Izinkawu ze-anthropoid * Omama

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Izinhlobo zezindlovu zifaka izinhlobo eziyishumi nanye ezivela emindenini emithathu: i-gibbon, i-pongid ne-hominid. Eminye imindeni inezinhlobo eyodwa kuphela. Ama-orangutan nama-gibbons amaningi asezingeni lokuqothulwa. Zonke izinhlobo zezinkawu zibhalwe ku-International Red Book.

Monkey Mvelo

Kungenzeka ukuthi abantu kanye nezinkawu zase-Afrika babenokhokho abajwayelekile. Izinkawu ezinkulu, njengendoda yakudala, ziyakwazi ukusebenzisa amathuluzi alula, isibonelo, amatshe nezinduku, ukuthola ukudla.

Izinkawu ezinkulu nezincane

Ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, abanye ososayensi bavame ukungafaki ama-gibbons eqenjini lezinyamazane. Namuhla, umndeni we-gibbon ufakiwe kwi-superfamily ye-anthropoids. Ama-Gibbons ahlala kuphela e-Asia kusuka esifundeni sase-Assam kuya e-Indochina. Kwezinye izinhlobo, abesilisa nabesifazane banemibala ehlukene. Ijazi labesilisa le-hulok gibbon, gibbon ye-monochromatic ne-Kloss gibbon inombala omnyama, ngenkathi izinsikazi zazo namawundlu embozwe ngumbala onsundu okhanyayo noma ompunga. Izinkawu ezinkulu e-Asia zimelelwa kuphela ama-orangutan, ohla lwawo lunqunyelwe emahlathini aseKalimantan naseSumatra. Iz chimpanzee, ama-chimpanzi e-pygmy nama-gorilla atholakala eNtshonalanga naseCentral Africa. Onke amakati amakhulu achitha ubusuku bawo ezidlekeni ezakhiwe ezihlahleni, kanti ama-gorilla kuphela alala phansi.

Ama-Gibbons aneziqu ezinqeni zawo, ukuze akwazi ukulala ahleli emagatsheni ezihlahla eziqinile. Izinkawu ze-anthropoid ngaphandle kwama-callus anjalo zilala esidlekeni esifakwe ngamaqabunga. Izinkawu ezinkulu ziphila isikhathi eside impela: ama-gibbons - cishe iminyaka engama-25, izinhlobo ezinkulu - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-50.

Izindlela Zokuhambisa Izinkawu

Abamele abancane kakhulu beqembu lezinkawu ze-anthropoid - gibbons - isisindo sazo sifinyelela ku-8 kg. Ngokukhululeka okungaphezu kokuvamile, bagxumela ngokungafanele emagatsheni esihlahla. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwenkawu inamathela emagatsheni ngezandla kuphela. Swinging njenge-pendulum, zingagxuma ziye kumamitha ayishumi. Eqa, izinkawu zikhula ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha ayi-16 ngehora. Ebambelele egatsheni engalweni eyodwa bese ejaha, izimbotshana ziqhubekela phambili, zisebenzisa womabili la mawashi lapho zifika. Banamajoyinti ehlombe eselula kakhulu, enza ukuvukelwa okungu-360 °. Ama-anthropoids amaningi agibela izihlahla kahle, akhetha amagatsha awugqinsi asekela isisindo somzimba. Ama-orangutan asabalalisa isisindo sawo kuzo zonke izinyawo ezine, akagxili. Ama-chimpanzee e-dwarf, noma ama-bonobos, emiqheleni yezihlahla aziphatha njengezihlahla zangempela. Onke amakati anezingalo ezinde futhi impela anemilenze emfishane yangemuva. Iningi lazo zihamba emhlabathini kuzo zozine. Ama-gorilla namachimpanzee, kanye nama-bonobos, ahamba ngokusekelwe kwiminwe yezandla zawo zangaphambili, kuyilapho ama-orangutan exhomeka emihlolweni yawo.

Umsindo owenziwe yizinkawu

I-gibbon enkulu kunazo zonke - i-siamang - inesikhwama somphimbo esingasifaka. Isikhwama esinezikhumba sidlala indima ye-resonator ekhulisa umsindo. Imvamisa inkawu yenza imisindo efana negxolo elintekenteke. Amalungu alo mhlambi ofanayo phakathi kwendawo yawo nawo axhumana ngosizo lwezimpawu ezizwakalayo, lapho izinsikazi zisebenza kakhulu - imisindo yazo yokuqala ekhonkolo iyancipha kancane kancane aze azole, bese izinkawu ziqala “ingxoxo” futhi. Ngokusobala, ukumemeza akusebenzisi nje kuphela ukumaka imingcele yendawo, kepha kuyisici sohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lokuxhumana. Ama-orangutan amadala abantu abadala banezikhwama zokomisa zomumo womphimbo. ezwe ebangeni lekhilomitha elilodwa, i-gorilla yesilisa, ibona ingozi, isukuma iye ezingalweni zayo zangemuva, ishaye izandla zayo esifubeni imemeze ithi: "yamanje-yamanje-yamanje". Lokhu kuziphatha kubizwa ngokuthi wumboniso. Iz chimpanzee nama chimpanzee (bonobos) akhulumisana ngokukhala, ukububula, ukuklwebheka nangokudonsa umoya. Isiginali yengozi ye-chimpanzee ingumsindo omkhulu ohlaba umkhosi ongazwakala ebangeni elide.

