucumfucu nezinto ezibukhali. Umama ovakashile ubekela amaqanda futhi anyamalale, emva kwalokho umgadli uqala ukunakekela inzalo esizayo. Imithwalo yakhe yemfanelo ifaka phakathi ukuvikela isidleke kwizinyamazane nasekuzaleni, ukufinyeleleka njalo komoya-mpilo kanye nethonya lamanzi, elethwa wukuqhuzulwa okuqhubekayo kwamaphini. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi imfucumfucu ayifiki kumaqanda, okufanele akhishwe masinyane ukuze angahliki igobolondo yama-larva. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-goby empeleni ayidli futhi ilahlekelwe isisindo esiningi, kepha igcina kahle.
Ngemuva kwesonto, noma ngisho nenyanga yokunakekelwa kobuhlungu, kuvela i-fry. Ngemuva kokuzala, ithole lenkabi liyanyamalala konke ukunakekelwa komama, uqala ukudla kakhulu futhi ukulungele ngisho nokudla inzalo yesikhathi esizayo. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi uFry angahlali kude nabantu abadala futhi aphile yedwa.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-goby yabantu abadala kwenziwa ngezinhlanzi ezincane, ama-crustaceans amancane, nezibungu ezingezansi. Ithole alithandi ukufukula nokujaha inyamazane, imikhuba yalo ethandekayo ukulinda, lifune ukuqamekela, noma bambe isibungu phansi. Ngisho amaqhawe ethu abhukuda ngokunganqikazi. Ama-gobies ahamba ngezansi, adlula emifudlaneni yamanzi, azisize ngamaphiko we-pectoral. Ukunyakaza kuyaxakile futhi kungokuzithokozisa.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
Kuyabonakala ukuthi i-goby ingaba semoyeni isikhathi eside. Kuyavela ukuthi inhlanzi yethu encane inamandla okuphefumula isikhumba. Ngakho-ke, abantu abaningi babheka ukuthi izinkunzi ezithengiwe emakethe zikhombisa umsebenzi ongaphezu kokuvamile. Ngisho nangemva kokuchitha amahora amaningi esemoyeni, azithola esemanzini olwandle, umgibeli uyaphila futhi ubhukuda ubheke ezansi.
Amagogo awanaso isigaxa sokubhukuda, kepha aphila kanjani phansi? Imfihlo yayisezinhlafunweni zikaphalafini ezihlanganisiwe, ezagcina ziguqulwa zaba uhlobo lwendebe yokudonsa. Leli thuluzi lisebenza njengegiya elihle; izithako zokugibela zitholakala ngisho nasezintanjeni zamatshe ayi-Sheer.
Inkunzi yowesifazane idonsela ukunaka hhayi kuphela ezimnyama zokugqoka zikababa wesikhathi esizayo, kodwa futhi nezwi lakhe. Kuyavela ukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa bangenza imisindo ehlukahlukene ukuheha umakoti.
Ukudla okuthandwa kakhulu kwamakhekhe "Ama-Gobies eTomato", okwakukhonzwa kakhulu yiSoviet Union, kwenziwa ngenkunzi yethu emnyama yasolwandle noma emartovik. Ubungako bezinhlanzi babungenele ithini elijwayelekile, futhi ukunambitheka abakhunjulwa ngokhokho bethu nokhokho bethu kusengenye yezinkumbulo eziqhakazile zeminyaka edlule.
Lapho ungabona khona e-Anapa
Ungahlangana nenkunzi kunoma yiluphi ugu e-Anapa. Ukubuka impilo yosaziwayo bendawo, isethi yokuqala yokwehlukanisa yanele - imaski namaphini. Ithole-inkunzi kuyisilwane esiphawuleka kakhulu, likuvumela ukufinyelela eduze futhi likuvumela ukuba ujabulele umzuzu wokubona imikhuba yakhe ngisho nokuzingela.
Ukuze ufunde izimfanelo zesimo senkabi kusuka ku-Anapa, udinga ukuya ezimakethe zokwenza izinqumo. Ehlobo, isivakashi singathola kalula ingxenye yaso yenkunzi eyomile, eyomisiwe neyosiwe.
Incazelo Nezici
Isici esikhulu se-morphological esihlanganisa ama-gobies yinkomishi yokudonsa. Itholakala engxenyeni engaphakathi yomzimba. Yakhiwa njengomphumela wokuhlanganiswa kwemithambo ye-ventral. Isebenzela ukunamathela kwenhlanzi ematsheni, amakhorali, ngaphansi komhlaba. Ibamba izinhlanzi endaweni yokupaka, ngisho nemisinga ebalulekile.
