Iqembu lihlukaniswa ngokuthi izinhlanzi, ezihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezinhlobo ezithile. Ngokwesigaba sazo, singamalungu omndeni wamatshe amatshe.
Okokugcina, ososayensi babala izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-90 zale nhlanzi ehehayo. Isibalo esikhulu sobukhulu bokubhalwe phansi kweqembu sihlala emanzini oLwandle oluBomvu nolweMedithera. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingabonakala olwandlekazi iPacific, Atlantic and Indian.
Isibonelo, emanzini olwandle i-Indian Ocean kukhona iqembu elikhulu.
Incazelo
Ngaphandle babukeka bekhanga impela: amabala obukhulu obuhlukahlukene, imivimbo, amachashazi afafaza isizinda esimnyama.
- Ngobunjalo bayo bebhayoloji nangokwakheka kwesimo kuhlobene nezitha. Ngakho-ke, inomhlathi omkhulu oyingqayizivele. Imihlathi engenhla yehluke kakhulu kweyona ephansi futhi inkulu.
- Ubumqoka besakhiwo somhlathi benza kube lula ukuncela inyamazane ngamandla amakhulu. Idla izinhlanzi ezincane azibamba ngesikhathi sokuzingela.
- Ubukhulu, ngokwesilinganiso, buba ngamasentimitha angama-270, futhi isisindo lisukela kumakhilogremu angama-400 kuye kwangama-450.
- Kubhekwa njengokuthakazelisa ukuthi inhlanzi enkulu ayikufanelekele ukudliwa lapho umuntu osayizi omncane (ngokwesilinganiso, efinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-50) uthathwa njengomuthi omuhle kakhulu wokudla.
- Njengezinye izinhlobo zezakhamizi zasolwandle, ziphansi kakhulu kilojoule.
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucebile ngezakhamzimba namavithamini.
- Ngokuqukethwe kwayo kwamakhemikhali, kunothiswa ngenani elikhulu le-sodium, selenium, phosphorus ne-calcium. Okuqukethwe kwekhalori ngegremu ngalinye lomkhiqizo kunqunywa ku-118 Kcal.
Habitat
Indawo yokuhlala evame kakhulu i-Indian Ocean kanye nolwandle iPacific. Ngokuyisisekelo, le nhlobo ithanda ibhande lendawo ezishisayo.
Kaningi kungabonakala ogwini lwase-Afrika, Japan, Australia. Inhlanzi ihlala ikakhulu emanzini angajulile, njengomthetho, ukujula kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-100. Ngokwemvelo yayo, inesizotha, ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile, ayiphumi endaweni yayo yokucasha. Bayakuthanda ukucasha lapho kudabha khona odoti, nasezindongeni zamakhorali.
Ngokusho kokuthambekela kokudla kwayo, le nhlanzi ingeyababambi bezilwane, ibamba ukuzingela okuningana kwezinhlanzi ezincane, ama-spiny lobsters kanye nemikhaza. Kunezikhathi lapho zizingela oshaka abancane nama-stingrays.
Ugwinya inyamazane yakhe ngokuphelele futhi masinyane, futhi ijamo lomhlathi elihlelwe ngokukhethekile liyamsiza ukuba enze lokhu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izindawo zokukhosela azisebenzi njengendawo yokukhosela enokwethenjelwa, kodwa futhi njengendawo enhle yabaqamekeli.
Ungabamba kanjani izinhlanzi eziningi?
Ngisho nokubukeka kuyathakazelisa: umzimba wakhe uphakeme futhi ucindezelwe kancane zombili izinhlangothi. Umuntu ngamunye walolu hlobo unobuhlobo nobunjalo bawo kanye nemikhuba yawo, imvamisa kakhulu angatholakala ngawodwana. Emajambini, aphuma kuphela isikhathi sokuqhuma. Kuyamangaza futhi ukuthi uyi-hermaphrodite. Ekuqaleni kokuthomba, iba ngowesifazane, kuthi emva kweminyaka embalwa iphenduke indoda. Ngenxa yalokho, bonke abantu abakhulu ngabesilisa. I-Stone bass ingumsekeli wendawo yokuhlala unomphela futhi ivikela ngentshiseko kakhulu ekuvikelweni okuvela ngaphandle. Iqembu linolaka kubantu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ugcina ngentshiseko indlu yakhe. Indoda, njengezimayini, ayinandaba naye, kodwa ukuze avikele indlu yakhe, angalwa empini engalingani nesitha esikhulu kakhulu kunaye. Inyama yalokhu okuhlukahlukene ihlukaniswa iqiniso lokuthi iqukethe inani elikhulu lamaprotheni atholwa kalula, iqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezincane nezincane, kepha, ngaphandle kwalokhu, ibonakala ngokwakhiwa kwekhalori encane. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto ezilandelayo: selenium, potassium, phosphorus nabanye. Inyama ingukudla okumnandi futhi okunempilo. Inyama ingeyokuokudla okudla kakhulu, iqukethe amakhalori ambalwa, kepha inani elikhulu lamaminerali. Amaseli aphelele ngokuphelele anomoya-mpilo, ubamba iqhaza ekudleni kwamafutha. Ijwayelekile ushukela wegazi futhi ithuthukise isimo sesikhumba. Kuyasiza kakhulu ukudla ukuthuthukisa isimo se-yegilo yegilo. Inyama imhlophe ngombala, inombala ocole kakhulu, ukunambitheka kwayo kumnandi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi adla ikakhulukazi ama-mollusks nama-crustaceans. Kwezinhlobo ezicishe zibe yi-100 zamaqembu, ayi-19 ahlala oLwandle Olubomvu, angu-7 emanzini aseMedithera. Lezi yizinhlobo ezincane. Okukhulu kakhulu kutholakala olwandle lwaseNdiya, Pacific kanye nolwandle i-Atlantic. Izinhlanzi eziphakathi nendawo ezijwayelekile zivame ukubanjwa ogwini lwaseJapan, e-Afrika nase-Australia. Akuwona wonke amaqembu ahamba ayokudla. Nazi izibonelo zezinhlobo ze-aquarium:Izici eziwusizo zeqembu
Izici zokunambitha
Izinhlobo zamaqembu
- Amagrama angama-30 cm ayisithupha strip, apendwe ngombala omnyama nomhlophe futhi eno-gland emzimbeni nge-grammistin - ubuthi
- izimpaphe eziphuzi ezinemibala egqamile
- kuphakama futhi kuthambile kamuva kwa-senderong
- iqembu elibomvu noma imvuthuluka yamakhorali, emzimbeni obomvu wawo kukhona izindawo eziningi zobumnyama eziyindilinga
Noma ezindaweni zasemanzini, aqukethe i-meteor ene-lyoprol ne-point, gracil-banded eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iqembu elinemisila emithathu. Zonke zifuna indawo engezansi. Kumele avame ezindaweni zokukhosela. Kubalulekile futhi ukondla ama-groupers kahle. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bahlasela ezinye izakhamizi zasemanzini.