Izinkawu zokudla

Ama-gorilla adla ngamaqabunga, izithelo, amagxolo, amakhowe, ama-buds kanye namahlumela. Enye yezinsalela, i-gorilla esezingeni eliphansi ehlala eNtshonalanga Afrika, idla izinambuzane nezibungu zazo. Ama-Gibbons adla ikakhulukazi izithelo ezivuthiwe. Ama-orangutan adla izithelo, amaqabunga, izinambuzane, namaqanda enyoni. Izinduna yizinkawu ezimangazayo. Isisekelo sokudla kwabo izithelo, amaqabunga kanye nembewu, kepha amachwane adla ngokulangazela izintuthwane, amasimu, izibungu namaqanda enyoni. Kwesinye isikhathi zibhubhisa izidleke zezinyosi ngokudla izibungu noju. Izimpimpi zidla amantshontsho e-antelope, imfene nezingulube zasendle. Baqhekeza amantongomane ngamatshe.

Ukuzala

Ama-anthropoid angena ekuthweni sekwephuzile. Ama-Gibbons aqala ukushada eneminyaka yobudala engama-6-7. Isichwanyane sesifazane sizala amawundlu akhe okuqala aphakathi kweminyaka engu-6 nengu-9 ubudala. Izinyamazana zezinkawu ezinkulu ezingama-anthropoid zifinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba ngokuzayo - ngeminyaka engama-7-8. Izinduna zabesifazane zishada nabesilisa abehlukene kusukela emhlanjini. Kuma-gorilla, ngumholi kuphela wezinkomo onelungelo lokushada nabo bonke abantu besifazane. Ama-Orangutan ahlala yedwa, ngakho-ke owesifazana abesilisa nabesilisa abazohlangana nabo ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-7 ngama-gibbons nezinyanga eziyi-9 kuma-gorilla. Owesifazane uzalela iwundlu elilodwa, amawele akuvamile ukuba azalwe. Ama-Gibbons adla ubisi lwamawundlu izinyanga eziningana, izinkawu ezinkulu - ezinde.

I-chimpanzee yezingane ivame ukudla ubisi lukamama iminyaka emi-4, bese ihlala nonina isikhathi eside, oyithwala ibanga elide emhlane. Abesifazane bazala amawundlu ama-gibbons ngokuvamile njalo ngeminyaka emi-2, ama-gorilla njalo ngeminyaka engama-2-3, kanye nama-chimpanzee aneminyaka engama-5-6. Iwundlu emhlanjini wama-gorilla lizizwa lilondekile, ngoba wonke amalungu omhlambi awuvikela ezitheni.

Izimfihlo zezinkawu. Ukuvala igebe. Ividiyo (00:51:42)

Izinduna ziyizihlobo zethu eziseduzane. Ukuziphatha kwabo kunobuntu kakhulu kunokuba ungacabanga. Into eyodwa isibeka eceleni: isiko. Kepha ingabe lokhu kuyimpumelelo yomuntu? Ukuhlolwa kwesayensi endle kuzosiza ekuboneni ukuthi ama-chimpanzi ayakwazi yini ukusebenzisa amakhono abanye abantu futhi enze amathuluzi, okuyisibonakaliso esiyisiko esiyisisekelo.

IZIBALULEKO EZIQHELEKILE

Izinkawu ezihlakaniphe kunazo zonke, ezithuthukisiwe kunazo zonke ziyi-humanoid. Kunezinhlobo ezi-4: ama-orangutan, ama-gorilla, ama-chimpanzee kanye nama-chimpanzi e-pygmy, noma ama-bonobos. Iz chimpanzee kanye nama-bonobos afana kakhulu, kanti ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili azifani neze-chimpanzee. Kodwa, noma kunjalo, wonke ama-apula we-anthropoid afana ngokufana. Lezi zinkawu azinamsila, ukwakheka kwezandla ziyefana nezomuntu, umthamo wobuchopho umkhulu kakhulu, kanti nengaphezulu lawo ligxishwe imisele kanye nama-corolutions, okukhombisa ubuhlakani obuphezulu balezi zilwane. Ezintuthwini ze-anthropoid, njengasebantwini, amaqembu ama-4 egazi, negazi le-bonobo zingaze zidluliselwe kumuntu oneqembu elihambelana negazi - lokhu kubonisa ubudlelwane babo “begazi” nabantu.

