I-Apistogramma (sp. Apistogramma) - iqembu elikhulu lama-cichlid aseNingizimu Melika, amelwe e-aquarium ngabameli bawo abathile abavelele. Isici esibonakalayo kumdwebo womzimba walezi zinhlanzi ngumugqa oqondile omnyama ogeleza usuka ekhanda uya emsileni. Kodwa-ke, ngokuya ngezinhlobo ezithile, kungahle kubonakale, kuphazanyiswe umugqa onamachashazi noma kushintshwe iphethini. Kwabonakala into efanayo egameni lalezi cichlids, ezinamagama amabili esiGreki: “apisto”, okusho ukuthi “okungapheliyo”, “ukungaququki” kanye no “gramme” - “umaki”, “umugqa”. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi imicu emzimbeni kanye nombala ogqamile ngokuyinhloko iyilungelo lobudoda. Amajaha nezintokazi azimibalabala kangako.
Emvelweni, izinhlanzi zihlala emifudlaneni nasezingxenyeni zemifula ngokuhamba kancane phakathi kwezihlahla eziningi namahlamvu ezihlahla awile. Amanzi, njengomthetho, anombala onsundu ngobuningi bama-tannins ancibilikisiwe, avela ekubumbeni kwezinto eziphilayo zezitshalo. Ngokufanayo, kunconywa ukuklama ne-aquarium. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuvumela izinhlanzi ukuba zisesimweni esifanele zona, kodwa futhi kuyasiza ukugcina ukukhanya kombala. Kwezinye izimo, ama-Amistilitha angahle alahlekelwe yimibala yawo.
Zibhekwa njengezinokuthula ngokuhlobene nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, akumangalisi uma kubhekwa usayizi onesizotha - abantu abadala bafinyelela isilinganiso esingu-8 cm ubude.Ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo zezinto zonke, yonke into ayihambelani kangako. Uma izintokazi zinobungane impela, abesilisa abawona umuntu onobungani kakhulu komunye nomunye, futhi phakathi kokusakazeka angangena ngisho nakuma-skirmish phezu kwensimu. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinsikazi ziyahlaselwa futhi, ngakho-ke, ukuze uzivikele, kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngemikhoselo enokwethenjelwa, engasebenza futhi njenge "nursery" lapho i-fry izokhula ezinsukwini zokuqala zezimpilo zabo. Emanzini amancane, kunconyelwa ukuthi kulondolozwe usayizi weqembu lowesilisa nowesifazane abathathu noma ngaphezulu.
Izidingo ezijwayelekile zama-aquariums ngama-apistograms
Zonke izinhlobo zama-apistograms okuba khona ntofontofo zidinga inani elanele lokukhosela e-aquarium, njenge-driftwood kanye ne-grottoes. Zidinga nezitshalo eziminyene. Njengoba izinhlanzi zingahle zithambekele ekumba inhlabathi futhi zonakalise ulwelwe, kulula kakhulu ukunikeza isilinganiso esiluhlaza endaweni e-aquarium.
Onke ama-apistogram adinga ukukhanyiswa okugcwele, okufanele kube yimvelo. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, khona-ke kufanele usebenzise izibani zekhwalithi ephezulu.
Amanzi asemanzini kufanele njalo, okungenani isikhathi esingu-1 ngezinsuku ezi-4, athathwe ngo-1/5. Ngesikhathi sokushintshwa kwamanzi, phansi kufanele kuhlanzwe izinsalela zokuphakelwa nokungcola kusuka kubahlali base-aquarium.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokondla ama-apistograms
Njengazo zonke izinhlanzi ezivela emndenini wakwaTsikhlovye, ama-apistiligs adinga ukudla okubukhoma ikakhulukazi. Izinhlanzi zinganikezwa ama-bloodworms, i-coronetra, amazeze wamanzi, kanye ne-larvae emiyane emnyama (emanzini ase-aquarium, izibungu zikhula ngokushesha zibe omiyane, futhi ngenxa yalokho kufanele zinikezwe ngamanani amancane).
Ukudla okubukhoma kungathathelwa indawo nge-ayisikhilimu, okubuye kuthengwe kalula ezitolo zezilwane. Ukudla okubukhoma kufakwe kahle ngamaflash yemifino. Uma kungekho-ke umsoco odingekayo, inhlanzi ingaphatha ukudla okuyinkimbinkimbi kokudla okusanhlamvu isikhashana.
I-Apistogram Ramirez
Lezi zinhlanzi zibhekwa njengezifaneleke kakhulu phakathi kwama-apistograms. Akuvamile ukuthi zitholakale ezitolo zezilwane nangaphansi kwamanye amagama:
i-butterfly cichlid, i-ramirezi apistogram, i-chromis butterfly, i-ramirezi uvemvane, uvemvane lwe-venisuelan, i-ramirezi microgeophagus.
