Abahambi baseYurophu, okokuqala ngqa ukubona izinyoni ezinhle eziphaphazelayo emoyeni njengama-glider alengayo phezulu ekuphakameni okukhulu kwe-Andes, bamangala kakhulu. Ngempela, ekuphakameni okunjalo, impilo cishe ayinakwenzeka. Noma kunjalo, ngo-1553, abantu baseYurophu baqala benza incazelo yale ndalo emangalisayo yendalo, ethathwa kufanele njengombusi wezintaba.
I-Condor (inyoni): incazelo
ICoror, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke ezindizayo. Uma sithatha usayizi womzimba, i-California condor idlula i-Andean cishe ngo-5 cm, kepha ama-blindpan, khona-ke i-Andean handsome ayinakulingana (280-320 cm), uhola ngokucacile phakathi kwezihlobo zakhe. Ngokwesisindo, futhi idlula bonke abamele umndeni we-voul. ICondor iyinyoni enesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-15 (abesilisa). Izinsikazi zilula kancane, isisindo sazo azidluli i-12 kg. Ubude bezinyoni ezithunjiwe cishe buyi-120-140 cm, kucatshangwa ukuthi endle lezi zikhulu zifinyelela ngosayizi omkhulu.
Umbala wezimpaphe ucishe umnyama ngokuphelele, kuphela ukhola oluluhlaza ozungeze intamo nomngcele obanzi ezintanjeni ezisesitezi zombala omhlophe. Lezi zimpaphe zibonakala ikakhulukazi emadodeni; avela ngemuva kwe-molt yokuqala. Ama-condors amasha anombala onsundu onsundu.
Ikhanda nomphimbo we-condor cishe akunawo amapayipi, isikhumba kulezi zindawo sinombala opinki noma obomvu onsomi. Emadodeni, kuvela inhlwathi enkulu enombala obomvu omnyama ekhanda. Ngenxa yesikhumba esishwabene kakhulu, ifomu “lamacici” entanyeni. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi lapho inyoni iguquka, umbala wentamo nekhanda uguquka, uphenduka ubomvu noma uphuzi.
Uqhwaku lwe-condor lubunjiwe ngogobolondo, luboshwe ekugcineni, lumnyama ngombala ngenhla ephuzi. Ubude namandla oqhwaku avumela inyoni ukuba idabule kalula inyama yezinyamazane zayo. Amehlo obuhle bezintaba awunayo imisebe; emadodeni anombala onsundu, kwabesifazane banebomvu nge-pomegranate hue.
Imilenze yama-Andean giants imnyama grey. Umunwe ophakathi unwetshwa ngokubonakalayo, umunwe wangemuva utholakala ngaphezulu kokuphumula futhi mncane ngosayizi. Amacabi acishe aqonde hhayi abukhali kakhulu. Ngokusekelwe kule ncazelo, kuba sobala ukuthi i-condor ayikwazi ukusebenzisa ama-paws ayo njengesikhali, futhi ayikwazi ukubamba nokukhulisa inyamazane emoyeni. Lesi sici sihlukanisa nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama.
Habitat
ICondor iyinyoni ehlala kulo lonke ugu lwePacific lwaseNingizimu Melika, impela, kubandakanya ne-Andes. Umngcele oseningizimu wobubanzi use-Tierra del Fuego, nasenyakatho - endaweni yaseColombia neVenezuela. Ungahlangana nalezi zinyoni ezinhle kakhulu eziphakemeyo ezintabeni nasezintabeni zezinyawo, emathafeni. Indawo yokuhlala yezilwane ezinamaphiko inezinto ezinkulukazi ilingana, kepha, ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-condor ibhekene nokuqothuka, lezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo zisondele ekuqothulweni.
Indlela yokuphila
Amakhandlela aphila iminyaka engama-50, ngakho-ke angabizwa ngokuthi ama-livers ende embusweni wezinyoni. Owesilisa nowesifazane, sebesungule umbhangqwana, bahlala bethembekile komunye nomunye empilweni yonke. Emhlambini omkhulu wama-condors, izinyoni ezindala zihola zintsha, futhi ngabesilisa abesilisa bathwala izinsikazi.
Lezi ziqhwaga zithanda ukuhlela izidleke zazo endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-4-5 ezinkulungwane ngaphezu kolwandle, ezindaweni ezikude. Yize lokhu kungeyona ngisho isidleke, kunalokho nje kungudoti owenziwe ngamagatsha. Ngokuya ngesimo sendawo, amaqanda kwesinye isikhathi abekwa ngokuphelele ngaphandle kombhede, emifantwini ephakathi kwamatshe odaka emithambekeni.
