Uhlobo lolo kuphela uhlobo: i-marmosette - C. goeldii Thomas, ngo-1904. Ukuphakama komzimba we-marmoset kungamasentimitha ayi-18-21. Ubude bomsila buyi-25- 32 cm. Isisindo simalunga nama-280 g. Isembozo sezinwele somphemeni sibanzi, sibuthambile futhi sithambile. Kukhona i-mane encane esiqongweni sekhanda, entanyeni nasehlombe. Ngemuva komzimba, i-marmoset iyakhula nezinwele eziphakeme ze-wasp zehlela ezansi komsila. Azikho izimbobo zezinwele ezindlebeni. Umbala we-hairline onsundu ngombala omnyama, onamabala aphuzi ngemuva komsila. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba namamaki amhlophe ekhanda nasemhlane we-marmoset. Inombolo yediploid yama-chromosomes angama-48.

Isimo semvelo se-marmoset sifundwe kabi. Zigcinwa emaphaketheni abantu abangama-20-30 ezingxenyeni eziphansi naphakathi nendawo zomqhele wesihlahla. Zidla nge-marmoset futhi, mhlawumbe, izithelo ze-namanzi, amaqabunga, imbewu, izinambuzane nezinye izilwane ezincane.

Ama -armarmette futhi ajwayelekile esigodini saseAmazon entshonalanga neBrazil, empumalanga yePeru nasenyakatho yeBolivia. Abanye abacwaningi balandisa uhlobo lwe-marmoset nomndeni wama-capuchin noma bahlukanise nomndeni okhethekile we-Callimico-nidae.

Inani lama-marmosette lincane. Buka okusohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu.

I-KALLIMIKO GELDIEVAYA (i-Callimico goeldii) iyisilwane esiyivelakancane, esaziwayo esinoboya obukhulu, obuthuntu, umbala waso omnyama simnyama, kepha emaphethelweni izinwele zilula. Izinwele ezingemuva nezinhlangothi zekhanda zinde, zikhukhumele. Umsila mude kakhulu kunekhanda nomzimba. Isithupha sesandla mude, kepha asiphikiswa. Ekhaleni liphansi kakhulu, nekhala libonakala lingashintshiwe, linezinzipho. IKallimiko ihlala emaphethelweni aphezulu oMfula i-Amazon, emqheleni omnyama wezihlahla zemvula. Isikhathi sasemini. Indlela yokunyakaza kanye namagama, njenge-tamarines nama-marmosets.

I-Marmoset Callimico goeldii

Lolu hlobo lwezizukulwane zeNew World luqukethe uhlobo olulodwa lwesithakazelo esiyingqayizivele njengokuxhumana phakathi kwemindeni emibili yezinkawu ezibanzi ezinemibala - ama-mumids kanye nezimbaza. Imvamisa ihlukaniswa ibe yi-Callimiconinae ekhethekile esezingeni eliphansi. Ngokwakheka konyawo, ubuso nezinzipho ezimise okombala, ziyefana namamabula, futhi amazinyo awo nogebhezi lwabo kuyafana nokwamakhandlela.

Iduna elidala lineboya obuthambile, obuthuntu, cishe wonke umbala wamalahle, abamnyama ngombala, kepha ngezikhathi ezithile buba nombala omnyama onsundu, ikakhulukazi ngemuva komzimba. Abanye abantu bangaba nezindawo ezikhanyayo namachashazi emakhanda abo, emuva nakwezinye izindawo.

Mhlawumbe isenzo esivelele kakhulu sangaphandle se-marmosette isicucu sezinwele ezinde ezinamathele phezulu kwekhanda, kanye noxhaxha lwezinwele ezinde ezimboze intamo namahlombe njengengubo. Izinwele eziphakeme kunamafomu we-oblium, ngokungathi kunjalo, umugqa ezansi zomsila.

Le nhlobo yachazwa ngonyaka we-1904, kepha kungakapheli iminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha yaziwa isayensi, kwakungekho lula ukuthi ifunde lutho ngemikhuba yayo, i-biology, kanye nezidingo zayo endalweni. Ngisho nobubanzi bamanje besilwane abuchazwanga kahle. Ukucatshangelwa okumbalwa okutholakele kubanjwe e-Amazon engenhla, enyakatho yeBolivia, empumalanga yePeru kanye nentshonalanga yeBrazil (Acre Territory, Rio Xa Puri), lapho inkawu ihlala khona ngamaqembu afinyelela kubantu abangamashumi amabili noma amashumi amathathu. Kunzima kakhulu ukubamba lesi silwane esihlakaniphile futhi esidala.

