I-burbot inomzimba omude futhi ophansi, emuva icindezelwa ngokuqinile kusuka ezinhlangothini, ngaphambili kaningi okuphambene - nxazonke. Umlomo mkhulu, kukhona amadevu esilevini, kukhona futhi amadevu emhlathini ongenhla. Amehlo mancane, ikhanda liyisicaba. Umbala we-burbot uhlukile, imvamisa kukhona onsundu omnyama noma omnyama no grey. Ngobudala, i-burbot iyaqina. Kukhona amabala akhanyayo ezinhlangothini, usayizi wawo nendlela okwakheke ngayo kungahluka. Amaphiko, njengesisu, akhanya.

Umbala we-burbot uncike emngceleni wamanzi (ukuvela, ukukhanya), umbala nokwakheka kwenhlabathi, nezinye izinto ezingabalulekile kangako. Kunoma ikuphi, akunakwenzeka ukudidanisa i-burbot nenye inhlanzi, ngoba ihluke kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu.

Indawo yokuhlala ibanzi kakhulu - konke lokhu kuyizinto ezinwebekayo, enyakatho kwezindawo ezingama-40. Ihlala cishe yonke insimu yase-Eurasia, etholakala e-Alaska. Kodwa-ke, ukuthi le mpilo iseningizimu ibhebhetheka kanjani, noma kuncane kangakanani, lokhu kungenxa yobuntu bendlela yayo yokuphila, esizokhuluma ngayo ngezansi.

IBurbot inamaphini amabili e-dorsal: ngaphambili kufushane, ingemuva lide kakhulu, lingalingana nengxenye yobude bomzimba wezinhlanzi. I-anal fin nayo yinde futhi icishe ilingane ne-dorsal. I-caudal fin inesimo esiyindilinga.

Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat

IBurbot ingenye yezinhlanzi ezinkulu kunazo zonke emndenini we-cod. Izinkulungwane zabadobi zilinda ubusika unyaka ngamunye ukuze ziqale ukuzingela okuthule. Ngempela, le nhlanzi ihlukaniswa ngosayizi wayo ohlukile nosisindo, njengoba kufakazelwa yiminingi isithombe se-burbot, futhi inyama yayo ayishibhile, enikeza abadobi ithuba elihle lokwenza imali enhle.

I-Habitat nezici

Izinhlanzi zeBurbot unomzimba omncane omude ngaphandle kwesikali namabala, umbala onsundu. Ubukhulu nombala wezindawo kumuntu ngamunye kukhethekile futhi akunakuphindwa. Ngaphambili, umzimba uphakeme futhi uncishisiwe, futhi emuva uyindilinga ngokuqinile.

Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uzuze ukumelana okuncane kwamanzi ngesikhathi sokuhamba okusheshayo futhi ivumela i-burbot ukuthi iqondane kahle nokugeleza okuzayo nokufihla ngokungafanele ekubekweni kwamatshe nasemadwaleni.

Ikhanda le-burbot lincane futhi liphansi, linobume obucashile. Umlomo mkhulu ngokwanele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umuntu omdala udla izinhlanzi ezincane. Amazinyo ama-Chitinous avumela ukuhlafuna ukudla ngaphambi kokugwinya.

I-Chitin antennae isebenze njengezitho ezengeziwe zokuthinta. Kukhona ezimbili ezimfishane nezinde ezinde; zozithathu zingaphambi kwekhanda. Lokhu kubavumela ukuba bakwazi ukuhamba ebumnyameni, ngaphandle kokubuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abadala bane usayizi wamehlo amancane kakhulu, ngakho-ke lolu hlobo lwenhlanzi alunawo amandla okubona.

IBurbot - Le yinhlanzi ehlala kuphela emanzini amasha. By the way, lokhu kuwukuphela kwezinhlanzi zomndeni we-cod onale mpahla umgqomo kuvame ukubonwa ngaphakathi imifula. Kodwa awukwazi ukuthola i-burbot kuwo wonke umzimba wamanzi: kubalulekile ukuthi amanzi ahlanzekile, acacile futhi avuselelwa njalo.

Indawo enodaka nayo izoba yisithiyo sempilo nokuzala kabusha kwe-burbot: kuyadingeka ukuthi ibe nesihlabathi, itshe futhi ingangcoliswa udoti, amabhodlela neminye iminonjana yokuba khona komuntu.

Ukudla kwe-Burbot nendlela yokuphila

IBurbot inomsebenzi oguquguqukayo unyaka wonke. Umsebenzi wawo ngokuqondile kuncike ekushiseni kwamanzi nasendaweni ahlala kuyo. Isibonelo, uma ihlobo lishisa kakhulu, kanti ubusika bufudumele ngokungajwayelekile, awukwazi ukulinda ukuqhakaza ngonyaka onjalo.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle ikakhulukazi, i-burbot ingahle ibonakale kuze kufike lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphansi. Noma kunjalo, noma ngesikhathi sokuphefumula okunjalo, i-burbot iyaqhubeka nokondla, ingakabi ngenkuthalo njengoba isenkathini enkulu yokuphila.

Njengoba ungahle uqagele, ezifundeni ezisenyakatho isikhathi esisebenzayo sinde kakhulu kunasesinye. Isikhathi sokondla futhi sikude kakhulu, ngakho-ke bakhula ngokushesha enyakatho futhi baphindaphindeka ngokwengeziwe ngenkuthalo.

Ukugaya okusebenzayo ku-burbot kuqala kuphela emazingeni okushisa wamanzi angaphansi kwamazinga okushisa ayishumi, ngakho-ke, umsebenzi omkhulu kunayo yonke umgqomo imibukiso ebusika. Eqinisweni, ngenxa yokugaya ukudla okusebenzayo, indlala ivela kakhulu ekuqaleni, futhi i-burbot iyofuna ukudla.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho kushisa inhlanzi ilele phansi ilinde izikhathi ezingcono, futhi lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lisondele kumadigri angama-30, iyafa ngokuphelele.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Isikhathi sokuphila kuka-burbot sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-24. Iminyaka embalwa yokuqala yokuphila iphaka ikakhulu ku-fry, plankton encane nakwezinye izakhamuzi zasemanzini ezilula.

Ngemuva kwalokho kuqala ushintsho olubushelelezi ekudleni kwezinhlanzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuzingela kwenziwa kaningi ebusuku, okukuvumela ukuthi uhehe izinhlanzi ngokuphumelelayo nemisindo kanye nezithiyelo.

Ngokuqondene nokuzalela, ukuqhuma kwe-burbot kuvame amahlandla amabili kuya kwayisihlanu empilweni yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iminyaka yokuqalwa kwekhono lokukhiqiza kabusha ingahluka futhi incike esifundeni sendawo yokuhlala futhi isukela eminyakeni emi-2 kuye kwengama-8. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kunengxenye eqondile phakathi kwendawo yaleyo ndawo kanye nobudala bokuthomba: inyakatho yendawo yokuhlala, ephakeme kulonyaka.

