IPinwheel iyinyoni ye-Woodpecker, encane ngosayizi, ikhulu kancane kondlunkulu. Yathola igama layo ngenxa yentamo engasuki kakhulu, ekwazi ukujikeleza kunoma yiliphi i-angle. Umbala wayo uyafana nowembuzi, izimpaphe ezingwevu zivelele phakathi kwezimpaphe.

Ngenxa yombala wayo, i-turntable ihlangana cishe ngokuphelele nesiqu sesihlahla futhi kunzima impela ukuyiphawula ngeso elinqunu, futhi ikhetha ukuhlala emgqeni wezihlahla, yehlela emhlabathini kuphela uma kunesidingo ngokuphelele.

Kungani le nyoni ihola indlela enjalo? Iqiniso ukuthi i-verticeshell ngokwemvelo ibuthakathaka ngokwemvelo, ngakho-ke uma umhlaseli (ikati, ngokwesibonelo) eyihlasela ngokuzumayo, lapho-ke kuzoba nzima ukundiza ngokushesha.

Ngenhlanhla, imvelo yaqinisekisa ukuthi zonke lezi zinyoni azange zibanjwe izintandokazi zomuntu onamakhanda: izihlakala zalo namawashi ahlelwe ngendlela yokuthi ibambelele ngokuthembekile emagatsheni anjengokuthi iningi labazingeli abancane abakwazi ukugibela akasaphumeleli njenge-Woodpecker).

Uma inyoni yehlela emhlabathini, khona-ke ihamba ngokunyakaza okugxuma. Izwi le-turntable likhulu futhi liyabhoboza, kepha uma lithathwa ngokumangala, inyoni iqala ukukhala futhi ithathe indawo esongelayo futhi, ngokwezinga elithile, ngokuziphatha kwayo, iqala ukufana nenyoka.

Ngabe i-turntable ihlala kuliphi indawo?

I-turntable ihlala cishe kuzo zonke iziqhingi nezwekazi; ungahlangana nale nyoni lapho kunesimo sezulu esithe xaxa noma esomile. Kuholela endleleni yokuphila yokufuduka, kepha uma ihlala endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside ngokwanele, khona-ke iqala izidleke ezivunguzayo.

Ibuya emazweni afudumele maphakathi nentwasahlobo, cishe ngenyanga ka-Ephreli, lapho sekufudumele ngokwanele. Impukane indiza isondele ngasekupheleni kwehlobo - ukuqala ekwindla, kepha uma isimo sezulu sifudumele kahle, inyoni ingahlala kuze kube ngu-Okthoba.

Ama-turntable akuvamile ukuhlala emahlathini, njengoba khetha ukuhlala lapho kukhona khona izihlahla ezingakhuli kakhulu. Izihlahla namapaki, imiphetho ethopha amagquma nezihlahla ezinesizungu zisebenza njengendawo yokuhlala ekahle; ukhetha ukuhlala hhayi phezulu kakhulu emhlabathini.

Futhi, i-turntable ayinandaba nezitshalo ezinesiphepho, iziqu nezihlahlana. Amacala aqaphelekile lapho i-turntable ixazululwa ngezihlahla zezithelo.

I-turntable ayihlali ezindaweni zesomiso esinzima, ngoba inhlabathi emanzi iyisidingo sokusinda kwayo. I-verticeshell ayideleli ukuthatha indawo yokuma eyenziwe ngonyaka edlule nayo. Esimweni lapho isidleke sesihlala inyoni encane, khona-ke isilo esidonsela amanzi ngezinyawo sikhipha ikhonkothi lale nyoni esidlekeni bese lihlala lapho uqobo.

Ngabe ikhula kanjani inzalo?

Lapho abesilisa beqala isizini yabo yokuzalela, baqala ukuhlabelela izingoma ezithile zesifazane ezifane kakhulu nokucula izingoma ze-Woodpeckers. Imvamisa le nkathi iqala entwasahlobo, lapho inyoni kuphela indizela endaweni entsha.

Amaqanda anombala omhlophe, omfushane kancane. Zincane kakhulu ngosayizi, amasentimitha amabili kuphela. Ku-clutch eyodwa kukhona amaqanda ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi nambili. Kokubili owesilisa nowesilisa babandakanyeka ekubambeni kweminye imikhovu, bakwenza ngokulandelana.

Kuyadingeka ukukha amaqanda isikhathi eside ngokwanele, cishe amasonto amabili. Ngemuva kwenyanga ngemuva kokudonswa usulu, amapayipi aqala ukuvela amachwane. Ehlobo, amantshontsho kufanele aqine ngokwanele futhi abaleke ukuze andize kamuva ngezinyoni ezindala. Bangakwazi ukwakha imihlambi yabo futhi bajoyine ekhona.

Lapho amachwane eqala ukuphila impilo yokuzimela, abazali bangahlela enye i-clutch (kaningi kwenzeka ukuthi amaphuphu abopha kaninginingi ngesizini).

Ngesikhathi sokunakekela kwabazali amachwane, inqwaba yemfucuza nokungcola kuqongelela esidlekeni, ngoba izinkontileka azihlanza isidleke nhlobo, ngokungafani nezinye, izinyoni ezihlanzekile kakhudlwana, ezenza lokhu njalo.

Ngabe idlani le nyoni?

Le nyoni, njengabanye abaningi, iyindlela engavikeleki. Idla izintuthwane nezinye izinambuzane ezincane. Kwesinye isikhathi inyoni yonakalisa izindondo, ngoba isebenzisa ulimi lwayo olude, olunamathele impela.

