Amagama:I-Mississippi alligator, i-pig alligator, i-alligator yaseMelika (ama-alligator aseMelika).

Indawo: I-allissator yaseMississippi inkulu kunazo zonke kulezi zinhlobo ezimbili ze-alligator, futhi ijwayelekile eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States. Njengamanje, ihlala kuphela eningizimu yeVirginia nasempumalanga yeLower Rio Grande eTexas, eMississippi, e-Alabama, eLouisiana, eGeorgia, eNyakatho naseNingizimu neCarolina, kanye naseningizimu ye-Arkansas; inani labantu abahlala eFlorida marshes likhona ikakhulukazi.

Incazelo: I-allissator yaseMississippi inesikhala eside kunalokho, kepha sibanzi futhi siyisicaba. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ezilwaneni ezigcinwe ekudingisweni, i-muzzle ibanzi kuneyezihlobo zasendle (ngenxa yezimpawu zokudla okunempilo). Amakhala asemaphethelweni esiqalo sesizalo, esivumela isilwane ukuba siphefumule, ngenkathi umzimba waso wonke ungaphansi kwamanzi. Ama-alligators amadala ahlala endalweni anezinhlobo ezimbili: ezinde nezincane, zimfishane futhi zibanzi. Lokhu kwehluka ekubumbeni kuchazwa yizimpawu zokudla okunempilo, isimo sezulu kanye nezinye izici.
Isikhali se-alligator esinamandla umsila osicaba obukhulu. Izindwangu ezine ezinkulu ze-occipital zitholakala emigqeni emibili eshintshashintshayo. Endaweni ephakathi komzimba - imigqa eyisishiyagalombili yobude obukhulu besikwena esibuhlungu. Isikhumba ezinhlangothini sinamapuleti amathambo. Isithambo semoto esiswini asikho. Amachaphaza amfushane, ngaphambili - anehloka ezinhlanu, inyamazane - emane amane. Izisekelo zeminwe yangaphambi kokuxhuma zixhunywe yi-membrane yokubhukuda. Inani lamazinyo ali-74-80.
Lapho umlomo uvaliwe, onqenqemeni lomhlathi ongenhla weqa amazinyo omhlathi ongezansi, kanti amazinyo aphansi angena kokutholakala komhlathi ongenhla. Izinyo elikhulu lesine lomhlathi ophansi lingena endaweni yokuphumula emhlathini ongenhla futhi lihlale lingabonakali lapho umlomo uvaliwe. Lesi sakhiwo samazinyo sinezimpawu ze-alligators futhi asitholakali kwizingwenya nase-gavial, lapho amazinyo aphansi engena ngaphakathi kwama-grooves ngaphandle komhlathi ongenhla.
Ama-alligators amancane amakhophi amancane wabazali bawo, ahlukile kubo ngemivimbo ephuzi eqondile yokuphuza isendlalelo esimnyama esimnyama, okusebenza njengesifiso esihle kubo.

Umbala: Umbala ogcwele wohlangothi olungaphezulu lweMississippian alligator umnyama, uluhlaza okotshani, bese i-ventral iphuzi. Ebantwaneni abasha, uhlangothi lwedorsal licishe libe mnyama ngombala okhanyayo okhanyayo ophuzi othambile emsileni; kubantu abadala imivimbo enjalo imnyama. Ama-alligators wabantu basentshonalanga, ngokomlando ahlukaniswe ngasempumalanga, anemigqa emhlophe - imivimbo ezungeze imihlathi, umzimba wawo kanye nombala womsila ulula. Kumacabango amadala, imivimbo ephuzi iyaguga iphenduke ibe nsundu futhi ibe nsundu, yize izindawo zesikhumba zizungeze imihlathi, entanyeni nesisu zihlala zimhlophe qhwa. Isifunda se-ventral sikhanya sinamachashaza amnyama. Umbala wamehlo ungowomnqumo, luhlaza okotshani, kepha eminye imibala iyenzeka.

Usayizi: Ama-alligator amaduna abantu abadala afinyelela kumamitha angama-4-4,5, kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala abantu abangaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-5 (ubude obumakwe amamaki ngu-5.8 m). Izinsikazi zifinyelela ubude obufika kumamitha amathathu.

IsisindoKufika ku-200-300 kg. Kunemininingwane engaqinisekisiwe (engabazayo) ukuthi ngekhulu le-19 nele-20 ababulawa izimbotshana abanesisindo sethani.

Isikhathi sokuphila: Kubhaliwe ukuthi i-alligator eyodwa kaMississippi yaphila iminyaka engama-66. Walethwa e-Adelaide Zoo, pc. ISouth Australia, ngoJuni 5, 1914 eneminyaka emibili, futhi waphila kuze kube uSepthemba 26, 1978. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, umlando wokuphila kwalesi silwane esithunjiwe uneminyaka engama-85.

Vota: Ama-Cube enza imisindo egwedlayo (isiNgisi: y-eonk, y-eonk, y-eonk), kanye nama-alligators amadala enza ukububula okukhulu ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ofakazi bokuzibonela baqhathanisa izwi le-allissator kaMississippi nokuduma okude noma ukuqhuma lapho abazingeli bezimbumbulu bejuluka nezinhlanzi. Uma abesilisa abaningi bakhala ngasikhathi sinye, khona-ke ukudonsa okusindayo okunamandla kushaqisa ixhaphozi.

Habitat: Ama-Alligator atholakala ezindaweni ezihlukehlukene ezinomthombo wamanzi acwebile, futhi akhetha ukuhamba kancane kwamanzi okuphuma emishinini enamanzi amnandi, emifuleni nasemachibini, kanye nasemachibini asakazeke emigodini ebumbekile. Ayizithandi izidumbu zamanzi ezinamanzi anosawoti, yize ingahlala emanzini angamabheki wezixhaphozi zemithambo yendawo yeSouth Florida (i-Everglade) isikhashana. Imvamisa kakhulu i-Mississippi alligator ingatholakala lapho kuhlala khona abantu.
Abesifazane, njengomthetho, bahlala ngaphakathi kwendawo encane yamachibi, amachibi, kanye nabesilisa abathi bangaphezu kwamamitha-skwele. amamayela.