Zombili lezi zinhlobo zohlobo lwe-chimpanzee ne-gorilla zihlala e-Afrika, izwekazi leli licubungule isintu, kanti i-orangutan, isihlobo sethu esikude kakhulu phakathi kwezinkawu, ihlala e-Asia.

UMPHAKATHI WOKUPHILA KWE CHIMPANZE

Iz chimpanzee zihlala ngamaqembu abantu abaphakathi kwama-20. Leli qembu, eliholwa ngumholi oyedwa wesilisa, lifaka abesilisa nabesifazane bayo yonke iminyaka. Iqembu lezimpimpi lihlala kuleyo ndawo, evikela abesilisa ekuhlaselweni komakhelwane.

Ezindaweni lapho kunokudla khona, chimpanzee ahlala impilo yokuhlala, kepha uma kungekho ukudla okwanele, athuthela ezindaweni eziningi eyofuna ukudla. Kuyenzeka ukuthi indawo yokuhlala yamaqembu ambalwa iphazamisane, bese ihlangana isikhashana, futhi kuzo zonke izingxabano inzuzo yeqembu lapho kukhona abesilisa abaningi ngakho-ke kunamandla. AmaChimpanzee awakhi imibhangqwana ehlala njalo, futhi wonke amadoda amadala akhululekile ukukhetha intombi phakathi kwabesifazane abadala, bobabili nabomakhelwane, abajoyine iqembu.

Ngemuva kokukhulelwa okuthatha izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, amabhungu amancanyana abeletha iwundlu elilodwa elingenakusiza ngokuphelele. Kuze kube unyaka, umama uthwala ingane esiswini sakhe, khona-ke ingane ngokuzimela ithuthela emuva. Eminyakeni engu-9, umama nengane bacishe bahlukane. Omama bafundisa amawundlu abo konke abangakwenza, bangenise emhlabeni wangaphandle namanye amalungu eqembu. Kwesinye isikhathi izingane ezikhulayo zithunyelwa “enkulisa”, lapho zixabana khona nontanga bazo ngaphansi kokuqashwa kwabesifazane abaningi abadala. Ekufikeni kweminyaka eyi-13, iz chimpanzee ziba ngabantu abadala, amalungu azimele eqembu, futhi abesilisa abancane kancane kancane bahlanganyela emzabalazweni wobuholi.

Izinduna ziyizilwane ezinolaka impela. Izimpikiswano eqenjini zivame ukuba izimpi zamagazi, kwesinye isikhathi ezibulalayo. Izindlela eziningi zokuthinta, ukubukeka kobuso nemisindo, ngosizo lakhombisa ukungoneliseki noma ukuvunyelwa, kusiza ekwakheni ubudlelwano nezinye izinkawu. Imizwa yobungane yenkawu iveza, ifaka izinwele zomunye nomunye.

Iz chimpanzee zithola ukudla emhlabathini nasezihlahleni, yonke indawo zizizwa zizethemba impela. Ngaphezu kokudla kwezitshalo, izinambuzane nezilwane ezincane kufakiwe ekudleni kwazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkawu ezilambile njengomphakathi wonke zingahamba zizingele futhi, ngokwesibonelo, ibhele.

INKOSI YAMADODA NAMAKHONO

Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, izinkawu ziyakwazi ukuphonsa ngamatshe inyamazane yazo; isichotho samatshe silindele inyamazane, njengengwe, eyayizama ukuzingela izinkawu. Ukuze zingabi manzi lapho ziwela umfula, chimpanzee angenza ibhuloho liphume ngezinduku, zisebenzisa amaqabunga anjengezambulela, ama-swatter endiza, abalandeli kanye nephepha lasendlini yangasese.

AMALUNGISELELO KANYE AMAZWI OKUHLE?

Kulula ukucabanga ngemizwa yendoda eyaqala ukubona i-gorilla endle - umdondoshiya omubi othusa lo mfokazi ngezikhalo ezinkulu, azigwaze esifubeni ngamanqindi, aphule futhi aqhekeze izihlahla ezincane. Imihlangano enjalo nezilo zasehlathini yaveza izinganekwane mayelana nokushiswa kwesihogo, okuamandla aso angaphezu kwawomuntu kubeka ingozi enkulu kuhlanga lwesintu. Ukuvela kwezinganekwane ezinjalo kubangele ukuqothulwa okunonya kwama-gorilla. Akukaziwa ukuthi ukwesaba nokungazi kwabantu bekuyoholela kuphi uma ososayensi bengazange bazithathe bavikelwe yilezi zinkawu ezinkulu, ebezingazi lutho ngazo nhlobo.