I-Burbot spawning Kuhlala kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha futhi kudlule ikakhulukazi lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lincane futhi lisondele kuma-0 degrees, ngakho-ke kungenzeka kakhulu ukubamba ukuqhuma kwezifunda zasenyakatho nezifunda. Ukwenza ubusika kwenzeka ezindaweni ezinamanzi acwebile ahlanzekile, isihlabathi esihlanzekile noma amatshe amaningi kanye ne-pebble floor.

Ukudoba iBurbot

Ukubamba i-burbot kugijima ngokulinganayo ngokuzithandela ebusika nasehlobo. Mayelana, indlela yokubamba i-burbot, abadobi abanolwazi bazazi kahle: kufanele wazi izindawo lapho kungenzeka khona ukubamba le nhlanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokusho kwabo, ukuluma kuzokwenzeka kaningi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi luhlobo luni lolothi kanye nemishini esetshenziswayo. Kukhona futhi umbono wokuthi lapho intengo yokudoba ibiza kakhulu kanye nezinhlungu, kuyabiza kakhulu ithuba lokuphumelela.

Ukwazi izici ze-burbot, kwanele ukumane nje udonse iziphetho ezimbalwa ezizosiza umdobi aqonde izici zokudotshwa kwale nhlanzi. Ithiphu yokuqala - bamba lapho kubanda.

Njengoba kwaziwa, abantu bebodwa bathola umsebenzi wokuphakama futhi ikakhulukazi indlala enzima kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya kuMeyi. Kodwa-ke, ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, lapho ngisho nasehlobo izinga lokushisa lingavamisile ukukhuphuka ngaphansi kwe-zero, noma ngoJulayi kukhona ithuba lokubanjiswa okukhulu.

Isikhathi esihle sosuku ubusuku. Uma uqala ukudoba ngokuqala kobumnyama, lapho kufika ukupholisa nomsindo wansuku zonke uyeka, izinhlanzi zizophuma endaweni yokukhosela ziyofuna ukudla futhi zigwinye ibheythi ngezinga lemvelo. Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi libonakala kuze kube ngu-5 ekuseni, khona-ke ukudoba kufanele kumiswe.

Futhi umzuzu obalulekile kuzoba ukukhethwa okufanele kwemishini edingekayo. Ehlobo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinduku zokudoba ezingezansi kuzoba okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabadobi. Noma kunjalo kaningi ukudoba ama-burbot kuqhubeka ukusonteka ngisho nokuntanta okuvamile.

Ungabamba i-burbot kokubamba ubusika kanye nasentwasahlobo.

I-burbot yabantu abadala ithanda ukudoba ngeheythi ebukhoma, kepha uma kunesidingo ukuheha abantu abasha, kuzoba ngcono ukusebenzisa i-fry noma isibungu njengesiheyizi. Enye indlela yokubheja ephilayo ingaba ama-mormyshka noma ama-baubles. Into esemqoka ukuthi ulingisa isheyiphu ebukhoma ngangokunokwenzeka futhi wenza umsindo omkhulu.

Ukudoba ubusika kuyindlela main futhi ithela kakhulu yokudoba. Uma ehlobo kuvame ukuqhamuka esikebheni (ngoba kusetshenziswa ama-baubles) i-burbot ebusika babanjwa ngokukhethekile ngeheythi ebukhoma, ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ezazimbiwa ngaphambili eqhweni.

Njengoba izinduku zokudoba zisebenzisa izinduku noma izimbambo zokudoba nge-bait bukhoma. Ukusuka ogwini lwe-burbot, ungadonsela insimbi noma isibani esibukhali esinyenyeni. Ehlobo, i-bonfire nayo ingakhiwa ngalezi zinhloso.

Intengo yeBurbot

Indawo yokuhlala isibhamu idinga inani elikhulu ngokwanele, okuthi, ngokubumbene, kube yizimo ezikahle empilweni yale nhlanzi. Kodwa-ke, ikhwalithi yamanzi kanye nobumsulwa bezansi cishe yonke indawo kushiya kufiswa kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, muva nje, izibalo zikhombisa ngokusobala ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu abangama-burbot eRussia kaninginingi. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi i-burbot njengomthombo wokudla kanye nesithako esisemqoka ezitsheni eziningi zezinhlanzi sekuba ngumkhiqizo oqhubekayo ongabizi futhi obizayo.

Inyama yeBurbot ibaluleke kakhulu futhi ingumthombo wamavithamini amaningi. Ungayipheka kanjani i-burbot Kulungile, ngabapheki abangochwepheshe kuphela abazi. IBurbotkuphekwe kuhhavini - Lesi ngesinye sezitsha ezibiza kakhulu ezindaweni zokudlela. Noma umthengi othengisa kabusha, ikhilogremu elilodwa libiza cishe ama-ruble angama-800.

Ubumnandi bangempela isibindi se-burbot. Lo mkhiqizo unokunambitheka okubucayi ikakhulukazi futhi uthokozelwa kakhulu ngabathandi bezitsha zenhlanzi. Isibindi seBurbot sithengiswa emathini amancanyana we-tin emafutheni akhethekile futhi sihlala sigcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile.

Intengo yomkhiqizo onjalo imaphakathi nezikhathi ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa ephakeme kunaleyo burbot uqobo futhi njengamanje imelela cishe ama-ruble ayi-1 000 embizeni eyodwa.

Lokhu kungumthombo wokuthandwa okunjalo kokudotshwa kwama-burbot eRussia nakwamanye amazwe. Ukuthengiswa kwezinhlanzi ezinjalo kuhlale kuphumelela, futhi ngokubamba okuphumelela ngempela, inani elitholwa zonke izinhlanzi ezibanjiwe lidlula inani lomholo wenyanga waseRussia ophakathi.

Into esemqoka ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele kanye nobuchwepheshe bokudoba, bese ukudoba ama-burbot impela uphumelele, futhi umdobi uyoba nenhlanhla.

Indlela yokuphila yeBurbot

Le nhlanzi isebenza kuphela emanzini abandayo, ukuqhuma kuvame ukwenzeka ngoDisemba, uJanuwari noma uFebhuwari. Empeleni, kungesikhathi sasebusika lapho kwenzeka khona umsebenzi ophakeme kakhulu we-burbot. Lesi silwane esiholela ekuziphatheni kobusuku futhi sithande ukuzingela ezansi kakhulu. Uzizwa enethezekile emanzini, izinga lokushisa lakhona lingadluli kuma-degree Celsius ayi-12. Lapho amanzi eqala ukufudumala, i-burbot iba yingozi kakhulu futhi isimo saso sifana nokuhibernation. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka angadli amasonto ambalwa.

IBurbot akuwona umhlambi wezinhlanzi, kepha ngisho idlanzana labantu elingahlala endaweni eyodwa. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zithanda indlela yokuphila yodwa.

Lapho kufika ihlobo, lobhubhisi ufuna izimbobo noma ucashe ezingubeni, uthanda izindawo lapho kunezinkinobho zamakhaza. Ukuqeda ngokuphelele ukudla esimweni sezulu esishisa kakhulu, ezinsukwini ezinamafu nezibandayo ngifuna inyamazane, kepha ebusuku kuphela. Le nhlanzi ayithandi ukukhanya, ngakho-ke nasebusuku benyanga ayizizwa kahle.

