IZIMBALI - uhlobo lwezilwane ezincelisayo ze-rodent oda. Ubude bomzimba bufika kuma-27 cm, umsila kufika ku-7 cm. Izinhlobo ezi-5, e-Asia, eRussia izinhlobo ezi-3, ukusuka ku-Zap. ISiberia eya ePrimorye. Bahola indlela yokuphila engaphansi komhlaba. Imisele ebekiwe ifinyelela kubude obungamamitha angama-40 nobubanzi obuyi-1 1.5 m ... I-Large Encyclopedic Dictionary
IZIMBALI - (Myospalax), uhlobo lwe-hamsters. Okuwukuphela kokukodwa. subfamily. Kwesinye isikhathi cabanga ngomndeni kaC. Indlela yokuphila engaphansi komhlaba, bamba ngosizo lwezikhwepha ezinamandla zezandulelo. Amehlo mancane kakhulu, angaphandle. izindlebe azikho. KULUNGILE. Izinhlobo eziyi-7, e-Asia, e-USSR izinhlobo ezi-3 ... I-Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary
zakors - uhlobo lwezilwane ezincelisayo ze-rodent oda. Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-27 cm, buqhamuke emsileni kufika ku-7 cm. Izinhlobo ezi-5, e-Asia, eRussia izinhlobo ezi-3, ukusuka eSiberia eNtshonalanga kuya ePrimorye Baqala indlela yokuphila engaphansi komhlaba, imisele ebunzima ukufika kuyo ifinyelela kubude obuyi-40 m kanye nokujula kwe-1 1.5 m. * * * IZIKHALA ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary
zakors - cokorai statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas gentis apibrėžtis Gentyje 5 izindikimba. AmaPaplitimo arealas - uCentr. ir R. Azijos stepės ir miškastepės. atitikmenys: okuningi. I-Myospalax angl. Amagundane emvukuzane, amagundane, imvukuzane ene-rodent, ama-zokor vok. ... Žinduolių pavadinimų žodynas
Ama-Zocors - (Myospalax) luhlobo lamagundwane we-hamster subfamily. Ubude bomzimba 15 27 cm, umsila 3 cm 7. Indlebe yangaphandle ayikho, amehlo mancane kakhulu. Amacaba asemaphethelweni ayandisiwe, avumelaniswa nokumba. Imibala monophonic, brownish kanye ashen ... Big Soviet Encyclopedia
IZIMBALI - Uhlobo lwezilwane ezincelisayo neg. izinduku. Ngoba imizimba efinyelela ku-27 cm, umsila kufika ku-7 cm .. Izinhlobo ezi-5, e-Asia, eRussia izinhlobo ezi-3, ezivela ku-Zap. ISiberia eya ePrimorye. Bahola indlela yokuphila engaphansi komhlaba, izimbobo ezinzima zokwakha zifinyelela kubude obungamamitha angama-40 nobubanzi obuyi-1 1.5 m ... Isayensi yemvelo. Isichazamazwi se-encyclopedic
zakors - Q okory, s, amayunithi h. kulungile, futhi ... Isichazamazwi SesiRussia
Ama-Zocors - (Myospalax) uhlobo lwamagundane kusuka emndenini we-murine. Zitholakala e-Asia, zihola indlela yokuphila engaphansi komhlaba. Bemba imidwebo eyinkimbinkimbi evundlile, ebhalwe ngaphezulu ngenqwaba yomhlaba, kanye nezimbobo ezijulile. Akuvamile ukuba zize ebusweni. Bondla ngaphansi komhlaba ... ... Isichazamazwi Esichazayo kwisayensi yomhlaba
Clan Zokora - 10/11/16. I-Zocora genus Myospalax Rodents ivumelana nezimo zangaphansi komhlaba, enezici ezithile zendlela yokuphila nendlela umzimba owakhiwe ngayo. Ubude bomzimba bungama-20 26 cm, umsila ongu-5 6 cm. Umzimba mncane, ucwebile, umsipha, sengathi awunentamo. Amehlo kakhulu ... ... Izilwane zaseRussia. Isiqondisi
I-Subfamily Socoridae (Myospalacinae) - Ku-subfamily, kukhona uhlobo olulodwa lwe-polytypic lwe-wamba (i-Myospalax myospalax), oluqhekeka lube yizixhaso eziningi ezihlukaniswe kahle ngemibala nemininingwane yokwakheka. Imvamisa, lezi zokugcina zibhekwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukile. AmaZocors ... ... I-Biological Encyclopedia
05.02.2018
I-Altai Zokor (lat.Myosplax myosplax) iyi-rod ephakathi nendawo emndenini wama-Mole-amagundane (Splalacidae). Ngaphandle, kufana nama-moles amakhulu noma ama-shrews futhi ivumelaniswa nendlela yokuphila engaphansi komhlaba. Lesi silwane siyasebenza unyaka wonke futhi endaweni yaso sivame ukubhekwa njengesilwane esidala ukulima.