Ngeshwa, eminyakeni yamuva nje, inkawu encane ephilayo iye yafuneka kakhulu njengesilwane esifuywayo, futhi, ngokusobala, kwenziwa umzamo omningi ukunqoba ubunzima obuhambisana nokubanjwa kwayo. Konke lokhu kwaba nemiphumela edabukisa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngoba izilwane eziningi ezalethwa kwamanye amazwe zafa ngokushesha.

Kuyadingeka ukuthi ohulumeni bawo wonke amazwe amathathu babeke imingcele noma banqabele ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla zempi besebenzisa umthetho owodwa noma okuvunyelwene ngawo. Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi ngokushesha baqale ukufunda kwabo ngemvelo ngokubamba iqhaza kukachwepheshe oyedwa noma abaningi ukuze kunqunywe isimo samanje salesi silwane futhi benze izincomo ngezinyathelo zokuvikelwa okuthembekile.

Kuze kube ngu-1954, amacala amabili kuphela wokugcina izinkawu ekudingisweni ayaziwa: eLondon Zoo (1915) naseGeldy Museum esifundeni sasePara (eBrazil). Kusukela ngo-1954 kuya ku-1963, amakhophi ayisithupha eza e-zoo eBronx, elinye lawo, owesilisa elethwe ngonyaka we-1959, waphila kuze kube nguMashi 1964, iminyaka engaphezu kwemine nengxenye. Ngo-1961, uCologne Zoo wathola isibonakaliso sakhe sokuqala - ngowesifazane, wabe esequkethe enye indoda, eyayihlala iminyaka emihlanu nengxenye. Ngo-1966, kwezinkawu eziyishumi nambili ezalethwa eJalimane, eziyisikhombisa zazisaphila. Ngokokuqala ngqa, uDkt L. Rein ovela eMiami University wakwazi ukuthola inzalo yesilwane ekudingisweni, ngenkathi kungaziwa amacala amaningi okuzala kabusha ekudingisweni, wonke asezindlini ezizimele futhi munye kuphela eSan Diego Zoo.

(D. Fisher, N. Simon, D. Vincent "The Red Book", M., 1976)

Ukubukeka nendawo yokuhlala

UGeldiev Kallimiko (I-Callimico goeldii) - ukuphela kommeli wohlobo I-Callimico - oqanjwe ngemuva kososayensi wemvelo waseSwitzerland u-Emil August Göldi (1859-1917). UKallimiko uhlala endaweni ephakeme yase-Amazon eBolivia, eBrazil, eColombia, e-Ecuador nasePeru. Lezi zinkawu ezincane zinobude bomzimba obungu-20 cm kanye nomsila obude obungama-25-30 cm, zinesisindo esingu-355-556 g. Uboya obumnyama be-kallimiko bukhulu futhi buyindilinga, emuva nasezinhlangothini zekhanda kukhula izinwele ezinde ezakha i-mane, ziwe intamo namahlombe.

Umsoco

Held Kallimiko ama-omnivores, ondla izithelo, izithelo kanye namakhowe, izinambuzane (amabhu, izintethe), izicabucabu nama-vertebrates amancane (izibankwa, amasele nezinyoka). Zidla ezihlahleni nasemhlabathini, esikhathini esomile ziyaphuza emithonjeni yamanzi, futhi esikhathini esimanzi ziyehla amaconsi aqhamuka emaqabungeni nakumahlumela.

Indlela yokuphila

Kallimiko ukuhola isikhathi sasemini futhi ikakhulukazi impilo yempikiswano. Zikhuphuka kalula zibheke emigqonyeni yesihlahla, zigxume zisuka esihlahleni ziye kwesinye futhi ziphenduke indiza, zinokwehla zivela esiqwini sesiqu somthi phansi noma okuphambene nalokho, emuva. Eqa, i-kallimiko isebenzisa izinyawo ezingemuva ukukhiqiza i-push main futhi inikeze umzimba i-inertia. Ngenxa yamandla ashukumisayo, bayakwazi ukunqoba ibanga elingafika kumamitha amane ngokugxuma ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuphakama. Lezi zilwane zithanda ukuhlala engxenyeni engezansi yehlathi (1-5 m ngaphezu komhlaba), kepha uma zifuna ukudla zingakhuphuka kakhulu. Izindlala ezingenamakha ezisuswini zisetshenziswa yizinkawu ukunikeza umzimba wazo iphunga elikhethekile. Ukuze benze lokhu, balula imilenze yabo ngaphansi komzimba ogobile ku-arch noma banamathele umsila wabo osongelwe kwindandatho engaphansi komzimba, bese beyibuyisela emuva naphambili ngaphansi kwesisu, ngaleyo ndlela bazinamise ngomchamo kanye nephunga lesiga.