IBurbot ifuna inyamazane ngosizo lokuthinta, ukuzwa nokuhogela, empeleni ayixhomekeki ekubukeni kwamehlo. Ukudla okujwayelekile yizinhlanzi ezihlala ezansi, lezi ngama-ruff kanye nama-gudgeons. Bangazidla izingane zabo. Usebenzisa ezinye izinhlanzi kancane, kepha ebusika, lapho siqaqa isimo sakhe esihle kakhulu, ngisho nezinhlanzi ezinkulu nezinamandla zingaba yisisulu sakhe.

Ukukhiqiza kabusha nokukhula kwe-burbot

Njengoba sibhale ngenhla, sizovela ngoDisemba, uJanuwari, noma kwesinye isikhathi ngoFebhuwari. Akubanjwa ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukubamba izimbumbulu ezingavimbi ukudla. Owesifazane oyedwa angakhukhulula amaqanda afinyelela esigidini, ukuqhuma kuvame ukwenzeka emanzini angajulile. Uma ubusika bufudumele, khona-ke ukuqhekeka kungelula izinsuku ezingama-30, kumasithwathwa anamandla lesi sikhathi sifushane.

Ngokwezibalo, ngokwesilinganiso kuphela izibungu eziphuma ngamaphesenti angama-0,5 omdlalo. Zikhula ngokushesha, ehlobo zingafinyelela amasentimitha ayi-10. Izinga lokukhula kwe-burbot lincike kakhulu ezimeni lapho lihlala khona, kodwa kusobala ukuthi ashesha kakhulu emizimbeni yamanzi asenyakatho. Ngokuvamile, i-burbot ingafinyelela isisindo samakhilogremu angama-30 noma ngaphezulu kanye nobude bomzimba obungaphezu kwemitha eyi-1.

Ngokwesilinganiso, ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, i-burbot ifinyelela amasentimitha angama-35 ubude nesisindo sama-gramu ayi-600. Ngonyaka wesihlanu, ifinyelela kubude bamasentimitha angama-50 futhi inesisindo esifinyelela ku-1,6 kg ngokwesilinganiso. Kodwa-ke, siyaphinda ukuthi isilinganiso sokukhula kwe-burbot emizimbeni ehlukene yamanzi singehluka ngomyalo wobukhulu.

Ungayibamba kanjani i-burbot

Ungafunda okuningi ngokubamba i-burbot ngezikhathi ezihlukile zonyaka kwezinye izihloko zalesi sigaba, kepha lapha sizokunikeza izincomo ezijwayelekile kuphela.

Kunezikhathi ezintathu ngonyaka lapho le nhlanzi isebenza kakhulu. Isikhathi sokuqala sisukela ku-Okthoba siye kumakhaza, esesibili siqala ngoDisemba kuya kuFebhuwari, esesithathu sisukela ngoMashi kuya ku-Ephreli. Ngokusekelwe kwindlela yokuphila ye-burbot, bayayibamba ikakhulukazi ebusika ezintanjeni zokudoba zasebusika. Ehlobo, ekwindla nasentwasahlobo kubanjwa ngezinduku zokudoba ezansi. Ungabamba le nhlanzi ngenduku yokuqhuma noma ngenduku yokudoba ejwayelekile kuphela ngaphandle kwenhlanhla.

Ubhavu omncane ungabanjwa phezu kwesibungu, ngoba isheyiti esikhulu, ukubheja okubukhoma kungcono kakhulu. Ungase futhi ubambe ama-baubles ebusika. Mayelana nokukhethwa kwama-baubles wasebusika bokudoba ama-burbot angatholakala kule ndatshana.

Ukuhlukaniswa

IBurbot ukuphela kwezinhlobo zohlobo lwayo umgqomookukaLotinae ongaphansi. Abaphenyi baseRussia bathi lo mqobelo ngumndeni umgqomo (Lotidae Bonaparte, 1837).

Abanye abacwaningi bacubungula izinhlobo zemonotypic, abanye bahlukanisa izingcaphuno ezingama-2-3:

1. I-Lota lota lota (uLinnaeus, 1758) - i-burbot ejwayelekile ehlala eYurophu nase-Asia ngaphambi koMfula i-Lena,
2. I-Lota lota leptura (Hubbs et Schultz, 1941) - isishubhu esinezicubu esilinganiselwe esine-Siberia ukusuka emfuleni iKara kuya eBering Strait, ugu lwe-Alaskan Arctic olusempumalanga luqonde eMfuleni iMackenzie,
3. ILota lota maculosa (Lesueur, 1817) iyi-subspecies ehlala eNyakatho Melika.

Umjikelezo wokuphila

IBurbot isebenza kakhulu emanzini abandayo. Ukuhlwayeka kwenzeka ebusika bukaDisemba - uFebhuwari; ukudoba okuphumelela kakhulu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqala kweqhwa kusuka ekuntweleni kokusa. Idla kuma-invertebrates nezinhlanzi ezincane. Abantu abadala badla izinhlanzi ezincane zezinhlanzi ezingaphansi, kanye namaxoxo, crayfish, kanye nama-mollusks. Kwangathi kungadla izilwane eziwohlayo. Ibanjwa ku-zherlitsy, ikakhulukazi ithanda i-ruff. Kunezinhlobo zombili ezihlala phansi (ezihlala emachibini kanye nemifula emincane), namafomu wokudlulela (ngokwesibonelo, umgqumo woMfula i-Ob).

Izinhlobo zama-Sedentary zivame ukuba zincane futhi zinama-tuberous.

Amafomu wesemiuli enza ukufuduka isikhathi eside (ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayinkulungwane ngonyaka). Mikhulu kakhulu (imvamisa ingaphezu kwamamitha ubude, isisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angama-6,6 nobudala kuze kube seminyakeni engu-15- 24). Abesifazane abahlali minyaka yonke, beqa isizini eyodwa noma amabili ukubuyisela ukonga amandla omzimba. Abesilisa abaningi babamba iqhaza ekusakazeni unyaka nonyaka.

I-Western Europe kanye ne-Britles Islands

Ensimini yeziqhingi zaseBrithani, izinsalela zokugqekeza zirekhodwe yonke indawo, kodwa okwamanje, burbot ayisatholakali ezindaweni zokugcina. Ukuthathwa kokugcina kwalesi silwane kwaqoshwa ngoSepthemba 14, 1969 ezindaweni eziphansi zoMfula i-Great Uz. Kuvele isimo esifanayo eBelgium, lapho le nhlobo yacekelwa khona ngeminyaka yo-1970. futhi ingalulama. Kwezinye izindawo zaseJalimane, i-burbot nayo yaqothulwa, kepha isatholakala emifuleni iDanube, i-Ruhr, i-Elbe, i-Oder neRhine, kanye naseLake Constance. Izinhlelo zokukhiqiza kabusha zeBurbot ziyaqhubeka eJalimane nase-UK.