Imvamisa, ama-condors ahlala endaweni encane ogwini lolwandle, eduze nasogwini ayohlala enikezwa ngokudla. Ukondla izinyamazane kusiza umbono wazo obukhali. Lama-giants angenza ngaphandle kokudla izinsuku eziningana, kepha ngemuva kokudla okunjalo badla amakhilogremu ambalwa enyama ekudleni okukodwa. Njengoba esezitholele ukudla, u-condor akakwazi ukukudlulisela endlini yakhe. Ngakho-ke le nyoni inendlela eyodwa kuphela yokuphuma - ukuluma endaweni yokulahla lapho, bese isikhipha isisu esigcwele esidlekeni sayo sendabuko.
Lapho lokhu kudalwa okuhle kwendalo kukhuphuka phezulu esibhakabhakeni, akunakwenzeka ukususa amehlo akho kuyo, indiza yayo yinhle kakhulu. Lapho i-condor ifinyelela phezulu, kuyaqabukela ukuthi ishele amaphiko ayo. Amandla ezinsimbi zomoya asiza indiza enjalo, kuyilapho amandla enyoni yakhe egcinwa. U-Andean omuhle ukubukeka uyaphumula, uhleli edwaleni elinamadwala, endaweni ephakeme. Kulula kuye ukuthi abaleke futhi abaleke i-perch enjalo. Kunzima kakhulu ukuthi i-condor esindayo isuswe emhlabathini, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwesidlo sasemini esijabulisayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-conductor kufanele yenze ukugijima okukhulu futhi ichithe amandla amaningi.
Ngabe kudlani?
ICondor iyinyoni edla ikakhulukazi ku-carrion. Ngaphezu kwezidumbu zezilwane ezifile, izinyamazane zidla amaqanda namachwane, zonakalisa izidleke zezinyoni zamakholoni. Ukuzitholela ukudla, iziqhwaga zase-Andean zingandiza ziye kuma-200 km ngosuku olulodwa.
Ukuzala
I-Condor (inyoni) ivuthwa ngokomzimba ngeminyaka engama-5-6. Ukubona ukuthi owesilisa uqala ukunakekela insikazi kulula kakhulu: ngesikhathi sokuzalela, isikhumba sivuvukala ekhanda lakhe, ngenkathi umbala waso usushintsha usuka kupinki okhanyayo uye ophuzi ophuzi. Phambi kwesithandwa sakhe, indoda ebabayo ikhipha isifuba sayo nemicabango, bese isabalalisa amaphiko ayo amakhulu ime, ishaye ulimi. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili, ekupheleni kobusika nokuqala kwentwasahlobo.
Owesifazane uvame ukubeka iqanda elilodwa, kwesinye isikhathi kubili, ukufakwa kokubeletha kwenzeka kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-55-60, lapho bobabili abazali bahlanganyele. Izinkukhu ziphuma emaqandeni, “zigqokwa” ngefreyimu eluhlaza grey, zizoshintsha “izingubo” zazo kuphela lapho ziba usayizi wabazali bazo. Bobabili umama nobaba baletha izingane ukudla, bakhipha ukudla okugaywe ngogwayi kuqhwaku. Ama-condors amancane angenza izindiza zawo zokuqala lapho enezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, kodwa ahlala nabazali iminyaka engaba mibili kuze kube yilapho owesimame esekulungele ukuhlehlisa enye into elandelayo.
I-Condor eseduze kokuqothulwa
U-Andean condor - inyoni esesemaphethelweni wokuqothulwa. Inani lalezi zidalwa ezinhle kakhulu futhi elinamandla lihlala lishintsha njalo. Ukungaqinisekisi okunjalo kuyakhathaza, ngoba nganoma yisiphi isikhathi umhlaba ungalahlekelwa lo mbusi omuhle wezintaba.
Abantu bazama ukubuyisa inani le-condor, kepha kunzima kakhulu ukukwenza. Njengoba zizalelwe ekudingisweni, amaphuphu asheshe athambekele, ngakho-ke ama-ornithologists azama ukuxhumana nawo ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuze kuthi kamuva kube lula ngezinyoni ezincane ukujwayela imvelo yasendle nokuzimela. Ngaphambi kokubakhulula ezifuyweni zabo, ososayensi bafaka izinzwa ezibonisa lapho i-condor ikhona khona njengamanje.
I-Condor (inyoni): izithombe, amaqiniso afuna ukwazi
Kubantu be-Andes, i-condor iwuphawu lwempilo namandla. Ngokwenkolelo yakudala, amathambo alesi sikhulu, njengezinye izitho zawo, anezinto zokwelapha. Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu baqothula izinyoni ngokungacabangi, bengacabangi ngemiphumela.
Ezizweni zamaNdiya, i-Andean condor (inyoni) ihlotshaniswa nonkulunkulu welanga, amaNdiya amthatha njengombusi wezwe eliphezulu. Ngaphezu kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingama-2,5 BC bekuvele kunemidwebo yamadwala ebonisa lesi sikhulu.
