Lezi zingxenye zabantu abavela eCosta Rica nabasuka eningizimu yeBrazil. Lesi sici sabantu abahlangene ekuqaleni naso sidlale indima enkulu enqubweni ende yokuchaza uhlobo, ngoba imvamisa imininingwane yezingcezu yayihlukahluka ngokunembile ngenxa yalokho. Ukuthi wonke umuntu wachaza ama-subspecies ahlukene, kepha babefuna ukubeka yonke into kwisilwane esisodwa.
Ngo-2017, ngokusho kwemiphumela yocwaningo, kwavunywa amaqembu amathathu amakati we-oncil, elinye lawo lamukelwa njengohlobo oluzimele - ikati lezinkukhu. Noma kunjalo, kunzima kumuntu olwelwelayo ukwamukela lokhu kuhlukaniswa, ngoba ukuhlukaniswa kususelwa ekusetshenzisweni nasekuhlobeni kwesibalo ezikhunjeni.
Ukubukeka
Yize i-oncilla ibizwa ngokuthi ikati lekati, ibukeka njengejaguar encane kakhulu noma i-cub yayo. Ngokuphathelene nosayizi wekati elijwayelekile lasekhaya, lolu hlobo lekati yasendle likhulu kancane, kepha kaningi licishe lifane.
Abesifazane bacishe babe yingxenye yobukhulu besilisa, ngakho-ke, uma sikhuluma ngosayizi, ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele sicabangele umkhawulo ophansi njengobukhulu besifazane, futhi umbundu ongenhla njengosayizi wesilisa. Ngakho-ke umzimba we-oncilla wabantu abadala ungamasentimitha angama-38-65, kanti nomsila ngu 2/3 wobude bomzimba. Isisindo sowesilisa kwesinye isikhathi asidluli amakhilogremu amathathu, kuthi insikazi 2.
Ngokwakheka kwamathambo nemisipha, ikati lakhiwa, njengazo zonke izinhlobo zasendle, ngokuvumelanayo, inekhanda elincane eligcotshisiwe nomzungulo ophakeme. Izindlebe ezingenawo ama-tassels, ezinezinwele ezimhlophe ezingenalutho ngaphakathi noboya obumnyama obumnyama odongeni lwasemuva. Amehlo aqhasha kancane, u-iris ophuzi onsundu. Ikhala limnandi ngombala wepayipi omnyama. Ifaka amadevu asondele kakhulu ekhaleni.
Amawashi amancanyana, amade, futhi amabhulukwe angacasha futhi akhulule izigqoko kulo lonke ubude bawo.
KUBALULEKILE: inani labantu abasebenza ngama-mini-jaguars livikelwe yiNcwadi Ebomvu njengezinhlobo ezisengozini. Lokhu kungenxa yokwehliswa kwendawo yemvelo yabantu.
Uboya bukhulu kakhulu futhi buthambile, imivimbo yakhiwa ngama-rosette amnyama ngemuva nasemaceleni. Isendlalelo esiyinhloko singaba nsundu kuzo zonke izithunzi, i-ocher, isihlabathi ngisho nangempunga. I-Oncilla inesisu esimhlophe kuphela, isifuba kanye nohlangothi lwangaphakathi lwethanga; akukho ziqaqa ezimnyama lapho. Umsila wembala izindandatho zamabala nemigqa.
Iphalethi elinemibala yaleyikati yasendle ihlose ukufihla amahlamvu amnyama nemidlalo yokukhanya kwelanga phakathi kwamaqabunga.
OKUFANELE UKUTHOLA: phakathi kwamakati asezilwaneni zasendle, cishe i-15% yabantu ihlala imnyama. Le nto idalwa yi-melanism futhi ibonakala njengabahlanza abaningi bemicu yasendle.
Imikhuba nempilo yasendle
Encane, kepha ikude, futhi isobuqili obukhulu nokuqamba okuyiqiniso ngokufihla - konke lokhu kumayelana no-Oncilla omncane, owathi, ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zimfanelo, wakwazi ukucasha kumuntu isikhathi eside kangaka. Kodwa i-onsilla yabantu abadala ayiphuthumi ukuxhumana nabantu abazihlobo. Oxhumana nabo abasebenzayo kwenzeka kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Ikati lekati lenza wonke umsebenzi walo ebusuku, ukuvuka phakathi kwemini akuvamile kakhulu futhi kuhlala kubangelwa ukucasuka okukhulu endaweni. I-Oncilla isebenzisa i-90% yesikhathi sayo emagatsheni ezihlahla, lapho ikhono layo lokufihla likwenza lingabonakali kubaningi bezilwane ikakhulukazi kubantu.