Umhlisela e-anthill bese elinda izintuthwane ezinganaki ukuba zinamathele kuye, emva kwalokho azidle. Ngesinye isikhathi, ngisho nenyoni ebukekayo ingadla izinambuzane eziyikhulu.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Uhlobo lwama-vertices (Jynx) amelwe izinhlobo ezimbili - ama-vertices ajwayelekile (i-Jynx torquilla) kanye ne-red-nodated (Jynx ruficollis). Okuvamile kubanzi kakhulu, kuyaziwa futhi kufundwe kakhulu. Igama lesiLatini lohlobo lusetshenziselwa igama lesiGreki elisho ukuthi “ukusonteka”. Ikhombisa isici esinyantisa kunazo zonke sale nyoni: ngokwesaba nangokwethaba, ithatha isici esinegalelo futhi nge-spsing curls yentamo yayo, njengenyoka.

Abamele i-turntable ejwayelekile evela ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zobubanzi inezici ezihlukile, umehluko ubonakaliswa kakhulu kumbala weplamu nephethini yayo, ngokwengxenye ethile.

Ividiyo: Iyaphenduka

Ngokusekelwe kulezi zimpawu, kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-7 subspecies ziyahlukaniswa, ezi-6 zazo ziqashelwa yinyunyana yabasebenzi be-ornithologists:

• uhlobo lwasendaweni ehlala iningi laseYurophu,
• i-subspecies ka Zarudny (J. t. sarudnyi) waseNtshonalanga weSiberia ilula futhi ayinamibala engaphansi kwangaphansi,
• Ama-subspecies amaShayina (J. t. Chinensis) ahlala izikhala ezivulekile zaseSiberia empumalanga yeYenisei, China, iziqhingi zaseKuril, eSakhalin,
• ama-subspecies aseHimalayan (J. t. himalayana) ahlala ezintabeni zaseHimalaya, athuthela phezulu noma phansi,
• u-subspecies uChusi (J. t. tschusii) uhlala eningizimu ye-Europe, okuncane kakhulu futhi ene-tinge ebomvu,
• ama-subspecies amaMoorish (J. t. mauretanica) ahlala yedwa ezintabeni zasenyakatho nentshonalanga ye-Afrika, lezi zingabantu abahlala phansi.

Izintambo ezibomvu ezinemichilo zihlala emisebeni yase-Afrika, eningizimu yeSahara. Inombala onsundu onsundu, uhlangothi olungezansi lomzimba lubomvu. Imikhuba iyafana nsejwayelekile, kepha izimpilo zixazululiwe. Umlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo wama-turntable kanye nama-woodpeckers uwonke awunabufakazi obuncane bezinto ezibonakalayo, kepha singasho ukuthi abameleli bomndeni cishe abayizigidi ezingama-50 ezedlule babevele bahlangana eYurophu naseMelika. Izinhlobo zesimanje zavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - cishe kwi-Middle Miocene (eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-10-15 eyedlule).

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Ingabe ubukeka njengento ebabayo

I-turntable ejwayelekile incane - i-17-20 cm ubude, amaphiko ayo abe ngama-25-30 cm ububanzi, futhi isisindo esingu-30-50 g. Inenhloko enkulu ejwayelekile kuma-woodpeckers nolimi olude lokukhipha izinambuzane kunoma yikuphi ukuloba. Imilenze yenyoni - i-woodpecker ifakwe iminwe emi-4, emibili iqondiswe phambili kuthi emibili iqondiswe emuva. Kepha, noma kunjalo, i-torso ayiphelele njenge-Woodpecker: uqhwaku olufushane alunamandla njenge-patel ye-Woodpecker, nomsila omncane oyindilinga, oqukethe izimpaphe ezithambile, awukuvumeli ukuthi uncike kuwo lapho ufika phezu kwesiqu esiqonde phezulu.

I-dimorphism yezocansi ayibonakali. Bobabili ubulili bagqoka ingubo engashintshiwe yombala ovikelayo. Ngokuvamile, ngombala onsundu futhi ompunga kakhulu, "chintz". Ikhanda lingwevu, isigaxa esimnyama sidlula esweni. Umphimbo nesifuba kuphuzi. Isidumbu esingaphezulu simnyama, sinezimnyama ezibabazekayo ezihlangana zibe yinqwaba eliqhubekayo ngemuva kwekhanda nasemhlane. Isisu esikhanyayo sinamahlamvu amancane amancane akha imivimbo emphinjeni, njenge-cockoo. Izimpaphe zamaphiko zinombala onsundu ngombala, ziboshwe ngokuqinile, ngama-strks akhanya namnyama nemivimbo. Iso limnyama, nesikhumba semilenze.

Entwasahlobo, abesilisa abangashadile beculo elinamandla, okungukuthi, bakhipha uchungechunge olufushane, luze lube yi-4 ngomzuzwana, luyakhala. Abesifazane baphendula kubo ngommoya ofanayo, kuthi ngemuva komshado bayeke ukucula. Uma kwenzeka kukhathazeka ngabo, umuntu angaphinde ezwe ukukhala okufushane nokubukhali.

Ihlala kuphi i-turntable?

Photo: Turtle bird

Uhla lokudlela lwesiphathi esivamile laphaya luhlanganisa ugu lwaseMedithera lwase-Afrika bese luqala nge-Eurasia lusuka eScandinavia naseSpain luye eJapan. Cishe ihlala kuyo yonke indawo ehlathini, ngokwengxenye ye-steppe ngisho nogwadule. Izinyoni zase-Europe ikakhulukazi zihlala emazweni aseMedithera naseScandinavia, kutholakala imiphakathi engatheni enkabeni yeYurophu.

E-Russia, umngcele wobubanzi enyakatho usebenza ngokulingana no-65 ° C. w. engxenyeni yase-Yurophu, ngama-66 ° eNtshonalanga yeSiberia futhi eduzane nasenyakatho, afinyelela kuma-69 ° eKolyma. Umngcele wobubanzi oseningizimu uqhubeka neVolgograd, ngo-50 ° C. w. (Ama-Urals) futhi kuqhubeke naseKazakhstan, eMongolia, eNyakatho China. Kutholakala imvelo yomuntu ngamunye ezindaweni ezinezintaba zase-Central Asia nase China.