Kwavela ukuthi ama- “gorilla” ama-gorilla angabadli abanokuthula abadla izitshalo zokudla kuphela, ngaphezu kwalokho, abacishe babe nolaka futhi basebenzise amandla abo ukuzivikela. Ukugwema ukuchitheka kwegazi, ama-gorilla angamaduna azama ukwethusa isitha - kungaba ngomunye owesilisa noma ongumuntu. Lapho-ke kuzosetshenziswa zonke izindlela zokwesabisa: ukumemeza, ukubhonga, ukuzishaya esifubeni kanye nokuqhekeka amagatsha.

Ama-gorilla ahlala emaqenjini amancane, imvamisa izilwane ezingama-5 ukuya kwezingu-10 ngayinye, kufaka phakathi izinsizwa ezisencane ezi-1-2, izinsikazi eziningana ezinamathole weminyaka ehlukile, kanti inhloko yeqembu yiduna elidala, elihlukaniswa kalula yizinwele zesiliva grey ngemuva. Lapho ineminyaka engu-14 ubudala, igorilla lowesilisa lifinyelela ebusheni futhi, esikhundleni sezinwele ezimnyama, kuvela umucu ngemuva kwakhe. Iduna elidala likhulu: nokuphakama okungaba ngu-180 cm, angaba nesisindo esingama-300 kg. Indoda endala kunabo bonke abesilisa abathola isiliva iba yinhloko yeqembu lomndeni, futhi inakekele wonke amalungu alo iphumule emahlombe ayo anamandla. Umholi unikeza izibonakaliso zokuvuka ekuseni futhi ayolala kusihlwa, ukhetha indlela ehlathini iqembu lonke elizolilandela lapho lifuna ukudla, ukugcina ukuthula nokuthula emndenini. Uvikela amawadi akhe kuzo zonke izingozi ihlathi lendawo eshisayo egcwala ngalo.

Abancane eqenjini bakhuliswa abesifazane - omama babo. Kepha, uma izingane zingaba yizintandane ngokuzumayo, yinzalamizi esekelelwa yisiliva ezozithatha ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwayo, izothwala kanzima, ilale eduze kwazo futhi iqaphe imidlalo yazo. Ukuvikela amawundlu, umholi angangena kulolo dengwane olunengwe ngisho nangabasakazi abahlome behlomile.

Imvamisa, ukubamba iwundlu le-gorilla akufanelanga impilo kanina kuphela, kepha nokuphila kwenhloko yeqembu. Balahlekelwe umholi futhi baphuthelwe ukuvikeleka kanye nokugada, izinsikazi ezingenakusizwa nezilwane ezincane kungenzeka zife uma owesilisa ongashadile onakekela umndeni oyintandane.

BONKE NJENGABANTU

Indlela yama-gorilla isikhumbuza kakhulu umuntu. Ekuphumeni kwelanga, ngokubona komholi, lonke iqembu liyavuka liqale ukufuna ukudla. Ngemuva kwesidlo sasemini, umndeni uyaphumula, ugaye okukudlayo. Amaduna amancane alala buqamama, izintokazi ezinamawundlu asondelene nomholi, intsha ebandayo eduze kwabo - ngayinye inendawo yayo. Ebusuku, ama-gorilla akha izidleke-imibhede ezivela kumagatsha namaqabunga. Izindlovu zivame ukutholakala emhlabathini. Izilwane ezincane ezikhanyayo kuphela ezikwazi ukukhwela eziphansi esihlahleni bese zenza umbhede lapho.

Izinkomo zijabulela uthando olukhethekile emndenini. Izingane zichitha isikhathi sabo esiningi nonina, kodwa lonke iqembu liyabandakanyeka ekukhulisweni kwabo, futhi abantu abadala bayabekezela ngemikhuba yabantu abasha. Ama-gorilla akhula kancane, kuphela ngokushesha okusheshayo njengezingane zabantu. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa azisizakali ngokuphelele futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa kwabesifazane, kuphela ezinyangeni ezi-4-5 zingakwazi ukuhamba ngemilenze emine, bese kuthi eziyisishiyagalombili zihambe ziqonde. Ukuqhubeka kokukhula kushesha, kuzungezwe izihlobo, ama-gorilla amancane asheshe afunde konke. Eminyakeni engu-7 yobudala, izinsikazi ziba ngabantu abadala impela, abesilisa bavuthwa ngeminyaka eyi-10-12, kuthi emuva kweminyaka eyi-14 babe yisiliva. Owesilisa onobuhlakani besiliva uvame ukushiya iqembu bese ehlala yedwa isikhathi eside kuze kube yilapho ekwazi ukwakha umndeni omusha.