YINI UKUDLA
Lapho ama-condor akhuphuka esibhakabhakeni noma ehla enyuka ngaphezulu emithanjeni yomoya, ahlola umhlaba. Izilimo zifuna isidumbu, njengoba izilwane ezifile zingukudla kwazo okuyinhloko. Ngaphandle, ama-condors afana nezinsimbi. Bona, njengezinsimbi ezigxila ekudleni, bawa. Akukho okunye ukufana phakathi kwalezi zinyoni. Ucwaningo olusha luveze ukuthi ama-condors ayizihlobo eziseduze zamaqhude. Bona, njengezinhlwathi, zinamakhala angavulekile, angahlukaniswanga, njengezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama, nge-septum endevudinal. Njengamaqhude, ama-condors apholile ngokufafaza imilenze yawo ngendle. Zonke izinsuku, lapho zifuna ukudla, i-condor indiza amakhilomitha amakhulukhulu. Le nyoni inamehlo abukhali kakhulu, ngakho-ke, kusukela ekuphakameni okukhulu ikwazi ukubona umhlambi wama-guanacos noma ama-alpacas ukuze uqaphele ukugcwala kwezilwane ezibulewe yinyoka noma enye inyamazane ngesikhathi. Lapho ibona isilwane esifile, i-condor ngokushesha iwela phansi, bese kuthi eminye imihambiso ilandele, lapho ukunakwa kwayo kudonswa endizeni ngokushesha okukhulu. Izaqathe eziningana zivame ukubuthana ku-carrion owodwa.
LIFESTYLE
ICondor ihlala ezindaweni eziphakemeyo. Ukhetha izindawo zokuphumula futhi adle kuzo ama-cornices angenakungena, angenamatshe, akhuphuka ngamamitha amamitha angaphezu komhlaba. Imvelo ifakelwe uCondor kahle indlela yokuphila enjalo. Izimpiko ze-Andean condor zifinyelela cishe kumamitha amathathu, okungukuthi, amaphiko ezimpiko zaso kuphela elingaphansi kwe-albatross ezulazulayo, enamaphiko ayo anendawo enkulu yokusekela. Ngesikhathi sendiza, i-condor isebenzisa ukukhuphuka komoya okufudumele, ngenxa yalokho, ikhuphukela emoyeni, ingakhuphuka futhi izungeze amahora amaningi ngaphandle komzamo. Lapho inyoni ifuna ukushintsha indlela yokundiza, ikwenza lokhu ngosizo lwezinsiba zomugqa wokuqala. Ivula futhi inciphise izimpaphe eziyimpukane eyinhloko, inyoni idlula kuyo imifudlana yomoya futhi ngenxa yalokhu kuqondisa. I-condor ibonakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-5000 ngaphezu kolwandle, kepha imvamisa inyoni ibanjwa endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3. Lapho i-condor ifuna ukuwa phansi, welula imilenze yakhe phambili.
Ukusikisela
ICondor iyinyoni ehlala isikhathi eside. Imvamisa uphila aze abe neminyaka engama-50. Njengezinye izilwane ezisindayo kulenkathi ethandekayo futhi ezinezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo, amandla okuzala kabusha kuma-condors alinganiselwe. Inyoni encane ifinyelela ekukhuleni kuphela lapho ineminyaka engu-6-7 ubudala futhi kule minyaka iqala ukufuna umlingani ayohlala naye impilo yakhe yonke. Lezi zinyoni zidla kanye kuphela njalo eminyakeni emibili noma ngaphansi. Isikhathi ngasinye, izinyoni zokuzalela zandulela isiko elifishane kakhulu lokuzala. Abalingani bazungelezela esibhakabhakeni ndawonye futhi benza imisindo ekhethekile yokushaya kanye nokushaya. Izinyoni zigobhoza emoyeni bese zithintana ngamaphiko, kamuva omunye wabalingani wehlela emadwaleni. Ngemuva kokuzalela, insikazi ibeka iqanda elilodwa. Le nyoni iyibeka esidlekeni esilula - umgodi obekwe ngotshani, osendaweni eyi-cornice yamatshe. Ababelethi babopha iqanda ndawonye. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-7-9, iphuphu liyagoqwa, limbozwe ngogqinsi obukhulu kakhulu. Le fluff iyabonakala futhi ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa ekhanda nasentanyeni yenyoni. Ababelethi bondla ndawonye inkukhu unyaka, kepha inkukhu enezinyanga eziyisithupha iba namaphiko.
IZIVIVINYO EZIJWAYELEKILE. UKWAZI. ISIHLOKO
ICondor ibilungiselelwe izimpaphe ezinhle, kanye nezilwane ezazigxishwe emzimbeni. Izinyoni eziningi ziyafa ngezinhlamvu zabelusi abazonda izinyoni ezidla inyama. ICalifornia Condor ayisatholakali emvelweni. Izinyoni ezintathu zokugcina zabanjwa ososayensi ukuze zisindise lolu hlobo kuma-zoo. Manje ekudingisweni kuqukethe izinyoni ezingaba ngu-30.