Ukusuka cishe kuwo wonke amaphuzu ebanga le-nesting, ama-verticiens athuthela eningizimu ngokuqala kwekwindla, okubuye futhi kuwahlukanise kuma-Woodpeckers:

• ukusuka eMedithera bathuthela kwezinye izindawo eziseningizimu,
• kusukela ezintabeni zase-Asia Ephakathi kwehlela ezigodini,
• lezo ezidla enkabeni nasenyakatho yeYurophu kanye naseSiberia eNtshonalanga zindiza zihamba ngeSahara ziye emahlathini asezindaweni nasehlathini elisabekayo lase-Afrika, ziye eCongo naseCameroon,
• Ama-turntable avela eCentral Siberia naseMpumalanga Ekude aya e-India, eningizimu yeJapan naseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia,
• abanye abantu abasuka eMpumalanga Ekude bandizela e-Alaska, beguqula i-awl ibe yinsipho.

Ukuze izidleke, i-vertichike ejwayelekile ikhetha amahlathi amadala axutshwe nalawo aqinile ngaphandle kokuqina futhi ngezihlahla eziyize (linden, birch, aspen). Kwezinye izindawo, ngokwesibonelo, eScandinavia ihlala emahlathini acwengile. Izidleke zaseViet ezindaweni ezigqamile, ezivame ukuphazamiseka: emaphethelweni ehlathi, emaphethelweni okucaca, emabhande asehlathini, osebeni lwezidumbu zamanzi. Umakhelwane nabantu abesabi futhi bengahlala ezivandeni nasemapaki.

Imvamisa, le nyoni itholakala endaweni yehlathi nasendaweni esehlathini, ngoba ayithandi amahlathi aminyene kanye nezikhala ezivulekile ngokuphelele. Kuphela kokufuduka ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwesizini kungabonakala phakathi kwamasimu, izimfunda nezindunduma ezisogwini. Ama-turntible overwinter ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinamahlathi amahlathi angavamile, njengama-savannahs. Into esemqoka ukuba nokudla.

Ngabe kudlani i-turntable?

Photo: Turntable eRussia

Isisekelo sokudla kwalolu hlobo lwezinambuzane, ngezinga elincane - imikhiqizo yezitshalo:

• izintuthwane zezinhlobo zonke (ihlathi elikhulu, umhlaba ophuzi, i-turf, nezinye) - inyamazane enkulu yezinyoni ngenkathi kudliwa amaphuphu, okucishe kube yingxenye yokudla, ikakhulukazi izibungu ne-pupae kudliwa,
• ezinye izinambuzane kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula: amabhungane (amabhungane amabhungane, amabhungane amaqabunga, amabhungane namabhungane emhlabathini), ama-aphid, izimvemvane ezincane, ama-orthopterans, izimbungulu, amasicadada, izintethe, izimpukane, omiyane nezinye izimbila,
• izibungu ezincane (umhlaba),
• izintwala zezinkuni nezicabucabu ziwela emilonyeni yazo, ngoba zivame ukucasha ngaphansi kwamagxolo,
• amaqanda wezinyoni ezincane, ngokwesibonelo, i-tit enkulu iya kondla amantshontsho,
• ama-slugs, ama-gastropods amancane omhlaba kanye nama-tadpoles ngezikhathi ezithile aba yizisulu zawo,
• ekudleni kwezitshalo basebenzisa izithelo ezinamanzi namajikijolo (iparele, kamalibhele, iblueeberry, ijikijolo),
• izingcezu ze-foil, insimbi neplastiki zitholakala esiswini, kepha akunakwenzeka ukuthi zigwinywe ukwanelisa indlala.

Uqhwaku lwama-turntable alubuthakathaka kakhulu ukuba lugebhe amagxolo njengama-woodpeckers, noma bambe umhlabathi. Bangakwazi kuphela ukuthambeka ngaphansi kwesikali segxolo, emifantu, otshanini nasenhlabathini evulekile, besebenzisa ulimi olushintshashintshayo njengofakazi. Amandla okuhamba ezindaweni eziqonde phezulu zibasiza ukuthi bathole ukudla hhayi emhlabathini kuphela, kodwa futhi nakuziqu zezihlahla.

Ngenkathi bondla amaphuphu abo, abazali benza isilinganiso sezindiza ezi-5 kuya kweziyi-10 ngehora phakathi nosuku, kuye ngeminyaka yabondayo. Amaphayiphu amancane kakhulu nezibungu zezintuthwane zilethwa ezincane, kubantu abadala abaningi - ukudla okuhlukile kakhulu. Ibanga abalindiza isikhathi ngasinye lapho befuna ukudla liphakathi kwamamitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-350.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Izazi zemvelo zaseNdiya, zibuka isithwebuli sobusika, zithola ukuthi zidla inyoni encane. Ibambe inyoni emathangeni ayo, igqekezeke ngobuciko futhi ibambe isidumbu. Akugcinanga lapho, yena uqobo wabulala inyoni noma wacosha isisulu somuntu.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Turntable ngesimo

Ngesikhathi sokufuduka nobusika, ama-turntable angahlangana ngemihlambi emincane yezinyoni eziyi-10 kuye kwezingu-12, kepha ehlobo zihlala zihlukaniswe ngababili. Izimbotshana zombili zensimu ngayinye, zigcina ibanga phakathi kwezidleke okungenani ezingama-150 - 250 m. Kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu lapho zihlala zisondelene. Bayigcina imfihlo, bangazikhangisi ngobukhona babo.