Amaqembu angahlaselana. Njengoba bengashadile, abantu baqala ukuhlukanisa insimu. Ngakho-ke, i-aquarium idinga indawo ebanzi.
Izinhlobo ezinkulu ze-trophy yilezo ezinkulu. Usayizi weqembu finyelela kumamitha amathathu, nesisindo esingama-4 kilos. Umuntu ngamunye wabanjwa ngonyaka ka-1961 ogwini lwaseFlorida. Intshisakalo ukuthi izinhlanzi zabanjwa ziyaqhuma. Irekhodi lihlala lingashayi mkhuba.
Ubukhulu bomzimba wezinhlanzi ezinkulu kuphela eziphindwe izikhathi eziyi-1.5 kunokuphakama kwawo. Emhlathini ongezansi womuntu omdala, kuze kufike emigqeni eyi-16 yokulunywa. Imihlathi engenhla iya emaphethelweni athe mpo wamehlo. Intsha inama-gill stamens anyamalala ngesikhathi sokuthomba.
Umbala weqembu elikhulu kakhulu uvame ukuba nsundu onamabala e-beige. Umbala umnyama futhi umehluko ngokwengeziwe kubantu abadala.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Amaqembu amaningi izinhlanzi zolwandle. Izilwane zikhetha amanzi anosawoti wethropiki nezindawo eziphansi.
E-Indian Ocean, ukudoba kusuka eLwandle Olubomvu kuya e-Algoa. Leli chibi ogwini lwaseNingizimu Afrika. KuLwandlekazi iPacific, amaqembu abanjwa esuka e-Australia South Wales aya ogwini oluseningizimu yeJapan. Kukhona izinhlanzi maphakathi nolwandle, ngokwesibonelo, eHawaii.
Akunandaba ukuthi iliphi iqhawe lemibhalo, libanjwa ezansi. Lapho, izinhlanzi zizingela kumqashi, zifihla phakathi kwamatshe ne-algae, imikhumbi eshiswe yilanga emihumeni. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukubamba isisulu ngokushesha, iqembu elivamisile livame ukwenza into ende.
Ukufakwa kokudla kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthuthuka komhlathi ongenhla weqhwa le-athikili nosayizi womlomo wakhe.
Ukujula okujwayelekile kweqhawe lesihloko kungamamitha ayi-15-150. Abamele izinhlobo ezinkulu zezilwane bahlala kude nolwandle. Kodwa-ke, uma phansi kunodaka, abaqoqi bamaqembu benza ukuzithoba, bekhohliswa ithuba lokuthi baziphonse phansi ngokoqobo phansi, bazifihle.
Amacala wokuhlaselwa kwabantu ayenzeka nge-sporadic futhi atypical. Imvamisa, amaqembu aba nesifiso sokuhlukahluka nokwehlukahluka. Kodwa-ke, ulaka, njengoba besho, alunandi. Izinhlanzi zibonakala zazana, zixhumana nabantu.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Iqembu lihlukaniswa kuhlobo lwe-chordate, isigaba sezinhlanzi ezi-ray-fin, i-oda le-perch, umndeni wabalingisi bamatshe, uhlobo lwamaqembu.
Indlela yokuphila, izici zokuphila kanye nezigaba zokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwetshe akuzange kufundwe kahle. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi nabaphenyi banqume ukuthi laba bantu abamele impilo yasolwandle bavela eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezinhlanu edlule. Ukuvela kwesiqubulo sePanamani eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezi-3 ezedlule kwaba nomthelela ekuhlukaniselweni kwezinhlanzi ezindaweni ezimbili ezilandelwayo ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwenani labantu.
Iqembu lokudla
Abekho abantu abaningi abafuna ukubona eduzane, Ngabe ibukeka kanjani inhlanzi eqoqwayo? ngomlomo ovulekile. Ijika ivuleka kakhulu kangangokuba abantu abakhulu bayakwazi ukungena ngqo esophagus yomuntu. Lokhu kungenzeka ngonyaka we-2016 emanzini ase-Afrika. UGruper uhlasele i-diver. Ukwazile ukubambelela ezinhlanzini zenhlanzi futhi waphumela obala ngokusebenzisa izisulu ezihlaba umxhwele kuzo.