Izinyoni ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezidla emhlabeni. Bahlala esifundeni sezintaba esentshonalanga yeMelika. Izimpiko ze-condor zingamamitha amathathu, isisindo esingu-9-12 kg. Izimpiko ezinkulu zikulungele kahle ukundiza, izinyoni zikwazi ukundiza amahora amaningi ezinqongweni zezintaba, zibamba inyamazane. Cishe i-1 kg yokudla kudliwa ngosuku. Bazondla nge-carrion. Izinzwa zihlelwe kumasayithi anamadwala. Iqanda elilodwa libekwa ngonyaka noma emibili. Amakati ayenamahloni kakhulu futhi awasindi kahle.
Amaqiniso ATHANDAYO, UKWAZI.
- Ukudla okuthandwa nguCondor yi-guanaco. Ukuphakama kwe-guanaco lapho ibuna cishe imitha. Ama-Condors awadli ama-guanacos, afuna kuphela izilwane ezifile.
- ICondor ayinawo umuzwa wokuhogela kakhulu. Njengomphumela wezifundo, kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi le nyoni ayikwazi ukuhogela i-carrion ngephunga (ngesikhathi sokufunda, i-condor yaqala yaqonda ngqo ku-carrion ukumbumbuluzwa, kwathi lapho kuphela isilwane esifile esimbozwe ngokhokho).
ISIQHAWU SESIBILI
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane be-conductor usayizi wezinyoni. Insikazi incane kancane kunowesilisa. Izinsikazi zesifazane, kunalokho, zikhulu kunezabesilisa.
I-Nest: insikazi ivame ukukhetha indawo esidlekeni edwaleni eliphakeme, elingenakunqotshwa futhi ibeka iqanda esidlekeni esilula. Iphuphu limbozwe phansi likhulu.
Umsila: ububanzi. ICondor iyisebenzisa endizeni njengesigemuva.
- Indawo yokuhlala yeCondor
LAPHO UKUPHILA
ICondor itholakala ikakhulu empumalanga ye-Andes eseNingizimu Melika ukuya eTierra del Fuego.
UKUVIKELA NOKUVIKELA
Lolu hlobo olusondele ekuqothulweni. Umuntu uqothula izilwane eziqhuba ukuzingela (i-guanaco ne-alpaca). Kwesinye isikhathi ama-condors azalaniswa kuma-zoo.
Andean Condor. Ividiyo (00:00:50)
U-Andean Condor (lat. Vultur gryphus) - inyoni evela emndenini wamaqhuqhuva aseMelika, okuwukuphela kommeleli wanamuhla we-monotypic genus Condor (Vultur). Kusatshalaliswa e-Andes nasogwini lwePacific lwaseNingizimu Melika. Kubhekwa njengenyoni enkulu kunazo zonke ezindizayo eWestern Hemisphere. I-Andean Condor iyinyoni enkulu enamapayipi amnyama acwebezelayo, ikhola yezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezungeze intamo yayo nezinsimbi ezimhlophe ezibanzi emaphikweni ayo, ikakhulukazi eshiwo ngabesilisa. Izimpaphe azikho njalo ekhanda neningi lentamo, kanti nezindawo zesikhumba ezingenalutho kule ndawo zivame ukuba nezithunzi ezisuka kupinki ophuzi zibe nsundu ngokubomvu, yize zingaguqula umbala wazo kuye ngesimo sale nyoni. Abesilisa be-Condor bahlukaniswa ngokuba khona “kwamakati” entanyeni ne-redst enkulu ebomvu emnyama, noma ukukhula okunamahlandle, ku-waxwort. Abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane, okuthi ngemvelo kungatholakali phakathi kwezinyoni ezidla inyama. I-condor idla kakhulu ku-carrion.
Ukubonakala kwenyoni iCondor
I-Andean Condor ingamasentimitha ayi-7 amafushane kunommeleli waseCalifornia, kodwa ine-mappan amakhulu, ingamasentimitha angama-270- 3220.
Isici esiyingqayizivele senyoni "ikhola" yayo emhlophe.
Abesifazane banesisindo esimaphakathi kwamakhilogremu ayi-8-11, abesilisa banesisindo esengeziwe - ama-11-16 kilos. Ubude bomzimba buhluka kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-100 kuye kwangama-130.
Usayizi womsila ngamasentimitha angama-35 38. Amaphawundi anobude bamasentimitha ayi-11-13. Izimpiko zingamasentimitha angama-80-90 ubude. Uqhwaku olukhulu lombala olukhanyayo lunesimo esenziwe ngesimo sehuku.
