I-Tyra (I-Eira barbara) kuhluke kakhulu kunhlobo yezinhlobo zomndeni. Lesi yisilwane esikhulu esinobude bomzimba obungu-56 kuya ku-68 cm futhi sinesisindo esingu-4-5 kg. Umsila we-tyra ubude (ngamasentimitha angama-38 ukuya ku-47) futhi ubushelelezi, umzimba mude futhi mncane, imilenze iphakeme, isizalo sibekiwe ngezindlebe ezincane eziyindilinga kanye nezindebe ezinde neziqinile. Ama-taira paws anamandla anezinsika eziqinile alungele kahle ukugijima nokukhuphuka, kodwa hhayi ngokumba nokubhukuda. Ijazi lakhe likhulu futhi limfushane onsundu omnyama, nekhanda lakhe likhanya kancanyana kunomzimba wakhe wonke, futhi kukhona ibala eliphuzi noma elimhlophe emqaleni wakhe.
I-Habitat nezici
Kusatshalaliswa i-tyra eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu Melika, etholakala kusuka eningizimu yeMexico kuya eBolivia nasenyakatho yeArgentina, kanye nesiqhingi saseTrinidad. Indawo ahlala kuyo ayithanda kakhulu amahlathi ashisayo futhi ahlala eqabile. Imvamisa i-taira ihlala lapho kuhlala khona abantu, besebenzisa amasimu ezolimo ukufuna ukudla. Izwi lomhlaseli lisho ngqo: lapho i-tyra ishaqekile, iyakhonkotha, kepha ikhale, ikhale futhi ichofoze ngendlela eyinqayizivele, ikakhulukazi uma iseqenjini.
Umsoco nendlela yokuphila
Lesi simeleli se-marten simangalisa futhi sisebenzisa izilwane ezincelisayo ezahlukahlukene (ama-agouti, ama-hares, ama-squirrels, ama-marsupials), izinyoni, ezihuquzelayo nezinambuzane. UTyra - umzingeli osebenzayo, uhlala efuna inyamazane futhi akahlaseli kusuka kulowo oqamekele. Ngosuku, ekufuneni ukudla, i-tyra inqoba aze afike ku-7 km. Ibona inyamazane ngosizo lwe-olfaction, kuyilapho umbono wakulesi silo ungakhuli kahle. Ngaphezu kokudla kwezilwane, i-tyra idla izithelo zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene ezishisayo. Lesi sidlamlilo sisebenza nganoma isiphi isikhathi sosuku; siyagijima, sikhwela futhi sibhukuda ngokuphelele. Lapho uhamba namagatsha neziqu zezihlahla, i-tyra isebenzisa umsila wayo njengebhaluni, ingagxuma igatsha lomuthi owodwa, iye esiqwini noma egatsheni lomunye. UTyra uvame ukuhlela ikhaya lakhe ezihlahleni eziyize, imisele eyekwe ezinye izilwane, kwesinye isikhathi otshanini obude.
Ukuziphatha Komphakathi Nokuzala
Lezi zilwanyana ezihlaselayo zivame ukutholakala ngababili, kwesinye isikhathi ngamaqembu abantu aba-3-4. Ukukhulelwa ku amathayi kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-63-70, insikazi ibeletha amazinyane angama-2-4. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ziyimpumputhe futhi azisizi, zimbozwe ngoboya futhi zinesisindo esingu-74-92 amagremu. Izindlebe zamawundlu zivulwa kuphela lapho zinezinyanga ezi-1 ubudala, amehlo azo kamuva, eneminyaka engama-35 kuya kwengama-58, amazinyo obisi aqala ukuqhuma ezinsukwini ezingama-36, futhi lonke uhlelo lwamazinyo lwakhiwa kuphela ngezinsuku ezingama-224. Umama wondla izingane ngobisi izinyanga ezingama-2-3, nangesikhathi esilinganayo, amawundlu ahlala enaye. Eminyakeni engu-3 yobudala eqala ukulandela insikazi yonke indawo, futhi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngosayizi sekuvele kunzima ukwahlukanisa naye. ITyra ifinyelela ekuthweni kwezinyanga eziyi-18 kuya kwezingu-22.
Ezindaweni eziningi i-tyra kuze kube sengozini yokubhujiswa futhi iyisilwane esivame kakhulu. Abantu bendawo bavame ukubiza ama-tairas futhi bawagcine njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Tayra Ukubukeka kwencazelo
Umzimba wesilwane ukhula ngobude ngamasentimitha angama-68, ngaphandle komsila: usengamasentimitha angama-45. Isisindo se-tyra yabantu abadala esivamile singamakhilogremu amahlanu. Uma iqhathaniswa nezilwane ezaziwayo, i-tyra izoba usayizi wenja ephakathi.
Isilwane singumnikazi womzimba ophakeme, isizalo esikhulu kanye nezitho eziphakeme. Ijazi loboya besilwane linamabala amfishane futhi alifushane. Izindlebe zincanyana futhi ziyindilinga. Amehlo amnyama.
Amandla e-taira paws anamandla afihliweyo angenamandla, ngenxa yokuthi lesi silwane sibhekwa njengomzingeli omuhle kakhulu futhi onobuqili. Lo mmeleli womndeni wakwaKunih uyakwazi ukugijima ngokushesha emhlabathini agibele izihlahla.
Umbala woboya be-tyra u-fawn noma onsundu; isifunda sesisu nekhanda likhanya. Lawo ma-tiers amancane kunawo “agqoke” ijazi elimnyama no “hat” omhlophe, nasemqaleni awo anaso “isikhafu” esimhlophe.