ENetherlands, i-burbot nayo isengozini yokuqothulwa futhi abantu bayo kungenzeka banciphe. Ngesinye isikhathi, abantu abathile batholakala emifuleni yeBisbosch. , UVolkerake noKrammer, emachibini e-IJsselmeer neKetelmer. EFrance nase-Austria, i-burbot ibhekwa njengezinhlobo ezisengozini, kanti abantu bakhona bagxile eziLwandle i-Seine, i-Loire, iRhone, iMaas, iMoselle kanye namachibi athile aphakeme. IBurbot iyatholakala nakwamanye amachibi nemifula eSwitzerland, lapho abantu bayo bezinza impela. E-Italy, burbot uhlala esigodini sasePo.

ENyakatho Yurophu, eScandinavia kanye namazwe aseBaltic

IBurbot ijwayelekile ezindaweni zokugcina impahla eFinland, eSweden, eNorway, e-Estonia, eLatvia naseLithuania. Ezindongeni zaseFinland, ukwehla kwenani labantu kuyabonakala, kuhlotshaniswa nokungcoliswa kwezindawo zokuhlala, ikakhulukazi, ukuthungwa kwazo. Izizathu zokuncipha kwenani lama-burbot emanzini aseSweden ukungcola kwabo kanye nokuqina kwe-asidi, kanye nokuvela kwezinhlobo zezinye izizwe okukhona kuzo, zigxilisa owokuzalwa.

I-Eastern Europe

Inqwaba yezitokofela zemibhobho yaseSlovenia zigxile eMfuleni iDrava kanye neChibi Tserknitsa, eCzech Republic - emifuleni iMovava ne-Ohře. Ukungcoliswa kanye nokulawulwa kwemifula kudala inkinga evamile emazweni aseMpumalanga Yurophu ukunciphisa isibalo sokugqekeza. Ngakho-ke, eSlovenia, ukubanjwa kwenqobelo kuvinjelwe, eBulgaria kunikezwa isimo sezinhlobo ezingandile, eHungary - uhlobo olusengozini, ePoland inani le-burbot nalo lincishisiwe.

IRussia Federation

Engxenyeni yeRussia, i-burbot igcwele ezindaweni zokugcina iziqiwi ze-Arctic nezishisayo, emigodini yeBaltic, i-White, iBarents, iBlack and Caspian sea futhi emigodini yayo yonke imifula yaseSiberia kusuka ku-Ob kuye ku-Anadyr ngobude bawo bonke. Umngcele osenyakatho webanga le-burbot ugu lweLwandle i-Ice: luyatholakala eNhlonhlo Yamal (ngaphandle kwemifula esenyakatho), eTaimyr (isisekelo semifula yePyasina neKhatanga, iLake Taimyr), kanye naseziqhingini zaseNovosibirsk. Ebhodini le-Ob-Irtysh, lisatshalaliswa lisuka emaphethelweni aphezulu (amachibi eTeletskoye namachibi aseZaysan) liye eGulf of Ob. EChibi i-Baikal nesigodi saseYenisei sibiquitous. Kutholakala kulo lonke i-Amur basin, kanye nasezindaweni eziphakeme zoMfula i-Yalu (isizinda soLwandle oluLuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Kuvamile naseSakhalin naseShantar Islands. Ihamba ezindaweni ezisolwandle ezilusawoti ngosawoti kuze kufike ku-12 ‰.

Incazelo ejwayelekile

ICod (Gadiformes) isho izinhlobo zokudoba zasolwandle ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho. Okuwukuphela komeleli wamanzi amnandi womndeni we-cod ohlala emanzini aseRussia yi-burbot (Lotalota).

Uhla lwayo lokusatshalaliswa lusenyakatho nephakathi kweYurophu (lapho ifinyelela ogwini oluseningizimu yeFrance nengxenye esenyakatho yeNhlonhlo yeBalkan), enyakatho ye-Asia naseNyakatho Melika.

Abamele lezinhlobo banesimo somzimba we-cylindrical. Izikali ziklanywe kahle. Zonke zinesikhuhlu esikhulu, esibanzi futhi esiqhwelayo, zihlala zihlangana njalo nesizinda sedwala elingaphansi.

Le yinhlobo enegazi elibandayo. Ihlala kumachibi ajulile anamanzi acwebile futhi phansi enzima embozwe ngamatshe avela emithonjeni engaphansi komhlaba. Ebusika, uhola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo, futhi esimweni sezulu esishisayo siwela esimweni sokuxineka, ngoba akakubekezeleli ukushisa nokukhanya.

Ukubukwa kukaLot Lot kusuka emndenini weLotidae uhlala emifuleni ebandayo nasemachibini eYurophu, e-Asia, eNyakatho Melika nase-Alaska. Angaphila kokubili emanzini amasha nasemanzini angenamkhawulo futhi ehlela ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-700. Lokhu kubonwe ngombala obomvana noma onsundu, ongafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5 ubude.

Inezikali ezincane ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, i-chin antennae, i-anal fin ende kanye namaphini amabili e-dorsal. Lezi izinhlanzi ezihlala isikhathi eside, ezikhula kancane, futhi e-Alaska zivame ukungafiki eminyakeni engu-6 noma eyi-7.

Isici esibahlukanisa kwezinye izinhlanzi ezinamanzi amnandi ukuthi ziyavela phakathi noma ekugcineni kobusika.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo kuhlale kuyindaba yokuphikisana nabanye osomatekisi. Eminye imithombo ihlukanisa izinhlobo zezilwane eLotinae yomndeni we-cod Gadidae ongaphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye i-ichthyologists babeka ummeli waseSiberia naseNyakatho Melika wezinhlobo eLotamaculosa.

Eqinisweni, lolu hlobo ukuphela kwekhodomu wamanzi amnandi eNyakatho Melika.

Usayizi nosayizi omkhulu

Ukwehluka okukhona phakathi kwe-burbot ne-catfish kanye nezinye izinhlanzi kuzokwenza sikwazi ukubona ngokungenamaphutha isilwanyana esidla izitha noma ama-angler angenalwazi:

• isibumbu somzimba esimanzi ngesigaxa,
• izinhlangothi eziyindilinga kanye nomsila ophothiwe,
• amaphinifa wesibili nowokuhlinza anobude obungajwayelekile besigamu somzimba,
• mncane, enesikali esingaphandle esishubile sangaphandle (i-cycloid) ezindaweni ezinenkungu ne-mucus,
• amadevu amathathu: munye esilevini, amabili emhlathini ongenhla obheke phambili,
• ikhanda elithambile elinamehlo amancane
• umlomo omkhulu onamazinyo amaningi angabizi,
• amaphiko we-ventral akhiwe ngaphansi komphimbo futhi afakwe i-ray enjenge-filament edlala indima yezithinta ezingeziwe zokuthinta.

Ubukhulu obujwayelekile besitha singama-60-80 cm (3-6 kg). Ibhisikidi elikhulu kunazo zonke linesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-25 ubude obungaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-120. Umbala uncike ezimweni zokuphila, ubudala, uhlobo lowaphansi kanye nezinga lokubonakala kwamanzi. Okujwayelekile kubhekwa njengesisu somnqumo, izinhlangothi ezimnyama ezinsundu, amathunzi ansundu amnyama. Njengoba ukukhula nokuguga, abantu umbala ngamunye uyakhanya.

