Umbuso: | Eumetazoi |
I-infraclass: | Inhlanzi yeBony |
Ukuthenga: | I-Cypriniphysi |
I-Superfamily: | I-Carp-like |
Buka: | Umdobi |
Umdobi, noma manzi (lat. Vimba vimba), luhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezihlotshiswe ngama-ray ezivela emndenini we-carp.
Njengengxenye yezinhlobo zezilwane, okubhalwe kuhlukaniswa yindawo yokuhlala:
Ifinyelela kubude be-60 cm kanye nesisindo esingama-3 kg, ubudala obuphezulu yiminyaka eyi-17.
Inyama yenhlanzi imhlophe futhi inambitha, ithengisiwe yomile futhi yabhema.
Izinhlanzi ezingabizi kakhulu. Ukudoba kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhluma komhlaba ngoMeyi-Juni. Abadobi baseLwandle Olumnyama babanjwa emgodini oMfula iDon, eMfuleni iKuban naseLwandle i-Azov.
Bahlanganyela ekwenzeni kabusha izinhlanzi ezindaweni zokuzivikela ezifuywayo.
Habitat
Ezokudoba nezincwadi ze-ichthyological, eluhlaza inegama lesibili - "umdobi". Emazweni aseBaltic, lapho ukudoba kudume khona kakhulu, kuthiwa "wimba". Umdobi utholakala ezilwanywini zamanzi ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga nasentshonalanga eseningizimu neRussia. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho naseSiberia, okuluhlaza akutholakali.
Isamba esikhulu se-wimba sitholakala emizimbeni yamanzi:
E-Russia, uhla lwenhlanzi olusenyakatho lunqunyelwe eMfuleni iSvir, otholakala esifundeni saseLeningrad. Ukuthwebula okungalingani kwe-syrty nakho kuyenzeka eLake Onega. Le nhlanzi enhle yomndeni we-cyprinid ubanjwe ngempumelelo:
- engxenyeni eseningizimu yeLake Ladoga,
- eNarva
- eVolkhov,
- phezulu esiGodini saseFinland.
AmaWimba ngamanani amakhulu ahlala emifuleni engxenyeni esenyakatho nentshonalanga yeYurophu kanye nezifunda zaseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeRussia. Kwabadobi abahlala ogwini lwe-Dniester ne-Bug, eluhlaza yinto ejwayelekile yokudoba. Kulezi imifula, umdobi ufika lapho ehlangana khona nezindlela ezahlukene zokudoba. Kungenzeka futhi ukubamba le nhlobo ezindaweni ezingezansi ze-Dnieper, nokho, phakathi nendawo engenhla yalo mfula, ukudoba kuhleliwe ngokwemvelo, ngenxa yenani elikhulu labadlwenguli abavimba indlela yezinhlanzi.
Ngesinye isikhathi, abadobi abadoba kuDon bangabamba izinhlanzi ezingavuthiwe. Emfuleni iKuban, eminyakeni eyi-15 eyedlule, inani labadobi selikhuphuke kakhulu, okungahle kube ngenxa yokujwayelekile kwesimo semvelo ezindaweni eziseduzane. Inani elincane lezinhlanzi lingatholakala kumachibi amakhulu asenyakatho, lapho imifula enjengeNarva neVolkhov ingena khona.
IVimba ikhetha umfula onamanzi ahlanzekile futhi abanda ngokulinganisela endaweni yawo, yingakho kawubonwa kangako esifundeni eseningizimu nasenyakatho yeRussia. Le nhlanzi izizwa intofontofo ezindaweni ezifakwa usawoti kancane oLwandle iBaltic. E-Neman nase Ntshonalanga Dvina, kunohlobo olukhethekile lwezinto ezingavuthiwe olungahambi isikhathi eside futhi luhlala emfuleni kuphela, ngaphandle kokuya ezindaweni zokugcina ezingomakhelwane.
Ukuze uthole indawo yokuhlala yaphakade, i-wimba ikhetha izingxenye zomfula ezinethafa lamatshe, lapho ukujula kungamamitha ayi-2-5. Phakathi kwamatshe, inhlanzi ifuna ukudla okujwayelekile:
- ama-crustaceans aphakathi nendawo,
- ama-mollusks
- izibungu zezinambuzane.