ISONDLO SENKOLO - INDODA

Ama-gorilla amakhulu futhi anamandla anezitha ezimbalwa ngokwemvelo. Ngisho nesisulu esikhulu kunazo zonke emahlathini ase-Afrika, ingwe, akuvamile ukuba ihlasele i-gorilla. Kepha, njengazo zonke izilwane, imidondoshiya ehlathini ayinamandla ngokumelana nezicupho, izicupho kanye nezibhamu zabazingeli abazingela ngamawundlu abathengisi bezimpahla eziphilayo, izigqoko nezandla zabesilisa abadala kubantu abathanda izipho zokuzitholela inyama nenyama yokuphaka, abalandeli bezinto zokudlela zase-Afrika. Futhi yize kuthathwa izinyathelo eziqinile ukuvikela lezi zilwane ezingandile, ama-gorilla ayaqhubeka nokubulawa, ngoba kwesinye isikhathi ukuzingela kuyindlela kuphela yemali etholakala kubantu bendawo.

"BANTU BAMAHHALA"

Igama elithi "Orangutan" - elihunyushwe lisuka eMalay - lisho "umuntu wasehlathini". Leli igama lezinkawu ezinkulu ezihlala ehlathini leziqhingi zaseKalimantan naseSumatra. Ama-Orangutan ayizidalwa ezimangazayo futhi ahluke kakhulu kwezinye izinduna ezinkulu. Okokuqala, ama-orangutan aqala indlela yokuphila efana nesihlahla futhi, yize enesisindo esikhulu (ama-70-100 kg), akhuphuka izihlahla aze afike kumamitha angama-20 futhi awathandi ukwehlela emhlabathini. Kuyacaca ukuthi izilwane ezinesisindo esinjalo azikwazi ukweqa kusuka egatsheni ziye kwelinye, kodwa ziyakwazi ukukhuphuka ngokuzethemba nangekushesha. Ama-orangutan adla cishe usuku lonke, adla izithelo namahlamvu, kanye namaqanda ezinyoni namachwane. Kusihlwa, ama-orangutan akha izidleke, yilowo nalowo abe neyakhe, ahlala khona ubusuku. Balala, banamathela ngesihlakala esisodwa egatsheni, ukuze bangehli ephusheni. Njalo ebusuku, lezi zinkawu zihlala endaweni entsha futhi zakhe kabusha umbhede wazo. Ngokungafani nama-gorilla nama-chimpanzee, ama-orangutan akavamile ukwakha amaqembu, ancamela ukuhlala yedwa noma ngababili (insikazi - owesilisa, umama - amawundlu), kepha kwesinye isikhathi izilwane ezimbalwa ezindala namawundlu aningana ahlukene ahlanganisa iqembu lomndeni.

I-orangutan yowesifazane ibeletha iwundlu elilodwa, umama alinakekela cishe iminyaka engu-7, aze abe mdala ngokuphelele.Kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu, i-orangutan encane idla kuphela ubisi lukamama, futhi kuphela lapho umama eseqala ukumjwayela ukudla okuqinile. Amahlamvu ahlafunayo, wenza uhlaka lwemifino lwengane yakhe. Ukulungiselela umntwana ukuba abe umuntu mdala, umama umfundisa ukukhwela izihlahla zakhe izidleke. Ama-orangutan amancane anothando futhi ayadlala, futhi inqubo yokufunda yonke ibonwa ngawo njengomdlalo wokuzijabulisa. Ama-Orangutan ahlakaniphile kakhulu, ekuthunjweni afunda ukusebenzisa amathuluzi futhi azenza nawo uqobo. Kepha emvelweni, lezi zinkawu azivamile ukusebenzisa amakhono azo: ukufuna njalo ukudla akubashiyi isikhathi sokwakhiwa kobuhlakani bemvelo.

Ama-orangutan ayizilwane ezingandile, njengama-gorilla namachimpane, ahlushwa ukuzingela nokuqothulwa kwamahlathi. Endle, akukho ngaphezu kwe-5000 yalezi zidalwa ezinhle, ezinemvelo enhle nezingenangozi. Ama-orangutan ayizilwane ezigcina imfihlo, okwenza kube nzima ukutadisha impilo yawo ezimweni zemvelo, ngakho-ke zihlala zingafundiswanga kahle kakhulu ngezinkawu.

Ama-orangutan ahlala isikhathi eside phakathi kwezizukulwane. Ekuthunjweni, aphila cishe iminyaka engama-60, kanti isikhathi sokuphila kwegorilla sineminyaka engama-50, kanti chimpanzee aneminyaka engama-40 kuphela ubudala.

Impilo yenhlalo yeChimpanzee

AmaChimpanzee aphile, njengomthetho, ngamaqembu, isilinganiso sabantu abangu-15-20. Leli qembu, eliholwa ngumholi oyedwa wesilisa, lifaka abesifazane, abesilisa babo bonke ubudala. Amaqembu eChimpanzee athatha insimu, zona ezivikela yona ekuhlaselweni komakhelwane.