Esikhathini esiningi, izinyoni zidla, zigibela amagatsha neziqu zezihlahla futhi ngokuqhubekayo ziqoqa izintuthwane nezinye iziphikisi ngaphansi nangamagxolo. Imvamisa yehlela emhlabathini, lapho ihamba khona ngokuxhuma okufushane nokulinganisa ngomsila wayo ophakeme. Ngokuqhubekayo kuhlwitha izinambuzane otshanini nasemfucumfucwini, azilahli ukuqaphela kwazo, ziqaphe njalo indawo ezungezile. Ukundiza kwama-turntable kuhamba kancane futhi kungalingani, kepha ngandlela-thile angabamba izinambuzane ezindizayo.

Inyoni ehleli esihlahleni ithatha isici esibonakalayo esinekhanda laso liphakeme futhi uqhwaku lwayo luphakanyisiwe. Mhlawumbe le yindlela alingisa ngayo ukulunywa. Emhlanganweni wabantu ababili, kodwa hhayi abashadikazi, benza uhlobo lwamasiko: baphonsa amakhanda abo aphakanyisiwe, bavula imilomo yabo banikine amakhanda, ngesinye isikhathi bawaphonsa ohlangothini olulodwa. Kungasho ukuthini, akekho owaziyo.

Isici sokuqala sama-turntable yindlela yokuziphatha uma kwenzeka ingozi. Inyoni, ethuke esidlekeni noma ibanjiwe, yehlise amaphiko ayo, iselule umsila wayo, yelule intamo yayo futhi ijikeleze njengenyoka, bese iphonsa ikhanda emuva, bese iyiguqula ibheke eceleni. Izimpaphe zime ekugcineni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uveza njengenyoka futhi konke lokhu, kuhlanganiswe nomphumela wokumangala, kudala umbono ophelele wesilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, le nyoni yenza sengathi ifile futhi ilenga ezandleni zombambi ngamehlo ayo avalekile.

Ukufika kwentwasahlobo kwenzeka ngokunganakwa, kaningi ebusuku. Bafika ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussia engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli, enyakatho engxenyeni yokuqala noma ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi (Yakutia). Zibuye zibaleke ngokungafanele ekwindla, ziqala ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube ngoNovemba (Kaliningrad).

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Turtle bird

Ama-turntables awazihluphi ngokukhetha umlingani ofanele futhi njalo ngonyaka, lapho ebuya eningizimu, thola entsha. Maphakathi neRussia, imfuhlumfuhlu yokuqala yenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni.

Indawo efanelekile esidlekeni ingaba kunoma iyiphi ukuphakama okufika kumamitha ayi-3, okungaphansi kakhulu ukuphakama: umgodi esiqwini esibolile, esiqwini, emgodini wokugwinya esiqongweni somfula, umgodi odongeni lwesibaya. Izindlu zokwakha ezinjengezindlu zezinyoni nezindlu zezinyoni zithanda izinyoni. Ikakhulu kaningi bakha isidleke embobeni, kepha bona uqobo, njengama-woodpeckers, abakwazi ukuphuma futhi bafuna okuqediwe. Akukhathalekile ukuthi ngabe konke kumatasatasa. I-Turntable ixazulula inkinga yezindlu kalula: ixosha abanikazi. Ngaphandle kokuthi zincane, ezinye ziyindiza.

Owesilisa uthola indawo enhle futhi aqale ukucula, ebiza le ntokazi. Uma engaphenduli kungakapheli izinsuku ezimbili, ushintsha indawo. Uma ephendula, khona-ke uzolinda aze afike kancane kancane, ngezikhathi ezithile ezwakala naye.

Aaziqoqi noma yiziphi izinto zokwakha futhi anelisekile ngezinsalela zothuli nezidala ezindala, uma zisesigodini. Kulokhu kudoti, insikazi ibeka (5) 7 - 10 (14) amaqanda amhlophe 16 - 23 × 13 - 17 mm ngosayizi. Abalingani bafaka amaqanda ngokuhlukile, yize insikazi ikwenza kaningi amasonto ama-2. Eduzane nesidleke baziphatha buthule, uma kwenzeka befikelwa yingozi, bazifihla ngaphansi kwegxolo. Kepha uma isitha sikhonkotha emgodini, inyoni ikhombisa inombolo yayo yomqhele nenyoka.

Amakati awazalwa ngasikhathi sinye futhi imikhakha yobudala ehlukene isondelene komunye nomunye, okudala ukuncintisana okungenampilo. Abazali babondla ngezinsuku ezingama-23 - 27, kuze kube yilapho izingane ziqala ukundiza ngasekupheleni kukaJuni. Lapho-ke, abazali bangabeka izingane zakho.

Izitha zemvelo zo-vertices

Photo: Ingabe ubukeka njengento ebabayo

I-turntable ayinazitha ezithile, ingasongelwa yibo bonke abathanda amaqanda, amaphuphu nenyama yenyoni.

Le nyoni incane, ayikwazi ukuzivikela futhi abaningi bangayicaphukisa, iqala ngezihlobo:

• izinkuni ezinkulu, isibonelo, i-motley enkulu, zixosha izinyoni emigodini yazo eziyithandayo,
• izinyoni ezidla - i-buzzard, i-black kite, i-falcons kanye namakati (izigwaca ne-goshawk) zihlasela izinyoni ezindala,
• izinkambi ezinwabuzelayo, umfela uqobo, i-ermine, i-sable ingonakalisa izidleke,
• Ama-squirrel athande ukudla amaqanda ezinyoni namachwane futhi ayakwazi ukungena emigodini,
• wonke umuntu unezinambuzane, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezihlukile zokuchithwa kwegazi (amazeze, izintwala, imikhaza), izibungu kanye nabameleli. Njengoba ama-turntable efuduka, angatheleleka ngamagciwane lapho eholidini futhi awalethe ezindaweni zokudla izidleke. Lo mzuzu wokuxhumeka emvelweni usafundwa kabi kakhulu.