Ukuziphatha Komphakathi Nokuzala

Lezi zinkawu zihlala ngababili noma amaqembu emindeni yabantu abangafika kwabangu-9. Umgogodla weqembu uqukethe owesilisa osekhulile, umuntu oyedwa noma ababili bezalukazi nabazalanayo. Iqembu lixhumeke kakhulu futhi lihlangene kakhulu: i-kallimiko akuvamile ukuthi iqhubekele phambili ngaphandle kwamamitha ayi-15. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula (phakathi kokudla nokuhamba), ama-marmose adla isikhathi esiningi ekunakekelweni komphakathi (ukuzilolonga): ukuxubha izinwele zawo, ukususa izinambuzane nezicucu zesikhumba ezifile. Ntambama kallimiko Ukuphumula kubantu abangu-1-4 kuthola amamitha ambalwa ukusuka komunye nomunye, ukulala ebusuku ndawonye endaweni engaphansi yomthi noma esihlahleni esingenalutho, ukuhlangana eduze. Isikhathi sokuzala singoSepthemba-Novemba, ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-145 kuya ku-1577. Owesifazane ubeletha iwundlu elilodwa elinesisindo esingu-30-60 g futhi ulondla ngobisi kuze kuphele izinyanga ezimbili. Emavikini amabili okuqala, umama ufaka ithole kuye, ngesonto lesithathu - ubaba, bese - noma imaphi amalungu eqembu. Eminyakeni yenyanga eyodwa, iwundlu liqala ukuzama ukudla okuqinile, futhi ngamaviki ayi-7 selishintsha ngokuphelele ukudla kwabantu abadala.

UGeldieva Kallimiko

Geldieva Kallimiko - I-Callimico goeldii - Ukuphila ezindaweni eziphezulu zoMfula i-Amazon phakathi kwe-1 degree enyakatho ne-13 degrees eningizimu ye-latitude, kumqhele omnyama wezihlahla zemvula. I-Callimico goeldii etholakala eningizimu yeColombia, empumalanga ye-Ecuador, empumalanga yePeru, nentshonalanga yeBrazil kanye nenyakatho yeBolivia. Hola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke. Lesi yisilwane esiyivelakancane, esaziwayo, esinoboya obukhulu, obuthukiwe, umbala wayo oyinhloko umnyama noma onsundu, futhi emaphethelweni izinwele zilula. Ebusweni noma eduze kobuso, izindawo zezingubo ezinemibala emhlophe kungenzeka. Isisindo senkawu endala singama-393-860 g. Ubude bomzimba bungu-210- 234 mm, umsila ungama-255-324 mm. Izinwele ezinde zakha i-mane, ziwe entanyeni nasehlombe, izinwele ezinde ezifanayo zikhula ngaphansi komsila. Abadala banezindandatho ezilula emsileni wabo.

I-Callimico goeldii yidla izithelo, izinambuzane kanye nezilwane ezincane eziseduze. Iqembu lomndeni lihamba lifuna izihlahla ezinezithelo, umncintiswano wokudla awubonwa. Zondla kokubili ezihlahleni nasemhlabathini, lapho zizingela khona ama-vertebrates amancane. Abesifazane bazala ikonyana elilodwa. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-155. Ingane esanda kuzalwa inesisindo esingu-30-60 g.neminyaka engu-4 amasonto, isivele ikwazi ukudla engayinikwa ngabantu abadala, futhi emavikini ayisikhombisa idla ngokulingana nabantu abadala. Emavikini amabili okuqala, umama uyawugqoka, ngesonto lesithathu - ubaba, kanye nesonto lesine - noma imaphi amalungu eqembu.