Ezindaweni lapho ukudla kwanele khona ukuhlala kahle kweqembu, chimpanzee baphila impilo yokuhlala. Kodwa-ke, uma kungekho kudla okwanele kulo lonke iqembu, bayazulazula beyofuna ukudla emabangeni amade. Kuyenzeka ukuthi insimu yamaqembu amaningi ixabana. Kulokhu, bahlangana isikhashana. Kuyamangaza ukuthi kukho konke ukushayisana, inikezwe ithuba eqenjini eliqukethe abesilisa abaningi yingakho liqinile. Imindeni ehlala njalo ayizakhi izitshimane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma yimuphi owesilisa osekhulile unelungelo lokukhetha ngokukhululekile enye intombazane evela kubantu besifazane abadala, bobabili, iqembu elihlangene.

Ngemuva kokumitha izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, isithokazi esibeletha sizala ikonyana elilodwa elingenakusiza ngokuphelele. Kuze kube unyaka wokuphila, insikazi ithwala ingane esiswini sayo, emva kwalokho umntwana uyithululela ngokuzimela emhlane. Kuyo yonke iminyaka engu-9-9,5, insikazi nethanga kuhlukaniswa cishe. Unina ufundisa konke akwazi ukukwenza, umkhombisa umhlaba omzungezile namanye amalungu eqembu. Kunezikhathi lapho intsha inikezwa "enkulisa" yazo. lapho baxabana nontanga ngaphansi kokuqashwa kwabadala abaningana, imvamisa abesifazane. Lapho umntwana ephenduka iminyaka eyi-13, chimpanzee ingena ebudaleni bese iqala ukubhekwa njengamalungu azimele epakethe. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinsizwa ezincane ziqala ukungena emzabalazweni wobuholi,

Izinduna ziyizilwane ezinolaka impela.. Izingxabano zivame ukwenzeka eqenjini eliba izimpi ngisho namagazi, ezivame ukuphela ekufeni. Uhla olubanzi lwezimpawu zobuso, ukushukuma komzimba nemisindo, lapho bedlulisa ukuvuma kwabo, kwenza ukuthi kube nokwakha ubudlelwano phakathi kwabo nezinkawu. Izilwane ezinobungane, lezi zilwane ziveza ngokukhetha uboya komunye nomunye.

Izinduna zithola ukudla kwazo ezihlahleni nasemhlabathini, lapho nalaphaya, zizizwa zisendaweni yazo. Ukudla kwabo kufaka phakathi:

tshala ukudla
izinambuzane
izilwane ezincane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, chimpanzee olambile njengeqembu lonke angaya ukuzingela futhi abambe, ngokwesibonelo, ibheleza ukudla.

Izandla ezinekhono nekhanda elihlakaniphile

Izinduna zihlakaniphe kakhulu, bayakwazi ukusebenzisa amathuluzi, futhi ukukhetha ngenhloso ithuluzi elisebenziseka kakhulu. Bayakwazi ngisho nokuyithuthukisa. Isibonelo, ukuze ingene ku-anthill, inkawu e-humanoid isebenzisa ihlumela: ikhetha induku efanelekile ngosayizi futhi iyikhulise, iphule amaqabunga kuyo. Noma, ngokwesibonelo, sebenzisa induku ukungqongqisa ingane ekhula kakhulu. Noma ukushaya ophikisana naye ngesikhathi sokulwa.

Ukwephula nati, inkawu iyibeka etsheni elikhethekile elikhethiwe kulokhu, bese iphula igobolondo ngelinye, itshe elibukhali.

Ukuqeda ukoma, isichwanyane sisebenzisa ishidi elikhulu silisebenzise njenge-scoop. Noma wenza isiponji eshidi elisahlafunwe, aliphonsa emfudlaneni bese afaka amanzi emlonyeni wakhe.

Lapho ukuzingela, imfene e-anthropoid ingakhanda inyamazane ize ife, isichotho samatshe amatshe angamagobolondo nayo izolindela inyamazane, ngokwesibonelo, ingwe, onesibindi sokuvula ukuzingela kwalezi zilwane.

Ukuze zingabi manzi lapho ziwela ichibi, chimpanzee ayakwazi ukwakha ibhuloho ngaphandle kwezinduku, futhi azosebenzisa amaqabunga ebanzi njengesambulela, iswifter swatter, fan kanye nephepha lasendlini yangasese.

Imidondoshiya enhle noma izilo?

Kulula ukucabanga ngemizwa yomuntu oqale wabona i-gorilla phambi kwakhe - umdondoshiya ongumuntu onomusa omkhulu, njengabafokazi abethusa kangaka, eshaya izingalo zakhe esifubeni, ephula futhi ediliza izihlahla ezincane ezinezimpande. Ukuhlangana okufanayo nezilo zasehlathini kuholele ezindabeni ezimbi nasezinganekwaneni zezehlakalo zesihogo, amandla akhe angawabantu aphethe ingozi yokubulawa, uma kungenjalo ngenxa yesintu, khona-ke ngenxa yengqondo yayo.