Isimo sezulu esinethayo nesibandayo sithintela ukukhula kwamantshontsho futhi sandise indiza yaso, lokho kwandisa ubungozi babo bokudliwa. Indima engemihle yomuntu empilweni yama-turntable ivezwa ekubhujisweni kwezindawo zokuhlala, ikakhulukazi ukuncishiswa kwama-groves nezihlahla ngazinye, ukuhlanza amahlathi ezihlahla ezindala nezibolile. Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane kubukela phansi ukutholakala kokudla, okungenani ezindaweni ezinamapulazi amaningi.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ama-tits amakhulu angagqekeza izidleke zama-turntable futhi abulale namachwane emzabalazweni wezindawo zokuthola izidleke. Lokhu kuyathakazelisa, ngoba ama-turntables enza ngokufanayo ngezimpawu ezinkulu. Ama-Tits anolaka futhi ashesha kakhulu, ama-turrets akhudlwana, ngakho-ke impi phakathi kwalezi zinyoni isesilinganisweni esilinganayo.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Isimo sezinhlobo, ngokwe-IUCN: "ukukhathazeka okuncane". Isilinganiso esilinganiswayo senani lomhlaba sezinyoni siyizigidi eziyi-15, ububanzi bukhulu. Kwezinye izifunda, inani labantu abahle bancipha noma lanyamalala (iNgilandi, iPortugal, iBelgium, iNetherlands, iJalimane, neDenmark), kepha iningi liseningi lazo. ESpain, ngababili abayizinkulungwane ezingama-45, eFrance bakhuphuka ngababili abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu, eDenmark cishe ngababili abayizi-150 - 300, eFinland - ngababili abayizinkulungwane eziyi-19, eSweden bakhuphuka ngababili abayizinkulungwane ezingama-20, inani lezinyoni e-Italy liyanda.

E-Russia, kusuka ezinkulungwaneni eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-300 kuye kwezingama-800. Ubuningi babantu bezinyoni esifundeni esifanayo bungahluka kusuka kuma-20 kuye ku-0,2 km ngazinye, kuya ngohlobo lwezimila. Ikakhulu, esifundeni saseTambov, izidleke ezihlala emahlathini zikaphayini ziyizi-8 ngazimbili / km2, emahlathini aqatha - i-8, emahlathini ahlanganisiwe - 7.5, emahlathini acinene - 7.5. Lezi zinyoni zivame kakhulu futhi ziningi esifundeni saseRostov naseVoronezh, zitholakala yonke indawo eNtshonalanga Siberia, kepha ngezikhathi ezithile, zivame esifundeni saseKemerovo, eKrasnoyarsk Territory naseTuva.

Iqiniso elihehayo: ENgilandi, ama-turntable adleke kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Sekukonke, ngonyaka we-1954 kwaba nezidleke zokuhlala eziyi-100 - 200, ngonyaka we-1964 - 26 - 54 izidleke, ngonyaka we-1973 - azidluli izidleke ezi-5. Ngo-1981, yize izinyoni ngazinye zatholakala, azizange zidleke.

Ngasikhathi sinye, inani lalezi zinhlobo lancishiswa eScandinavia nasemazweni asenkabeni yeYurophu. Izimbangela ezingenzeka ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokwehla kwezindawo ezidlekayo. Indima enkulu yadlalwa ngokubhujiswa kwezihlahla ezizungeze amasimu, ukugawulwa kwezindawo zokwenziwa nezihlahla zodwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kokubulala izinambuzane.

Wryneck isilwane esijabulisayo nesingajwayelekile. Mhlawumbe uzokwazi ukuhlangana nale nyoni enesizotha epulazini elingaphansi kwepaki yedolobha noma engadini yakho, okuvela ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo okunikeze isipho esimangalisayo - amandla okumelela inyoka. Isiqinisekiso esingaphezulu sokuthi azikho izilwane ezingenandaba. Noma ngubani nje udinga ukufunda okwengeziwe ngaye, ugcina amathalenta amangalisayo.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala

Bheka nje izithombe zeminwe ukuze uqiniseke: ngokuya ngosayizi, inyoni isondelene nokuhleleka kwama-passerines kune-woodpeckers ahlobene nayo. Ubude bomzimba ngokuvamile abudluli kuma-20 cm, kanti amaphiko ayahlukahluka ukusuka ku-24 kuye ku-29 cm.

Isisindo se-turntable akuvamile ukuba ngaphezu kwama-50 amagremu. Ngokuya ngesakhiwo somlenze, ulimi kanye nokundiza okufana namagagasi, ayaphinda afane nondlunkulu izwi le-turntable Kulula ukudida nabanye abamele iqembu le-Woodpecker.

Ubuningi bezinsiba zamapheshana bufana negxolo lesihlahla, okuvumela izinyoni ukuba zicashe emiqheleni egxotshiwe ukuhlaselwa okungalindelekile kuhlasela. Umbala walezi zinyoni uphethwe ngamathoni ampunga ansundu, emuva nesisu kumbozwe izindawo ezimhlophe namaphethini we-wavy.

I-Plumage amachwane amatafula iphinda imibala yabantu abadala ngaphandle kwamaphethini acacile futhi acacile. Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwale nyoni ibanzi kakhulu, futhi namuhla ingatholakala eningizimu yeYurophu, ePortugal, eFrance, eSpain futhi, empeleni, kulo lonke ugu lweMedithera.

Futhi, ama-turntable atholakala eChina, eMongolia, Korea nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia. E-Russia, zivame ukutholakala ngqo ezingxenyeni eziPhakathi neziseNingizimu, eziNtabeni zase-Ural nasegodini lomfula iLena. Izinhlobo eziningi zama-turntable, ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni zomndeni we-Woodpecker, zithambekele ekufudukeni isikhathi eside sonyaka.