IzithaIzinyoni ezinkulu zemashi, ama-raccoon, ama-lynxes kanye nama-alligators amadala angahlasela izingane ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nama-alligators amasha. Phakathi kwama-alligators amakhulu wesilisa, amacala e-cannibalism ajwayelekile, okungajwayelekile kwizingwenya. Eminyakeni emibili, ama-alligators afinyelela ubude obuyi-90 cm futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi awanazo izitha - ngaphandle kwabantu. Ukudla: Izimbaza zeMississippi zingabaphangi. Ukudla okuyinhloko izinhlanzi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuhlasela nezinye izilwane. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisencane zidla izinambuzane zasemanzini kanye nama-crustaceans, izinhlanzi ezincane namasele; lapho zikhula, ukudla kwazo kuyahluka kakhulu. Ama-alligator abantu abadala adla cishe kunoma yisiphi isidalwa esiphilayo esasemanzini nesisemhlabeni esihlala kule ndawo: izimfudu, izinyoka, inhlanzi, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoni, ngisho nezimbaza ezincane. Ezindaweni lapho ama-alligator ahlala khona nabantu futhi lapho belambile, izinja ezincane nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo ziba izisulu zabo.
Kumuntu, ama-alligator awona ingozi enkulu, kepha ezimweni ezingavamile, i-allissator yaseMississippi ihlasela abantu, futhi nangaleso sikhathi, uma nje icasukile noma ididanisa ingane nokudla okuncane.
Kwesinye isikhathi udla izinhlanzi emanhlanzi. Ngendlala enkulu, i-carrion ingadliwa.

Ukuziphatha: Ukuzingela kwe-allissator ye-Mississippi kuncike ekushiseni kwamanzi, futhi emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-20-23 ° C isifiso sabo sokudla sincipha kakhulu futhi umsebenzi wabo uyancipha. Izinga lokushisa lomzimba elithandeka kakhulu empilweni ngu-32-35 ', amazinga okushisa angaphezulu kuka-38' ngoba lolu hlobo luyabulala. Emhlabeni, izingwenya zivame ukulala ngemilomo yazo ivulekile, i.e. lokhu kungenxa ye-thermoregulation (amanzi aphuma ephuma ezingxenyeni ze-mucous zomgodi womlomo, okhulisa ukudluliswa kokushisa).
Ama-alligators amadala, njengomthetho, azingela emanzini, abambe inyamazane encane ngamazinyo ayo futhi ayiginye iphelele. Badonsa inyamazane enkulu ngaphansi kwamanzi, bese beyiklebhula. Ingwenya inokubekezela okumangazayo: ebeka kuphela izihlakala zamehlo namakhala emanzini, angabuka amahora amaningi amahora. Imvamisa endaweni enjalo ecishe ibe "yisikhukhula", ushayela ngapha kwamanzi asogwini, afune isisulu.
Ama-Alligators anokulimala okuqine kakhulu - kuqhathaniswa nezinye izitha ezidumile "eziluma". I-alligator yaseMelika engamamitha amane ukuphakama inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-332 ilunywe yithuluzi elikhethekile lokulinganisa elinamandla alingana namandla adonsela phansi entweni engu-1063-kilogramu (malini iloli elincane). Umuntu omkhulu epulazini lengwenya yeSt Augustine (USA) kancane ngamandla alingana nesisindo samakhilogremu ayi-1480. Ama-Alligators asebenzisa umlomo onamandla kangaka ekubambeni nasekulungeni kwezifudu zamanzi ahlanzekile, ahlukaniswa yigobolondo elinzima ngokukhethekile.
Ngesikhathi sokuntywiliselwa, amathumbu engwenya avalwa yimiphetho yesikhumba evuvukele, izindlebe zigoqa ngokunqenqemeka emaceleni esikhumba, nokugeleza kwegazi kuleli cala, ngaphandle kwengqondo nomsipha wenhliziyo, kumisiwe. Imvamisa, emizuzwini yokuqala engama-20 yokuhlala endaweni ejulile, ingwenya ichitha ingxenye yesilinganiso sokuthola umoya-mpilo, bese okuseleyo kudla ngokwezimali ngaphezulu kwemizuzu eyi-100 elandelayo.

Zimbalwa kuphela izilwane ezikwazi ukugqugquzela abantu ngokwesaba okunjenge-Mississippi alligator. Lapho evula umlomo wakhe ngamazinyo amakhulu, kubonakala sengathi umhlaseli umomotheka ngobuhlanya

Uhlobo / Izinhlobo - I-Aligator mississipiensis

Ubude: mayelana ne-4 m, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ifinyelela ku-5.5 m, umsila uphakathi kobude.

Isisindo 200-225 kg.

Isikhathi sokukhwelana: Ephreli Meyi.

Inani lamaqanda: 25-60.

Ukufakwa Izinyanga ezingama-2-3.

Imisebenzi: I-Alligator (bheka isithombe) - isizungu.

Okudingayo: Amawundlu adla izinambuzane, amakhowe, ama-tadpoles namaxoxo, futhi abantu abadala badla izinhlanzi kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo.

Iskhathi sempilo: kuze kube seminyakeni engu-50 ubudala.

Omunye ummeleli womndeni we-alligator yi-alligator yaseChina. Mncane kakhulu kune-allissator yaseMississippian futhi uhlala kuphela ezindaweni eziphansi zoMfula uYangtze.

I-Mississippi Alligator ingummeleli omkhulu wokudonswa kwengwenya ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika. Inomzimba we-cylindrical, izinyawo eziqinile nekhanda elibanzi. I-alligator ibhukuda ngosizo lomsila, okuyisikhali sayo esinamandla.