Ukubhebhetheka
Loluhlobo luvame eCentral Asia kusuka ezifundeni ezisempumalanga zeKazakhstan eningizimu yeSiberia eseNtshonalanga. Ivame ukutholakala emathafeni aseSiberia, ezintabeni nasezintabeni eziphansi ze-Altai ezindaweni eziphakeme aze afike ku-2750 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Kunabantu abahlukene empumalanga yeMongolia naseManchuria.
Ama-Zocors akhetha ukuhlala eziqongweni zezihlahla ezinezihlahla, okuvame kakhulu endaweni enamahlathi, emasimini nasezweni elinywe. Zigwema izindawo ezinomhlabathi omanzi kakhulu noma owomile nenhlabathi enamadwala.
Indawo yokuhlala ihlukene futhi ihlala incipha. Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lamashumi amabili, ama-Altai Zokors ayethathwa njengento yokuhweba ngoboya futhi achithwa ngamanani amakhulu.
Isikhundla esihlelekile
Ngokwesiko, uhlobo lwe-zakors lwafakwa emndenini weKhomyakov, ngaphakathi lapho lwakha khona i-monotypic subfamily Ama-Zocorins (I-Myospalacinae Lilljeborg, 1866). Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwezakhi zofuzo olwenziwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21 lukhombisa ukuthi lokhu kuzithoba kufanele kudluliselwe emndenini wakwaSlepyshev, ngaphakathi lapho okuyiqembu lodade laseRhizomyinae subfamily.
Ukutholwa kokuqala kwabameli bezinsalela zeqembu kungokwabakwaLate Miocene. Ngokunokwenzeka, ukwehluka kwemindeni engezansi kweMyospalacinae neRhizomyinae kufanele kubhalwe kuze kube sekupheleni noma maphakathi ne-Oligocene.
Ukuziphatha
Leli pipi lisebenzisa iningi lesikhathi salo ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngaphezulu, kubonakala ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela lapho ukucinga ukudla nalapho izingane zisuka kubazali bazo ziye endaweni entsha yokuhlala. Isilwane asiweli ekuweni hibernation. Ukondla kwenzeka ikakhulukazi kusihlwa nasekuseni.
Ubude bezakhiwo ezingaphansi komhlaba esisekelweni esisodwa bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-150. Ziqukethe amakamelo okuhlala amaningi nemhubhe eminingi enobubanzi obuyi-8-13 cm, etholakala ekujuleni kwama-30 cm.
Imigudu isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukudla. Amagumbi okugcina kanye nezindlu zangasese zitholakala ku-15-25 cm ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba.
Indawo yokuhlala engaphansi komhlaba inezingqimba eziningana. Abaphansi kunabo bonke baphakathi kwe-50-110 cm (ubukhulu be-300 cm), ngokuya ngezimo zezulu. Imisele inezidleke ezingapheli nezesikhashana. Isidleke saphakade sihlala sisodwa kuphela futhi sisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ebusika. Itholakala eduze komnyango omkhulu futhi ifakwe ngotshani obuthambile namaqabunga omile ngaphakathi.
Wonke umhlaba omningi uphonswa phezulu ngendlela yama-molehill amakhulu, imvamisa etholakala ebangeni le-1-2 m ukusuka komunye nomunye. Esikhathini esingangehora, umbhuli onolwazi uyakwazi ukubeka umgodi ongafika kumamitha amathathu ubude.