Ukuba ngabazingeli, abaqoqi bamba inyamazane. Lapho abazingeli bevula imilomo, kuvela umehluko wokucindezela. Izinyamazane zimunca ngokoqobo eqenjini. Imvama azingela yedwa.
Uma inyamazane iphunyuka, inhlanzi ingahle icele usizo kuma-eel moray. Kuhamba ngesikebhe kuye endaweni yakhe yokuhlala, umgadli unikina ikhanda amahlandla ama-5-7. Ngokusho kwevidiyo, ama-58% ama-moray eels asemukela isicelo, aphuma endaweni yokukhosela ngisho nasemini, noma esebenza ebusuku.
Ngokubambisana, izinyamazane zibhukuda ukuze zivikele isisulu. U-E ufuna lesi sigcawu, esibonisa ukuba khona kwama-eel prey. Ungena endlini yokukhosela. Ngokwesigamu samacala, umsizi ugwinya inyamazane ngokwakhe. Kwezinye izimo, ama-moray eels akhipha izinhlanzi kuphela lapho zicashe ngqo emlonyeni weqembu.
Ubumbano lwamaqembu nama-eel Moray kungenxa yalokhu okulandelayo:
- Iqembu lilandelela kalula inyamazane, kepha ngenxa yomzimba okhuluphele alinakungena endaweni yokukhosela.
- UMoray eel uyavilapha lapho efuna inyamazane, kepha umzimba wakhe oyinyoka ungena kalula “ezincibeni” zezinto ezinamaphaphu.
Namanje amaqembu azingela ngama-pelicans. Izinhlanzi zilinda umhlambi wezinyoni ukuze zifake i-jamb endandatho yazo. Lapho-ke abazingeli abangabodwa basusa abantu abashaywayo. Ngokubambisana ne-moray eels, ukuncintisana nama-skirmish kungenzeka, kepha akunakulungiswa.
Lokhu kutholakala kwemvelo ezweni lemvelo. Ama-Moray eels anikela kalula uhhafu wezinhlanzi ezilandelwayo, njengoba nje amaqembu engahambisani nokudla enye ingxenye njengenhlanganiso.
Lapho zizingela ngezicubu zomzimba, amaqembu awazenzi izisulu zawo, kuphela kulabo abaye baphuma bapakisha ngokweqile.
Ama-Lobsters angukudla okuthandayo kwamaqembu. Isitsha sesibili esithandwa kakhulu yimithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqembu abamba ama-mollusks nezinhlanzi eziningi, kufaka phakathi oshaka kanye ne-stingrays. Kwesinye isikhathi izisulu ziyizimfudu zasolwandle ezincane.
Ividiyo: Gruper
Ngenkambiso yokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha zokuba khona kanye nasenqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, iqembu lafunda ukuguqula ukwakheka komzimba nombala ukuze lizifumbele futhi uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi esondela ekuthini linganakwa. Futhi nasenqubweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukwakheka nokwakheka kwamazinyo sekushintshile. Ahlelwe ngemigqa eminingana futhi ancishisiwe ngandlela thile ngokuqhathaniswa nosayizi wokuqala.
Ososayensi baphawula ukuthi leli qembu lingelalabo abamele izimbali zasolwandle nezilwane ezingashintshile kangako kusukela lasungulwa. Ngenkambiso yokusatshalaliswa, izinhlanzi zahlukaniswa ngama-subspecies amaningi, ngazinye kuwo athola izici ezihlukile zangaphandle, izici zokuziphatha kanye nendlela yokuphila.
Iqembu ngesiGrikhi
Kuyadingeka:
- Amafutha omnqumo - 1 tbsp. l
- I-anyanisi ngezimpaphe - 1 pc.
- Iqembu - izingcezu ezi-5
- Garlic - amakhanda ama-3 amakhulu
- Ukunameka utamatisi - 180 gr.
- Iwayini elomile - 125 gr.
- Umhluzi wenkukhu - 70 gr.
- Ijusi kalamula - 2 tbsp. l
- Imbewu yeCaraway, isinamoni - ½ tsp ngayinye
- Ushizi - 125 gr.
- Ama-Walnuts - inkomishi e-1.
Ukupheka:
- Fry izingcezu kuze nsundu wegolide.
- Fry ugarliki no-anyanisi emafutheni.
- Faka unamathisela utamatisi, umhluzi, ulamula, kanye nezinongo ukunambitha.
- Cindezela isisindo imizuzu eyi-10, bese ufaka izingcezu zenhlanzi ezithosiwe. Amakhambi ahlanganisiwe.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Isithombe: Iqoqo lezinhlanzi
Kungakhathaleki ukuthi yikuphi okubhaliselwe, usayizi nesifunda sokuhlala, wonke amaqembu ahlukaniswa izici ezithile ezibahlanganisa.
Izimpawu zezimpawu zamaqembu:
- umzimba omkhulu, omkhulu, uthambile kancane ukusuka ezinhlangothini,
- ukumboza gill nge spikes,
- umthambo omkhulu womlomo
- ukuba khona kwe-spiny fin eyodwa ngaphezulu emuva,
- ukuba khona kwama-spine amathathu kulolo hlolo,
- amazinyo amafushane futhi abukhali kakhulu etholakala emigqeni eminingana.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zokubamba zibizwa ngokuthi itshe ngenxa yokufana kwangaphandle ngamatshe angaphansi. Lokhu akuchazwanga ngisho nangobukhulu bomzimba omkhulu, kodwa ngombala othile, ofana kakhulu namatshe, amatshe kanye nezixhobo zamakhorali. Emzimbeni wezinhlanzi kunamaphuzu amaningi, imibuthano, imivimbo, njll.