Umbala wama-apistogram weRamistrezi uyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwemibala eminingi. Izinhlangothi zazo zimpunga nge-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ekhanyayo. Ikhanda nesifuba kugolide ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imicu emnyama idlula ekhanda ngeso.
I-apistogram kaRamirezi esiswini inesigaxa se-orange esigcwalisiwe. Kukhona indawo emnyama ezansi kwe-dorsal fin. Umphetho we-dorsal fin uhlelwe ngomucu obomvu. Zonke izinhlayiya zinamachashazi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza. Namuhla, imisebenzi yabahwebi abasebenzisanga izinhlobo ezejwayelekile zamabala.
I-Apistogram Agassitsa
Lezi zinhlanzi zinobude obungafika ku-9 cm. Zingaphila zombili kuhlobo lwenhlanzi kanye nasema-aquarium jikelele, eduze nezinhlanzi ezincane, ezinokuthula, ezolile. Umbala oyisisekelo womzimba uyi-iron-bronze nge-tint emhlophe-eluhlaza okotshani. Umugqa omnyama ogijima eceleni, ukufifiyela kudlulela emsileni. Esisekelo se-dorsal fin kukhona futhi umucu omnyama, futhi umphetho wawo uhlelwe obomvu. Ngenxa yemvelo yombala, le apistogram ibizwa nangokuthi ithoshi.
I-Cockatoo apistogram
Ubude bezinhlanzi bufika ku-8 cm. Imvelo yabo inokuthula, yokuhlala. Zilungele zombili izinhlobo nezinhlanzi ezijwayelekile. Umbala wezinhlanzi oyimpunga uphuzi ngokuphuzi nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ohlangothini lwayo. Isisu ophuzi-owolintshi. Emzimbeni kukhona umucu omnyama ophela endaweni ethile phansi komsila. Amaphinisi wangemuva kanye nomsila angawolintshi, amaphiko we-anal fin ne-pectoral angawolintshi onotshani obuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Incazelo
I-Apistogram - izinhlanzi ze-aquarium ezivela emndenini we-cichlid. Ubukhulu bawo abudluli ubude bamasentimitha ayi-7, futhi iningi lawo lakha amasentimitha ayi-5 kuphela. Le miniature ikuvumela ukuba uphume ngomthamo ongamalitha angama-30, ngisho nomhlambi omncane. I-apistogram ikhombisa ukulungela ngokuphelele mayelana nemibandela yokuboshwa kanye nemvelo enhle kubo bonke abanye abahlala e-aquarium. Kuliqiniso, isidalwa esinjalo asihlali isikhathi eside - okungenani, iminyaka emi-4. Ngokuya ngohlobo lomzimba, ingaba nokuma okusaqanda noma icishe ijikelekile. Kufanele kucaciswe masinyane ukuthi igama le-apistogram lihlanganisa inani elikhulu lezinhlobo, ngasinye sazo esinezimpawu zaso.
Emvelweni, izinhlanzi zithanda izidumbu zamanzi ngenkambo ehamba kancane nenani elikhulu lamaqabunga awile, ama-algae kanye nezibambo.
Amanzi kuleli cala, ngenxa yama-tannins, ajika abe nsundu, ngakho-ke kuyalulekwa ukuthi alondoloze isimo esifanayo e-aquarium. Lokhu akugcini nje ukudala indawo efanelekile ye-apistogram, kodwa futhi kusiza ukugcina ukukhanya kombala, okuthi kwezinye izimo kube buthuntu ngokwengeziwe. Konje yize izidalwa zinobungane impela, ngaphakathi emhlambini amaduna angakwazi ukuzwana ngolaka, futhi aze acasule abantu besifazane ngesikhathi sokuqhuma. Lokhu kuchaza isidingo sokubeka inani elanele lezindawo zokukhosela nezindawo ezakhiwe ezindaweni zasemanzini. Uma i-aquarium ikhethiwe encane, kungcono ukudala umhlambi weduna elilodwa futhi okungenani abesifazane abathathu.
I-apistato ye-cockatoo ihlala iminyaka emi-5. Ubukhulu besilisa bufika ngamasentimitha angu-9 ubude, kepha izinsikazi azihambi ngalapho kwemingcele ka-4-5 amasentimitha. Izinhlanzi zingena kahle kunoma iyiphi i-aquarium enenombolo enkulu yezitshalo nendawo yokukhosela, kanye namanzi ahlanzekile. Kubalulekile ukuthi umthamo wethangi uqale kusuka kumalitha angama-50.
