I-Capybara (capybara) * Ama-vertebrates

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ICapybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) iyi-rodent enkulu yaseNingizimu Melika, okuwukuphela kwelungu lomndeni.

Izazi zemvelo zokuqala zaseYurophu ezivakashele eSouth America zibize i-capybara ngokuthi “ama-capybas” noma “izingulube ze-Orinok”. Elokuqala lala magama lidluliselwe egameni lesayensi lesimanje lomndeni wakwaHydrochoeridae. Ngokokukhuluma ngokuqinile, akuzona izingulube, futhi azimanzi kangako, futhi izihlobo zabo eziseduze kakhulu yiCaviidae.

Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-capybara? Incazelo nesithombe sesilwane

Namuhla, i-capybara inkulu kunazo zonke izinduku ezikhona: ubude bomzimba bungafinyelela ku-140 cm, nesisindo bufika kuma-66 kg.

Abanye abamele ama-capybaras aqothulayo ayemakhulu kaningana kunama-capybaras anamuhla futhi afinyelela usayizi we-grizzly!

I-capybara inomzimba omise umgqomo omkhulu, ikhanda elifiphele, isizungwana esicishe sibe sikwele. Akukho msila, futhi imilenze yangaphambili imfushane kunemilenze yangemuva. Amehlo amancane, izindlebe ezimfishane nezindilinga, amathumbu ahlukaniswe kabanzi atholakala phezulu kwekhanda: lapho isilwane sibhukuda, sinamathela ngaphandle kwamanzi. Iminwe yamacici axhumeke ulwelwesi oluncane ibenza babhukule ngokubabazekayo, bakwazi ukuhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu emi-5.

Ku-capybara esesithombeni esingezansi, iduna libonakala kalula ngendunduma ye-convex engaphambili kwesihlanganisi - indlala ye-sebaceous, equkethe iphunga lomuntu ngamunye wesilwane.

Isikhumba esiqinile sezilwane ezindala simbozwe ngezinwele ezinde ezinqabile ezifana nombala, umbala wazo ohlukahluka kusuka kokuswakeme nokubomvu. Ebantwini abasha, uboya bufushane futhi bukhulu, bunombala onsundu ngombala.

Amabhuzu amabili ama-incisors amakhulu, ajwayelekile ngamagundane, avumela izilwane ukucindezela utshani obufushane kakhulu, futhi bayigaya ngamazinyo e-buccal.

Izici zamandla

Ama-capybaras ayizilwane ezi-herbivorous. Bondla ikakhulu ngotshani obukhula emanzini noma eduze. Ngisho notshani obomile obufushane, obishiywe ekugcineni kwenkathi yemvula eyomile, buyadliwa.

Njengoba wazi, utshani bune-fiber eningi, engafinyeleleki ngama-enzyme wokugaya ukudla kwezilwane ezincelisayo. Ngakho-ke, senqubweni yokuvela kwama-capybaras, kuye kwakhiwa igumbi elikhethekile elinikeza ukudla ukudla. Ukuvutshelwa kwenzeka ku-cecum, ebizwa ngokuthi isithasiselo esintwini. Kodwa-ke, njengoba i-cecum itholakala phakathi kwamathumbu amancane namakhulu, izilwane azikwazi ukumunca yonke imikhiqizo yokufakelwa enziwa ngama-microbes wesiginali. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, baphendukela kuma-coprophagy (adla indle) ukuze bakwazi ukuzuza emsebenzini wezimpawu zabo. Ngakho-ke, njalo ekuseni ama-capybaras asebenzisa lokho akugaya izolo noma ebusuku.

Umnotho

Igama lesiRussia - ICapybara, noma i-capybara
Igama lesi Latin - IHydrochoerus hydrochaeris
Igama lesiNgisi - ICapybara
Isigaba - Izilwane ezincelisayo (iMammalia)
Ukuhlonza - Ama-Rodents (iRodentia)
Umndeni - Amanzi-isikulufa (Hydrochoeridae)

ICapybara isilwane esiyingqayizivele kakhulu, yiso kuphela izinhlobo ezisezinhlotsheni zohlobo futhi emkhayeni.