Ukuma kwekhanda kuthambile. Akukho zimpaphe ekhanda, kepha abesilisa bane-crest enkulu. Intamo ibuye ingenalutho futhi amafolda ayabonakala kakhulu kuwo. Umbala umnyama kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwentamo kufakelwe izimpaphe ezimhlophe ezibukeka njengekhola. Izimpiko ezingenhla zimbozwe izimpaphe ezinde ezimhlophe.
Ukukhula okuncane kunamaphepha amaningi ansundu. Intamo nekhanda labo kumnyama kunaleyo yezinyoni ezindala. Futhi ukhola entanyeni awumhlophe, kepha onsundu.
Ukuziphatha kweCondor emvelweni kanye nokudla kwabo
Lezi zinyoni zikwazi ukundiza amahora amaningi esibhakabhakeni, cishe ngaphandle kocingo olulodwa lophiko. Indlela enjalo yokundiza ingenzeka ngenxa yokusebenzisa ngobuchule ukuhamba komoya. Lolu hlobo lendiza luvumela ama-condors ukuthi onge amandla. Izinyoni zihlala emadwaleni aphakeme, okulula ukusuka kuzo. Lezi zinyoni zisuka emhlabathini ngobunzima, kufanele zisakaze.
Amakhondomu ahlala emaqenjini aqukethe abesilisa, abesifazane nabancane. Imindeni inesikhundla esiqinile.
Indiza ye-condor.
Lezi zinyoni zidla ngo-carrion, zithanda ama-artiodactyls amakhulu. Lezi zinyoni zitholakala ogwini. Emabhishi, ama-condors adla izidumbu zezinhlanzi nezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezigezwe ogwini. Lezi zinyoni zithanda amanzi asogwini ngoba kunokudla okwengeziwe.
Lezi zinyoni azidli kuphela izidumbu zezilwane, zidla namachwane namaqanda ezinye izinyoni.
Amakhondeni afuna inyamazane evela emoyeni. Imvamisa landela ezinye izinyoni ezidla no-carrion. Bahlala bedla ukudla endaweni, abakwazi ukukubeka ezinhlangeni zabo. Ngaphandle kokudla, ama-condors angahlala izinsuku eziningana. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye bangadla inyama eningi, kakhulu kangangokuba bahambe nobunzima.
Izici zeCondor nendawo yokuhlala
I-Andes neCordillera, bonke ubude bezwe laseNingizimu Melika busephethe i-Andean condor. ICalifornia Condor ayizindawo ezinkulu kangako ezivulekile. Indawo okukhona kuyo itholakala endaweni encane yezintaba eCalifornia.
Esithombeni, inyoni yaseCalifornia condor
Futhi olunye kanye nolunye uhlobo lwalezi zinyoni ezinhle zithanda ukuhlala ezintabeni eziphakeme, ukuphakama kwawo kungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-5000, lapho kubonakala kuphela amadwala angenalutho namamitha aluhlaza. Baphila impilo yokuhlala phansi.
Kepha kwizinyoni ezinkulu ezinjalo, izindawo ezinkulu nazo ziyadingeka, ngakho azinabantu abaningi. Zingatholakali kuphela ezintabeni eziphakeme, kepha nasemathafeni nasezintabeni zezinyawo.
ICoror bird Character kanye nendlela yokuphila
Amakhondomu ahlala yedwa kuze kube isikhathi sokufikisa. Lapho nje bengena kulesi sigaba bathola izithandani zabo futhi baqhubeke nokuhlala nazo kuze kuphele izinsuku zabo. Kuyamukelwa njalo emihlambini emikhulu yama-condors ukuthi izinyoni ezindala zindiza ezincane.
I-Condor yeduna ngakwesobunxele nangowesifazane
Futhi ngababili owesilisa uhlala ebusa phezu kowesifazane. Ingxenye yabo enkulu yempilo iqhubeka ezindizeni. Lezi zinyoni zinesisindo esiningi kakhulu ukuthatha umoya. Ngakho-ke, zihlala zitholakala emagqumeni, ngakho-ke kwakulula ukuzikhipha kuzo. I-condor ingakhuphuka kuphela emhlabathini kuphela lapho ibaleka kahle, okungelula kuye ngenxa yobukhulu bomzimba wayo nosayizi omkhulu.
Zincamela ukukhuphuka emoyeni ngamaphiko ezeluliwe esikhundleni sokuba zindizele njalo lapho zindiza. Ziyakwazi ukukhuphuka isikhathi eside e-midair, ngenkathi zidweba imibuthano enkulu.
Kuyathakazelisa wonke umuntu ukuthi le nyoni enkulu ingabamba kanjani emoyeni cishe isigamu sehora, ngaphandle kokushaya amaphiko ayo. Naphezu kwako konke ukubukeka okunokhahlo, ama-condors ayizinyoni ezinokuthula nezolile impela.