Ngobusika, bashiya amakhaya abo baya e-Afrika, e-India, e-Ethiopia nakwamanye amazwe anesimo sezulu esishisayo esishisayo. Ama-turntable akhetha ukuhlala emahlathini anezimbali ezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo ezixubile, lapho ejabule khona ukuthola izidleke ezilahliwe emindenini, emiphongolweni, ezinsumeni nakwezinye izihlahla. Zingatholakala kaningi phakathi kwama-steppes, izihlahla zezithelo, izivini, amasimu ezitshalo kanye nezindawo ezifanayo zomhlaba.

Ama-turntable awanandaba nabazingeli, ngakho-ke, avame ukuhlala endaweni eseduze yomuntu emaphethelweni ezindawo zokuhlala noma ngqo phakathi kwamapaki, amabala kanye namapulazi aseduze. Gwema i-taiga, amahlathi amnyama amnyama nezinye izindawo ezihlukaniswa ukungena kancane kwelanga.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

Ngenxa yomlomo obuthakathaka, ama vertices awakwazi ukufaka imbobo esegangeni lesihlahla, ahlala kwenye indawo noma elahliwe yindawo eyenziwe ngokhuni, ondlunkulu nezinye izinyoni. Kwezinye izimo, ukuthumba isidleke akusebenzi ngaphandle kokuxabana okunodlame, ngenxa yokuthi uhlangothi olulahlekayo lushiya umgodi.

Bazithanda ngokukhethekile izindlu ezinjalo ezinendawo emincane futhi emide, okwenza kube nzima ngisho nesandla somuntu ukungena. Ukwesaba noma ukumangala, inyoni ye-pinwheel wehlisela umphimbo wakhe, ube njengexoxo futhi wenza imisindo engafani nezithulu ngethemba lokuthi uzosabisa umhlaseli.

Kwesinye isikhathi kwenza imisindo yokukhala kwengqondo okungadideka kalula nezinyoka. FUTHI ophuzi nesipingiNjengabameleli beqembu le-Woodpecker, basebenzisa amasiginali afanayo asetshenziselwa ukuxhumana kanye nokuheha ukunakwa.

Lezi zimpawu zifaka uchungechunge lwe-melodic hhayi imisindo eminingi efana nokukhala kwenyoni yezinambuzane. Ama-turntables angahola impilo yodwa noma ungene emihlambini emincane masinyane ngaphambi kwenkathi yokufuduka, okuqalwa ngokuvela okuhlukahlukene ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala nendawo yesimo sezulu.

Ama-turntables awazi ukuthi angakukhamba kanjani phakathi kwesiqu semithi njengezinkuni ezihlobene nazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi uqhwaku kuphela, kepha nezimpiko zalezi zinyoni zakhiwe ngaphansi, ezingazenza zibe yizisulu ezilula zazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezizingelayo ze-feline.

Kodwa-ke, lezi zinyoni zinezidladla eziqinile ezinamakhwapha ayishumi futhi zivikela imibala, zizenze zicishe zingabonakali futhi zingafinyeleleki ekutholeni izitha.

Umsoco

I-spinner ne-toucan ziyinyoni ezingavikeleki kakhulu, futhi ubumnandi bazo obuthandekayo yizo zonke izinhlobo zezintuthwane (ophuzi, obomvu, udaka nezinye). Le nyoni ivame ukubandakanyeka ekuchithekeni kwezintuthwane, icwilisa ulimi lwayo olude olunamathele kuyo, ilinde ize imbozwe ngokuphelele izinambuzane ezihamba kancane. Ngesinye isikhathi, i-turntableable ingabamba izintuthwane ezingaphezu kwekhulu, okuvame ukubizwa ngayo ngokuthi "i-anteater ezindizayo".

Masinyane ngesikhathi sokuzalela, ukudla kwama-turntables kuqukethe ngokuyinhloko i-pupae nezibungu, hhayi izintuthwane zabantu abadala. Kungabuye kufakwe kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zesicabucabu, izimbungulu, amacimbi, ama-aphid, izithelo namajikijolo.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Ukufuna izidleke ngokuqala kwesikhathi sokuzala kwenziwa ngabesilisa. Sebethole izindlu ezifanele kunazo zonke, baqala ukubiza izinsikazi ngokukhala kwazo okuzwakalayo, okuzwakala kude kude.

Lalela ukukhala kwengwembezane ngenkathi uzale:

Ama-Vertices awabandakanywa ekuhleleni izidleke, aneliswa yilokho okusele kubanikazi bangaphambilini, futhi kwesinye isikhathi aziphonsa kanye nodoti obedlulele. Ama-turntable akuzona izinyoni ezinyantisa igazi, futhi unyaka ngamunye zakha amafomu amasha. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sivame ukuqala maphakathi nentwasahlobo.

Kwelinye i-clutch, insikazi iletha amaqanda ayisikhombisa kuya kwayi-15, kuthiwe kuzozalwa amachwane amabili angazalwa futhi angaboni. Ababelethi bahlinzeka ngonodoli ngomusa, bese kuthi ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu lokhu kudla okunama-kilojoule amaningi, inzalo encane ishiya isidleke somzali, kuqala ingene emagatsheni angomakhelwane.

Ngokuzayo, kancane kancane bathuthela ezindaweni ezintsha beyofuna izinto abazithandayo - izintuthwane. Isilinganiso isikhathi sokuphila ezimweni zendawo yokuhlala yemvelo - iminyaka eyishumi.