U-Altai Zokor uphila inkambiso futhi unolaka kubantu bakubo. Okuhlukile kwenziwa kuphela kubantu bobulili obuhlukile ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Ukudla kufaka izimpande, ama-bulbs kanye nezingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo. Ekwindla, imenyu ihambisana nezilimo zokusanhlamvu.
Umuntu oyedwa omdala uyakwazi ukuvuna ama-8 kg okusanhlamvu nezinye izingcezwana ezidliwayo zezitshalo ebusika. Imvamisa amakhambi omile ahlala esitokisini. Ziyadliwa lapho kungenzeki ukuthola okunye ukudla. Ebusika obubandayo, iZokor, ifuna ukudla, idlula ngaphansi kweqhwa. Okokumba izimbobo, kusetshenziswa izindandatho zemisipha yemisipha.
Ukuzala
Ukuhlangana kwenzeka kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya ku-Ephreli. Owesifazane uletha kusuka kwelinye kuya kwamawundlu ayishumi kanye ngonyaka. Imvamisa kwilitha elilodwa kukhona izingane ezingama-3-6. Njengomthetho, zizalwa zinqunu futhi zingasizakali engxenyeni yesibili kaMashi.
NgoJuni noJulayi, baba ngabazimele impela kanti ezinyangeni ezi-3-4 ubudala baqala ukuzakhela izimbobo zabo. Ukuthomba kwenzeka eneminyaka eyi-8 izinyanga.
Izitha eziyinhloko zemvelo ama-steppe ferrets (uMustela eversmanni), solongoi (Mustela altaica), izimpungushe ezijwayelekile (Vulpes vulpes). Yizilwane ezincane kunazo zonke futhi ezingenalwazi kakhulu ezivame ukuba izisulu zezinyoni ezidla inyama.
Ukubukeka
Ama-Zocors ayizingqimba eziphakathi nendawo: ubude bomzimba wazo buyi-16-27 cm, ubude bomsila bufika ku-7 cm. Umzimba unesimo se-valky, akukho ukwehlukaniswa komlomo wesibeletho. Azinawo ama-auricles, amehlo ezinqu mancane kakhulu, futhi ekugcineni kwesizalo, kuqhamuke iqhwa lesikhumba elingenalutho. Izingalo zimfushane, izibambo zangaphambili zithwele izigqoko ezinde ezibukhali, izinyawo nezandla zingenalutho. Ijazi lincane futhi lifushane, lithambile kakhulu, umbala walo uyi-monophonic - lisuka ku-fawn-ocher liye ku-brownish brown (inhloko yangaphambili imhlophe).
Incazelo
Ubude bomzimba wabantu abadala buyi-16-27 cm, futhi ubude bomsila buyi-3-7 cm. Isisindo sisukela ku-150 kuya ku-600 g. Ifinyelela inani layo eliphezulu ekwindla. Uboya bumpunga, isisu sikhaphuke kunasemhlane.
Imvamisa kumbala kukhona amathoni ansundu-namnyama nokugqwala. Ezinye izinhlobo zinamabala amhlophe ekhanda nasesiswini (i-albino engxenye).
Kukhona i-hairline emhlophe emhlophe emsileni. Amehlo mancane, acishe ambozwe uboya futhi akabonakali kahle. Umzimba unesimo se-cylindrical, imilenze incane.
Emaphethelweni angaphambili kukhona izigqoko ezakhiwe kahle ezisetshenziselwa ukumba inhlabathi. Kakhulu izindwani ezinkulu kwiminwe yesithathu neyesine. Ubude bawo buyi-13-25 mm.
Ama-Auricles mancane. Isakhiwo sendlebe sivumelaniswa nombono wemisindo ephansi yemisindo ephansi komhlaba. Imvamisa efanele yokuzwa ingu-0.5-4 kHz, kanti umkhawulo ophezulu ngu-16 kHz.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwe-Altai Zocor endle cishe iminyaka emi-5.