Inhlanzi futhi inezici ezithile ezithile ezihlukanisa abanye abamele izitshalo zasolwandle nezilwane zasolwandle.
- amehlo amancane, ayindilinga
- ingxenye enkulu, ebanzi yenhloko, lapho amehlo abukeka emincane futhi engabalulekile,
- cishe bonke abantu beqembu yi-hermaphrodites. Zine-ovary ukuze zikhiqize amaqanda kanye nama-testes, ngosizo lokuthi kukhiqizwa amaseli amangaphi okuzalisa,
- osayizi bomzimba bangafinyelela kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kumamitha amathathu.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Inhlanzi inikezwe amandla okushintsha umbala nokwakheka komzimba ukuze ufihle.
Isisindo somzimba somuntu oyedwa osekhulile kuya ngosayizi waso futhi sisuka ku-10-20 kuya ku-350-400 kilos. Umbala ungahluka kakhulu, kusuka kokukhanya okukhanyayo, okubomvu okugcwele kuze kube kombala, ompunga noma onsundu. Kuya ngesifunda lapho kuhlala khona umhlaseli. Umgodi womlomo mkhulu kakhulu, ucindezelwe kancane phambili. Luhlungwe ukukhula kwesikhumba okunikeza ukwakheka kwezindebe ezikhulunywayo.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
I-hermaphrodism yamaqembu ngamaqembu yisilinganiso sesikhashana. Izizukulwane eziningana zokuzikhulisa ziyinsakavukela. Kodwa-ke, ukufakwa okwengeziwe kwezinhlobo ezintsha zezimpawu kuyadingeka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zomzimba kuqala, ubungozi bezifo, ukwanda kwesibalo sabantu kuyanda.
Ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi phansi kweqembu ihleliwe. Inhlanzi idlala indima yowesilisa, efaka umanyolo insikazi noma okuphambene nalokho.
Umlingiswa wezinhlwesi ezimbili kungaba yinkinga kwabasolwandle. Ukuthatha umuntu oyedwa ukuthola umthamo othile wamanzi, uthola ama-broods amaningana. Ezinye izinhlanzi zizalela kuphela lapho kukhona umlingani.
Iqembu lizala lodwa. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukubala ivolumu edingekayo ye-aquarium.
Amaqembu amaningi aphila iminyaka engama-30. Iminyaka ephakathi neminyaka eyi-15. Abamele izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu baphila iminyaka engama-60-70. Ngaphandle kwalokho, inhlanzi bezingeke zibe nesikhathi sokuthola isisindo esifanele. Abamele izinhlobo ezincane zamatshe ama-bass, kunalokho, akuvamile ukuthi baphile isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10.
Kebabs
- Sika inyama ibe izingcezu 2x2 cm ngosayizi.
- Dlulisela epanini elijulile, ufafaze kalamula. Faka usawoti, ugalikhi, isithokelo.
- Vumela ukushada ngesigamu sehora.
- Thatha ama-skewers okhuni, izingcezu zezintambo kubo, uhlangana notamatisi we-cherry.
- Faka i-kebabs ephekiwe ephepheni lokubhaka, uthele nge-marinade.
- Fry kuhhavini, ngokwesilinganiso cishe imizuzu engu-6 - 10. Beka izingcezu kalamula bese ukhonza.
Ukusuka kulo ungapheka inani elikhulu lezinto zokudla ezimnandi nezihehayo. Okubi kufaka ukubekezelelana komuntu ngamunye. Kuyasiza kuwo wonke umuntu ukuba ayisebenzise, kungakhathalekile iminyaka yobudala.
Ihlala kuphi iqoqo?
Photo: Giant Grouper
Iningi lezinhlobo zamaqembu ahlala emanzini olwandle. Zonke ziyizinhlanzi ezi-thermophilic futhi zikhetha amanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo noma ezisezindaweni eziphansi. E-Russia, yizimbili kuphela zazo zonke izinhlobo ezichazwe ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo.
Izindawo zeqembu:
Izinhlanzi zingaphila ekujuleni okuhlukahlukene kusuka kumamitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-50. Isidingo sendawo yokuhlala yabantu abaqoqelwayo isiziba sangaphansi, esidingekayo ukuhlinzeka indawo yokukhosela. Kungaba ngamatshe olwandle, amadwala, okhalweni lwezixhobo zamakhorali, imikhumbi eshiswe yilanga, emigedeni ejulile, amadwala, njll. Izinhlanzi zezifunda ezinenhlabathi enesihlabathi futhi ezinobukhulu ngokweqile azibekezeleli.
Izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo azijwayele ukufuduka. Bachitha iningi lempilo yabo endaweni ethile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bathukuthela kakhulu ngokuvikelwa kwayo kwendawo yayo yokuhlala. Bangakwazi kalula futhi ngaphandle kokungabaza ukulwa nezimbangi ezinobukhulu namandla omzimba wazo ongadlula ubukhulu babo. Ingozi futhi ingasongela umuntu uma esondela kakhulu endaweni yokukhosela.Umhlaseli uhlasela ngokushesha ngomlomo ovulekile endaweni yawo yokuhlala into ebeka ingozi kuyo. Ikakhulu abantu abakhulu bangamgwinya umuntu.