Ehlobo, umdobi angashintshela ngokuphelele ekondleni ku-algae ehlanzekile. Ngesikhathi sokuzikhukhula, i-wimba isondela ogwini noma icashe ngamatshe amancane, lapho amanzi ehlanzeka khona.
Okusha
IVimba vimba (Pall.)
Ugwayi, ngaphandle kwalokho umdobi, ubaluleke kakhulu kubahlali basentshonalanga, eningizimu-ntshonalanga nangaseningizimu neRussia, kodwa enyakatho kanye nasegodini lomfula. Akakaze ahlangane neVolga, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi uPallas uyixube ne-roach (cm. Roach). Kubacwaningi bakwaVolga abalandela, akekho osho inhlanzi, yize kungenzeka ukuthi ayinqamule. uye kwiVolga ngemisele. Akekho naseSiberia, yize uValenciennes esithi athole le nhlanzi kwa-Ob. Cishe uyixube noshizi.
U-fig. 133. Okusobala, umdobi.
U-fig. 134. Amazinyo e-Pharyngeal aluhlaza.
Ngokuvamile, izwe lezinhlanzi liseYurophu Ephakathi. Akekho nhlobo eFrance futhi, ngokusobala, eSpain nase-Italy, kepha ujwayelekile impela kulo lonke elaseJalimane nase-Austria, ngisho naseNgilandi naseSweden. E-Russia, izinto ezingavuthiwe zifinyelela emngceleni osenyakatho emthonjeni we-Svir futhi awusatholakali eLake Onega, esiqongweni seGulf of Finland, engxenyeni eseningizimu yeLake Ladoga, futhi eNeva, Narova futhi ikakhulukazi eVolkhov, kungokwenhlanzi ezijwayelekile futhi zivela lapha ziye eMeta, futhi mhlawumbe kwiVolga ephezulu. ELake Ladoga, noma kunjalo, ifinyelela eKexholm, futhi eGulf of Bothnia, iBiorneborg isebenza njengomkhawulo owedlulele wokusatshalaliswa kwayo. Ezifundazweni zase-Ostseey, esifundeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga, ePoland naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeRussia, inani lezinto zokusetshenziswa selivele liningi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi eDniester naseGun, eDnieper ihlangana kancane futhi kunamanani amancane asencane ngaphezu kwemikhawulo, yize ifinyelela eSmolensk. Ngokuvamisile, umdobi uza kuDon, kepha, ngaphandle kwalokhu, ubanjwa ngamanani amakhulu kakhulu ku-Kuban. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezingavuthiwe zitholakala kwamanye amachibi amakhulu enyakatho ntshonalanga yeRussia, ngokwesibonelo. echibini I-Ilmen, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yayo esenyakatho, lapho iza khona ngenani elincane ukusuka eVolkhov.
Ekhaleni layo eliphakeme, eliqavile, elimboza umlomo ngokuphelele, okuluhlaza kuhlukaniswa kalula kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlanzi, futhi kungahlanganiswa kuphela ne-podust, enikeza ukufana okuthile nayo. Kepha lo podust mncane kakhulu kunenhlanzi, unombala ohluke ngokuphelele ne-anal anal fin (enama-ray angama-15, ku-syrtis 21-25), ngaphezu kwalokho, umlomo we-podust, lapho uvuliwe, awunamjikelezo kodwa ukwakheka kochungechunge, i-peritoneum imnyama futhi inkulu ngosayizi. Umbala wezinto ezingavuthiwe uhluka kakhulu phakathi nezinkathi zonyaka. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuphonsa i-caviar, kungenye yezinhlanzi zethu ezinhle kakhulu: lonke emuva linemnyama naye, maphakathi nesisu namaphephethi aphansi abomvu, kanti abesilisa bakhulisa amancanyana abunjwe okusanhlamvu emakhanda abo, isembozo se-gill nasemaphethelweni esikali. warts. Ekwindla nasebusika, ingemuva lomdobi linombala onsomi, isisu simhlophe ngesiliva kanti namaphini aphansi aphuzi ngokuphuzi. Kukho konke, okuthiwa. Ibhulamu elinamehlo amnyama (i-Abramis melanops) (1), etholwe nguNordman emifuleni yaseCrimea (iSalgir), ayiyona inhlobo ekhethekile, kodwa kuphela ukuguqulwa kwenhlanzi ejwayelekile. Inekhala elifushane futhi elingaqhamile, umzimba omncane, ikhanda elimnyama futhi iqiniso lokuthi umucu omnyama ocacile noma omfishane ongaxekile emhlane wakhe, namaphini, ngaphandle kwalapho okungu-anal kanye ne-pectoral (okumhlophe), kunombala omnyama. Akavamile ukuba ngaphezu konyawo olude.