Abalokothi baxoshe abafowabo kude nezisulu futhi abalokothi baphikisane nabo ngonya. Izinduna zithanda nokubuka izenzo zazo zisuka ohlangothini. Bakha izidleke ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu ezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka. Lokhu akuyona neze into efana nesidleke. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, lesi sakhiwo sifana nelitha elijwayelekile elakhiwe ngamakha.
Ukudla kwe-Condor bird
Ungazideleli lezi zinhlwayi zezinyoni. Babheke yena kusuka endaweni ephakeme futhi behlela ekudleni. Zidla izinsalela ze-guanaco, inyamazane nezinye izilwane ezinkulu. Isisulu esinjalo kungenzeka ukuthi asivami ukubuka i-condor, ngakho ngaso sonke isikhathi uzama ukuthola okwanele ngekusasa.
Inyoni edla kakhulu ayikwazi ngisho nokusuka isikhathi eside ekucasheni kwayo. Indlala ayisiyibi kangako ama-condors. Ngaphandle kokudla, zingakhuphuka esibhakabhakeni izinsuku eziningana futhi zingalahlekelwa umsebenzi. Kunezikhathi lapho kunzima khona ukuthi umondli azitholele yena ukudla.
Ukuhlasela kukaCondor kule mpisi
Ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukukhulisa insimu yabo yombono. Lapho befika ogwini, bangathatha izinsalela zezilwane zasolwandle noma baqede umuntu omncane ongaguli. Zingakha isidleke enyoni yamakoloni, ziyonakalise futhi zidle wonke amaqanda. Isiza ekutholeni ukudla okuhamba kahle.
Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi ubheka indawo lapho efuna ukudla, ngombono wakhe wakamuva, umlandeli ulandela eduze izinyoni ezihlala eduze kwakhe. Kwezinye zazo, umqondo wephunga uthuthuka kangangokuba aze athole iphunga elidangele lokuqala kokubola inyamazane engenzeka.
Lapho-ke izinyoni ziqala ukusebenzisana, kuba lula kakhulu ukuthi umdlisi aklebhule inyamazane, ngenxa yamandla ayo namandla. Ama-Condors adlala indima enkulu ekuqoqeni i-carrion. Kunobungozi obuncane bokusabalalisa izifo ezithathelwanayo.
I-Ara parrot
Igama lesi Latin: | I-Vultur |
Igama lesiNgisi: | Kuyacaciswa |
Umbuso: | Izilwane |
Uhlobo: | Chordate |
Isigaba: | Izinyoni |
Ukuhlonza: | Hawk-like |
Umndeni: | Amabhubesi aseMelika |
Umusa: | Amakhondomu |
Ubude bomzimba: | 117-135 cm |
Ubude bephiko: | Kuyacaciswa |
I-Wingspan: | 275-310 cm |
Isisindo: | 7500-15000 g |
Ngaphezu kwe-Andean condor, inhlobo yemvelo eyivelakancane iyaziwa - iCarlor condor, emincane ngosayizi. Le nyoni icishe yanyamalala ngekhulu lama-20, kepha, kusukela ngeminyaka yo-1980, uhlelo seluqalisiwe ukubuyisa lolu hlobo eSan Diego Zoo.
Ubuningi nombala
I-plumage ye-condor ihlukile futhi igqamile. Cishe wonke umbala wale nyoni umnyama, ngaphandle kwekholithi elimhlophe eligoqekile entanyeni nasemikhawulweni emhlophe ebanzi emaphikweni, eliphawuleka ikakhulu abesilisa. Ikhanda nomphimbo we-condor azinawo umbala, isikhumba kulezi zindawo sivele ngombala opinki noma obomvu onsomi, kwesinye isikhathi kube nsundu. Lapho inyoni ijabule, lezi zindawo zesikhumba ziguqula umbala wazo zibe ophuzi noma obomvu, okuyisibonakaliso esiyisixwayiso kwabanye abantu. Ngokuzinakekela, izinyoni ngokwazo zihlanza amakhanda abo ngokucophelela kusuka ezimpaphe.
Ikhanda le-condor lithambile kancane kusuka phezulu. Emadodeni ihlotshiswe ngohlobo olukhulu olunamanzi ngombala obomvu omnyama, isikhumba esisendaweni yentamo sinwebekile futhi sakha lokho okubizwa nge- “catkin”. Uqhwaku lude, luqinile, lugobekile esiqeshini, simnyama ngenhla ophuzi. Uthingo lwamaduna lube nsundu, nokuthi lwabesifazane lubomvu ngokugqamile.
Ubuningi bezinyoni ezincane bunombala onsundu ngombala omnyama, ucishe waba mnyama, isikhumba ekhanda nasentanyeni, nekhola emsundu.