Izwi lalesi silwane lifana nokukhonkotha okuthukile, kepha lo akuwona kuphela umsindo i-tyra engenza ngawo. Uyakwazi ukuchofoza, ukuhhewula ngisho nokukhala. Ukuziphatha okunjalo kuqhelelwaneni esilwaneni, ikakhulukazi uma "kuhlanganisiwe".
Ngabe sidlani isihlobo saseNingizimu Melika se-marten yaseYurophu
Njengomthetho, amathayi angama-omnivores. Kepha nalaba besifazane abakhethiweyo banezifiso zabo. Zithanda ukudla unogwaja, azinandaba nezinyoni, izingwejeje nezilwane ezahlukahlukene zasolwandle. Izilwanyana ezihuqayo kanye nezinambuzane ziyadla. Ukudla kwezitshalo kufakwa ekudleni kwabo, ama-tairas adla ama-plums ashisayo, ubhanana, izithelo ze-genipan nokunye okuhle kwamahlathi emvula.
Indlela Yokuphila kaTyra
Lesi silo sihlukaniswa izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zokuzingela. UTyra ucishe akahlali phansi, angazungeza iwashi ubusuku nemini efuna inyamazane. Ukulindela isisulu sakho ekuqameleni akuyona ukuphela kwaso. Yini emvumela ukuba abe ngumzineleli ophumelele kangaka? Ngokungangabazeki, lesi yisifiso sakhe sobukhali. Ngenxa yephunga layo elicashile, i-tyra ithola inyamazane ngokoqobo ngesivinini sombani futhi iyilandele ize ifinyelele injongo yayo ebiyenzelwe yona. Kepha ngokubona kwalesi silwane akukuhle.
Ngasiphi isikhathi sosuku lesi silwane esivele isilungele ukuhamba siyofuna ukudla, ukusebenza kwayo nokukhuthazela kumane kumangalisa! UTyra angahamba kalula ibanga elikhulu emhlabathini nasezihlahleni, agxume esuka egatsheni eya kwelinye igatsha, futhi nomsila wakhe usiza ukugcina ukulinganisela kwakhe.
Indlela yokuphila. Umsoco
Ama-Thyers azinza ngamaqembu amancane (cishe abantu aba-5) futhi ahola indlela yokuphila esekwe emhlabeni. Kukhona izilwane nezifiso. Bagxuma kahle bagibela izihlahla. Esebenzayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku, angazingela ntambama, ekuseni noma kusihlwa. UTyra uphumula esihlahleni noma umgodi oyize.
Bondla ikakhulu ngamagundane (ama hares, squirrels). Ungayeki izinambuzane nezinyoni. Izithelo zothando. Lezi yizilwane eziqinile futhi eziqinile, zihamba amabanga amade ziyofuna ukudla. Bhukuda kahle uma kunesidingo.
Ukuzala
Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-65 - 70. Ingane eyodwa noma ezimbili zizalwa. Isisindo sengane esanda kuzalwa cishe singu-100g. Izingane zingaboni, amehlo ayavuleka ngemuva kwamasonto amane. Zimbozwe ngoboya obuthambile, zisadinga ukufudumala nokunakekelwa. Umama ubondla ubisi izinyanga ezintathu, emva kwalokho bazama ukudla okuqinile. Esimweni sezinyanga eziyisithupha, amathayi aqala impilo yokuzimela.
Ukuziphatha
Amathayi ayasebenza ebusuku ikakhulukazi futhi atholakala emhlabeni nasezihlahleni. Bakhuphuka kahle futhi banganqoba amabanga amade ngokugxuma, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, bangabhukudi abahle. Ukuze baphumule ubusuku, bazakhela ezabo indawo yokuhlala emigodini yezihlahla noma basebenzise izakhiwo zezinye izilwane ezilahliwe. Kwesinye isikhathi bavele bacashe otshanini obude.
Kunemininingwane ehlukahlukene mayelana nokuziphatha komphakathi kweTire. Bahlangana bobabili ngababili futhi ngababili noma ngamaqembu amancane afanayo. Amathayi ayizinto ezesabekayo, kepha iningi lokudla kwazo izinyamazane ezincane. Badla izinduku, njenge-prickly chinchilla, kuma-hares noma kumamese amancane. Ukudla kwabo kufaka phakathi izinyoni, ama-invertebrates, athanda ukudla izithelo (kwesinye isikhathi ama-tayrs alimaza amahlathi ebhanana).
Ekupheleni kokukhulelwa, okuhlala izinsuku ezingama-70, insikazi izala amawundlu amabili. Ngenyanga yesibili yokuphila, bavula amehlo abo futhi balukane kusuka ebisini olungaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu. Ekuthunjweni, lezi zilwane ziphila iminyaka eyi-18.
Amathayi nabantu
Kuzingelwe amathayi. Abanye abantu bomdabu baphumelele ekushayeni ama-tairas ukuze kulwe nezinambuzane ezinama-rodent ezindaweni ezihlala abantu. Ngokungafani nama-martens angeniswa kwamanye amazwe, amathayi awangeni ezinkukhuni futhi awazibulale izinyoni. Ezindaweni eziningi zaseNingizimu Melika, i-tyra iyisisulu esivame kakhulu. Uvame ukubonwa, ngoba akesabi ukusondelana komuntu. Noma kunjalo subspecies mexican E. b. senex isanda kuba yivelakancane futhi isongelwa ngokuqothulwa.