I-Apistogram Ramirezi yizinhlobo ezidumile kunazo zonke, ezaziwa nangokuthi uvemvane. Umbala wayo ogqamile nomlingiswa onobungane uchaza ukuthandwa okukhethekile phakathi kwama-olwandle. Ubude bezinhlanzi abudluli amasentimitha ayi-5. Izinhlobonhlobo zayo yi-apistogram yebhaluni yaseRamirezi, enomzimba oyindilinga ongajwayelekile. Le nhlobonhlobo ibuthakathaka kune- "yasekuqaleni", ngakho-ke, idinga okuqukethwe okunembe kakhudlwana, ukungabikho kokushintshashintsha kokushisa kanye nokusebenza kwamanzi okuzinzile.
Ngokwengeziwe ethangini, kukhona itshe lesembozo, elibonakaliswa ukwehla amaphiko obude obude.
I-Borelli apistogram ingummeleli omuhle wama-cyclides, ubukhulu bawo abudluli amasentimitha ayi-8. I-Apistogram agassitsa akuyona inhlanzi enkulu kakhulu futhi engenalo nolaka ngokuphelele. Kunconywa ukuyithenga kuphela kubanikazi bamanzi abanekhono, ngoba ukunakekelwa kwesidalwa kunemininingwane yayo. Abafuyi basebenzise imibala eminingi yalolu hlobo: i-agassitsa fire red, i-agassitsa ed ed kabili neminye.
Le Macmaster apistogram ikhula ibe ngamasentimitha angu-9 ubude futhi inemibala ehlukene. Kufanele igcinwe ethangini elikhulukazi ngaphandle kwemijikelezo nangamanzi ahlanzekile, ngakho-ke kuphela izazi zasemanzini eziqeqeshiwe ezikhetha ukubukeka okunzima. I-Widget apistogram inenombolo enkulu yemibala, ethandwa kakhulu okuyikho amawijethi weGolide noBomvu. Ubude bezinhlanzi abudluli amasentimitha ayi-8.
I-apistogram ye-altispinosis, futhi eyi-butterfly yaseBolivia, ibonisa umbala wayo okhanyayo kuphela uma kunendawo ethule.
Kubalulekile ukuyixazulula iyodwa noma nomakhelwane abanokuthula.
I-panduro apistogram iyazwela kakhulu i-acidity yamanzi, ngokungafani nezihlobo zayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudinga ithangi elikhulu kahle - izimbhangqwana zabantu ezizodinga i-aquarium yamalitha ayi-100. Ubude besilisa abudluli amasentimitha ayi-8, kanti izinsikazi azikhuli kuze kube ngamasentimitha ayi-5. Ngaphandle, i-panduro, ngendlela, ayibukeki ikhanga kakhulu, ngoba umthunzi wayo oyinhloko ungwevu. Abesilisa, noma kunjalo, banomucu wewolintshi, kodwa kuphela emsileni.
Ihambisana nezinye izinhlanzi
Ama-apistogram athanda ukuthula aphile kamnandi nanoma iyiphi inhlanzi engakhombisi ulaka noma ukwanda kokuthola. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha kungenziwa ngokusekelwe kwinhlanganisela enhle yemibala, noma imikhuba yokudla efanayo.
Lapho zigcwele izinyamazane, izilwane ezifuywayo uqobo kuzoba ukudla kwezidalwa ezikhudlwana.
Ngezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukile zama-apistogram, omakhelwane abehlukene bazokwenza. Ngokwesibonelo, kumabhaluni nama-altispinoses akhethwa njengama-cohabitants of guppies nabesilisa, futhi i-ramirezi igcwele e-aquarium eyodwa nge-catfish noma i-zebrafish. Njalo umuntu ohlala naye endaweni enhle uthathwa njenge-barbus.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Inhlabathi ingahle ibe yisihlabathi noma isicubu esihle. Ukukhanyisa akubalulekile kangako, kepha ukuba khona kwezimila kunethonya elizuzayo ngesimo sezakhamuzi ze-aquarium.
I-Aeration kanye nokushintshwa kwamanzi njalo kubalulekile kakhulu. Ochwepheshe bancoma ukuthi kungenziwa amanye ama-10% wevolumu ephelele nsuku zonke, noma aguquke kusuka ku-25 kuye kwangama-30% uketshezi masonto onke. Njengoba ama-apistograms ezwelana kakhulu ne-chlorine ekhona emanzini, ngaphambi kokuthulula ingxenye entsha ku-aquarium, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyivikela.