Indawo yokuhlala kowesifazane osekhulile icishe ibe amakhilomitha ayi-2,5, kepha owesilisa uthatha amakhilomitha skwele ayi-17. Amabanga abesilisa nabesifazane angaxhumana, kepha angahlukani. Owesilisa nowesifazane bachitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphambi nje kokuganana. Isikhathi sokuthandana nokuhlala ngokuhlangene emakati alezinhlobo lumnene kakhulu futhi kuthinta inhliziyo. Imvamisa le nkathi ihlala izinsuku ezingama-3-9, emva kwalokho abalingani bahlakazeka babuyela ezindaweni zabo.
KUBALULEKILE: ekuthunjweni, e-oncilla, noma ngabe benza ngababili, ungabe usazalanisa nezinye izizwe, ngenkathi emadodeni nasezintokazi zasendle ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa akathandi ukuxhumana nhlobo.
Ekuzingeleni, i-Oncilla ayinandaba ukuthi inyamazane ikuphi. Le ntambo enemigqa igibela izihlahla namagatsha kangcono kunanoma iyiphi inkawu, nayo ibhukuda futhi ihamba kahle, futhi isimo sokuzethemba nesesabekayo ngeke sinikeze ithuba lokuphunyuka. Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi i-oncilla igijimela ehlathini kukho konke okumnandi. Ungahlala emqamekweni isikhathi esanele sokuhlasela ngesikhathi lapho isisulu singamboni nhlobo futhi singamuzwa egxuma.
I-oncilla yasendle ayilokothi igcine inyamazane emagatsheni, njengoba yenza, ngokwesibonelo, izingwe. Ubamba angakudlani ngasikhathi bese azingela lesi sizathu njalo ebusuku. Okumnandi kakhulu ikati lekati: amagundane namagundane, ama-gophers, izinyoni, amasele, inhlanzi, izibankwakazi, ama-macaque nezinyoka. Iqiniso elithokozisayo ukuthi i-oncilla ayigcini nje ngokudla isidumbu senyoni, ihlanze izimpaphe, futhi ingakujabulela nokuqukethwe isidleke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Lapho esehlathini "ukwehluleka kwezitshalo" kwezidalwa eziphilayo, i-oncilla ayinangqondo nokudla izimbungulu ezinkulu nezibungu.
Izimo zokuthunjwa
Ikati le-Oncilla isilwane sasendle, kepha esisilokotho ngempumelelo. Ilukuluku elinjalo alikwazi ukuhlala efulethini, yiqiniso, kepha i-oncilla ingagcinwa ngempumelelo endlini enkulu. Uhlobo lwesilwane alusoze lwaba "ushukela", kepha ukuthatha imikhuba yasendle futhi unikeze insimu nokunakekelwa okwanele, ungagcina ikati lekati endlini.
OKUFAKELAYO: I-oncilla isilwane esingajwayelekile kakhulu sama-zoo, ama-zoos kuphela eCzech Republic, eFrance naseNgilandi angaqhosha ngesilwane esinjalo.
Indawo ekahle yokugcina i-oncilla isendlini indawo ebiyelwe enkulu, lapho kufanele kube khona zonke izinhlobo zokukhuphuka ngezitebhisi, isihlahla esinomqhele obanzi, izindlu namashalofu.
Ngokuqondene nokuphakelwa, khona-ke ikati elingasendle lingadliwa kuphela nenyama ye-veal eluhlaza, kodwa kungcono ukuthenga amagundane amancane akhethekile, amagundane, onogwaja namantshontsho. I- "Prey" yethulwa endaweni ebiyelwe kanye ngosuku, mhlawumbe kusihlwa, ukuze ubone imikhuba yemvelo.