Isilwane sasendle saseMelika - ipike alligator

Ama-allissators aseMississippi ayizilwane ezifundwayo kunazo zonke ezifundwayo eqenjini labo. Lezi zilwane ezinkulu zihlala ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika futhi zimelela eyodwa yezinhlobo ezimbili ze-alligator ezaziwa njengamanje (owesibili yi-alligator yaseChina). Uhla lwe-allissator lweMississippi lutholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States, emboza ikakhulu izindawo zezifunda zaseFlorida naseLouisiana.
Lezi ezihuquzelayo zihlala amachibi, amachibi, imifula, amachibi nezinye izidumbu zamanzi ahlanzekile ogwini lwe-Atlantic - ezitholakala eningizimu yeVirginia nasempumalanga yeRio Grande ephansi, eTexas, eMississippi, e-Alabama, eLouisiana, eGeorgia, eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. I-Oklahoma naseningizimu ye-Arkansas. Ama-alligators aseMississippi maningi ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseFlorida.

Ukuchazwa kokuqala kwesayensi yalesi silwane kwanyatheliswa ngo-1802 yisazi sezilwane saseFrance uFrancois-Marie Doden (UFrancois-Marie Daudin)Ngubani owabeka ezihuquzelayo igama le-binomial I-Alligator mississippiensis. Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wawo wesayensi, uDoden wachaza izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-500 zezinyoni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo.

I-allissator yaseMississippi ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-alligator yaseMelika - Izimbokodo zaseMelika. Amanye amagama ezivamile ezifuywayo afaka alligator Florida, ingwenya Mississippi, Louisiana alligator, kanye Pig alligator. Igama lokugcina elenziwa yisilwane esikhuselayo libukeka ngendlela eyiyo ekhanda ngayo ngesigaxa esisetshenziswe ngokufana okufana nesihloko sephayiphu.

Ama-allissators aseMississippi akhetha amanzi azolile, agwema izindawo ngesivinini esinamandla. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukungathandwa kwama-alligator aseMississippi amanzi anezivunguvungu kuhlotshaniswa nokwakheka nokwakheka kwamakhala - atholakala ephansi, futhi lokhu kwenza ukuphefumula kube nzima lapho kugudlwa yimifudlana yamanzi. Ukuze zingakhi amanzi emakhaleni, lezi ezihuquzelayo emifuleni esheshayo kufanele zigcine amakhanda azo ekhweni, okwenza kube nzima ukubhukuda ngaphezulu kanye nomamaski ngesikhathi sokuzingela.
Ngenxa yokungabikho kwezindlala ezi-lacrimal, lezi ezihuquzelayo nazo zigwema ukuvela emanzini anosawoti, ngokungafani nezinhlobo eziningi zezingwenya zangempela ezingakhala “, zikhiphe usawoti emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, ngezikhathi ezithile ama-alligator aseMississippi angatholakala emanzini ashubile asezigungwini nasezintabeni zaseSouth Florida.

Lezi ezihuquzelayo zingezabamele abakhulu be-oda lezingwenya - abesilisa bangakhula babe ngamamitha angama-4-4,5 (usayizi owaziwa kakhulu - amamitha angama-5.8) anesisindo esifinyelela kuma-300 kg. Kunemibiko yokubanjwa kwabantu abanesisindo esifinyelela kwengxenye yetoni, kepha abanabo ubufakazi obuqoshwe phansi. Izinsikazi zincane kakhulu kunabesilisa futhi kuyaqabukela zifinyelela ubude obungaphezu kwamamitha amathathu.

Ukubukeka kubonakaliswa yikhanda elikhulu elinomsipha omude, obanzi futhi othambile, okuthe, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ufana kakhulu nekhanda le-pike. Ikhanda lihlukaniswe ngokungafani nentamo. Amakhala asendaweni yasesifubeni, akhuphuka kancane ngaphezu kobuso bawo.
Amehlo mancane, ane-iris grey noma yesiliva ne-slitical slit.
Inani eliphelele lamazinyo emhlathini ongenhla nangaphansi ngu-74-80, kuyilapho ulayini we-alligator ungenye yezinto ezihlukanisa lezi ezihuqayo kusuka kwizingwenya zangempela - izinyo elikhulu lesine lomhlathi ophansi lingena ekuthambekeni komhlathi ongaphezulu futhi limbozwe ngesindebe. amazinyo asohlangothini futhi engenalutho ngomlomo ovaliwe.

Ezinhlangothini zomzimba kukhona imilenze emifushane, eqinile, ephela ngaphansi konyawo. Ezinyaweni ezingaphambili kuneminwe emihlanu ene-membrane phakathi kwabo, emilenzeni engezansi - iminwe emine. Ngenxa yalezi zingalo, i-alligator iyakwazi ukuqubuka emhlabathini, ukubhukuda, ukuzivikela ezitheni, futhi nokuxhaphaza inyamazane yayo - iklebhule izicucu, isuse izingcezu zokudla emlonyeni wayo. imilenze yabo emifushane igcwele.

Isikali se-Dorsal sinokuhleleka nokwakheka kwesimo - imikhawulo emine emikhulu emigqeni emibili ibekwe esifundeni se-occipital, imigqa engu-8 emide yesikena mincane phakathi komzimba. Amapuleti amathambo abekwa ezinhlangothini. Isisu asinakho ukwakheka kwe-corymbal.
Ngemuva komzimba kuthweswe umqhele umsila omude futhi onamandla, uthambile kamuva. Lo mzimba ungudedangendlale wesilwane esihuquzelayo lapho ubhukuda, kanye nesikhali, sibonga lapho i-alligator ikwazi ukubhekana nezisulu ezinkulu. Ngokushaywa komsila, umhlaseli angaphula amathambo kalula ngisho nawenkunzi.