Amagogo izinhlanzi ezincane. Kepha kunezinhlobo zobukhulu obuhle. Kuhle goby-kut kukhula kufike kuma-30- cm cm. Abanye ababambe amarekhodi bafinyelela kumamitha ayi-0.5. Uhlobo oluncane kunazo zonke yi-Trimmatom nanus emfishane. Kungabhekwa njengenye yezinhlanzi ezincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ayidluli ku-1 cm.
Le ndlela ihlala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yePacific nasezindongeni zamanzi oLwandlekazi i-Indian. Ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-5 kuye kwangama-30. Kuze kube ngu-2004, bekubhekwa njenge-vertebrate encane kunazo zonke. Ukutholwa kwakamuva nje kwezazi zezinto eziphilayo kumqhubele endaweni yesithathu.
Isici esijabulisayo senkunzi ukuthi insikazi ingahle ibe yindoda
Endaweni yesibili kwakuyinhlanzi yamakhorali iSchindleria brevipinguis. I-Carp 7.9 mm ubude, ukuphela kwe-Indonesia, ithi ingumholi kulolu hlu. Igama lakhe: Paedocypris progenetica.
Ngaphandle kokwehluka ngosayizi, izilinganiso zawo wonke ama-gobts ziyefana. Ikhanda lezinhlanzi likhulu, lithambile kancane ngaphezulu nangaphansi. Kubo bonke ububanzi bekhanda kunomlomo osindayo obanzi, phezu kwawo kunamehlo amakhulu. Ingxenye yokuqala yomzimba i-cylindrical. Ingxenye yesisu ithambile kancane.
Izinhlanzi zinamaphinifa amabili (dorsal). Imisebe yokuqala inzima, yesibili ithambile. Amaphinifa we-pectoral anamandla. IVentral (isisu) yakha indebe yokudonsa. I-anal fin iyodwa. Umsila uphela ngenhlawulo eyindilinga ngaphandle kwama-lobes.
Ukulinganiselwa kanye nokujwayelekile komzimba akunikezi imininingwane ephelele mayelana inhlanzi ebukeka kanjani. Umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ngazinye ngombala ubalulekile. Kakhulu kangangokuba kunzima ukukholwa ukuthi izinhlanzi zingabomndeni owodwa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobo zezitshalo ezishisayo.
Zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zihlukaniswa kwi-Fish of the World umhlahlandlela. Ngo-2016, uhlelo lwesihlanu lwahlelwa nguJoseph S. Nelson. Ubudlelwano obuhlelekile emndenini wakwa-goby buguqulwe kakhulu. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, umuntu angahlukanisa izinto ezihamba kancane ezihlala esifundeni sasePonto-Caspian. Ezinye zazo yizinhlobo zezentengiso.
Inkonyane yenkomo iphakathi ngosayizi. Abesilisa bafika ku-15 cm, insikazi ifinyelela ku-20 cm. Enye yezinhlobo ezibaluleke kunazo zonke oLwandle i-Azov ngokuya kwezokudoba ngokuhweba. Abesilisa bavame ukufa ngemuva kokuhluma kokuqala, beneminyaka emibili. Izinsikazi zingavela amahlandla amaningana futhi ziphila iminyaka emihlanu.
Ibekezelela usawoti namanzi amasha, ngakho-ke ayitholakali kuphela eLwandle Olumnyama, olwandle lwe-Azov kanye nolwandle lweCaspian. Ingakhuphuka imifula egeleza iye kubo ifinyelela ezindaweni eziphakathi neRussia. Kulokhu, uyaziveza futhi goby river.
Ubude obujwayelekile bale nhlanzi bungamasentimitha ayi-12. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zifinyelela ku-20 cm. Njengamapulangwe ayindilinga aguqulwe namanzi amasha. Ukusuka oLwandle Olumnyama yasakazeka emifuleni yase-Ukraine, Belarus naseRussia. Emizimbeni yamanzi ahlanzekile, izinhlanzi zitholakala ngasikhathi sinye. ratan no goby. Ngenxa yomzimba wabo ofanayo, bavame ukudideka. Kepha izinhlanzi ziyizihlobo ezikude, ezivela emindenini ehlukene.
Ihlala ezigudwini zoLwandle Olumnyama, eDniester, indawo engaphansi kweDanube, oLwandle i-Azov. Ama-Spawns, njengezinye izinkunzi, entwasahlobo. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziningana. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuhlala amasonto amabili. Hatching gazinga kuze kube ngu-7 mm ubude. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, uwele phansi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, baqala ukuphila impilo esebenzayo yomphangi. Chitha zonke izinto eziphilayo, ezifanelekileyo ngosayizi. Kakhulu plankton. Izinhlobo ezihlangeneyo zifuna ukudla, isibonelo, i-goby eyindilinga.