Manje uyazi ukuthi izinhlanzi eziqoqana zitholakala kuphi. Ake sibheke ukuthi kudlani.
Ngabe udlani weqembu?
Isithombe: I-Atlantic Grouper
I-Stone perch isho izinhlanzi ezidla inyama. Akakhethi ngokudla futhi udla konke angakugwinya. Isimo esiyinhloko ukuthi inyamazane kufanele ingene emlonyeni womhlaseli. U-Gruper ungumzingeli wangempela. Angalinda isikhathi eside isisulu sakhe ngenkathi sicashile. Lapho inyamazane isiseduze ngangokunokwenzeka, isisulu simane sihlasele ngomlomo waso ovulekile.
Uma inyamazane yaphenduka ishesha futhi ishesha, kanti itshe letshe lalingakwazi ukulubamba, kuba lula ukulandela isikhathi eside. Leli cala lichazwa lapho ummeleli omkhulu walezi zinhlobo egwinya ngokuphelele ushaka ongamamitha nengxenye, owela phansi kubambo lomdobi. Umhlaseli uphishekela oshaka isikhathi eside, kwathi lapho usuphuka, washeshe wakugwinya. I-perch yamatshe evulekile ebanzi inokubukeka okuhle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, abantu abakhulu ngobukhulu babeka ingozi enkulu. Ama-divers awelulekwa ukuba asondele kakhulu kubo.
Iqembu linekhono elilodwa elihlukile - angazingela ngokubambisana nama-moray eels. Lapho umhlaseli ezwa ukuthi inyamazane akatholakali kuyo, ucela usizo kumngane wakhe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umhlaseli omkhulu usondela endaweni yokukhosela ye-moray eel futhi anikine ikhanda amahlandla amaningi ukusuka ngapha nangapha. Imvamisa, i-moray eel iyaphendula, bese kuthi kuqale ukuzingela okuhlanganyelwe. UMurena ubhukuda endaweni yokukhosela lapho isisulu sicashe khona, futhi simxosha lapho. Kwezinye izimo, uzakwethu wetshe lelo uqobo akanandaba nokudla.
Ezimweni eziningi, iqembu liqoka ukuzingela ngokuzimela hhayi ukuhlanganyela nanoma ubani. Ama-Stick perches anokuthanda kwawo ukunambitheka.
Okudingwa yiqembu:
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Iqoqo lezinhlanzi
Iqembu lihlala ngokwemvelo. Cishe yonke impilo bahlala endaweni eyodwa, futhi ababekezeleli ukubonakala kwezimbangi noma ezinye izakhamuzi ezikuyo. Babona izimbangi hhayi kubantu kuphela, noma kubamele ezinye izinhlobo zempilo yasolwandle, kodwa nasezihlotsheni zabo. Lapho kuvela ingozi encane kakhulu, umdlwenguli uphuma endaweni yakhe yokuhlala ngomlomo ovulekile. Kodwa-ke, angadala ukulimala okungathi sína. Ukuhlaselwa kungaqhubeka okuphindaphindiwe. Izimbangi ezisezinhlelweni zokuvikela insimu yazo zingalwa nezimbangi ezikhudlwana kaningana kuzo ngosayizi namandla.
Amaqembu ajwayele ukusebenzisa iningi lesikhathi sawo ekufihleni. Njengoba kunjalo, izinyamazane ezikhathini eziningi zivame ukukhetha izixhobo zamakhorali nemikhumbi eshiswe yilanga. Izinhlanzi zingashiya kuphela isiphephelo esikhethiwe lapho zidinga ukuphishekela ukujaha, noma zibize i-eel moray ukusiza. Ngaphezu kwama-moray eels, amaqembu ajwayele ukuzama ukuhlala eduzane nama-pelicans. Izinyoni zithanda kakhulu ukudla izinhlanzi. Behlasela izikole zezinhlanzi, bahlwitha inyamazane yazo. Izinhlanzi zona-ke, ziphonswa eziseleni, bese iqembu libamba abantu ababelele ngemuva kwepakethe.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinyamazane ezidla izinhlanzi zithanda ukushisa kuphela, futhi zihlala emanzini anosawoti olwandle, kukhona okuhlukile. Zitholakala emanzini olwandle amasha. Amaqembu ajwayele ukukhulisa ijubane eliphakeme impela - aze afike ku-25-30 km / h. Leli khono likhulisa kakhulu ithuba lokuzingela okuphumelelayo.
Kwenzeka lapho izidumbu zamanzi zenzeka khona
Amaqembu akhetha ukuhlala emanzini anosawoti afudumele. Kepha kukhona okuhlukile. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala emanzini amasha: imifula namachibi. Isibonelo, uMaculocella, uhlala emachibini ase-Australia. Yilingana ne-bass yasolwandle. Kepha inombala okhanyayo.
Usawoti we-reservoir akuyona indawo yokuhlala eyinhloko: umqoqi weqembu uhlala lapho angacasha khona. Ngakho-ke, indawo engezansi ithola ukubaluleka. Ukuba khona kwezindawo ezifihliwe zemvelo kubalulekile kumhlaseli. Ngomqondo, i-silt ifanelekile: isiza izinhlanzi ukuba zizifihle.
Njengoba kungekho zindawo zokukhosela zemvelo emifuleni noma ezindlini zamachibi ezinethala elinesihlabathi, lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi alutholakali ezindaweni zokugcina ezinjalo. Kubo, ukuba khona kwama-polyps, izinqwaba, imihume, amadwala kubalulekile.