Umsoco nendlela yokuphila
Zidla engxenyeni engaphansi komhlaba yezitshalo, ngaphambi kobusika, ziqongelela ama-rhizomes kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa (isisindo semithamo sifinyelela ku-8 kg). Cishe sonke isikhathi sabo sichithwa ngaphansi komhlaba, lapho kwakhiwa khona imigodi eyinkimbinkimbi, enamatshe amaningi, enobude obungamamitha angama-50-100: emabeleni aphezulu asemiseleni, ekudleni kwe-zoocores, kumahlosi aphansi ahlala kuwo. Ngokungafani namagundane angamagundane namagundane (eliqubule emhlabathini ngezinsimbi ezinamandla), lapho bemba izimbobo, amasokisi enza ngemilenze yangaphambili eshwabene.
UZokory nomuntu
Ama-Zocors angalimaza ingadi futhi ahlanganyele nokulima ngemisebenzi yawo yokumba. Ziyinto yesibili yokuhweba ngoboya.
Kuhlobo I-Myospalax kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-10 zezinhlobo ezingapheli nezanamuhla (ezinhlanu zazo zitholakala ezilwaneni zaseRussia). Lezi zinhlobo zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngama-subgenuses ama-4 (kwesinye isikhathi zibhekwa njengezizukulwane ezihlukile):
Izincwadi
- Isayensi Yezinto eziphilayo / Ch. ed. M.S. Gilyarov, Ibhodi Yokuhlela: A.A. Baev, G.G. Vinberg, G.A. Zavarzin, njll - M .: Sov. I-Encyclopedia, 1986. - S. 708. - Amakhophi angama-100,000.
- [zmmu.msu.ru/files/images/musei/publication/divers_mammals-2.pdf Ukuhlukahluka kwezilwane ezincelisayo. Ingxenye II] / O. L. Rossolimo, I. Ya. Pavlinov, S. V. Kruskop, A. A. Lisovsky, N. N. Spasskaya, A. V. Borisenko, A. A. Panyutina. - M: KMK Publishing House, 2004 .-- 218 k. - (Izinhlobo zezilwane). - I-ISBN 5-87317-098-3.
- [www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&printsec=frontcover&hl=en Izinhlobo ZikaMamhlaba Zomhlaba. Isikhombo seTaxonomic ne-Geographic (3rd ed.). Vol. 1] / Umhl. nguD. E. Wilson, D. M. Reeder. - IBaltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005 .-- xxxv + 743 k. - I-ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
I-Zocory ndima
Ehlola izindaba namaphepha omkakhe ongasekho, azange amkhumbule inkumbulo yakhe, ngaphandle kwesihawu ukuthi wayengayazi injabulo ayaziyo manje. INkosana uVasily, manje eseziqhenya ngokuthola indawo entsha nenkanyezi, yabonakala kuye njengendoda endala ethinta inhliziyo, enomusa futhi edabukisayo.
UPierre wayevame ukukhumbula lesi sikhathi sobuhlanya obujabulisayo. Zonke izahlulelo azenza ngokwakhe ngabantu nangezikhathi ngalesi sikhathi sesikhathi, zahlala kuye ziyiqiniso laphakade. Akagcinanga ngokugcina ngokulahla le mibono kubantu nakwizinto, kodwa, kunalokho, ekungabazeni kwangaphakathi nasekuphikisaneni waphinde wabheka kumbono wokuthi ngaleso sikhathi wayenobuhlanya, futhi lo mbono uhlala uqinisile.
“Mhlawumbe,” ecabanga, “bese ngibonakala ngiyinqaba futhi ngihlekisayo, kodwa-ke ngangingahlanyi ngendlela ebukeka ngayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, nganginobuhlakani futhi ngingena kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi kunanini ngaphambili, futhi ngangiqonda konke okufanele ukuqonda empilweni, ngoba ... ngangijabule. "
Ukuhlanya kukaPierre kwakuwukuthi akazange alinde, njengangaphambili, ngenxa yezizathu zomuntu, ayebiza izimfanelo zabantu ukuze azithande, futhi uthando lwalugxilisa inhliziyo yakhe, futhi, ngaphandle kwesizathu, ethanda abantu, wazithola izizathu ezingathandabuzekiyo zokufanele ukuthanda yabo.