Vota

Ingoma yasentwasahlobo ngokokuqina kwayo nesigqi sayo ifana kakhulu nengoma eluhlaza okotshani, enezinwele ezinde ezinempunga futhi emnyama, futhi iyafana nokukhala okuthusayo kwezingulube ezincane, kodwa kuthule futhi kube nokuzola. Luwuchungechunge lwezikhalo ezinde ezi-monotonous eside ze- “ty-ty-ty-ty”, eziphindaphindwe ngesivinini esifinyelela izikhathi ezi-4 ngomzuzwana. Iduna liyakhala, likhethe umgodi ofanele futhi libize owesimame eduze kwakhe. Uma kungakapheli usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili ucingo lokuphendula lungazwakali, owesilisa ubhabhela kwenye indawo futhi aqale futhi. Lapho ezwa esekude owesilisa, insikazi iyakhala naye aze ahlangane zombili. Ngemuva kokubhanqa, izinyoni azivami ukucula. Isibonakaliso sokukhathazeka yi-tech-tech-tech noma i-pizza-pizza ethule. I-turntable, ephazamisekile esidlekeni, yenza imisindo yokukhala, njengezinyoka, futhi njengayo iyakwazi ukuzungeza intamo yayo ngokuqinile.

Indawo

E-Afrika, izidleke e-Algeria naseTunisia emaphethelweni amancanyana ogwini loLwandle iMedithera. E-Eurasia, kuhlala indawo enkulu yendawo ehlathini ukusuka engxenyeni esempumalanga ye-Iberian peninsula nasentshonalanga yeFrance kuya empumalanga kuya esigodini saseKolyma, eningizimu nogu lwePacific, iSakhalin, iziqhingi zaseKuril naseJapan, ngisho naseningizimu yezifunda eziphakathi kweChina. Enyakatho yeYurophu, okwamanje ayikho ezweni leziqhingi zaseBrithani, kodwa idonsa cishe kulo lonke elaseScandinavia, ngaphandle kwezindawo zezintaba ezisenyakatho yendawo ye-67 efanayo. E-Russia, kwenzeka enyakatho emngceleni wehlathi: engxenyeni yaseYurophu, kuze kufike ku-65 ° C. sh., eSiberia eseNtshonalanga aze afike ku-66 ° c. sh., ezigodini zaseKhatanga naseLena kuze kube yi-68 ° C. sh., esigodini saseKolyma kuya ku-69th parallel.

Eningizimu yeYurophu, ifinyelela eningizimu kuLwandle iMedithera ukusuka enyakatho-mpumalanga yeSpain kuya empumalanga kuya enyakatho yeGrisi, kanye naseziqhingini zaseMallorca, Ibiza, Corsica, Sardinia naseSicily, kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile eningizimu yePortugal. Esifundeni seVolga - eningizimu kuya cishe ku-49 ° C. w. (Isifunda iVolgograd), esigodini sase-Ural kuze kufike ku-50 ° С. sh., eKazakhstan enyakatho esifundeni sama-51 esilinganayo, empumalanga yesifunda saseSemipalatinsk. EMongolia naseChina, eningizimu kuya eMongolia Altai, ezintabeni zaseHangai, esifundazweni saseHeilongjiang nasengxenyeni esenyakatho yeNhlonhlo YaseKorea. Izindawo ezihlala zodwa ngaseningizimu kohlu oluphambili eKashmir nasezintabeni eziphakathi enkabeni yeChina - ezifundazweni zaseGansu, Qinghai naseSichuan.

Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, inani elincane lama-turrets (afinyelela kuma-200-400 ngababili) ahlala e-UK, nokho, kusukela ngo-1973, ukuhlangana okumbalwa kuphela kwalezi zinyoni kwaqoshwa kulesi siqhingi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, inani lezinyoni lehlile kakhulu emazweni ahlukahlukene aseYurophu, ikakhulukazi emazweni aseScandinavia, eJalimane, eDenmark naseSwitzerland. Izizathu ezingenzeka zokuncipha okukhulu kwamanani zibizwa njengokushintsha kwezindlela zokulima zomhlaba ezisebenzayo, ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokwehla kwenani lezindawo ezilungele izidleke.

I-Ara parrot

Ukufuduka

IPinwheel ukuphela kwezinhlobo ezifudukayo phakathi kwamapulangwe aseYurophu. Abamele kuphela abangabhalisile mauretanicaUkuhlala enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika kuphila impilo ejwayelekile yokuhlala phansi. Izinyoni ezidla eziqhingini zoLwandle iMedithera nasezintabeni zase-Asia Ephakathi zihamba amabanga amancane (ekugcineni, zehlela ezigodini zezintaba eziseduze). Abantu abasele bangabokude. Izindawo zobusika zezinyoni zaseYurophu zitholakala eningizimu yeSahara ngebhande elibanzi ukusuka eSenegal, iGambia naseSierra Leone entshonalanga kuya e-Ethiopia empumalanga, kufinyelela eDemocratic Republic of the Congo naseCameroon eningizimu. Insimu efanayo nayo isetshenziswa ngabantu baseSiberia baseNtshonalanga. Ama-turntable aqhamuka ezifundeni eziphakathi zeSiberia kanye nobusika obude beMpumalanga eseNdiya naseSoutheast Asia, kanye naseziqhingini zaseJapan eziseningizimu. Ingxenye encane yezinyoni eziseMpumalanga Ekude ifudukela ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga ze-Alaska.

Ukuchazwa kwenyoni

Ubude bomzimba we-turntable buvela ku-17 kuye ku-20 cm, amaphiko asuka ku-25 kuya ku-30 ​​cm, isisindo sisebangeni lika-32-48 g. Amapheya enduna nawowesifazane afanayo, enziwe ngamathoni okufihlakala, avumela izinyoni ukuba zingabonakali phakathi kwezihlahla. Umhlane uboshwe, onsundu ngombala omfushane omde, kwesinye isikhathi owakha ibala elikhulu. I-tummy imhlophe ngephethini eguqukayo. Ukusuka ohlangothini lomlomo ngamehlo nangasesentanjeni kukhona umucu omnyama ocacile, futhi omunye udlula umqhele wekhanda nentamo. Entanyeni nasendaweni yesifuba - umbala ophuzi noma ocwebezelayo. Uthingo ngombala onsundu ngombala, uqhwaku nemilenze ibuthuntu, ansundu. Abasha bafana nabantu abadala, kepha imidwebo yabo maningi amfushane.