Ihlala kuphi i-burbot?

Indawo yokusatshalaliswa ihlobene ngqo nezici zezinhlanzi, ezingakwazi ukuzizwa zikhululekile emanzini afudumele futhi angagelezi kangako. Isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke semfuyo sibonisa izindawo zokugcina ezipholile zasenyakatho yomhlaba: i-Arctic Ocean basin, iSiberia, izifunda zaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga kanye neNyakatho-neMpumalanga yeRussia. Noma kunjalo, inyamazane yahlala futhi eningizimu eningi, kepha ngasikhathi sinye inqunyiwe. Emifuleni egelezela oLwandle oluMnyama nolweCaspian, isisindo esilinganisiwe saloluhlobo alwedluli ku-0.6-1.0 kg.

Noma kumachibi asenyakatho ajulile, i-burbot izofuna indawo ebanda kakhulu, evame ukuhlalisa kuyo okhiye abangaphansi kwamanzi. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, imigodi, izinqwaba zamatshe, izingwebu zikhethwe njengendawo yokuhlala yaphakade. Kulokhu, ukwakheka kwengaphansi akubalulekile, kungaba nesihlabathi, amatshe amatshe, ubumba, njll. Okuhlukile kuphela kwezindawo ezinosawoti oshubile ngenxa yengozi yokwakhiwa kwesixakaxaka esiminyene, lapho umhlaseli engathambekele kahle.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Ngokwesihlukaniso sanamuhla, le burbot iyingxenye yeLotinae subfamily (empeleni, yiyo ebumba leli tekisi. Izazi zesichazamazwi zaseRussia zihlukanisa lo mgqomo njengomndeni wama-burbot ohlukile. Ngokuphathelene nezinhlayiya ezincanyana, ososayensi banemibono ehlukile, ngoba abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi uhlobo lolo lungamalulwane, abanye baphikisana nalokho.

Hlela izindlela ezimbili kuya kwezi-3:

• umgqomo ojwayelekile ohlala kumachibi ase-Eurasia,
• burbot-umsila omncane - umhlali wamachibi ase-Alaska naseMpumalanga Ekude,
• ILota lota maculosa iyi-subspecies etholakala ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeNyakatho Melika.

Zonke izindlela ezingaphansi kwezokugqekeza kuphela ebusuku - ukuzingela, ukufuduka, ukukhiqizwa kabusha kanye nezinye izinkomba zomsebenzi zenzeka cishe ngo-22:00 kuye ku-6:00. Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, isidlo sakusihlwa se-burbot senzeka kuphela ebusuku.

Imikhuba

Izinhlanzi ezihlanzayo zihlala ebusuku kuphela. Izinzwa (umbono, ukuthinta, ukuzwa, ukuhogela) zenzelwe ukucinga inyamazane ebumnyameni obumnyama. Ukukhanya kwelanga kukhinyabeza iso le-burbot, ngakho-ke phakathi nosuku alizingeli, kepha lifihla ezimpandeni zezihlahla, ngaphansi kwamatshe, i-driftwood, imisele yokuqothula futhi izame ukukhipha ikhanda layo ngaphandle. Isimo esifanayo sibonwa ngokufudumeza okunamandla kwamanzi, kumenze abe nezinsuku eziningi zobulwelwe, ukunganaki kanye nokuphelelwa ngumdla. Isimo sezulu esibandayo nesinamafu kuphela, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lihla ngaphansi kuka-15 °,, lapho umhlaseli alahlekelwe okwesikhashana ukubanda kwalo ehlobo futhi akhombise ubudlova obuhlukile, uvame ukuhlasela amanetha okudoba agcwele.

Enye indlela emangazayo yokuqothuka isithakazelo sakhe esingenamkhawulo kwimisindo ehlukahlukene. Ngokuzwa okuhlukile, inhlanzi enelukuluku livame ukuhamba amabanga amade ukuthola umsuka womsindo.

Ngabe kudliwa yini ama-burbot?

Isisekelo sokudla komdlwenguli yilabo abahlala ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi zedamu. Abantu abancane abangavuthiwe (abaneminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala) badla izikelemu ngokuzithandela, izibungu, izibungu, ama-crustaceans amancane, ama-mollusks, gazinga, amaqanda ezinhlanzi kanye nama-amphibians. Njengoba bekhula futhi eba nesisindo, umhluzi udla ikakhulukazi omkhulu:

• iminining, ruff, perch,
• izinkalo, ukuncibilika, izinkalo,
• isibani, amasele, ama crustaceans.

Umlomo obanzi nomphimbo kusenza sikwazi ukugwinya inyamazane ngaphandle kwenkinga usayizi wesithathu wobude bomzimba womzingeli. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwamazinyo amise okomhlana, le nqubo yenzeka ngaphandle kokuhamba okusheshayo nokuxhamazela, futhi ukulunywa yi-burbot kuyazethemba, kepha abushelelezi futhi abubuthuntu. Isimo se-scavenger esimangazayo futhi sabelwa ngokufanelekile kulolu hlobo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokugcina ezinesikhumba esibuthakathaka se-benthic. Umqondo owenziwe kahle wephunga ukuvumela ukuba unikeze iphunga lokudla okungamakhilomitha amaningi, okuyilokho abadobi abanolwazi abasebenzisa lapho befaka ifry Fry nokunye okushaya ngeheyini kuhogo.

Lapho kuqala ukushisa kwehlobo, inhlanzi iyayeka ukudla futhi ichitha isikhathi esiningi inezikhathi zokuzila. Ekupheleni kokuphela kokuphela kwesihlakala kuphuma ezitolo futhi kuqhubeke nokudla okusebenzayo kusukela kusihlwa kuze kuse, ukubuyisela amandla nokulungiselela ukuqhuma.

Izici zokuhluza

Ukungahlukani nomdlwenguli othanda ukubanda kuthinta ngqo isikhathi sokubekwa kwamaqanda. Ngokuya ngesifunda kanye nendawo yokuhlala ye-burbot, ukuqhekeka kwenzeka phakathi kokuphela kukaDisemba noFebhuwari. Ukuze amaqanda akhule kahle, izinga lokushisa lamanzi kufanele libe ngu + 1 ° С. Ezingxenyeni zasenyakatho, izimo ezinjalo zakhiwa ngemvelo ngokushesha futhi zihlala izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, lokhu kunzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke inhlanzi iye yathuthukisa amandla e-parthenogenesis ("ukuzala kabusha izintombi") - ukuthuthukiswa okugcwele kobumbumbulu obungafakwanga. Ikhwalithi emangazayo enjalo ivumela abantu besifazane ukuba baxazulule ngempumelelo inkinga yokuzalela ezinsukwini ezingavamile zokuphola okubukhali, ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi esengeziwe befuna abesilisa abavuthiwe ngokocansi.