Ukujula kwesilondolozi nakho kubalulekile. Indawo yokuhlala yasolwandle ibalulekile - iqembu leli libhekisa ezinhlanzini ezinkulu ezivame ukuhambela kude ebusweni. Kubalulekile ukuba balale kumamitha ayi-15-150. Isibonelo, iqembu lama-Atlantic giant lifuna ukujula okukhulu.
Hhayi-phansi kuphela okuthola ukubaluleka, kodwa futhi nalokho okungaphezulu kwamanzi kwamanzi. Izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo zithanda ukuhlala echibini eliseduze nalapho kuhlala khona izingulube. Izinyoni zihlasela imihlambi yezinye izinhlanzi, bese amaqoqelana edla lawo adla ezinye. Ezilwandle zalo mndeni, kusetshenziswana nokuhlangana kwama-moray eles, abelana ngalo inyamazane.
Umhlaseli uhlala olwandlekazi lwePacific, Indian, Atlantic. Noma emanzini amasha eningizimu, empumalanga yeRussia, iMelika, i-Australia kanye ne-Asia.
Izinhlobo
I-Predator ingezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Zihlukile ngendawo yokuhlala, umbala, usayizi.
Iqembu elikhulukazi lase-Atlantic lingummeleli omkhulu wohlobo lokuphinga. Umbala onsundu ngombala, kukhona amabala we-beige emzimbeni. Ukugcwala kwabo nobukhali babonisa ubudala. Lapho izinhlanzi zidala, kuba mnyama umbala. Amaphiko alezi zinhlobo angama-20 cm ubude futhi anombala ophuzi.
Umhlaseli omkhulu ubizwa nangokuthi i-Indo-Pacific enamehlo amancane. Ihlala hhayi kuphela eNdiya, kodwa nakwezinye izilwandlekazi.
I-grouper ebomvu inombala obomvu we-orange enamabala e-turquoise. Lababantu bayakhanya besebancane, bese kuba mnyama ngokuguga. Ama-Predators angamasentimitha angama-40-45.
Abantu abahlakazekile bakhulu kuno-15 cm kunobomvu.Banombala onsundu onamamaki abomvu akhiwe ngendlela yezinyosi zezinyosi.
Iqembu lamazambane lihlala olwandle. Yathola igama layo, ngoba umbala wayo ufana nombala wesitshalo sezimpande. Le nhlanzi ingemindeni enabantu bayo abafinyelela ku-1.5 m ubude nama-110 kg wesisindo. Ngenxa yobukhulu obunjalo, inyamazane ayidliwanga. Laba bameleli banenyama elukhuni kakhulu, azikho izindlela zokupheka ezingayinikeza ukunambitheka.
Izidlamlilo zamakhorali yizo ezihamba phambili kwezentengiso. I-Trophy yilezo ezinesisindo esingu-20 kg nobude obu-1 m.
Izici zezempilo
Ngenxa yezimpawu zayo zokunambitha, umkhiqizo uthandwa kakhulu kubahlali baseYurophu naseMelika. Abantu bathanda ukudla abantu abangama-30-50 kg. I-fillet cishe ayinawo amathambo, ngemuva kokupheka ine-ukunambitheka okubucayi futhi okumnandi.
Amaqembu afinyelela kuma-50 kg athathwa njengamnandi. Abapheki abaningi bomhlaba bakubheka njengelungelo elingakanani ukupheka inhlanzi enkulu kangako ngokwendlela yabo yokupheka. Izindleko zezitsha ezivela kumkhiqizo onjalo ziphakeme. Futhi abantu abadala, abameleli abakhulu kakhulu abanakubonwa.
Izinhlanzi ezinosayizi omncane ezinesisindo esifinyelela ku-1 kg zingaphekwa ngomlilo ovulekile ngokushesha ngemuva kokubanjwa olwandle.
Ukudla kuhanjiswa ngerayisi noma nge-pasta, kuhlotshiswe ushizi, amakhambi namantongomane. Bangapheka i-kebabs kule nhlanzi. Njengoba kunenhliziyo, ungakhonza ngemifino emisha ngaphandle kwesinye isidlo esisehlangothini.
Umlando Womkhiqizo kanye neJografi
Zonke izinhlanzi zomndeni wama-serranian zingabadli abanobunzima ngomsuka wazo wemvelo wemvelo. Iqembu lijwayele ukubambela inyamazane yesikhathi esizayo emifantwini yamadwala, eduze namatshe noma okhalweni lwamakhorali, okungukuthi, lapho limbozwa bushelelezi ngenxa yombala wayo okhethekile. Inhlanzi inemisipha emikhulu, ebekiwe, eyivumela ukuba idonsa ngokoqobo "ukubanjwa" ngamandla amakhulu. I-grouper ikakhulukazi idla izakhamizi ezingashoni zolwandle olujulile - izinhlanzi eziphakathi nendawo, oshaka abancane, izimfudu ezincane kanye nama-crustaceans.
Izilwane ezinkulu kunazo zonke zeqembu zitholakala oLwandle Olubomvu; izinhlobo zalo zande kakhulu eLwandle iMedithera. Ezinye izinhlobo zezidalwa zasolwandle ezihlala emanzini asempumalanga yoLwandlekazi iPacific kanye nezindawo zamakhorali zaseNdiya. Iqembu litholakala ogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika. Ukusuka lapho, ububanzi bayo bufinyelela yonke indlela eya esiqhingini saseGreenland nasentshonalanga yeScandinavia, futhi ukusuka eningizimu kukhawulelwe eshalofini lasePatagonian. Akuvamile ukuthi iqembu lamaqembu litholakale ogwini lwaseNingizimu Ntshonalanga Afrika.