Ishubhu elingaphezulu lama-alligators amadala lipendiwe ngombala onsundu omdaka noma omnyama; isisu simhlophe qhwa. Ebasha, imivimbo ephuzi ekhanyayo itholakala emsileni.

Ukungabikho komshini we-thermoregulatory womzimba kushiye uphawu ekuziphatheni kwama-alligators aseMississippi ezimweni zokushisa ezipholile noma eziguqukayo. Lezi ezihuquzelayo ziyakwazi ukumba izimbobo, lapho zithanda ukucasha ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu esibi kanye nesimo sezulu. Ngesizini ephansi, ama-alligators alahlekelwa yimisebenzi yawo, futhi ayakwazi ukufihla, ukucasha emgodini noma ukugqekeza odakeni olubhukudi.
Njengezinye izingwenya eziningi, ama-alligator ahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezibalulekile emachibini anodaka, awesula ngotshani, udaka kanye nezitshalo zasemanzini. Impela, iqhaza lemiyalo yezilwane ezihuquzelayo alinakwa - izindawo ezihlanjululwe zivame ukusetshenziswa njengomgodi wokunisela yizilwane ezahlukahlukene, lapho umhlaseli ebukela khona lapho aqamekela.
Njengoba inzima futhi igxiliwe emhlabathini, lezi zilwanyana ezihuquzelayo zisetshenziselwa ukubhukuda emanzini, futhi ziyakwazi ukuphonsa umbani lapho zizingela.

Njengoba kufanele inyamazane, uMississippi alligator udla ngezilwane ezikwazi ukubamba. Ukudla kwalezi ezihubhayo kususelwa ezinhlanzini, ama-amphibians kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Imenyu ihlala ifaka phakathi izilo ezihlukahlukene - izinyoka, izimfudu, kanye nama-alligators amancane. Ngokungafani nezingwenya zangempela, ama-alligators angamasimu anonya, kwesinye isikhathi adla "abantu bezizwe".
Ngendlala, laba abazidlayo bayakwazi ukudla konke okuza ngendlela yabo - ukusuka ekutholweni kuya ezilwaneni ezinkulu ngokwanele, kufaka phakathi abantu. Ama-alligators aseMississippian ahlasela abantu hhayi kaningi - lezi ezihuquzelayo zithathwa njengezinobungozi kakhulu kunezingwenya ezihlanganisiwe noma zeNayile, noma kunjalo, amaqiniso abhalwe phansi anele.
Abancane baneliswa inyamazane encane - kusuka ezinambuzaneni, ama-mollusks kanye nama-crustaceans, kuya ezinhlanzini eziphakathi nendawo. Lezi ezihuquzelayo zithanda ukuya ekuzingeleni ebumnyameni, zisebenzisa amaqhinga okuqamekisa.

Bafinyelela ebusheni ngobude bomzimba obungaphezu kwama-180 cm, lapho beneminyaka engu-10 - 12 ubudala. Zizala ngokubekwa kweqanda, ngenkathi insikazi yakhela isidleke, lapho izalela khona amaqanda angamashumi amahlanu (inani eliphakeme kakhulu eliyi-88). Imidlalo yokuhlanisa kuma-allissators aseMississippi iqala entwasahlobo (Ephreli-Meyi), ngokushisa kwamanzi, kanti umkhuba wenzeka ebusuku. Abesilisa abadumile nge "fidelity" - esizindeni sayo umuntu wesilisa angakwazi ukufaka abesilisa abambalwa. Ngamunye wabesilisa abakhulu "ungumnikazi" wawo "umhlaba" onendawo engaba amamitha-skwele amathathu. km., lapho ukufinyelela kwamanye "abesilisa" kungavunyelwe ngaphansi kosongo lokuphindisela.
Isikhathi sokufakelwa kokuvuthwa kweqanda singaphezu kwezinyanga ezimbili.I-Hatching alligators, enobukhulu obuyi-15-20 cm, iqala ukwenza ukubhoboza, imisindo egoqekayo, bese kuthi owesimame asize, esiza ukuphuma esidlekeni. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinde kakhulu (kusuka ezinyangeni eziningana kuya eminyakeni emibili) zikhula futhi zikhule ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukamama wazo, bese ziqala impilo yokuzimela yokuzimela.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-alligators aseMississippi ayizilwane “ezikhuthekayo” - abesilisa abadala bangaba nomsindo omkhulu, bekhumbula ukubhonga kwenjini ye-jet. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, imihlangano yama-alligator inyakazisa ngokoqobo amazwe abo ngamaparele ezithulu.

I-alligator yabantu abadala ayinazo cishe izitha zemvelo. Intsha kufanele igweme ingozi yokudliwa noma ukubulawa ngabaningi bezinyamazane - izinyoni ezinkulu zamaxhaphozi, ama-raccoon, ama-lynxes, futhi, njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, ngisho nezizwe ezinkulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, ama-allissators aseMississippi angaphila isikhathi eside ngokwanele - iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu (kunemibiko yamacala okuhlala ekudingisweni kuze kube cishe iminyaka engama-70 ubudala.

Isimo senani lalezi zilwane endaweni njengamanje sizinzile, ngakho-ke, izinhlobo I-Alligator mississippiensis isimo semvelo esabelwe I-LC - okubangela ukukhathazeka okuncane.

I-Mississippi Alligator Kubukeka

Ubude bomzimba we-alligator yabantu abadala be-Mississippian busuka kumamitha amane kuya ku-4,5, abantu abaqabuki ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-5 ubude.

Kodwa-ke, lezi zibalo zihlobene nabesilisa, kuyilapho izinsikazi zingadluli kumamitha ayi-3. Isisindo esimaphakathi se-Mississippi alligator singama-200-300 kilogalamu.