Ukuba nezindawo zokukhosela kanye nezindawo ezihlala abantu emanzini, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi inani labo okungenani lidlula inani labesifazane. Kwi-aquarium eyodwa ayenqatshelwe ukuqukatha izinhlobo eziningana zama-apistogram.
Imithetho yokondla
I-apistogram iyakuthanda ukudla futhi idle ngentokozo konke ukudla okuseduze. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulawula usayizi wokulethwa kwawo, ngoba ukudla ngokweqile kuholela ezinkingeni ngepheshana lesisu, eliba yizifo ezinkulu. Yondla izinhlanzi kabili ngosuku ngezinxenye ezilinganayo zenani elincane. I-apistogram ithathwa njengento emnandi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ikhambi elingcono kakhulu kungaba ukumnikeza inhlanganisela yokuphakelwa okuhlukile. Izithako zezitshalo kufanele zibe khona ekudleni kwezilwane ezifuywayo, ngokwesibonelo, i-algae enempilo, inyama egayiwe eyenziwe ekudleni kwasolwandle, izinambuzane ezifriziwe kanye namagciwane, kanye ne-tubule ephilayo kanye nemikhaza yegazi.
Izingcezu ezinkulu kufanele ziqale zichotshozwe, futhi ukudla okubukhoma kufanele kucutshungulwe ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, akwenqatshelwe ukusebenzisa amafomu enziwe ngomumo ngendlela yokuthi afaka wonke amavithamini kanye namaminerali adingekayo. Ezinye zazo zenzelwe ukukhanya umbala futhi zikhulise umsebenzi wesidalwa. Uma uhlanganisa kahle ukudliwa kwe-apistogram, kulula ukubhekisa ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwayo - ezinyangeni ezi-6 ubukhulu bayo buzokwanda kaningana.
Ukwehluka kobulili nokuzala
Ukuzala ama-apistogram ekhaya kubonakala njengenqubo ethokozisayo. Kwezinye izinhlobo, kumiswa amabhangqwana agcwele, angenziwa kuphela ekuzaleni, kodwa nasekuhlinzekweni okuhlangene kwenzalo. Kubhekwa njengokulungile lapho ukukhula komndeni kwenzeka ngaphandle kokungenelela kwabanikazi, okusho ukuthi ekuqaleni kufanelekile ukuthola umhlambi wezinhlanzi. Isikhathi sokuhluma senzeka kusuka ngoMashi kuya ku-Okthoba. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda angaba ngu-150, yona idinga indawo eyisicaba.
Izinga lokushisa ku-aquarium ngalesi sikhathi kunconywa ukuthi lenyuke lifike ezingeni lokushisa lama-25-28 degrees, futhi kubuye kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinga le-acidity lisesigabeni lisuka ku-6.5 liye ku-6.8.
Ukuthuthukiswa kukaFry akukude kakhulu - ukuze amaqanda aguquke abe yinhlanzi egcwele ngokuphelele, kuzothatha amasonto ambalwa. Okokuqala, i-fry feed kokuqukethwe ku-yolk sacs, khona-ke bayodinga ama-microworms, i-artemia echotshoziwe, noma ukudla okukhethwe ngokukhethekile. Owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi unakekela izizukulwane ezizayo. Ngenkathi izinhlanzi zithuthuka, izimo ezinhle e-aquarium kufanele zigcinwe futhi noma yiziphi izimo ezicindezelayo kufanele zigwenywe.
Izinkinga ezingaba khona
Ama-apystogram uqobo anempilo eqhubekayo, ngakho-ke zonke izinkinga nazo ziwumphumela wokunakekelwa okungafanele noma ukungahambisani nemibandela yokuboshwa. Lokhu, noma kunjalo, kumayelana nezinhlobo zemvelo, ngoba labo abahlala kumuntu wemvelo babuthakathaka kakhulu futhi basabela kabi ekushintsheni kwanoma yiziphi izinkomba zamanzi: izinga lokushisa, ubulukhuni, ukwakheka noma ibhalansi ye-acid-base.
Izinkinga ngepheshana lesisu zenzeka noma ngenxa yobudlova bama-apistil, noma ngenxa yokudla okubukhoma okungalungisiwe.
Kaningi, ama-apistogram agula nge-hexamitosis ebangelwa yisifo esithile. Kulula ukunquma lesi sifo ngokwenqaba ukudla isilwane, umbala omnyama kanye noshintsho olubonakalayo esimweni sesisu. Inhlanzi egulayo kuzodingeka ihlukaniswe. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elikulo kufanele likhuphuke kancane lifinyelele kuma-34-35 degrees, futhi amanzi kufanele anezelwe nge-furazolidone.