Ama-paws ampunga ngombala omnyama, izigqoko ziqondile, azibukhali.
Lapho kuhlala khona
U-Andean condor uhlala ezintabeni zase-Andes, ezintabeni ezitholakala entshonalanga yeNingizimu Melika. Umngcele osenyakatho webanga ufinyelela eVenezuela naseColombia, kodwa kulezi zindawo inyoni iyivelakancane. ENingizimu, uCondor uhlala e-Ecuador, ePere, eChile, eBolivia, kanye naseWestern Argentina kuze kube nguTierra del Fuego.
Enyakatho yebanga, ama-condors ahlala endaweni engenhla yezintaba, ezindaweni eziphakeme ukusuka ku-3000 kuya ku-5000 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, eningizimu imvamisa yehlela ezansi emaphethelweni namathafa.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, ama-condor ayedlangile, kepha muva nje inani labo labantu liye lancipha kakhulu.
I-California Condor (Ama-Gymnogyps californianus)
Amaphiko we-California condor afinyelela kumamitha amathathu. Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-125 cm, isisindo asidluli ku-14 kg. Amapayipi amnyama anezimpaphe ezimhlophe esiswini, entanyeni yenyoni kukhona ikhola emnyama enezimpaphe ezibukhali eziphuma ngezindlela ezihlukile. Uqhwaku lufushane, luqinile.
Izinhlobo zinqabile kakhulu, zitholakala ezintabeni zaseCalifornia, Arizona, Utah naseMexico. Phambilini, amakhondomu eCalifornia ayehlala kulo lonke izwekazi laseNyakatho Melika. Kepha ukundiza kwayo okuhle kwale nyoni kudonsele ukunaka kwabazingeli, ngenxa yokuthi kwakusondele ukuqothuka. Ngo-1987, kwabanjwa umahamba nendlwana wokugcina endle, futhi isibalo sezinyoni ngaleso sikhathi safinyelela kubantu abangama-27. Ngenhlanhla, ama-condors azala kahle ekudingisweni, futhi kakade ngonyaka ka-1992 izinyoni zaqala ukukhululwa.
Owesilisa nowesifazane: umehluko omkhulu
I-dimorphism ye-Condor yezocansi ibonakaliswa ngokuyinhloko ngosayizi wenyoni. Isisindo sabantu besilisa ngamakhilogremu ayi-11-16, kwabesifazane asuka ku-7.5 kuya ku-11 kg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa banezinsimbi ezinkulu ezinombala obomvu omnyama emakhanda abo, futhi isikhumba entanyeni yabo sithe bhinzi futhi bakha “amakati”. Emaphikweni amnyama e-condor yeduna, imivimbo emhlophe emaphethelweni nayo iyagqama.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
- I-Condor ingahlala ngaphandle kokudla isikhathi eside, bese idla kuze kube yi-3 kg yenyama ngokushesha, ngemuva kwalokho ayikwazi ukundiza phezulu.
- Ufuna ukudla phansi, i-condor iyandiza esibhakabhakeni isikhathi esingamahora amathathu, kuyilapho yena engasebenzisi amandla ekushayweni kwamaphiko.
- Ama-condors e-Andean anomkhuba wokujikisa ngezinyawo zawo, umchamo ongena esikhunjeni uvele futhi umzimba upholile ngale ndlela. Ngakho-ke, ama-paws we-condor avame ukumbozwa ngemithambo emhlophe ye-uric acid.
- I-Andean Condor ingesinye sezimpawu ze-Andes, kanye nophawu lukazwelonke e-Argentina, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia nase-Ecuador. Le nyoni iboniswa ezingalweni zeChile, iBolivia, iColombia kanye ne-Ecuador. ICoror idlala indima enkulu emasikweni ama-Andes. Imidwebo yomhume walezi zinyoni yavela eminyakeni engama-2 500 BC. Ezinganekwaneni zezizwe zamaNdiya, i-Andean condor yayihlotshaniswa nonkulunkulu welanga futhi yaqashelwa njengombusi wezwe eliphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-condor yayiwuphawu lwamandla namandla ezempilo, amaNdiya ayekholelwa ukuthi amathambo nezitho zangaphakathi zenyoni zinezinto zokwelapha. Le nkolelo yaholela ekuqothulweni kwezinyoni.
Incazelo Nezici
Lezi zinyoni ezidla inyama zingamalungu omndeni wezinyamazane futhi zingabahlali bezwekazi laseMelika. Ubukhulu beCondor okuhlaba umxhwele, ngenxa yabameli besizwe esinezintambo, lezi zidalwa ziphakathi kwezikhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni kanye nabameleli bezindiza abakhulu bezindiza zoMhlaba oMnyama.