Buka futhi ndoda

Ukuthuthukiswa komuntu komhlaba wezidingo zezolimo, okuvame ukuholela ekuqothulweni kwezilwane zasendle, kusizakale ama-capybaras. Kukhiwa imisele yokunisela ukuze kwakhiwe amadlelo amasha futhi ikhule nezitshalo zezolimo - lokhu kunikeza i-capybara ukudla namanzi ngesikhathi sesomiso.
Njengamanje, ama-capybaras afakwa emapulazini akhethekile eVenezuela ukuthola isikhumba nenyama. Amafutha abo asetshenziswa kwezemithi.
AmaCapybaras ayindawo yokugcina yemvelo yeRocky Mountain Fever. Lesi sifo sidluliselwa kubantu ngemikhaza lapho ama-capybaras engena emadlelo ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi.

Ukuxhunyaniswa okusondelene kwalezi zilwane namanzi ngasikhathi sinye kwaholela ekutheni iSonto LamaKatolika libeka ama-capybaras njengezinhlanzi! Ngenxa yalesi sehlakalo, inyama ye-capybara yavunyelwa ukuba idle ngesikhathi sokuzila.

Muva nje, ama-capybaras ajwayele ukuba "yizilwane ezifuywayo." Banothando, bathambisa kalula futhi abaqeqeshiwe. Bathanda ukubeka amakhanda abo ethangeni lomnikazi noma “babuze” ukushaya isimumu. Kepha ukuze agcine i-capybara ekhaya, kuthatha indawo eningi lapho akwazi ukuhamba nokubhukuda, efulethini ledolobha ugcwele.

Ukubukeka

Ngaphandle, i-capybara ifana nengulube ye-Guinea, kuphela enkulu kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba walezi zilwane buyi-1 - 1.35 m, ukuphakama kokubuna kubude obungu-40-60 cm, kanti isisindo singama-34 - 65 kg. Umzimba usindayo. Ikhanda elikhulu liphela ngesigaxa esimfushane, ngamakhala anjengamanzi okuvalwa lapho utshona. Amehlo mancane, abekwe emuva. Izindlebe zincanyana, ziyindilinga. Indawo ephezulu yezindlebe namehlo ikuvumela ukuba uzigcine ngaphezu kwamanzi lapho ubhukuda. Imilenze imfishane, eneminwe emi-4 ebunzini kanye neminwe emi-3 emilenzeni yangemuva, iminwe ixhumeke ulwelwesi lokubhukuda bese luphela ngozipho amafushane kodwa anamandla. Umzimba umbozwe izinwele ezinde, ezacile nezinwele, ngaphandle kwe-undercoat. Umbala uyi-monophonic, ohlangothini olungaphezulu lomzimba futhi usuka ngezansi.

Nansi indlela uGerald Darrell ayichaza ngayo i-capybara: “Leli pipi elikhulu yisilwane esinamafutha esinomzimba omude, esimbozwe ngoboya obuluhlaza besikhumba ngombala onsundu. Imilenze yangaphambili ye-capybara yinde kunezinyawo ezingemuva, i-rump enkulu ayinawo umsila, ngakho-ke ihlala ibukeka sengathi izokuhlala phansi. Unezidladla ezinkulu ezineminwe ebanzi ye-webbed, nezikhuhla ezisebusweni bakhe, zimfishane futhi zimfushane, zisikhumbuza ngokumangazayo izingwegwe ezincanyana. Ubukeka emkhulu kakhulu: ikhanda lakhe eliyindilinga, elibanzi nelibuthuntu, icishe ibe yisikwele esinenkulumo emenza afane nebhubesi elihlokayo. Emhlabathini, i-capybara ihamba ngesigaxa esidlulayo noma ngomlomo ingene edwabeni, kuyilapho emanzini isintanta futhi ihamba ngokukhulu ukucabanga okumangalisayo nobulukhuni.

ICapybara ingumuntu ophilayo imifino enobuhle futhi engenazo izimfanelo ezinhle ezihlobene nezinye zezihlobo zakhe, kodwa lokhu kugcwaliseka kuye ngesimo sokuzola nobungane. ”

Impilo yomndeni

ICapybara ihlala emaqenjini ezilwane eziyi-10-15 ngokwesilinganiso. Lapho kunokudla okuningi, amaqembu angaba ngaphezulu - aze afike kubantu abangama-30. Amabili awavamile. Ezinye izinsizwa ezisencane zihlala zodwa noma zihlangana ngokukhululeka namaqembu amaningana.