Kusukela kusihlwa sokuqala lapho uNatasha, ngemuva kokusuka kukaPierre, ngokumamatheka ngenhliziyo ehlekisayo, utshele iPrincess Marya ukuthi yena, impela, kusukela endlini yokugeza, nejazi lefriji, futhi wakhungulwa, kusukela ngalowomzuzu kukhona okufihliwe futhi okungenakuqhathaniswa kodwa uvukile kuye Umphefumlo kaNatasha.
Konke: ubuso, ubutha, ukubuka, izwi - konke kwaguquka kungazelelwe kuye. Ungalindele ngokwakhe - amandla okuphila, amathemba entokozo afinyelela futhi wafuna ukwaneliseka. Kusukela ngobusuku bokuqala, uNatasha kwakubonakala sengathi akhohlwe yikho konke ayenaye. Kusukela lapho, akakaze akhononde ngesimo sakhe, akazange asho nelilodwa igama ngesikhathi esedlule futhi akazange esabe ukwenza amasu ahlekisayo ngekusasa. Ubekhuluma okuncane ngoPierre, kepha ngenkathi uPrincess Marya ekhuluma ngaye, kwavele kwagqekeka ukukhanya emehlweni akhe futhi izindebe zakhe zavele zamamatheka.
Ushintsho olwenzeka eNatasha ekuqaleni lwamangaza uPrincess Marya, kepha kwathi lapho ekuqonda ukubaluleka kwalo, lolu shintsho lwamhlupha. “Ngabe ubemthanda ngempela umfowabo omncane kangangokuba angamkhohlwa maduze,” uPrincess Marya wacabanga lapho ecabanga ngoshintsho yedwa. Kepha lapho enoNatasha, wayengenamhawu ngaye futhi akazange amthuke. Amandla empilo avukile abambe uNatasha ngokusobala ayenganqandeki, engalindeleki kuye ukuthi uPrincess Mary phambi kukaNatasha wazibona engenalo ilungelo lokumhlazisa ngisho nasemphefumulweni wakhe.
Ngokugcwala nokuqina okunjalo, uNatasha wazinikeza umuzwa omusha wokuthi akazange azame ukufihla ukuthi manje wayengadabukanga, kodwa ejabule futhi ejabule.
Lapho, ngemuva kwencazelo yasebusuku noPierre, uPrincess Marya ebuyela egumbini lakhe, uNatasha wahlangana naye embundwini.
- Uthe? Yebo? Uthe? Uyaphinda. Futhi ejabule futhi ngasikhathi sinye edabukisayo, ecela intethelelo injabulo yakhe, le nkulumo yahlala ebusweni bukaNatasha.
"Bengifuna ukulalela emnyango, kodwa bengazi ukuthi uzongitshela."
Akunandaba noma kuqondakala kangakanani, nokho ukuthinta uPrincess Marya kwakuwukubukeka uNatasha ambuka ngakho, noma ngabe wayexole kangakanani ukumbona injabulo yakhe, kodwa amazwi kaNatasha amcasule uPrincess Mary ngomzuzu wokuqala. Wayekhumbula umfowabo, uthando lwakhe.
“Kepha yini okufanele ngiyenze! ngeke akwenze okuhlukile, ”wacabanga uPrincess Marya, futhi ngobuso obudabukisayo futhi obuthile obufushane wadlulisela kuNatasha konke uPierre amtshele kona. Lapho ezwa ukuthi wayeya ePitoli, wamangala uNatasha.
- Kuya ePitoli? Waphinda futhi, kwaba sengathi akaqondi. Kepha, ebuka inkulumo edabukisayo ebusweni bukaPrincess Mary, uqagele isizathu sokudabuka kwakhe maqede wakhala izinyembezi. “UMarie,” kusho yena, “ngifundise ukuthi ngenzeni.” Ngiyasaba kubi. Uthini-ke ngizokwenzenjani, ngifundise ...
- Uyamthanda?
“Yebo,” kusho uNatasha.