Ngeshwa, lokhu akuyona ihaba. Izinganekwane ezinjalo, ezazicindezela umphakathi ukuthi lezi zidalwa ezinjengabantu ziqale ukungaqondakali kakhulu ngasikhathi sinye, zabangela ukuqothuka kwamagorilla cishe kungalawulwa. Uhlobo lwalusongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngokuphelele uma kungenjalo ngemisebenzi nemizamo yososayensi abathathe ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwalezi zikhulu, cishe kuleyo minyaka abantu bebengazi lutho nhlobo.

Njengoba kwenzeka, kwabonakala lezi zilo ezithandekayo ziyi-herbivores enokuthula kunazo zonkeezidla kuphela izitshalo zokudla. Ngaphandle kwalokho bacishe bangabi nabudlova ngokuphelelekodwa bonisa amandla abo futhi futhi okuthe xaxa kufanele ukusebenzise kuphela lapho kunengozi yangempela futhi uma umuntu eza ensimini yabo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze ugweme ukuchitheka kwegazi okungadingekile, Ama-gorilla azama ukwesabisa aboni, akunandaba - omunye ngowesilisa, umbusi wohlobo oluhlukile noma umuntu. Ngemuva kwalokho kuzosetshenziswa zonke izindlela zokusabisa:

bhonga
uyakhala
ukuzifaka esifubeni ngamanqindi,
ukwehlisa izihlahla njalonjalo.

Izici zokuphila kwe-gorilla

Ama-gorilla, njengama chimpanzee, ahlala ngamaqembu amancane, kepha inani lawo livame ukungaphansi - abantu abangama-5-10. Phakathi kwazo kuvame ukuba yinhloko yeqembu - owesilisa osekhulile, izinsikazi eziningana ezinamathole aneminyaka ehlukene nabesilisa abancane abayi-1-2. Umholi kulula ukumazi: emuva kwakhe kunengubo yesiliva-grey.

Lapho ineminyaka eyi-14, i-gorilla yeduna iyavuthwa ngokocansi, futhi esikhundleni soboya obumnyama, kuvela ibala lesikhwanyana emhlane wakhe.

Owesilisa oseke waphila mkhulu: unobude obungu-180 cm futhi kwesinye isikhathi unesisindo esingu-300 kg. Omunye wesilisa-wesilisa owesilisa omkhulu kunabo bonke, futhi abe ngumholi weqembu. Emahlombe akhe anamandla ukunakekelwa kwawo wonke amalungu omndeni.

Owesilisa oyisikhulu eqenjini unikeza izibonakaliso zokuvuka ekuphumeni kwelanga, futhi alale ekushoneni kwelanga, ukhetha indlela esikebheni, lapho iqembu lonke lizohamba liyofuna ukudla, lilawule ukuhleleka nokuthula eqenjini. Uvikela futhi konke kwakhe ezingozini ezingase zivele, eziningi zazo zinamahlathi amakhulu emvula.

Isizukulwane esincane eqenjini sikhuliswa ngunina uqobo. Kodwa-ke, uma kungazelelwe ingane iyintandane kungumholi wephakethe elibathatha ngaphansi kwephiko lakhe. Uzoyithwala emhlane wakhe, eceleni kwabo bayolala futhi aqiniseke ukuthi imidlalo yabo ayiyona ingozi.

Lapho uvikela amawundlu ayizintandane, umholi angaya ngisho nasesigangeni ngengwe noma ngisho nomuntu ohlomile.

Imvamisa, ukubanjwa kwegwababa le-gorilla akufaki kuphela ukufa kukanina, kodwa futhi nokufa kwenhloko yeqembu. Amalungu asele eqembu, ancishwe ukuvikeleka kanye nokugada, izilwane ezincane nezinsikazi ezingenakusiza, futhi, zime emaphethelweni kwalasha, uma owesilisa oyedwa engazibophezeli emndenini wezintandane.

I-Orangutan: izici zokuphila

Igama elithi "Orangutan" elisuka eMalawi lihunyushwa ngokuthi "umuntu wasehlathini". Leli gama libhekisa ezinkalweni ezinkulu ezihlala ehlathini eziqhingini zaseSumatra naseKalimantan. Ama-orangutan angenye yezidalwa ezimangalisayo emhlabeni.Ahluke kakhulu kwezinye izinkawu ezinkulu.

Ama-Orangutan angamakhwapheni. Yize isisindo sazo sibaluleke impela, ama-65-100 kg, akhuphuka izihlahla ngokumangazayo ngisho nangaphakeme ngamamitha afinyelela ku-15 ukuya ku-20. Akhetha ukungayi phansi.