Ngesikhathi esomile, amaqembu ahlangana azungeze amachibi owomisa, akha amaqembu esikhashana wezilwane eziyikhulu noma ngaphezulu. Lapho inkathi yemvula esele ilindelwe ende ibuya futhi, amaqembu amakhulu awela emindenini emincane ejwayelekile.

Umndeni ojwayelekile we-capybara uqukethe owesilisa ovelele (ungahlukaniswa ngesikhumba esikhulu samakhala), insikazi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, owesilisa noma abaningi abaphansi kanye nesizukulwane esincane. Phakathi kwabesilisa, isikhundla samakhosi siyasungulwa, sisekelwa ukusebenzisana okunolaka, kepha izinto ngokuvamile azihambi nje ngokujaha. Abesilisa abahamba phambili ngezikhathi ezithile bathumela abangaphansi kwethafa leqembu, kepha ukulwa akuvamile ukwenzeka. Abesifazane bathembekile komunye nomunye. Iqembu ngalinye linensimu yalo, evikela ngentshiseko ukuzivikela ekungeneni komakhelwane bayo. Umndeni ngamunye uhlanganisa isilinganiso samahektare ayi-10-20.

Imingcele yendawo ye-rodent ifakwe amalebula ngezindlala. I-capybara ngayinye inezinhlobo ezi-2 zemphunga. Enye yazo, ekhule kahle emadodeni, kodwa ecishe ingekho kubantu besifazane, itholakala ekugcineni kwesifumbu. Leli bulge elimnyama elingenamoya, elikhipha uketshezi olunamathela oluningi. Bobabili ubulili bukhipha nephunga elinamasheya amabili e-glandular atholakale nhlangothi zombili ze-anus.

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kokukhipha kuhluke kubantu abahlukile, okuvumela ama-capybaras ukuthi aqaphele elinye nelinye. Indlala yamakhala yomlomo idlala indima enkulu ekumeni isimo senhlalo, kanti i-anal gland ibaluleke kakhulu ekuboneni ubulungu besilwane eqenjini elithile, nasekuziphatheni kwendawo.

I-Voice Repertoire

AmaCapybaras akhipha amasiginali wezwi amaningana. Kwezilwane ezisencane, i-puraty purr ijwayelekile, esetshenziselwa ukugcina ukuxhumana komama noma amanye amalungu eqembu. Umsindo ofanayo nawo wenziwa ngabantu abadala abalahlekelwe ngxabano, mhlawumbe ukujabulisa izitha. Omunye umsindo, ofana nokukhonkotha okukhulu, wenziwa engozini, ngokwesibonelo, lapho kubonwa umhlaseli.

AmaCapybaras nomuntu

EColombia, inani lama-capybaras lehlile kangangokuba kusukela ngo-1980 uhulumeni wabavimbela ukuzingela.

EVenezuela, kuye kwaba nesidingo senyama ye-capybara kusukela okungenani ngekhulu le-XYI, lapho izindela zemishini yamaRoma Katolika beziphethe kanye namafudu asemanzini kukudla okungokomthetho okusemthethweni. Indlela yokuphila yasemanzini yalezi zilwane yadida izindela (banquma ukuthi ama-capybaras afana nezinhlanzi).

Ngo-1953 kuphela, ukuzingela kwabo kwaba yisihloko somthethonqubo nokulawulwa okusemthethweni, kodwa ngaphandle komphumela omkhulu. Ngo-1968, ngemuva kokuvalwa kweminyaka emihlanu, kwaqalwa uhlelo lokutadisha i-biology nokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo. Lokhu kwaholela ekuzinzeni kwesibalo sabantu. Manje i-capybara ibhalwe ku-IUCN njengohlobo olungenasengozini yokuqothulwa.

Ama-capybaras athengiswa kalula. Banothando, bayavumelana nezimo, banobungane. Emizaneni eminingi yamaMdabu aseMelika, bahlala njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Kodwa-ke, ezweni lethu, ukugcina isilwane esinjalo ekhaya kuyinkinga impela. Ifulethi lasedolobheni alifaneleki kuye: udinga isikhala, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ichibi, futhi likhulu impela: induku enkulu kufanele ikwazi ukubhukuda njalo futhi iwele.