Ukuqalwa kweBurbot kwenzeka ezindaweni ezingashoni ngenqubo ehamba kancane futhi phansi kanzima: itshe, amagobolondo, amatshe amatshe, isihlabathi. Lokhu, izinhlanzi zithutha isikhathi eside, kwesinye isikhathi ziye ezindaweni lapho lwazalelwa khona. Abokuqala ukufika kulezindawo ezinwebayo ngabantu abakhulu ababeka amaqanda ngamaqembu amancane ezincezu eziyi-15-20. Lapho-ke amasampula aphakathi nawo aqala ukwanda, futhi emhlambini omncane. Okokugcina okulandelayo ukukhula okuvuthiwe kwabafundi abasha (abaneminyaka engama-3-5 ubudala), abakhubeka babe “izinkampani” ezinomsindo ze-50-100 inye.

Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlanzi ezinamanzi ahlanzekile, i-cod roe ine-buoyancy enhle ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwamafutha, ngakho-ke ingxenye yokugoba kwemashi ikhululekile futhi ithwalwa ngumfula iye ezingxenyeni zesigcini ezinezimo ezihlukile ze-microclimate, okwandisa amathuba okusinda kohlobo.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, umhlaseli udla ngokuzikhandla, ezifundeni ezinabantu abambalwa, kunokuvinjelwa okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kokudoba ebusika.

Isibaya seBurbot

Isikhathi sokudoba sihlala sisuka ekwindla siye phakathi kwentwasahlobo. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuluma sishone kusihlwa nasekuseni kakhulu (kuze kube amahora angama-5). I-zhor enkulu iwela ngoNovemba -Febhuwari. Njengoba isithiyelo ku-burbot, kusetshenziswa izinhlanzi ezinikezwa ngebheyili (azikho ezinkulu kuno-8-15 cm ngosayizi): i-gudgeon, i-blak, i-ruff. Umkhuba wokudoba izingcezu ze-carp, amasele amancane, inqwaba yezikelemu ezinkulu, isibindi senkukhu nawo usabalele. Imvamisa umhlaseli angadonswa ngumdlalo wokuzilibazisa wama-spinner noma amalambu.

Njengendlela eyinhloko yokudoba, kusetshenziswa ama-donks wokuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene. Izisetshenziswa ezivela kwinduku emifushane enezindandatho, i-inertial reel, umugqa wokudoba onobukhulu obungu-0,5-0.40 mm nesinki elinganiselayo, elingadonswa yilokho okwenzeka manje, kepha okungadali splash eqinile, lizibonakalise kahle. Kungcono ukunamathisela ukugcwala ngegwegwe ngaphansi komthwalo ukuze isihego sisondele phansi.

Esikhathini sasebusika, kusetshenziswa ama-girders ebandayo aqandayo eqhweni, lapho i-reel ene-line yokudoba ihlala isemanzini, okugwema ukuqandeka kwemishini.

Ukusatshalaliswa nezindawo zokuhlala

Umhlaba ongowokuzalwa walezi zinhlobo imifula esecoli yoLwandle i-Arctic, futhi luhlala eningizimu kuze kufike emaceleni angama-40. Kepha ngaseningizimu imifula ikhona, umhlume oyobe ushibhile uzoba. Emaphakathi ne-Urals umgqomo Uhlala emizimbeni yamanzi asempumalanga nasentshonalanga emithambekeni ye-Ural Range: ezinkampanini zase-Ufa, eChusovaya, eSylva, eTur, eTavda nasezindlini zayo, eLake Tavatuy kanye nakwamanye amachibi amaningi, emachibini abandayo futhi agelezayo.

IBurbot ingukuphela kokumelwa kukakhokho onjenge-cod, ohlala emfuleni wamanzi amnandi. Ukhethile, uthanda amanzi acacile futhi akabekezeli i-yamanje eqinile.

Ukuba ngumsizi wokuqala we-primordial, i-burbot ithanda amanzi abandayo futhi acacile anaphansi kwamatshe. IBurbot ivame ukutholakala kwizimbobo ezijulile ezinezihluthulelo, ezingxenyeni ezisogwini, ngaphansi kwezihlahla nezimpande zezihlahla ezingenalutho. Ukusuka emifuleni lapho izihlahla ezisogwini zigawulwa khona ngokuhlelekile, imvamisa iyanyamalala. Ehlobo, i-burbot ayisebenzi, izwa kahle kuphela lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingaphansi kwamadigri ayi-12, futhi lapho amanzi eshisa ngaphezulu kwamadigri ayi-15, icasha emiseleni, emigodini, ngaphansi kwamadwala, ngaphansi kwamatshe, ngaphansi kwamabhishi asezingeni elikhulu, ebashiya bebodwa ebusuku. Esikhathini esishisa kunazo zonke, uyacasha futhi ucishe ukuyeke ngokuphelele ukudla. Ngalesi sikhathi, akunzima ukubamba imbobo ecashe emgodini (okuyinto, ngendlela, ngokuhlukile enkolelweni evamile, akakaze ayenze) noma ngaphansi kwezingibe namatshe. Lapho beqala ukumthatha, akazami ukuguquka futhi abaleke, kepha uzama ukucasha ngokujulile endaweni yokukhosela. Kungaba nzima ukuyigcina ngenxa yokushelelayo, embozwe kahle isikhumba sikamoya. Ebusika, ekwindla nasentwasahlobo yokuqala, i-burbot isebenza kakhulu, ishiya izindawo zokukhosela bese iqala ukuzulazula ngokuqala kokubanda ekwindla. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi lisebenza kancane, lisebenza kakhulu futhi ligudla (lidla inani elikhulu lezinto zenhlanzi).

Ividiyo: Burbot

Njengoba ingumhlaseli wobusuku obumnandi, i-burbot ayihlali emqamelweni, ilindele inyamazane yayo, kepha ilandelela ngentshiseko phansi ifike iqonde kuyo, inquma indawo yokudla okungenzeka ngokuzwa, ukuhogela nokuthinta. Kepha asithembeli ekuhlaziyeni kwethu okubukwayo, kuyaqondakala impela. Zicabangele wena - yini ongayibona ebusuku, ezansi komfula? Ngakho-ke, siyawuthululela emehlweni ethu futhi asithembi ngokweqiniso.

Manje kunenkambiso yokwehla okujwayelekile kosayizi ojwayelekile wabantu kanye nokwehla kwenani lale nhlanzi ngenxa yokuwohloka okuhleliwe kwezimo zokuphila (phakathi kwabo, amanzi kanye nokubamba ngokweqile, kufaka phakathi ukuzingela, kubaluleke kakhulu).

Ukubukeka nezici ze-burbot

Photo: Kubukeka kanjani burbot

Ubude bezinhlanzi kuyaqabukela budlula i-1 m, isisindo somzimba - ukuya kuma-24 kg. Ngaphandle, i-burbot ngandlela-thile ifana nenye inhlanzi engaphansi - ikati. Isimo somzimba ngandlela-thile, siyindilinga, siboshwe ngemuva futhi sicindezelwa ezinhlangothini. Izikali ze-burbot zincane kakhulu, kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi zimboza umzimba ngokuqinile futhi yonke indawo - iya ekhanda, izembozo ze-gill ngisho nasezisekelweni zamaphini.