Umsila wama-vertices uyindilinga futhi uqukethe izimpaphe ezithambile, ngakho-ke angeke, njengakwezinye izinkuni, zisebenze njengesekela lenyoni emithini yezihlahla mpo. Ngakho-ke, izinyoni zidla ukudla kwazo zihlala emagatsheni noma ngokuqondile kusuka emhlabathini. Uqhwaku lufushane futhi lubukhali. Ama-turntable awazici izando, kepha angakhipha ukudla ngaphansi kwamagxolo abolile.

Ukubhebhetheka

E-Afrika, i-verticillis ijwayelekile e-Algeria naseTunisia, kanye nasogwini lweMedithera. E-Eurasia, inyoni itholakala endaweni enkulu yehlathi, kusukela empumalanga ye-Iberian peninsula nentshonalanga yeFrance kanye nasempumalanga kuye eKolyma, Sakhalin, iziqhingi zaseKuril naseJapan.

IPinworm ukuphela kwezinhlobo ezifudukayo zama-Woodpeckers ahlala eYurophu. Ambalwa kuphela ama-Afrika ale nyoni aphila impilo yokuhlala. Kusuka ogwini loLwandle iMedithera nezintaba zase-Asia Ephakathi, ama-turntable athuthela amabanga amafushane. Abantu abasele bandizela kude. Ngakho-ke, ubusika bale hlobo butholakala eningizimu yeSahara, eSenegal, eGambia naseSierra Leone, e-Ethiopia, eCongo naseCameroon. Ama-turntable, ahlala eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude, andizela ebusika eya eNdiya naseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia.

Esikhathini sokudlekwa, ama-vertice akhethwa ngamahlathi acashile ahlanganayo noma ahlanganisiwe lapho kukhula khona ama-aspen, ama-linden noma ama-birch. Le nyoni yakha izidleke emahlathini asehlathini, emiseleni, emaphethelweni, emabhande amahlathi nasezihlahleni zasogwini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-turntable ayibesabi nhlobo abantu futhi ihlala itholakala emasimini atshaliwe, ezingadini nasemapaki. Kugwema kuphela inyoni ezigxile ezinyaweni.

Uhlobo lweVertichea luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili, enye yazo evamile endaweni yehlathi lase-Eshiya, kanti eyesibili ihlala e-Afrika eningizimu yeSahara:

I-Turntable ene-Red-neached Turntable (Jynx ruficollis)

I-turntable enamachaphaza abomvu (Jynx ruficollis) ihlala e-Afrika.

Amapheya ezinhlobo zombili ziyefana, aqukethe amathoni avikela mpunga ansundu. Kuma-vertices ajwayelekile, intamo nesifuba kuphuzi, kuthi kolunye olunobomvu lube ne-tinge ebomvu.

Amaqiniso Ahehayo

• AmaGrikhi asendulo anamathisela i-spinner ngokubaluleka kwemilingo. Le nyoni yathathwa njenge-Iinga, indodakazi kaPan, eyajeziswa uHera ngokusiza ekuxhumaneni noZeus no-Io.
• I-turntable yathola igama layo ngenxa yokuziphatha komlingiswa ezimweni ezicindezelayo.Uma uthatha inyoni ngobukhali ezingalweni zakho noma uyithatha ngokumangala, lapho-ke isakazeka umsila wayo, ama-ruffles, ilenga amaphiko ayo, ivele igijime lapho okonile, iphenduka intamo namehlo ayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, inyoni izwakala njengenyoka nogogo. Kungakho, uma ubeka isandla sakho emgodini nge-turntable, kubonakala sengathi kunenyoka, hhayi inyoni.
• Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, izidleke ezingama-200-400 zama vertices zazakhiwe e-Great Britain, kepha manje kuyaqabukela kulesi siqhingi. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, inani lalezi zinyoni laqala ukwehla emazweni ahlukahlukene aseYurophu, ngokwesibonelo, eScandinavia, eJalimane, eDenmark naseSwitzerland. Imbangela engenzeka ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokwehla kwezindawo ezilungele indawo yokuhlala yezinyoni.

Habitat

Esikhathini sokudlekwa kwamahlathi, kuhlala amahlathi ayinqaba noma ahlanganisiwe, acebile ezihlahleni zakudala zezinhlobo ezinjenge-aspen, linden noma i-birch. Imvamisa kuhlala ezindaweni ezihlala ehlathini, emaphethelweni okucekelwa phansi, emaphethelweni amahlathi, emahlathini ehlathi nasezihlahleni zasogwini. Ukungasabi abantu futhi kuvame izidleke ezindaweni ezitshaliwe - izihlahla zezithelo namapaki. Ifinyelela inani elikhulu kunawo wonke eningizimu yendawo ehlathini nasendaweni esehlathini, lapho kujwayelekile khona, kuyivelakancane engxenyeni engaphambili yendawo yonke. Ugwema i-steppe evulekile, kanye nehlathi eliqhubekayo. Ekufudukeni, kutholakala nasezindaweni ezivulekile kakhulu: amasimu atshaliwe, izimfunda, izindunduma zesihlabathi kanye namabhishi amatshe. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, izindawo ezihlala kuzo zihluka kakhulu, kepha noma kunjalo kuzinhlobo zezinambuzane ezidla inyoni. Okuthandwa kakhulu yi-acacia savannah.