Isakhamuzi se-Azov nama-Black Seas. Uphatha amanzi anama-degree kasawoti amaningi, kufaka phakathi okusha. Ingena emfuleni. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu ngokwanele. Kufika ku-35 cm ubude kuze kufike ku-600 g isisindo. Isimilo. Imikhuba ehambisanayo: noma yisiphi isidalwa esiphilayo esitholakala ngaphansi singena ekudleni. NgoMashi, abadobi base-amateur oLwandle i-Azov, lolu hlobo luvela kaningi kunamanye ama-gobies. Kungakho igama elithi Martovik.
Kanye nezinhlobo zezentengiso, izinto ezihamba phambili ziyathandeka - izakhamizi zasolwandle, izindawo zasemanzini zasolwandle. Kuyaziwa kakhulu kuma-aquarists eValenciennea. it goby I-Valenciennes. Ibizwe ngemuva kwesazi sezilwane esidumile sase-French Achille Valenciennes, owayephila ngekhulu le-19. Lona lonke uhlobo. Kuhlanganisa nezinhlobo ezingama-20. Abane abaziwa kakhulu.
- I-Goby-lancers ezimbili-lane.
Lezi zinhlanzi zihlala zigaya emhlabathini. Igama labo "ukumba izinkunzi." Banamasu alula wokudla okunempilo. Amagogo abamba inhlabathi ngemilomo yawo. Kusetshenziswa amapuleti wefreyimu enqamula emlonyeni, isisekelo esingaphansi siyavinjelwa. Isihlabathi, amatshe amatshe, udoti uphonswa ku-gill. Noma yini enencazelo yenani lokudla kuyadliwa. Ngaphezu kwesimo esisebenzayo, abasemanzini bayakwazisa ukubukeka okuhle kwezinkunzi.
I-Reynford goby noma i-Amblygobius rainfordi ingaheha ngokukhethekile. Okuhle okuncane inhlanzi, goby esithombeni kusebenza kakhulu. Kwaqhubeka ukuthengiswa ngonyaka we-1990. Lapho kuqala ukuthandwa okwandayo kwezindawo ezihlala emanzini. Emvelweni, ayiqoqani ngamaqembu noma imihlambi, ithanda isizungu. E-aquarium, ingahle ingahambisani nohlobo lwayo.
Into emangalisa kakhulu nge-inkunzi-idracula igama layo. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi kungani umhlali waseSeychelles and Maldives, uSonogobiops dracula, alitholile leli gama. Inhlanzi encane enemigqa ihlala emgodini owodwa onesihlwathi. Ngokunokwenzeka, ukubukeka njengenkathi kanye nenkabi ngasikhathi sinye kwaba nomfanekiso oqinile kumtholi wayo.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Amagciwane atholakala emhlabeni wonke. Khetha izindawo ezishisayo nendawo ezishisayo. Kuguqulwe ngosawoti, usawoti omncane namanzi amasha. IGoby yamanzi ahlanzekile uhlala emifuleni, emigodini yamachibi. amaxhaphozi amaxhaphozi, ezansi ngaphansi kogu lolwandle. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala emifuleni ephansi yemifula, lapho amanzi enosawoti oguquguqukayo. Ama-35% enani eliphelele lama-gogo ayizakhamizi zezixhobo zamakhorali.
Kunezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezihlele impilo yazo ngokumangalisa. Lawa ama-shrimp gobies. Bangena ekuhlanganiseni nabanye abahlali basolwandle. Bazuza ngokuhlangana kanye ne-nutcracker shrimp, nayo engazange ihlale ku-loser.
Wakha umgodi lapho angacasha khona kanye nendawo eyanele yokwamukela inkunzi eyodwa noma ezimbili. Inkonyane, isebenzisa iso elihle kakhulu, ixwayisa izimbali ngengozi. Lokho-ke, kugcina indlu evamile isesimweni esihle. Ama-gobies awahlali nje emgodini uqobo, kodwa futhi azalela kuwo.
Esinye isibonelo se-Syiosis ukuhleleka okuphilayo kwe-neon gobies. Basebenza njengama-oda: bahlanza umzimba, amageja nemihlathi emikhulu, kufaka phakathi izinhlanzi ezidliwayo. Indawo yokuhlala yama-neon gob iphenduka indlu yokuhlanza i-parasite. Umthetho wokuthi izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidla inyama zidla izinhlanzi ezincane azisebenzi endaweni yokuhlanzeka.
Umsoco
Ama-gobies ayizakhamizi ezihlala olwandle nasemifuleni. Isabelo esiyinhloko sesibonelelo sokudla abasitholayo ngokuhlola ulwandle noma phansi komfula. Emanzini angaphansi agcwele i-zooplankton. Ukudla kufaka izibungu zanoma iyiphi inhlanzi nezinambuzane, ama-crustaceans anjenge-amphipods, ama-gastropods.