Ukuma kwekhanda kubanzi, kuthambile kancane. Umhlathi ongaphezulu mude kunaphansi. Emhlathini nasehlanzeni kunamazinyo amaningi amise okomhluzi. I-tendril engakhokhelwa itholakala ku-chin, emifushane eyi-2 eduze kwamakhala.

Amaphinifa we-pectoral mancane futhi amafushane. Imisebe yokuqala yamaphiko we-ventral izinqubo ezinde ze-film. Kunamaphiko amabili emuva, nehlandla lesibili licishe lifinyelele ku-caudal, kodwa angahlangananga nakho. Umugqa we-lateral ufinyelela ngasekupheleni kwe-anal fin.

Kunezinketho eziningi zemibala ye-burbot. Imvamisa, ingemuva lale nhlanzi iluhlaza okotshani noma omnqumo luhlaza, inezindawo ezinamabala amnyama ansundu futhi angalingani ngendlela efanele.

Umphimbo nesisu kuvame ukuba mhlophe. Abantu abasha bahlala benombala omnyama (cishe omnyama). Abesilisa babamnyama kancane kunabesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, owesilisa unekhanda elikhudlwana, kanti lowesifazana unesifudumezi. Izinsikazi zihlala zikhulu.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Burbot ebusika

Ukushisa kwasehlobo kunciphisa le nhlanzi - i-burbot iba yinto engasebenzi. Kepha lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi ligcina ukufika ku-12 ° C, i-burbot iqala ukusebenza, iya ekuzingeleni ichithe imali ifuna inyamazane ubusuku bonke. Kepha lapho nje amanzi esefudumala ngaphezu kuka-15 ° C, inhlanzi icasha ngokushesha emiseleni, emigodini engezansi, nangaphansi kwamatshe, ezindaweni ezivulekile nakwizindawo zokuphephela emabhange asezingeni, nakwezinye izindawo ezisithekile ezifihla ukushisa. Futhi ubashiya kuphela ukuze bathole ukudla okudingekile ukuze balondoloze impilo.

IBurbot iya ekuzingeleni ekushiseni kuphela esimweni sezulu esinamafu, futhi ebusuku kuphela. NgoJulayi-Agasti, lapho kubhekwa ukushisa, i-burbot hibernates, empeleni iyeka ukudla. Inhlanzi iba yingozi futhi ingavikeleki kangangokuba ngalesi sikhathi ungayibamba kalula ngezandla zakho! Indlela elula yokwenza lokhu kulesisikhathi lapho izando ze-burbot zisemgodini (okuthi, ngokungafani nohlobo lwenkohliso lwamanga, alusoze lambe). Futhi ngaphansi kwezingibe, amatshe, nakwezinye "izindawo zokuphephela" i-burbot eqashiwe kulula kakhulu ukuyibamba.

Impela, okwamanje lapho beqala ukuyithatha, inhlanzi ayizami ngisho nokujika nokubaleka, ihambile ngomkhumbi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokuphambene nalokho, yenza isinqumo esiyisisekelo esiyiphutha, sokufuna insindiso esiphephelweni saso, kepha sijule kuphela. Ubunzima kuphela ukugcina i-burbot, ngoba inyathela kakhulu. Ubusika, ikwindla kanye nentwasahlobo yokuqala yezikhathi zezikhathi zomsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu we-burbot. Ngokuqala kokuphola, le nhlanzi iqala ukuhola indlela yokuphila elahlekile. Kukhona ukuncika okucacile - uma kubanda kakhulu amanzi, kuphakama umsebenzi nobudlova bebhashithi (idla izinhlanzi ezincane ezingenakubalwa).

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Burbot emanzini

Ukuthomba kweBurbot kuqala eneminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala, lapho isisindo somzimba sifinyelela ku-400-500 g. Kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle zokuphila, kuvame ukwenzeka ukuthi abesilisa bavuthwa ngaphambili.

NgoNovemba - uDisemba (ngokuya ngezimo zezulu zesifunda), ngemuva kokuba izidumbu zamanzi zimbozwe yi-ayisikhilimu, kuqhume imfuduko yazo - ukuthuthuka okukhulu kokugqekeza kuya ezindaweni ezinamaphiko (nangaphambene nalokho). Lezi zinhlanzi zithunyelwa ukuba zihlanze imihlambi emincane, ezibandakanya insikazi eyodwa enkulu kanye nabesilisa abane-4-5. Ezichibini zamachibi ezikhukhulayo, iziqhumane ziwela emibhedeni yemifula. Emachibini amakhulu nanamanzi ajulile anamanzi abandayo, i-burbot ayishiyi, ihamba isuka ekujuleni okusondele ezindaweni lapho kunaphansi okungamatshe futhi kungamatshe khona.

Isikhathi sokuhlanza sisukela eshumini seminyaka edlule sikaDisemba kuya ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari. Inqubo icishe ihlale iqhutshwa ngaphansi kweqhwa, emanzini eT esifundeni se-1-3ºС. IBurbot iyawathanda umkhuhlane, ngakho-ke, emazingeni aphezulu, ukusatshalaliswa kuyasebenza kakhulu kunangezikhathi zokukhotha - esimweni sakamuva, inqubo yokunwebeka yeluliwe. Amaqanda ane-droplet enamafutha (ubukhulu bawo bungama-0,8-1 mm) ayakhutshwa emanzini angajulile anedwala phansi nasesiteshini esisheshayo. Ukuthuthukiswa ko-gazinga kwenzeka engxenyeni engezansi yedamu. Enye yezimpawu zempilo yalesi burbot ukuzala kwayo okukhulu kakhulu - izinsikazi ezinkulu zizalela amaqanda angaphezu kwesigidi.

Isikhathi sokufakwa kwamaqanda siyahlukahluka kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-28 kuya ezinyangeni ezingama-2,5 - isikhathi sale nqubo sinquma izinga lokushisa kwamanzi ku-reservoir. Ubude befry obone ukukhanya ngu-3-4 mm. I-hatch hatch ngaphambi nje kokuqala kokudonsa i-ice noma ngesikhathi sezikhukhula. Lesi sici sinomphumela omubi kakhulu ekusindeni kwefry, ngoba lapho imifula ichitheka, gazinga imvamisa idluliselwa esifundeni sezikhukhula, lapho, ngemuva kokwehla kwamazinga wamanzi, zisheshe zome bese ziyafa.

Izitha zemvelo ze-burbot

Isithombe: I-Burbot River Fish

I-fecundity ephezulu kakhulu ye-burbot ayenzi lokhu kuzalaniswa kwezinhlanzi kube ngamanani amaningi. Ngaphezu ekufeni kweningi leziminyaminya ngesikhathi sezikhukhula, iqhwa eliningi lamaqanda liqhubeka nenkambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlanzi zithanda ukudla i-burbot caviar ("ababulali" abaphambili bayinqaba, i-ruff, i-roach, futhi ngezinga elikhulu - i-gudgeon "ethandekayo" nge-burbot). Kuyamangaza ukuthi ingxenye ye-caviar ihlala emigqeni engezansi futhi idliwa yi-burbot uqobo. Ngenxa yalokhu, lapho kuphela ubusika, emaqandeni amaqanda amaningi, akukho okusele kwe-10-20%.