Isikhathi eside, leli qembu laliyisidlanzana sendawo iziqhingi zaseFlorida Keys eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States. Kepha kuma-80s eminyaka edlule, lo mkhiqizo waqala ukuvela kumamenyu kwamanye amazwe amaningi. Inhlanzi ikhangwa ukunambitheka kwayo okuyingqayizivele kanye nokuthi kungenzeka ukudoba unyaka wonke, okuyisizathu sokutshala kwayo okwenziwe ngobukhulu.
Kulezi zinsuku, iqembu leli liwumkhiqizo othandwa kakhulu eYurophu. Ingatholakala yonke indawo ezitolo ezikhethekile lapho izinhlanzi zilethwa ngohlobo lwesidumbu sonke noma sinqunywe kube yimichilo nemifantu.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo
Ososayensi bachaze izinhlobo ezingama-90 zezinhlanzi eziqoqiwe, ezingafani nje ngobukhulu, kodwa futhi ngokubukeka, umbala nendawo yokuhlala. Ubude bezinhlanzi bungahluka kusuka ku-20 cm kuya ku-250 cm. Abantu abakhulu bayakwazi ukufinyelela isisindo somzimba esingaphezu kwama-400 kg. Isigcawu esikhulu kunazo zonke satholakala emanzini ashubisayo oLwandlekazi i-Indian - ubunzima baso babungama-458 kg nobude obungamasentimitha angama-277.
Emphakathini wezinhlanzi ze-serran, okuvame kakhulu yi-Red grouper. Ngobukhulu, itholakala eGulf of Mexico, lapho ibanjelwa izinhloso zezimboni nezizimele. Iqembu elibomvu lingelezo zinhlobo zezinto zasolwandle lapho isimo se-ecosystem sixhomekeke khona.
Izinhlobo ezinhle zama-gourmet nabathandi be-exoticism yasolwandle bajabulela izinhlobo ezinjengamaqembu:
• amabala amhlophe
• enemibala ebomvu,
• i-lyrebird,
• imabula.
Inyama yalezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ibongwa ngokunambitheka kwayo obucayi nephunga elikhethekile elikhumbulekayo.
Ukupheka Isicelo
Ngezinhloso zokubusa, akuzona zonke izinhlobo zenyama yeqembu ezisetshenziswayo. Izidumbu zezinhlanzi ezinesisindo esifinyelela ku-1 kg futhi abantu abaningi ngokweqile azihehi amakhosi asezindlini ngokunambitheka kwawo. Izinhlanzi ezincane zomile futhi zintsha, kanti nezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke ziyi-bony futhi zinikeza ukunambitheka okuthile. Kepha iqoqo lenyama enesisindo esingama-50 kg, uma kunalokho, libhekwa njengomkhiqizo we-gourmet omuhle kakhulu futhi obiza kakhulu. Ilungiselelwe futhi yenziwa ezindaweni zokudlela ezibiza kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.
Izinhlanzi ezingamaqembu zilungiswa ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ingafakwa kumasobho, ubilisiwe nje, ukhokho, ubhakwe kuhhavini futhi upheke ngisho nomlilo I-al-ash. Inyama inamathambo ambalwa, ngakho-ke ilungele ukubuna.
I-grouper ihamba kahle ngo-soya newayini usawoti, ilayisi elibilisiwe, imifino, imifino ehlukahlukene, ukuthosa namakhambi amasha.
Abapheki abanolwazi bathanda ukufaka isikhumba abantu abakhulu ngaphambi kokupheka. Bakholelwa ukuthi isikhumba esishubile ngandlela thile senza umphunga wephunga lokudla okulungele.
Manje pecks kuphela kimi!
Ngayibamba le-carp ngosizo lwesishoshovu sokuluma. Manje angikaze ngibuyele ekhaya ngingenazinhlanzi! Isikhathi sokuba uqinisekise ukubanjwa kwakho. Isishoshovu esihle kunazo zonke sonyaka! Kwenziwe e-Italy.
Manje pecks kuphela kimi!
Ngayibamba le-carp ngosizo lwesishoshovu sokuluma. Manje angikaze ngibuyele ekhaya ngingenazinhlanzi! Isikhathi sokuba uqinisekise ukubanjwa kwakho. Isishoshovu esihle kunazo zonke sonyaka! Kwenziwe e-Italy.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Ukuthomba kwenzeka eminyakeni yobudala engama-2-3. Ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka kusetshenziswa i-caviar. Izinhlanzi zilala phansi kaningi ezindaweni zazo ezikhethiwe. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, bayayifaka umquba, bese kuthi kamuva kuvela ama-fry amaningi. Ziyasebenza. Ubukhulu bawo nohlelo lwemibala luhluke kakhulu ngokuya ngezinsiza kanye nendawo yokuhlala.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: Isisulu sasolwandle singokwama-hermaphrodites. Lokhu kusho ukuthi wonke umuntu omdala une-ovary yokukhiqiza amaqanda nezindlala zokukhiqiza isidoda. Kulokhu, umuntu oyedwa angakhiqiza amaqanda futhi azivundise ngokwawo. Bonke abantu ngemuva kokuzalwa kubhekwa njengabesifazane. Kodwa-ke, lapho sebefinyelele ebusheni, baba ngabesilisa.