Isibalo se-alligator sibanzi, isicaba futhi sibude. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuma-alligators ahlala ekudingisweni, i-muzzle ibanzi ngokuqhathaniswa nabantu basendle, okuhambisana nezimpawu zokudla okunempilo. Amakhala asemaphethelweni esiqalo, ngakho-ke i-alligator ingaphefumula lapho umzimba wonke ungaphansi kwamanzi.

Ama-allissators aseMississippian angaba ezinhlotsheni ezi-2: amafushane futhi abanzi futhi acacile futhi amade, izici ezinjalo zokwakheka zincike ezimfanelweni zokudla kanye nesimo sezulu.

Lezi ezihuquzelayo zinezisila zemisipha eyisicaba. Maphakathi nomzimba kunemigqa engu-8 emide yemikhawulo yesikhumba. Kunezihlangu ezi-4 ngemuva kwekhanda. Amapulangwe amathambo adlula ezinhlangothini zomzimba.

I-Mississippi Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis).

Imilenze imfushane, emilenzeni yangaphambili kuneminwe emi-5, kanti emilenzeni yangemuva - 4. Phakathi kweminwe emilenzeni yangaphambili kukhona ulwelwesi lokubhukuda. Kunamazinyo angama-78-80 emlonyeni. Lapho umlomo uvaliwe, imiphetho yomhlathi ongenhla ivalwa ngamazinyo aphansi, afakwe ezitolo ezikhethekile ezisehlathini elingaphezulu. Isakhiwo esinje somhlathi sibonisa kuphela ama-alligators, kepha kwizingwenya kanye nama-gavials akuyona into exakile, amazinyo abo angena kuma-grooves akhiwe ngaphandle komhlathi ongenhla.

Umbala ojwayelekile womzimba ongenhla uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti isisu sivele siphuzi. Ku-alligators yenani lasentshonalanga, elihlukaniswe empumalanga, imihlathi izungezwe imigqa emhlophe, futhi umbala umsila nomzimba ulula.

Abantu abasha bafana ngokuphelele nama-alligator we-pike yabantu abadala, kodwa emzimbeni omnyama banemivimbo ephuzi ephuzi eqondile, ebanikeza ngemfihlo enhle. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imivimbo iyaphela futhi ibe nsundu yomnqumo noma imnyama, isikhumba esizungeze umlomo sihlala simhlophe ngokushibhile. Amehlo aluhlaza, omnqumo noma eminye imibala.

Yize i-alligator inama-paws acashile ngokufana, isakwazi ukubamba isisulu ekuhambeni okusheshayo.

Indlela Yokuphila ye-Pike Alligator

Isikhathi sokuphila se-allissators sikaMississippi sihlala isikhathi eside impela: kwabhalwa ukuthi umuntu oyedwa uphila iminyaka engama-66. I-alligator yafika e-zoo eSouth Australia ngo-1914, lapho yayineminyaka emi-2, futhi yasinda ngo-1978. Kepha kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi ama-pike alligators athunjiwe angaphila iminyaka engama-85.

Ama-alligators aseMississippian ahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene lapho kunamanzi amasha, kuyilapho ethanda ukuhamba kancane. Bahlala ezixhotsheni, amachibi, amachibi, imifula. Emanzini anosawoti, awakwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside, kepha isikhathi esithile angakwazi ukuhlala ezixhotsheni zemisinga eseNingizimu Florida. Imvamisa zitholakala eduze kwezindlu zabantu.

Ama-alligator ama-Pike akhulumisana ngezwi ngalinye: izingane zenza imisindo emincane, futhi abantu abavuthiwe bayabubula kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuzala. Labo abezwe izwi le-alligator bethi lifana nokuqhuma okude noma ukuduma, futhi lapho zonke izingqungqulu ziqala “izingoma” zazo, indawo yokubhukuda iyaqala ukunyakaze.

Amakhala emaphethelweni esiqalo abekwe ngendlela yokuthi avumele i-alligator ebukhali ebunjiwe ukuba iphefumule lapho ikhanda lonke lingaphansi kwamanzi.

Ama-alligator asanda kuzalwa kanye nezilwane ezincane ahlaselwa izinyoni ezinkulu ezibhukuqayo, ama-lynxes, ama-raccoon, kanye nezilwane ezihuqayo ezindala; kwabesilisa, ukuqubuka kwensangu kuvamile. Ngosizo lwe-muzzle kanye nomsila oqinile, ama-alligators agaya izimbobo ogwini olubukeka njengemihubhe exhumekile engamamitha angama-36 ubude. Le mikhondo iphela ngekhamera. Umgodi ugcwele udaka, lapho ichibi lomile futhi liphuma phakathi nenkathi yemvula, i-alligator iyahamba iyofuna echibini elisha elisha. Emabeleni, ama-alligators acasha ngesikhathi sengozi futhi azithinta kuwo. Imvamisa, amaduna amadala ahlala emigodini efanayo unyaka nonyaka.

Ngokuvamile, ama-allissators aseMississippi akhetha ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa, ahlala ngokuzikhandla eneminyaka eyi-2 kuphela. Abesifazane bahlala ezindaweni ezincane, futhi indawo yendawo yokudla yabesilisa ingadlula amahektha angama-20. Izindawo ezenzelwe abesilisa nabesifazane ziyagcwala.

Ukuzingela ama-alligators we-pike nokudla kwabo

Lezi zidla, zidla ikakhulu izinhlanzi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ziyahlasela, njengakwezinye izingwenya, ezinye izilwane. Abantu abadala bahlasela cishe noma yisiphi isidalwa esisemhlabeni nesasemanzini. Isisekelo sokudla kwama-pig alligator abantu abadala izinyoka, izimfudu, izinhlanzi, izinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezihlobo ezincane. Uma kukhona izindlu zabantu eduzane, khona-ke ama-alligators angahlasela izilwanyana ezifuywayo.

Ama-alligator asemancane adla izinambuzane zasemanzini, ama-crustaceans, amasele nezinhlanzi ezincane; ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukudla kwawo kuyahluka kakhulu.