Uma sithatha umuntu okhulile, ovuthiwe, khona-ke unezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo. Bambalwa abantu abalokotha bahlasele inhlanzi ubude obuyimitha 1. Into kuphela ukuthi ngesikhathi sasehlobo (ngesikhathi sokushisa, esiqhuma, njengenhlanzi ejwayelekile yasenyakatho, ayibekezeleli nakancane), lapho ngisho nabantu abadala be-burbot bengasebenzi kakhulu, kungaba ukudla ye-catfish, idlula kakhulu usayizi wayo.

Ingozi enkulu ilele kokulinda i-burbot encane futhi engakazalwa. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi kuphela ama-burbots ambalwa asindayo aze afike eminyakeni yokuthomba. Ukuba khona kwe-caviar, ngendlela, "kungukudla okumnandi kakhulu" kwezinhlanzi ngisho nasebusika. Kepha ama-fry athanda ukudla ama-ruffs, izinhlobo ezimhlophe nezinsundu, kanye nezinye izinhlanzi eziwukudla kokudla okuvuthiwe.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Kubukeka kanjani burbot

Uhla lwe-burbot lubanzi impela - izinhlanzi zitholakala emizimbeni enamanzi amnandi ezifundeni ezisenyakatho yeYurophu, e-Asia naseNyakatho Melika. E-Europe, i-burbot ibanjwa eNew England (inhlanzi ayitholakali eScotland nase-Ireland), eFrance (ikakhulukazi esifundeni saseRhone, ngandlela thile kuvame ukuba seSeine naseLoire), e-Italy (ikakhulukazi eMfuleni i-Po), kanye nase- amantongomane asentshonalanga yeSwitzerland, esigodini saseDanube (cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba) nakwindawo zokugcina ezisesigodini saseBaltic Sea. Akwenzeki (kusukela maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule) ogwini olusentshonalanga lwamazwe aseScandinavia, kanye nasezindaweni zase-Iberian, e-Apennine naseBalkan.

E-Russia, i-burbot i-ubiquitous - emzimbeni wamanzi ogeleza eziNtabeni ezi-Arctic nezinesizotha, kanye nasezigodini zemifula yaseSiberia - usuka e-Ob uye e-Anadyr, nakuwo wonke ubude bawo. Engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, i-burbot ayitholakali eCrimea, eTranscaucasia (ngaphandle kwezindawo eziphansi eziseKura naseSefidrud), kwesinye isikhathi le nhlanzi ibanjwa eNyakatho neCaucasus - esigodini somfula. Kuban. Umngcele osenyakatho webanga ugu lwe-Arctic Ocean.

Eningizimu, i-burbot itholakala emgodini ongaphansi komgodi we-Ob-Irtysh, futhi ithatha indawo ebanzi ngokulinganayo - ukusuka ezindaweni eziphezulu (iLake Teletskoye neZaysan) kuya eGulf of Ob. Ayikho le nhlanzi eCentral Asia, yize ngekhulu leminyaka edlule le nhlanzi yayidotshwa ngenkani emgodini wolwandle i-Aral. E-Yenisei naseBaikal, i-burbot ibanjwa cishe yonke indawo. Esigodini sikaSelenga, uhla lwehlela eningizimu, phezulu eMongolia. IBurbot itholakala kuwo wonke umfula osebeni lomfula. I-Cupid ene-tributaries yayo eyinhloko - i-Ussuri neSungari. Kutholakala emaphethelweni aphezulu oMfula i-Yalu.

Ngokuphathelene nogu lolwandle iPacific Ocean, i-burbot itholakala eSakhalin naseziQhingini zase Shantar, futhi iwela ngisho nasezindaweni ezinamanzi olwandle (lapho usawoti wamanzi ungeqi ku-12).

Ukuphepha kweBurbot

Photo: Burbot kusuka Red Book

IBurbot ingelesigaba 1 sokuqothulwa - izinhlobo zingaphakathi kwemingcele yaseMoscow ngaphansi kwesongo sokuqothulwa, ngenxa yalokho ifakiwe eSithasiselweni 1 seNcwadi ebomvu yesiFunda saseMoscow. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho burbot ku-International Red Book.

Ukuze kulondolozwe inani labantu abasebenza burbot, izazi zemvelo zenza imisebenzi eminingana, okungukuthi:

• ukuqapha kwesibalo sabantu (ehlelekile, ngisho nangezikhathi zomsebenzi ophansi wokuziphatha),
• Ukulawulwa kokuhlanzeka kwemvelo kwezindawo zokukhosela zasehlobo nezindawo zezindawo zokuhlanza imfucuza,
• ukuhlonza izindawo ezintsha ezingabhekwa njengezilungele ukugcwala kwe-burbot,
• ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinyathelo okuhloswe ngazo ukuvimbela ukonakala kwesimo semvelo emithanjeni yamanzi eSifunda saseMosos kanye nokwandisa izinga lokushisa kwamanzi, okucasulayo ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kusenesikhathi futhi kusebenze. Indawo lapho kubhekelwa khona kakhulu - ukusuka eMosical Ring Road kuya endaweni yezikhukhula yeFayilevskaya,
• ukwethulwa kokuvinjwa kokuqinisa amabhange emifula nemithombo yezindawo ezindaweni ezivikelekile nezazihlelisiwe ngokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokhonkolo, ama-gabion nezindonga zamalogi. Uma kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuqinisa ugu, kuvunyelwe kuphela ukwakheka kogu nokuma kwesihlahla,
• ukubuyiselwa kohlelo lokuphilisana kwendalo lolwandle olusogwini oluhambisana nezindawo zenani elikhulu kakhulu lokubhaca, kanye nokwenza lula ukusetshenziswa kwawo ngezinjongo zokuzijabulisa,
• Ukudalwa kwezindawo zokukhosela ehlobo kanye nama-substrates e-spawning anele alungele ukugqekeza. Kuze kube manje, "imicamelo" enesihlabathi esinamatshe ihlelwe ezingxenyeni ezitholakala kahle zezidumbu zamanzi,
• Ukubuyiselwa okwenziwe kabusha kwabantu kanye nokufakwa okwengeziwe komdlavuza omude emzimbeni wezinyama - le arthropod, kanye ne-minnier, iyintandokazi yokudla kwe-burbot,
• ukuqaliswa kokuqapha okuqinile kokuhambisana nokuvinjelwa kokudotshwa kwama-burbot (ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqhuma) njengenhlobo ebhalwe ku-Red Book of Moscow.

Naka futhi - izinyathelo ezingenhla zisebenza esifundeni saseMoscow kuphela.

IBurbot - Lesi sidlakudla esingaphansi, siholela ekuphila impilo yobusuku bonke. Ikhetha amachibi ngamanzi abandayo, ukushisa kunomthelela ocindezelayo kuwo. Uhlobo lunendawo ebanzi yokuhlala, kepha inani laso aliphezulu lapho libheka izici zokuziphatha, kanye nokucaciswa kwezinqubo zokuzala kanye nokuthomba.