Izinkawu zifinyelela eminyakeni yobudala engu-14 ubudala, isikhathi sokuphila ekudingisweni sineminyaka eyi-18. Zitholakala ezihlahleni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-5, futhi zingakhuphuka ziphakeme lapho zifuna ukudla, zibuye zehle, zihlola iziqu zezihlahla eziwile. Zikhuphuka ziqonde emigqonyeni yezihlahla, zigxume esihlahleni ziye kwesinye, ziphenduke indiza bese zibamba inyamazane. Bayakwazi ukunqoba ibanga le-4 m ngokugxuma ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuphakama. Ngosuku abahamba ngalo ngendlela ethile, insimu yabo icishe ibe ngamahektare angama-30-80. Ukulala ndawonye, ​​hlangana. Kathathu ngosuku, ayama ukuphumula imizuzu engama-30-90 ukuze abambe elangeni noma azilolonge.

Ukubukeka kweKallimiko Geldieva

Amazinyo nogebhezi lukaKallimiko kufana nalezo zesigaxa, nobuso, izinyawo nezinzipho ezinjengezipho, njengama-marmosets nama-tamarin, angama-marmosets.

I-marmetto kaGeldy yinkulu. Umbala oyinhloko womzimba umnyama, kepha izeluleko zezinwele zilula. Abanye abantu bangaba namachashazi amancanyana namabala entanjeni. Ezinhlangothini zekhanda nasemhlane, izinwele zinde, zikhukhumele. Lezi zinwele zakha cap esiqheleni kanye ne-mane emahlombe. Umsila mude. Kwakhiwa insila yomsila ngaphansi komsila. Ngenxa yokubekezelela okuphansi, ikhala libonakala lingasho lutho.

IGeldi marmosocket (Callimico goeldii).

Yini eyaziwa ngempilo kaKallimiko

UKallimiko uhlala eduze noMfula iAmazon, emahlathini emvula. Ikhaya labo liyimqhele eminyene yezihlahla. Zihambahamba futhi zimemeza njengama-marmosets nama-tamarine.

UKallimiko Geldieva wachazwa ngonyaka we-1904, kepha emva kwalokho kuncane ongakufunda mayelana nemvelo, imikhuba, kanye nezici zezinto eziphilayo nendawo eziphila kuyo. Kuze kube manje, uhla lwalezi zinkawu alukaze lunqunywe ngokuqondile. Zimbalwa izinhlobo zokutholwa ezathunjwa entshonalanga yeBrazil nasempumalanga yePeru. Kulezi zindawo, izinkawu zihlala ngamaqembu abantu abangama-20-30. Kunzima kakhulu ukubamba ama-callimics ashukumisayo.

IKallimiko geldieva isohlwini lwezinhlobo ezivikelwe.

Inani labantu baseKallimiko

Ngeshwa, eminyakeni yamuva, ama-kallimikos ahlekisayo futhi athokozisayo adume kakhulu njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Lokhu kwaqala ukuba nemiphumela edabukisayo, ngoba izinkawu eziningi zabanjwa, okuthi, ziwela ezimweni ezintsha, iningi ziyafa.

Ngokomthetho, i-kallimiko yenqatshelwe ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwezwe.

Ukuze kulondolozwe ama-marmosets, kuyadingeka ukuthi kwakhiwe umthetho okuvunyelwene ngawo, ngokusho ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwalezi zilwane nokungenisa kwazo kwamanye amazwe kuzonqatshelwa. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi ufunde i-kology ye-kallimiko ukuze ukwazi ukuhlola isimo samanje salezinhlobo bese unquma nezindlela zokuvikela lezi zinkawu.

IKallimiko geldieva ayivikelekile hhayi ngomthetho kuphela, kepha futhi igcinwa kwizindawo zokugcina izilwane, lapho bezama ukuphinda baphindise inani lezinhlobo.

Kuze kube ngu-1954, i-kallimiko yagcinwa ekudingisweni kuphela eBrazil naseLondon. Ngemuva kuka-1954, abantu abayi-6 bazinza e-zoo eBronx. Owesilisa waphila kuze kube ngu-1964. Ngo-1961, insikazi yahlalwa eCologne, futhi kwase kukhona owesilisa owayesehlale iminyaka eyi-5. Ngo-1966, izinkawu eziyi-7 zaziphila, kwezingu-20 zalethwa.

Ngokokuqala ngqa, uDkt L. Rhine, owayesebenza eNyuvesi yaseMiami, wakwazi ukuthola inzalo kaKallimiko ekudingisweni. Namuhla, zingaphansi kwe-10 izigameko zokuzalelwa kwe-kallimiko ezethunjiwe ziyaziwa, kanti yicala elilodwa kuphela elibonwe eSan Diego Zoo, kanti amanye aqhamuka kubanikazi abazimele.

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