Isici esiyingqayizivele salezinhlobo ukuthi kuze kufinyelele unyaka i-oncilla kumane kuyindidane, ikati lidlala futhi lihlala nomnikazi njengenkathi ejwayelekile, kodwa lapho nje inqubo yokuthomba isiqediwe, imikhuba yasendle ibuya bese ikati elinjalo lingaphila kuphela endizeni. Ezimweni zokudla okufanele nokugcinwa okunethezekile ekudingisweni, i-oncilla imvamisa ihlala iminyaka engama-20.
Thenga ikhithi
Uma ungumhlali waseRussia futhi ucabanga ngokuthola ikati le-tiger, bese ucabanga futhi, ngoba lolu hlobo aluthathwa njengokuzalela futhi aluvunyelwe ukulungiswa kwasekhaya kwamahhala.
Ubunzima besibili - izithombo ezikhethekile zokukhulisa oncilli ezifuywayo zise-United States kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ungathenga i-oncilla ngeqoqo lonke lemibhalo futhi ungenise ngokusemthethweni ezweni lethu kuphela lapho.
Izindleko ze-oncilla azixhomekile, ngokwemvelo, kunoma yiziphi izimfanelo zokubukisa kanye nezimpawu zangaphandle. Imvamisa i-kennel ibuza kusuka ku- $ 5,000 ngeyunithi yekati ngalinye.
I-Ontsilla: izici ezimfushane zohlobo
I-Oncilla, noma ikati le-tiger (uLeopardus Tigrinus) isilwane esincane esidla umhlanganiso eSouth America. Kwavulwa ngabo-1777. Kungokukalelo lwangaphansi kwamakati amancane, uhlobo lwamakati aseNingizimu Melika. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezakhi zofuzo kubhekisa ku-Ocelot Line.
I-Oncilla yaziwa njengezinhlobo ezisengozini futhi ifakiwe kwi-CITES Trade Convention. Ngeshwa, lolu hlobo lekati aluvikelekile kuyo yonke indawo yalo yokuhlala - ngokwesibonelo, e-Ecuador, eBolivia, eParaguay, ukuzingela amakati we-tiger akuvunyelwe.
I-Oncilla - ikati elincane lokuzalwa eMelika Melika
Izici zangaphandle
Igama "oncilla" lingahunyushwa ngokuthi "jaguar omncane." Ngempela, ikati lesikhumba selikhumbuza ihlathi, kodwa lilincane. Kubukeka kanjena:
- isisindo se-oncilla singeqi ku-1,2-2 kg kwezinsikazi kanye no-1.5-2 kg kwabesilisa,
- ubude bomzimba we-oncilla bungama-80 cm kwabesilisa nabangu-75 kwabesifazane,
- ubude bomsila kubantu besifazane bufika ku-27 cm, naku abesilisa - 31 cm,
- inhloko incane, inesihlakala eside. Umumo wedigital,
- amaphilisi we-vibrissa akhulu impela. Amadevu amade futhi awugqinsi. Ikhala likhulu, linobumba obuxakile, opinki omnyama ngombala. I-Stop (ekhaleni lekhala) icishe ingabukeki, ikhala uqobo liqondile noma ligobile kancane,
- izindlebe ze-oncilla zikhulu, zinezeluleko eziyindilinga. Isisekelo sazo simboza ingemuva lekhanda njengesitsha. Indawo yangaphandle yendlebe imnyama, inebala elimhlophe okweqanda,
- Amehlo amakhulu kakhulu aphuzi noma aluhlaza okotshani, asethelwe obanele. Eduze kwamehlo - "izibuko" ezimhlophe,
- imilenze yangemuva inamandla amakhulu futhi yinde kunangaphambili, ihunyushwe ngokugxuma nokugibela izihlahla,
- izinyawo ziyindilinga futhi zincane, ngeminwe emifushane nezinzipho ezinde ezibuyekayo,
- ingemuva iqonde futhi ivumelana nezimo, ngamakhwela ahlukanisiwe ehlombe,
- ijazi le-oncilla alilide, kodwa likhulu, linangaphansi okubonakalayo. Uthambile ekuthinteni. Khubaza umzimba
- umbala - isihlabathi, kwesinye isikhathi esinombala oconsayo,
- Iphethini ebusheni iyinhlanganisela engaqondakali yamabala nama-rosette. Kunemivimbo emifushane ku-muzzle, esifubeni nasehlombe. Esiswini nasemilenzeni, amabala nawo akhona.