- Ukhalelani? “Ngijabule ngawe,” kusho uPrincess Marya, esexolelwe injabulo ephelele kaNatasha kulezi zinyembezi.
- Ngeke kungekudala, ngolunye usuku. Ucabanga ukuthi kuzokujabulisa kanjani lapho ngizoba ngumkakhe, bese ushada noNicolas.
- Natasha, ngikubuzile ukuthi ungakhulumi ngakho. Sizokhuluma ngawe.
Bathula okomzuzwana.
"Kodwa kungani eya ePitoli!" - ngokuzumayo washo uNatasha, futhi washesha waziphendula wathi: - Cha, cha, kubalulekile lokhu ... Yebo, Marie? Ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ...
Sekudlule iminyaka eyisikhombisa emva konyaka we-12. Ulwandle lomlando olujabulisayo lwaseYurophu luye lwahlala osebeni lwalo. Bekuzwakala kuthulekile, kepha amandla angaqondakaliyo ahambisa ubuntu (okungaqondakali ngoba imithetho enquma ukunyakaza kwabo ayaziwa kithi) aqhubeke nokusebenza.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ingaphezulu lolwandle lomlando lwalubonakala lungashukumi, ubuntu bebushukuma ngokuqhubekayo njengokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kwahlanganiswa amaqembu ahlukahlukene wobumbano lwabantu, wabola, izizathu zokwakhiwa kanye nokubola kwezifundazwe, nokunyakaza kwabantu kwalungiswa.
Ulwandle olungokomlando, hhayi njengakuqala, lwaluqondiswa izimbotshana ukusuka kolunye ugodo kuya kolunye: lwalubilisa ekujuleni. Abantu bomlando, hhayi njengakuqala, babegagaza amagagasi besuka kolunye usizi baye kolunye, manje bekubonakala sengathi bayaphenduka endaweni eyodwa. Izibalo zomlando, ezazingaphezulu kwenhloko yamasosha, ezazikhombisa ukunyakaza kwezixuku ngemiyalo yezimpi, imikhankaso, izimpi, manje sekukhombisa ukunyakaza okusheshayo ngokucatshangelwa kwezepolitiki kanye nokuphathelene nohulumeni, imithetho, izivumelwano ...
Izazi-mlando zibiza lo msebenzi wabantu bomlando njengempendulo.
Ukuchaza okwenziwe yilezi zibalo zomlando, abathi ngokubona kwabo, yizo imbangela yalokho abakubiza njengokuphendula, izazi-mlando zikugxeka ngokuqinile. Bonke abantu abadumile bangaleso sikhathi, kusukela ku-Alexander noNapoleon ukuba bangithathele uStael, uPhotius, uSchelling, uFichte, uChateaubriand nabanye, baya phambi kwenkantolo yabo eqinile futhi babeke izaba noma basole, kuncike ekutheni baba negalelo yini entuthukweni noma ekusabeleni.
E-Russia, ngokwencazelo yabo, ukuzwakala kwenzeka futhi phakathi nalesi sikhathi, futhi imbangela enkulu yalokhu kusabela kwakungu-Alexander I - lona u-Alexander I, owathi, ngokwezincazelo zabo, wayengumbhali oyinhloko wenhloso enkululeko yokubusa kwakhe nokusindiswa kweRussia.
Ezincwadini zangempela zaseRussia, kusuka kumfundi wasesikoleni esiphakeme kuya kumlobi wezomlando ofundile, akekho umuntu ongeke alahle itshe lakhe ku-Alexander I ngezenzo zakhe ezingalungile ngalesi sikhathi sokubusa kwakhe.
“Kufanele ngabe wenze kanjalo. Kulokho, wenza kahle, ngendlela embi kangako. Uziphathe kahle kakhulu ekuqaleni kokubusa futhi ngonyaka we-12, kepha wenza okungafanele, wanikeza umthethosisekelo iPoland, wenza i-Holy Union, wanika amandla i-Arakcheev, ekhuthaza uGolitsyn kanye nemfihlakalo, wabe esekhuthaza uShishkov noPhotius."Wenza okungalungile, wenza uhlangothi lwempi, wenza okungafanele, njengoba esenze isikhulu seSemenovsky, njll."