Kungabonakala ukuthi le inketho enhle yokubuyisela usayizi wabantu kanye nokuzisasaza. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwezizukulwane eziningana, ama-genome degenerates, ngakho-ke izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo zidinga ukuxutshwa nezinye izinhlobo.
Isilinganiso sokuphila okuphakanyisiwe esimelelwa yilolu hlobo lwenhlobo yezilwane zasolwandle eziyiminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-30. Isifiso sempilo ngokuqondile kuncike ezinhlotsheni nasendaweni yokuhlala. Abantu abakhulu baphila ezimweni zemvelo iminyaka engaba ngu-70-80. Izinhlobo ezincane ezingabiwa ekhaya e-aquarium, ziphila isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10.
Izitha zemvelo zamaqembu
Photo: Giant Grouper
Yize inamandla futhi ingesabi, i-perch yamatshe ayiyona ingxenye yesigaba sezinyamazane eziphakeme. Ama-Subspecies, amakhulu kakhulu ngosayizi, cishe azinazitha. Ama-Subspecies, abonakala ngosayizi omncane, anezitha eziningi kakhulu endaweni yemvelo.
Izitha zemvelo zezinhlanzi:
Ezitheni eziyinhloko zabamele abamangalisayo bempilo yasolwandle umuntu. Njengomphumela womsebenzi wayo, inani lezinhlanzi selokhu lehla ngokushesha cishe iminyaka eyishumi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuzingela kwabo ngamanani amakhulu. Abazingeli bababambanga hhayi kuphela ngenhloso yokuthola izinto ezibonakalayo noma njengomthombo wokudla okunempilo, kodwa ngenxa yenzalo yezemidlalo. Umhlaseli obanjiwe umane nje wasetshenziselwa ukwenza isabsa, eyayisebenza njengomhlobiso, noma indondo.
Izinhlanzi zizwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kwamazinga okushisa, noma kwezinye izici zamanzi olwandle. Kungaleso sizathu-ke ukungcola okwandayo kulimaza inani labameleli abaningi bezilwane zasolwandle nezilwane zasolwandle.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Iqembu emanzini
Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa, ososayensi bathole ukuthi eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, inani labantu abasebenza ngamatshe selinciphe ngaphezu kwama-80%. Kunezizathu eziningi zalokhu.
Izizathu zokwehla kwezinombolo zezinhlanzi:
- Ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwamanzi olwandle,
- ukungasebenzi kahle kwezitshalo nezilwane, ngenxa yalokho ukuncishiswa kokudla kuncishisiwe,
- ushintsho olubalulekile esimweni sezulu sezulu.
Zonke lezi zinto ngokuhlangene zibe nomthelela omkhulu enanini labazingeli. Kunokwehla kwesibalo sabantu kanye nokwenza kwabantu. Lokhu kungenxa yokwanda kwenani kanye nokwanda kwesidingo senyama yabantu abasha. Inenyama emnandi futhi emnandi kakhulu, engenawo amakhalori. Enye inzuzo ebalulekile yenyama yenyamazane nokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwamavithamini namaminerali.
Esinye isizathu esibalulekile sokwehliswa kwenani lezinhlanzi inani elikhulu labadobi kanye nabazingeli abazingela inyamazane abayifunayo ngenxa yenzuzo noma injabulo. Abamele le nhlobo basengozini enkulu ngesikhathi sokuzalela, lapho bebuthana ngasemifuleni yemifula. Ngalesi sikhathi, bahlangana ngamanani amakhulu kulezi zindawo, futhi abadobi bayakwazi lokhu.
Ukuqapha Kweqembu
Isithombe: I-Red Book Grouper
Kuze kube manje, i-perch yamatshe ibhalwe ku-Red Book. Ezindaweni eziningi lapho kuhlala khona umhlaseli, ukudoba nokudoba ngesikhathi sokuloba akuvunyelwe ngumthetho. Ukwephulwa kwalo mthetho kungajeziswa inhlawulo enkulu ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu, noma ngokuboshwa iminyaka ehlukile. Ososayensi bayaphawula ukuthi inani lamaqembu abantu bahlukumezeka kakhulu, futhi kuzothatha iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nambili ukubuyisela amandla alo.
Emuva ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990s, abantu bazamile ukuthuthukisa kanye nokwenza isethi yezindlela zokuvikela okuhloswe ngazo ukubuyisa inani labantu kanye nokwandisa inani labantu. E-United States of America, lesi sakhamuzi sasolwandle sifakwa kuhlu lwamazwe omhlaba lwe-Rare and Special Valuable Species, lapho sanikezwa khona isimo "sezilwane ezisondele ekuqothulweni".
Ososayensi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi okuyiyona ndlela efanelekile yokusindisa izisulu zasolwandle ekuqothulweni ukwandisa inani lemithombo lapho izibalo zamatshe zingakhululeka khona ngangokunokwenzeka. Izinhlanzi zizizwa zikhululekile ezimweni ezenziwe ngobuciko. Kokuqukethwe okulungile, inqubo yokuzala kabusha ikhiqiza kakhulu, futhi isikhathi sokuphila siyakhula.
Iqembu kubhekiswa empilweni yasolwandle eyivelakancane futhi ebaluleke kakhulu. Inyama yayo yaziswa kakhulu emhlabeni womkhakha wokudla. Ubuciko bangempela bezobuciko bulungiselelwe kusuka kuwo. Inyama yenhlanzi iphansi kumakhalori futhi inamavithamini namaminerali amaningi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesintu ukugcina izinhlobo zezilwane kanye nokwandisa inani lazo labantu.