Amehlo e-Oncilla angaba nsundu, aphuzi aphuzi aluhlaza
Phakathi kwama-oncils, ama-melanists nawo abhalisiwe - abantu abamnyama ngokuphelele. Zivelakancane kakhulu futhi azenzi ngaphezu kwekhulu labantu bonke.
Habitat kanye nenani labantu
Iningi lama-oncillas ahlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNingizimu Melika. Izici zezindawo abahlala kuzo zingokulandelayo:
- ama-oncils angaphila endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-350 kuya kwangama-3200 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle,
- khetha izindawo ezinamahlathi acwebezelayo noma ihlathi elingamamitha ayi-1,500 ngaphezu kolwandle,
- ngaphezu kwe-1500 m bahlala ezintabeni nasezihlathini zemvula ezishisayo,
- Ama-Oncylls futhi atholakala emahlathini acijile endaweni ephakeme cishe ngama-350 kuya ku-1500 m,
- eBrazil, i-oncilli nayo itholakala ezindaweni eziyomile - izihlahlana ezinameva nezinezihlahla ezisolwandle ezinotshani.
I-Oncilla Habitat - ENingizimu Melika Melika
Amazwe okuhlala kuwo ama-Ontsill:
Inani le-oncillus lincane - kuphela ngamakati abantu abadala ababalelwa ku-50 000. Ngeshwa, namuhla isibalo sabo siyancipha ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi, ukuzingela nokukhula kwamahlathi (ngenxa yalokho - ukubukeka kwabantu) ezindaweni abahlala kuzo.
I-Oncilla luhlobo olunezindawo ezintathu ezingaphansi
Uhlobo lunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezilandelwayo. Ukwahluka kwabo kukhawulelwe yizici ezingenasici zephethini koboya nasendaweni yokuhlala:
- Leopardus tigrinus tigrinus - empumalanga yeVenezuela, iGuyana, enyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil,
- I-Leopardus tigrinus oncilla - eMelika Ephakathi,
- I-Leopardus tigrinus pardinoides - ingxenye esentshonalanga yeVenezuela, iColombia, i-Ecuador, nePeru.
I-Leopardus tigrinus guttulus - phambilini ibithathwa njengezinkampani ezincanyana, kepha muva nje ibekelwe inhlobo ehlukile - i-oncilla yaseningizimu. Ubunzima obuvela kogibeli basenyakatho ngezinwele ezinde nesinqamu esifushane. Indlela yabo yokuphila iyefana. Ukuhlukaniswa kwalokhu okubhaliwe kuyinhlobo yezinhlobo zezilwane kwenzeka ngoba i-oncilli eseningizimu nasenyakatho ayikaze iwele.
Umlingiswa Wemvelo yasendle kanye nokuziphatha
I-Oncilla ikati elincane. Emvelweni, inezitha ezanele (amakati amakhulu, abantu, izinyoni ezinkulu zezinyamazane). Ngakho-ke, umkhuba wayo oyinhloko wokuziphatha imfihlo. Kodwa-ke, amacala avame ukuqoshwa lapho i-Oncils ihlasela abamele abakhulu be-feline futhi iphuma empini njengophumelele.
Ezinye izici zokuziphatha:
- i-oncilla esebenzayo kakhulu kusihlwa - ekuseni kakhulu nasekuseni kakhulu,
- i-oncilla - isilwane esisodwa, esixhumana nabantu abamele izinhlobo zayo ngesikhathi sokuzala noma emzabalazweni wensimu,
- ikati ihlosi lichitha isikhathi esiningi ezihlahleni - lapho liyaphumula, lizingela futhi lidle ukudla. Kepha kungazingela emhlabeni,
- I-Oncilli yabo bobabili ubulili ivikela indawo yabo ngenkani. Emzabalazweni wayo, abesilisa balolu hlobo abalondli ngisho nabesifazane futhi bangabahlasela kalula futhi bababulale. Okuhlukile kungowesifazane ngesikhathi sokuzala,
- i-oncilla ayesabi amanzi futhi, uma kunesidingo, ingabhukuda,
- Ama-Oncil azingela ekuqasheni. Izinyamazane zabo ziyizimfanelo ezincane, ezihuquzelayo, izinduku ezincane nezinyoni.