Kubantu, akubeki usongo olukhulu, kepha uma uvusa isilwanyana esidliwayo esinamandla, khona-ke kungahlasela. Ezindaweni lapho abantu bondla ama-alligator, bayingozi kakhulu, ngoba bajaha umuntu ukuthola ukudla kuye. Uma i-alligator ilambile, futhi ukudla kunganele, khona-ke ayikunaki ukugcwala.

Ukuziphatha kokuzingela kwama-alligator aseMississippi kuncike ekushiseni kwamanzi: kumazinga okushisa angaphansi kwama-20-23 degrees, umsebenzi wawo uyancipha futhi isifiso sabo sokudla sincipha kakhulu. Izinga lokushisa elilungele kubo lingama-32- 35 degrees, futhi izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kwama-38 degrees liyabhubhisa ngabo.

I-alligator idonsa isisulu esikhulu, futhi ngemuva kokubulala iyaphula izicucu. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, bakhombisa ukubekezela okumangazayo: ukubeka kuphela amehlo namakhala emanzini, balinda amahora abo abahlukumezayo. Lapho i-alligator icwila, emakhaleni ayo avalwe ngokuqinile yimiphetho yesikhumba se-hermetic, ngenkathi ukujikeleza kwegazi kumile emzimbeni wonke. Esikhathini esiningi, ngesikhathi sokuqhuma okungama-20 kokuqala, i-alligator isebenzisa uhhafu womoya wayo we-oksijini, bese ichitha yonke eminye imizuzu eyi-100 elandelayo.

Ama-alligators, uma eqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye, anokulimala okuqinile, ngosizo lwemisipha yawo enamandla bayakwazi ukuluma igobolondo lesifufula.

Ama-alligator ama-pike abantu abadala ikakhulukazi azingela emanzini. Bafinya izisulu zabo ziphelele.

U-ALLIGATOR NO-MAN

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, ama-alligator amaningi aseMississippi aqothulwa kangangokuba asatshiswa ngokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Abantu babeqothula i-alligator yesikhumba sabo.

Eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu yekhulu le-XX e-United States, kwaqalwa uhlelo lokugcina lezi zilwanyane. Ukuzingela kwakungavunyelwe, futhi kancane kancane inani lalaba bantu abazingelayo labuyiselwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, ama-alligator ande kakhulu kangangokuba ukudubula okulawulwayo kwavunyelwa, inhloso yawo kwakuwukugcina amanani awo esezingeni elithile.

Ukusikisela

Zonke izingquza zishiswa ebusuku. Abesilisa bakhipha umsindo omkhulu odonsa ukunaka kwabesifazane. Owesilisa uvame ukuba mkhulu kakhulu kunowesifazane. Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, ubhukuda kancane eduze kwesithandwa sakhe, abese ebhukuda asondele kuye, abambe imihlathi yakhe abambe wonke amathanga akhe kusuka phezulu. Ngemuva kwalokhu, umusi ucwiliswa kancane emanzini bese kuba kuphela komanyolo.

Ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda, insikazi yakhela isidleke. Ifana nendunduma yotshani namagatsha. Ububanzi besigaxa esinjalo bungamamitha ayi-1.5, futhi ukuphakama kungamamitha ayi-0.5. Ngaphezulu, kwenziwa ikhefu lapho insikazi ibekela amaqanda, imboze ngotshani obuvela phezulu. Ngesikhathi sokubola kotshani lapho isidleke senziwa khona, kuphuma ukushisa okudingekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwamawundlu. Le nkathi iyingozi kuzalo zalezi ezihubhayo: uma izinga lamanzi likhuphuka, isidleke sizoba ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi wonke amawundlu azokufa nakanjani. Amawundlu e-Alligator abukeka njengamakhophi amancane wabazali bawo futhi aqhamukela ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-2-3.

Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, insikazi ihlala eduze kwesidleke futhi iqaphe amaqanda ayo, ixosha bonke ababonakala eduzane.

Ngaphambi kokubekwa, amawundlu aqala ukugoba. Umama ugaya isidleke. Insikazi ifingqa amaqanda phakathi kolwanga nolimi, iphule igobolondo, isize amathole ukuba azikhulule. Izingane zingamamitha angama-20 kuphela ubude, kepha seziyakwazi ukubhukuda ngokukhululeka. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kowesifazane, izingane zibhukuda endaweni yokukhosela, lapho zichitha khona izinyanga zokuqala zempilo.

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-pig alligators

Isikhathi sokuzala ama-pig alligators siba ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. Izinsikazi zikulungele ukuzala ngonyaka we-6 wokuphila, lapho zikhula zaba ngamamitha angama-1,8 ubude, amaduna aqala ukuzala kungaphelanga neminyaka eyi-10-12, lapho efinyelela kumamitha angama-3.1 ubude.

Ngenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa bajikeleza ezigabeni zabo, banikine amakhanda futhi bashaya amaza emanzini, ngasikhathi sinye bakhipha ukubabaza okukhulu futhi bashiye amamaki okuhogela okuvela emithanjeni ye-musk. Lapho insikazi ibubula, owesilisa ahambe ayohlangana naye. Ngesikhathi sokuhlobisa amasiko, izilwane ezihuquzelayo ziklabha emhlane noma zibambe imihlathi yazo. Babukana ebusuku.

Kwabesifazane nabesilisa be-Allissippi alligator, ingemuva limbozwe ngezihlangu zamathambo "ezinamakhono".

Ilungiselela ukubeka amaqanda, insikazi yenza isidleke, imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwehlobo, lapho imanzi futhi ifudumele. Imvamisa, izidleke zakhiwa minyaka yonke kwezinye izindawo. Kwesinye isikhathi insikazi igaya isidleke bese kuthi ngesizathu esithile ishiye, bese kuthi enye intokazi iyithathe ngenjabulo.