Ngejubane elibonakala lihamba kancane izinhlanzi ezihamba phambili ihlasela ngempumelelo izihlobo ezincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idla i-caviar kanye nefry yezinye izinhlanzi. Kepha isifiso senkonyane akuholeli ekunciphiseni kwenani lezinhlanzi eliseduze kwazo.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
I-tropical Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezihamba phambili musa ukuhambisana nokuqina kwesizini ngenkathi usakaza. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo, nakanjani. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala entwasahlobo, futhi sinwebeka ehlobo lonke.
Owesilisa ulungiselela indawo yokukhosela. Kungaba umgodi, isinki elisuswe imfucumfucu, igebe phakathi kwamatshe. Izindonga nophahla lwesidleke kufanele kube bushelelezi. Owesilisa ubhekene nalokhu. Ngemuva komsebenzi wokulungiselela, ukubhanqa kwenzeka. Insikazi ihlala esidlekeni ngaphambi kokuhluma: iyishiya bese ihlala futhi.
Emini ukuqhuma kwenzeka. Umzali uvele amaqanda ngokucophelela, ngokulinganayo, uwafake ezindongeni nasophahleni lwendawo yokuhlala, bese uyawashiya. Owesilisa ungena endabeni. Umsebenzi wawo ukudala ukuhamba kwegazi ngamaphini, ngaleyo ndlela kunikeze amaqanda ne-oxygen. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ugada amathole ezinkomo asasa.
Kudingeka okungenani isonto ukuze kuvuthwe amaqanda. I-Fry yavela yaqala ukuziphilela impilo yokuzimela. I-Benthic plankton iba ukudla kwabo, futhi i-algae, amatshe, namakhorali abe yisivikelo.
Izinkunzi ezincane, uma ziphumelele, ezineminyaka emibili zingazalela ezazo inzalo. Isikhathi sokuphila kwalezi zinhlanzi sisukela eminyakeni engama-2-5. Kwezinhlobo ezithile, ikakhulukazi zabesilisa, kunethuba elilodwa lokukhiqiza inzalo. Ngemuva kokuhlakazwa kokuqala, bayafa.
Ezinhlotsheni eziningi ze-gobi, ososayensi baveze ikhono elimangazayo. Bangashintsha ubulili. I-metamorphosis enjalo iwuphawu lwenhlanzi yezinhlobo ze-Сoryphopterus personatus. Abesifazane bayakwazi ukuvela baba abesilisa. Kunombono wokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kuguqulwe abesilisa kube ngabesifazane. Kusolwa izinsolo zalolu hlobo lwe-Paragobiodon ngalokhu.
Ithole eliyinkunzi liyathengiswa ezinhlanganweni ezimbili. Okokuqala, kungumkhiqizo wokudla. I-Azov goby fish, ebandisiwe, eqandisiwe ilinganiselwa kuma-ruble ayi-160-200 ngekhilogremu. I-goby edume ngokudla utamatisi ibiza ama-ruble angama-50-60 kuphela kumgqomo ngamunye.
Okwesibili, gobies ziyathengiswa ukuzigcina emanzini. Amanani alezi zakhamuzi ezishisayo ahlukile kakhulu. Ukusuka kuma-ruble angama-300 kuye kwangama-3000 lilinye. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye nenhlanzi kufanelekile ukuyiqongelela ukudla.
Ukubamba inkunzi
Zimbalwa izinhlobo zalezinhlanzi eziyizinto zokudoba. Kepha ukuqubuka kwamathole ezinkomo kuthinta ngokuqondile imiphumela yokudoba ngokuhweba. Goby — inhlanzi, efakwe ekudleni kwezinye izimpilo zasolwandle: i-cod, i-sea bass, i-flounder.
Ukubamba amagebhi kungenye yemisebenzi yendabuko yabadobi baseLwandle Olumnyama kanye ne-Azov. Kuyathandwa futhi nakubadobi abahlala eCaspian. Ukulwa kulula. Lokhu kuvame ukuba yinduku yokudoba noma i-donka.
Into esemqoka ukuthi ibheji lalala ngokukhululeka emhlabathini. Izingcezwana zenyama yezinhlanzi, izibungu, izimpethu kungaba njengesiheho. Ukudoba okuphumelelayo, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni, kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva kokubonisana nesazi sendawo.
Ukudotshwa kwezimboni kwenziwa kusetshenziswa amanethi okuhudula, amanetha ahleliwe. Okuvamile ekubambeni inyamazane edla inyama, eduze-ezansi yinhlwathi yohlobo lwe-semester. Umthamo wokukhiqizwa kwenkunzi yezimboni eRussia awubalulekile, awufakiwe kwizibalo ze-Federal Fisheries Agency.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezishisayo zazithatha ingxenye ehlukile ebhizinisini lokudoba: zaba ngama-regars ezindaweni zasemanzini. Adumile kangangokuba ayabanjwa, akhule futhi athengiswe ngezimboni.