Vele, ngenxa yobukhulu bomzimba, abakwazi ukweqa kusuka egatsheni kuya kwelinye igatsha, kepha ngasikhathi sinye bayakwazi ukukhwela izihlahla ngokuzethemba nangokukhaliphile.

Ama-orangutan adla cishe ubusuku nemini, edla

Kusihlwa, ama-orangutan akha amakhaya awoFuthi yilowo nalowo unokwakhe, lapho bahlala khona ubusuku. Balala, bebambe elinye lama-paws egatsheni, ukuze lingaweli phansi ephusheni.

Njalo ebusuku, ama-orangutan azinza endaweni entsha, azakhela yona “umbhede”.Lezi zilwane empeleni azenzi amaqembu, bakhetha impilo eyodwa noma impilo ngababili (umama - amawundlu, owesifazana - owesilisa), yize kunezikhathi lapho umbhangqwana wabantu abadala namawundlu ambalwa weminyaka ehlukene akha cishe umndeni.

Owesifazane walezi zilwane, kuzalwa iwundlu eli-1. Umama uyamnakekela iminyaka engaba ngu-7, aze akhule ngokwanele ngempilo ezimele.

Kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu, amawundlu e-orangutan adla kuphela ubisi lwebele, futhi kuphela ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi lapho umama eqala ukumnika ukudla okuqinile. Uyamhlafuna amahlamvu, ngaleyo ndlela emenzele i-puree yemifino.

Ulungiselela umntwana ukuba abe umuntu mdala, bamfundisa ukukhwela izihlahla nokuphephezela indawo yokulala. Izingane ze-Orangutan zidlala kakhulu futhi zinothando, futhi zibona yonke inqubo yemfundo nokuqeqeshwa njengomdlalo wokuzijabulisa.

Ama-Orangutan ayizilwane ezinothile kakhulu. Ekudingisweni, bafunda ukusebenzisa amathuluzi futhi bayakwazi ukuzenzela ngokwabo. Kepha ezimweni zokuphila kwamahhala, lezi zinkawu ezine-anthropoid azivamile ukusebenzisa amakhono azo: ukufuna okuqhubekayo kokudla akubaniki isikhathi sokuthuthukisa ubuhlakani babo bemvelo.

UBonobo

I-Bonobo, noma i-chimpanzee ye-pygmy - isihlobo sethu esisondele kakhulu

Bambalwa abantu abaziyo ngobukhona besihlobo sethu esisondele kakhulu - i-bonobo. Noma Ukusethwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezimfushane kuhambelana nokusethwa kwezakhi zofuzo zabantu cishe ngo-98%! Basondele kakhulu nathi ezisekelweni zokuziphatha nezenhlalo.

Bahlala eCentral Africa, enyakatho-mpumalanga nasenyakatho nentshonalanga yeCongo. Abalokothi bawashiye amagatsha ezihlahla, bese behamba kakhulu emhlabeni.

Izici zokuziphatha kokuziphatha kwalezinhlobo - ukuzingela okuhlanganyele. Bangakwazi ukulwa bodwa, bese kuvezwa ubukhona bepolitiki yamandla.

IBonobo ayinalo nolimi lwezandlaisimilo sezinye izidalwa. Banikeza enye yezimpawu zezwi futhi bahlukaniswa kakhulu ezimpawu zohlobo lwesibili lwe-chimpanzee.

Izwi leBonobo liqukethe imisindo ephezulu, ebukhali futhi ekhonkotha. Ekuzingeleni, basebenzisa izinto ezahlukahlukene zasendulo: amatshe, izinti. Ekudingisweni, ubuhlakani babo buthola ithuba lokukhula futhi bazibonakalise lapho, ekuphathweni kwezinto nasekusungulweni okusha, baba ngamakhosi wangempela.

IBonobos ayinaye umholi, njengabanye abamele abangozimele. Isici esiyingqayizivele nesisibonakaliso sezimpimpi ze-pygmy ukuthi ekhanda leqembu labo noma umphakathi wonke ungowesifazane.

Abesifazane babamba ngamaqembu. Kubandakanya namawundlu nentsha efinyelela eminyakeni eyi-6. Abesilisa bayazonda, kepha hhayi kude.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi cishe konke ukuqhuma okuvuthayo kuma-bonobos kuthathelwa indawo yizici zokuziphatha kokuzalelana.

Ukuthi izintokazi zibusa kuzo kwembulwa ososayensi ekuhlolweni lapho kuhlangene namaqembu ezinkawu zombili lezi zinhlobo. Emaqenjini e-bonobo, abesifazane bangabokuqala ukuqala ukudla. Uma owesilisa engavumi, izintokazi zijoyina amabutho zixoshe owesilisa. Akukaze kube khona impikiswano ngenkathi kudliwa, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi kuhlangana ngaphambi kokudla.

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