Insikazi ibekela amaqanda angama-20 kuye kwangama-60, esikhathini esiningi kuma-clutch kukhona amaqanda angama-40-45, kepha inani labo eliphakeme lifinyelela izingcezu ezingama-88. Izindunduma yizindunduma ezikhuphuka ngaphezu kwamanzi, uma isidleke sesikhukhumele, amaqanda azofa kungakapheli amahora ayi-12.

Kuyo yonke inkathi yokufakwa, okuthatha izinsuku ezingama-65, insikazi yaseMississippi igada i-clutch. Itholakala esikhathini esiningi eduze esidlekeni, isuka kude nayo ngamamitha ayi-150.

Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, ama-alligator we-pike amancane aqala ukugwinya, okuheha insikazi, igaya ubumba olunzima bese izingane ziphuma, uma umama engenaso isikhathi sokumba izingane, zizofa, ngoba zona ngokwazo azikwazi ukuphuma. Udlulisela izingane emilonyeni yazo, abantu abangu-8-10 ngasikhathi sinye, kwisithando esikhethwe ngaphambilini. Emanzini, umisa umhlathi wakhe anikine ikhanda ukuze amathole aphume.

Uma indawo yabo yokuhlala yoma, ama-alligator athuthela kwenye indawo, kwesinye isikhathi esebenzisa amachibi okubhukuda njengesiphephelo.

Umama onakekelayo uhlala eduze kwezingane izinyanga ezimbili, ezivikela ezitheni. Ama-alligator asanda kuzalwa agcinwa ngamaqembu amancane, kuyilapho amawundlu avela kwabesifazane abehlukene angahlangana.

Ukukhula okusha kuhlala kuseduze nendawo yokubekelwa phansi iminyaka engaba mibili. Kuwo wonke unyaka wokuqala wokuphila, insikazi isabela ngokushesha izibonakaliso ezethusayo zezingane zayo futhi igijimele ukuyosizwa. Naphezu kokugcinwa kwabazali, cishe ama-80% ezilwanyane ezisencane ziyafa. Kwesinye isikhathi izizukulwane ezi-3 zowesifazane oyedwa angahlala echibini elilodwa.

IZICWANGCISO ZOKUTHOLAKALA

U-Alligator uchitha ingxenye enkulu yempilo yakhe ezixhaphozini nasemifuleni yezwe lakhe. Ihlala ezifundeni ezinomswakama futhi oshisayo. Kwezinye izindawo, izinga lamanzi lishintsha kakhulu, ngakho-ke bafunda ukumba amachibi nokuwagcina ngesikhathi sesomiso. Ama-Alligator asula imizimba yamanzi enezimbali eziningi ngokweqile nesithwathwa esikhulu, siyicindezela ngasogwini.

Izinto zokuphumula ezenziwa ama-alligator ziyadingeka kwezinye izilwane eza emgodini wokuthambisa. Amanye ala machibi amancane axhumeke ngamashubhu angaphansi komhlaba angaphansi komhlaba. Izinga lokushisa kule misele lihlala lingashintshiwe unyaka wonke, ngakho ama-alligators acasha kuwo engozini futhi achitha ubusika lapha.

I-Pike alligators kanye nabantu

Eminyakeni emi-2 yokuphila, ubude bomzimba we-allissators kaMississippi bufika kumamitha ayi-2, kusukela kulowo mzuzu kuqhubeke, cishe akekho okwaziyo ukubasongela, ngaphandle komuntu. Maqondana nokuqothulwa kwenqwaba yama-pike alligators, inani lezinhlobo lancishiswa kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, eLouisiana kuphela, abacishe babe yingxenye yesigidi sikaMississippi ababhujiswa ngeminyaka engu-17.

Ama-Alligator asusa phansi kwamachibi amancane e-algae kanye nokungcola, abavimbe ukuba bangakhuli ngo-silt, bakhe izindawo zokunisela ezinye izilwane.

Izinyamazane ze-Pike zizingelwa isikhumba sazo, ezibiza kakhulu .. Namuhla eCalifornia nase-Arkansas lezi ezihuquzelayo zitshalwa emapulazini akhethekile ezingwenya. Zibuye zifuyelwe eFlorida, lapho ama-alligators asebenza njengokuheha izivakashi ezondla izinyamazane. IFlorida inabantu abaningi kunabo bonke bezimbokodo, futhi kuye kwaba ngisho nokuhlaselwa kwezilwane ezi-5 kubantu abaphetha ngokufa.

Njengamanje, inani labasiki be-Mississippi lizinzile, linabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi. Njengamanje akhishwe kuNcwadi Ebomvu.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

YINI UKUDLA

Ama-Alligators adla izilwane ezahlukene ngokuya ngeminyaka nangesisindo. Amathole adla imifantu, izinambuzane, ama-tadpoles namaxoxo, atholakala ezingwadunge. Inyama yonke igwinyiwe luphelele. Njengoba bekhula, baqala ukudla izinhlanzi nezinyoka, futhi ngaphambi nje kokufikisa badla izinhlanzi kuphela.

Imenyu yama-alligators amadala ihluke kakhulu: ama-raccoon nama-muskrats afika emgodini wokuphuza, abamba ngokungathi shu njengezifudu noma izinyoka. Ama-Waterfowl awancishwa ukunakwa.

Ama-alligators azingela ikakhulu emanzini, kuyaqabukela ehamba olwandle. Izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane zigwinywe ziphelele, kunesikhumba kanye nejazi. Babamba izilwane ezinkulu ezinemihlathi yabo bese bezidonsela ngaphansi kwamanzi. Bese beziklebhula zibe yizicucu futhi zigwinye izingcezu, ngoba amazinyo alesi silwanyana esidlekayo akavumelani nokuhlafuna ukudla.