Zingafinyelela ngaphezu kwemitha ngobukhulu, ngenkathi zinesisindo esingama-15 kg. Uma ufaka uqhwaku lwensimbi enamandla ngesimo segwegwe ekubukekeni kwakho, umzimba oqinile nemilenze eqinile, ukubukeka kuzobahlaba umxhwele.
Inyoni enguCondor
Kepha inyoni indiza indiza kakhulu. ICondor Wingspan ingamamitha amathathu, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nangaphezulu. Futhi ngakho-ke ubheka emoyeni lapho indiza esibhakabhakeni, ebasakaza, ngokubabazekayo.
Akumangazi ukuthi amaNdiya kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo akhonza le nyoni, edala izinganekwane ukuthi unkulunkulu welanga ngokwakhe uthumela izidalwa ezinjalo emhlabeni. Futhi indiza izungeza izindawo, ibheka okwenzeka emhlabeni. Izithunywa zinakekela izimpilo zabantu ukuthi zibike ngakho konke kuye nalowo osezulwini onamandla.
Imidwebo yomhume eyatholakala yalezi zidalwa, eyayihlangene namakhosi wezwe eliphakeme, yenziwa umbhangqwana weminyaka ngaphambi kokufika kwabaseYurophu ezwenikazi. Lokhu kufakazela ukuthi izinyoni ezinjalo bezilokhu zihlala emcabangweni womuntu kusukela esikhathini sakudala.
Izakhamizi zomdabu zaseMelika zaqamba izinganekwane ezimbi ngalezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko. Izindaba ezifanayo zisakaza ukuthi laba bantu abadla ezinye izingane kuthiwa bathwele izingane ezincane baze bafaka abantu abadala ezidlekeni zabo ukondla amantshontsho abo. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka into efana nale, empeleni ayimfushane, ngoba laba abamele umbuso onezinwele abadumile neze ngokhahlo kubantu.
I-Wing Span California Condor
Impucuko yamakhulu eminyaka asanda kwedlula icindezele kakhulu lezi zidalwa ezinhle zivela ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo. Namuhla, ngeshwa, ama-condors awavamile futhi atholakala kuphela ezindaweni eziphakeme zamahhotela eMelika.
Izindawo ezinjengalezi zifaka ezinye izindawo zaseVenezuela kanye neColombia, kanye neTierra del Fuego. ENyakatho Melika, lezi zimo zezilwane zisekhona, kepha zimbalwa kakhulu zazo.
Isici esijabulisayo sokubukeka kwalezi zinyoni futhi nentamo ebomvu engenalutho. Le mininingwane ihlukile kangangokuba kungalesi sisekelo lapho i-condor ingahlukaniswa kwezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama.
Izinhlobo zeCondor
Izinhlobo ezimbili zalabo abamele iziloba zasezulwini ziyaziwa. Zibonakaliswa ikakhulukazi ngendawo yokuhlala, kepha ziyehluka ngeminye imininingwane yokubukeka. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinikezwa amagama ngokuya ngendawo lapho abamele bazo behlangana khona.
Andean Condor ekundizeni
1. Andean Condor engxenyeni enkulu inombala omnyama wezimpaphe, oluqhathaniswa kahle nokuhluka nalombala, umngcele omhlophe weqhwa othambisa amaphiko, kanye no “khola” womsamo ofanayo. Ukukhula okusha kugqame ngombala onsundu wezimpaphe.
Ukuhlala e-Andes, imvamisa lezi zidalwa zikhetha iziza ekuphakameni okukhulu, lapho noma yiluphi uhlobo lwempilo lungabanzi. Izinyoni ezinje kwesinye isikhathi nazo zingatholakala kwezinye izindawo ezigcwele izintaba zogu lwePacific.
ECoror condor
2. ECoror condor. Umzimba wezinyoni ezinjalo mude, kepha amaphiko amafushane kakhulu kunawomndeni. Umbala walezi zinyoni umnyama kakhulu. “Amakhola” amangalisa ezimpaphe afaka intamo.
Ngaphansi kwamaphiko ungabona izindawo ezimhlophe ngesimo sikanxantathu. Ikhanda liphuzi, liyimpandla. I-plumage of young brown-brown, ihlotshiswe ngephedi yesikali nomngcele. Lokhu okuhlukahlukene akukhona nje ukuthi kuyivelakancane, kodwa esikhathini esithile kubhekwa njengokucishe kuphele.
Ngempela, ngasikhathi esithile ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lokugcina emhlabeni kwakukhona izinyoni ezinjalo ezingama-22. Kepha ngokunembile ngenxa yalokhu, kwathathwa izinyathelo zokuzalela kwabo okwenziwe ngobuciko. Futhi ngenxa yalokho, izinyoni ezinjalo manje sezikhona emvelweni. Esithombeni se-condor izici zalolo hlobo ngalunye zibonakala kahle.