Ama-oncillas achitha isikhathi esiningi ezihlahleni
Isikhathi sokufuya amakati amahlosi nguDisemba-Januwari. Ngokusho kokunye ukubonwa ekudingisweni, izazi zezilwane sezithole ukuthi ama-oncilli akhetha ukuganana nomlingani oyedwa. Abesilisa bafika esikhathini sokuthomba ngeminyaka emi-2, izinsikazi zinezinyanga eziyi-15-18. I-estrus yabesifazane ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezi-3-9. Sonke lesi sikhathi abalingani bachitha ngaso sonke isikhathi, njengomthetho, endaweni yabesifazane. Ngemuva kwalokho owesilisa uyashiya futhi angabambi iqhaza ekukhuliseni inzalo.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-74 kuye kwezingama-76. Kunezikhathi ezingaphezulu kuka kittens ezingaphezu kuka 2-3 kwilitha. Isisindo sezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa cishe singama-50-115 g. Ama-kittens azalwa eyimpumputhe, aqala ukubona ngesonto lesithathu. Umama usuthisa ubisi lwamakhetisi izinyanga ezi-3, bese uqala ukubanikeza inyama. AmaKittens ahlala nonina izinyanga ezingaba ngu-6-7, kuthi ezinyangeni eziyi-11 akhule ngokuphelele.
Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, ama-oncillas anokuthula okuningi kakhulu komunye nomunye.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwe-oncilla endle sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-14, ekudingisweni - iminyaka engu-18 kuya kwengu-20.
Amazinyo ama-oncils aqala ukukhula cishe ngezinsuku eziyi-19-21, kamuva okungafani nokwamanye amakati. Kepha bonke basike ngasikhathi sinye amahora angama-3-4.
Impilo ekudingisweni
I-Oncilla yaziwa njengekati elinolaka, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukuyigcina efulethini noma endlini. Ilungele ukubiyela kuphela. Uma umuntu ebelondla ikithi kusukela eneminyaka engama-2-3, i-oncilla ingayisebenzisa futhi ayikhombisi ulaka.
Lapho ugcina i-oncilla endaweni ebiyelwe, kuyadingeka ukudala izimo eziseduze nemvelo. Indawo ebiyelwe kufanele okungenani ibe yi-100 m 2 endaweni futhi okungenani ibe ngu-3-4 m ukuphakama. Ikati kufanele libe nesikhala esanele sokugijima, ukweqa nokukhuphuka. Udinga nokuhlomisa izindawo eziseceleni lapho angacasha khona, nepuli encane yokubhukuda. Ikati elithanda ukushisa lizodinga ne-aviary yasebusika enezimo ezifanayo.
Ama-Oncillas athanjiswa ubunzima, ngakho-ke awakwazi ukugcinwa endlini
Ungathenga i-oncilla kitten phesheya, ezindaweni ezikhethekile zasekati zasendle. Intengo iqala kusuka ku- $ 2000. Lapho uthenga, kufanele ucele umfuyi wezimpahla ngawo wonke amaphepha adingekayo emhlanganweni weCITES.
Ukunakekelwa kwezilwane
Ekudingisweni, i-oncilla ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile - ayidingi ukugezwa, ngoba ngokuzimela inakekela ijazi layo loboya. Uma ikati limthemba umuntu, lingakhishwa amahlandla ama-2 ngenyanga. Kungenzeka ukondla i-oncilla kuphela ngenyama eluhlaza enamafutha - izinkukhu, inyama yomvundla, njll. Kuyadingeka ukugcina ukubiyelwa kwekati kuhlanzeke ngokuphelele. Impilo enempilo ye-oncilla ingashukumisa isimo sezulu esingajwayelekile, ngakho-ke udinga ukuyihlola njalo. Udinga ukunikeza yonke imigomo enikezwa amakati asekhaya.
Ukunakekela i-oncilla akudingi imizamo efana nokunakekela amakati asekhaya
Naphezu kosayizi wayo omncane, i-oncilla iyisidlakela esiyingozi futhi esinolaka. Ikhetha ukucasha, kepha uma isengozini, izivikela ngesihluku nangokwesabayo. Ngeshwa, ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuvikelwa okufanele, awekho amakati amaningi amahle asele endle. Ngakho-ke, mhlawumbe, maduze nje sizokwazi ukubabona kuphela kuma-zoo nasezindlini eziyimfihlo.