IZIVIVINYO EZIJWAYELEKILE

Ama-Alligators ahlukile kwizingwenya ikakhulukazi ngesimo sekhanda: inekhanda elibanzi, elisicaba nelicishe libushelelezi. Emhlabeni ihamba kancane, kepha emanzini ibhukuda kalula futhi ngokungafanele futhi iphenduka inyamazane enesibindi. Ekudingisweni, uphila iminyaka engama-85.

Bahlala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States. Afinyelela kubude bamamitha ayi-5-8. Ahlala emanzini amasha futhi angaboli. Umbala womzimba we-alligator uvame ukuba mpunga ngokuhlaza okotshani obunamabala amnyama, ingxenye engezansi yomzimba iphuzi. Owesifazane we-alligator wakha isidleke se-algae notshani obudabula ogwini lwechibi, lapho ebekela khona amaqanda angama-20 kuye kwangama-40. Iqapha i-clutch, bese isiza izingwenya ezincane ukuba ziphume emaqandeni futhi zizingenise emlonyeni wazo endaweni yokugcina ekhethiwe, lapho zivikela khona inzalo yazo izinyanga eziningana. Ukudla okuyinhloko izinhlanzi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuhlasela nezilwane, izinyoni nezinye izilwane.

Amaqiniso ATHANDAYO

• Amadlozi ama-alligator, ama-caimans, izingwenya zangempela nama-gavials abephila eminyakeni engama-225-65 edlule.
• Manje kunezinhlobo ezingama-21 zezingwenya. Bonke bahlala ezindaweni ezifudumele.
• Igama "alligator" livela egameni lesiSpanish elithi "lizard".
• I-allissator yaseMississippi yaziwa nangokuthi i-alligator yaseMelika.

BONKE abaqondisi kanye nama-Crocodiles

I-allissator yaseMississippi kanye nengwenya yaseMelika zitholakala endaweni eyodwa. Lezi zinhlobo zombili ziyafana, kepha ingwenya yaseMelika incane kune-alligator. Umlomo wengwenya umude futhi ukhombe kancane. I-Crocodile ijwayelekile kune-alligator. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zihlukaniswa kalula ngesimo sekhanda nokuthi amazinyo awo aphezulu abonakala ngaphandle.

I-alligator inomlomo obanzi futhi omfushane. Amazinyo akhe wesine, njengengwenya, angena ekusikeni komhlathi ongaphezulu, kepha awabonakali ngaphandle.

Engubeni, amazinyo wesine womhlathi ophansi makhulu kakhulu kunamanye. Bangena ukusika okukhethekile kwe-lateral yomhlathi ongenhla, futhi bayabonakala ngisho noma umlomo uvaliwe.

- Indawo yokuhlala ye-allissator yaseMississippi

Ihlala ngamanani amakhulu kuphela emaxhaphozini nasezigungwini zezifunda ezifudumele zasempumalanga ye-United States, ikakhulukazi e-Everglades City eFlorida, ezifundazweni zaseGeorgia nase-Alabama.

UKUVIKELA NOKUVIKELA

Ngenxa yokuvikelwa okusebenzayo, le nhlobo yasindiswa ekuqothulweni. Manje isibalo sazo sizinzile.

Uthathe umgadli wase-America. I-Brave Wilderness ngesiRashiya. Ividiyo (00:05:26)

I-allissator yaseMississippi, noma i-alligator yaseMelika, ingenye yezinhlobo ezimbili ezaziwayo (i-Chinese). Ihlala eNyakatho Melika. Lesi silwane siyisilwane esikhulu esibuhlungu esinjengengwenya esihlala emizimbeni yamanzi angenamanzi amnandi njengamachibi, imifula kanye namaxhaphozi e-cypress ukusuka eTexas kuye eNorth Carolina.Ama-alligators adla izinyamazane adla izinhlanzi, ama-amphibians, ama-repitles, izinyoni kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Abantu abasanda kuzalwa badla ikakhulu ama-invertebrates.
Lesi silwane siyisilwane esiphilayo sakwamanye amazwe amathathu aseMelika: IFlorida, iLouisiana neMississippi.
Kule vidiyo sizobona ukuthi ungayibamba kanjani i-alligator ngendlela ephephile. Sizoyibheka sisuka kude kakhulu, futhi futhi sijwayelane nekhono layo eliyingqayizivele

Izingwenya kanye nama-Alligators. Ividiyo (00:03:02)

Izingwenya kanye nama-Alligator

I-Crocodiles (lat. Crocodilia) - ukuthathwa kwama-vertebrates asemanzini (okuvame ukuba ngeqembu le- "repitles"). Kukholakala ukuthi izingwenya zavela eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-250 edlule esikhathini se-Triassic. Kwezinto eziphilayo, izihlobo eziseduzane zezingwenya ziyizinyoni (izihlobo eziseduze noma izizukulwane zama-archosaurs). Zonke izingwenya zamanje ziyizidlakudla ezingamanzi ezisebenzisa amanzi, eduze namanzi, kanye nezilwane eza emgodini wokuphuza ukudla.

I-Alligator (lat.Alligator) - uhlobo oluhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili zesimanje kuphela: i-American noma i-Mississippi alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) ne-Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis).

Bahlukile kunabanye abamele i-oda lezingwenya ku-muzzle ebanzi, futhi amehlo abo atholakala dorsally (engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba). Umbala wezinhlobo zombili ezaziwayo umnyama, uvame ukucishe ube mnyama, kepha kuya ngombala wamanzi azungezile - phambi kwe-algae, kungaba luhlaza ngokwengeziwe. Uma amanzi aqukethe okuqukethwe okukhulu kwe-tannic acid kusuka ezihlahleni ezingaphezulu, umbala uba mnyama. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezingwenya zangempela (iCroccodylus), amazinyo angaphezulu kuphela abonakala kuma-alligator ngomhlathi ovaliwe, yize kwabanye abantu amazinyo edukile ukuze lokhu kukhombise ubunzima.