Yize okuluhlaza kukhulu ngokubonakalayo kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezilandelayo, akuvamile ukuthi kube ngaphezu kwama-7-9 nibs. namaphawundi ama-2-3, isisindo, nokho, ngokobufakazi babadobi be-Pskov, beza bengavuthiwe namaphawundi ama-5, kodwa lokho sekuvele kunqabile kakhulu. Le nhlanzi igulela kakhulu futhi iphila kamnandi: emifuleni ihlala inamathela emanzini asheshayo futhi iqhubeka nokulangazelela, ngokuvamile, iyawathanda amanzi abandayo namsulwa ahlanzekile, okuchaza ngokwengxenye yawo ukungabi khona kwemifula yesisekelo saseVolga. Akesabi, nokho, ngamanzi amponjwana futhi uhlala ngokuzithandela ezigcotsheni nasezihlathini ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi ekwindla. Ukudla komdobi kuqukethe izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, ama-crustaceans, izibungu, ama-mollusks, okuvame ukuthi kudle ezitshalweni zasemanzini.
I-Syrti iqhume sekwephuze kakhulu - eningizimu ngoMeyi, kanye nasezifundazweni ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga - ngasekupheleni kwale nyanga noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, babutha imihlambi eminingi futhi eminyene futhi emachibini, izihlambi zemifula kwesinye isikhathi zikhuphuka kakhulu imifula, ukuze zibalwe njengezinhlanzi ezifudukayo. Zivame ukuqanda amaqanda esiteshini leso, ezindaweni ezijulile ezinethafa lamatshe, emanzini ageleza ngokushesha, ukuqhekeka kuvame ukuhlala amasonto amabili futhi, ngokusobala, kwenziwa kuphela ebusuku. I-roe yezinhlanzi incane kunalokho (enezinhlamvu ze-poppy) futhi ihluke kakhulu: kowesifazane ongamakhilogremu abesifazane kunamaqanda afinyelela ku-30,000. I-roe yezinhlanzi ihlala inamathiselwe ematsheni lapho ihlikihla khona, futhi ngalokhu, kunjalo, ivezwa izingozi ezimbalwa nokuhlaselwa kwezinye izinhlanzi, nezinyoni zamanzi, kunezinhlanzi ezindiza otshanini nasezindaweni ezingashoni.
Imininingwane enemininingwane eminingi mayelana nendlela yokuphila yomdobi, yize ihlakazekile, sihlangana noTerletsky, owabona umdobi eZap. UDvina noNeman. Ukwahlulela ngokuchaza kwakhe, i-syrt yemifula eqanjwe ngegama ngezindlela eziningi ihlukile emgodini oseningizimu yeRussia kanye nezinye izindawo ezisenyakatho nentshonalanga yeRussia. “Kuyi-Raw,” kusho uTerletsky, "izinhlanzi zasemfuleni, okungenani ezindaweni eziseNtshonalanga Dvina naseNeman, azikho emachibini. Kokubili ukupaka futhi ehlobo, ukhetha izindawo ezi-whimsical kakhulu, ezikhethekile, okungaba nzima kakhulu ukuzibona. Ngokuyinhloko igcinwe emanzini ampompo, inhlabathi eyimbozwe ngetshe elikhulu le-gvira noma ngamatshe angajulile, ngokujula okuhlukahlukene. Ngokukhuphuka kwamanzi, kodwa-ke, kugcina ugu futhi lungena emuva kwamanzi. Yena, ekhaya kanye nasezintabeni, azenza kaningi kunezinye izinhlanzi zasemfuleni, unamathela njalo emhlambini. Zona kanye lezihlambi ze-syrti zihlelwe ngokuqinile ngokweminyaka yazo yobudala, futhi abantu abasha abatholakali ezikoleni zabadala noma ezineminyaka ephakathi nendawo. Ama-syrtinki amancane, aze afike eminyakeni emibili ubudala, abuyela ezingubeni ezijulile, ahlala emba esihlabathini naphakathi kwamatshe, efuna ama-testicles nezibungu zezinambuzane zasemanzini, ezidla kuzo. Ngakho-ke, kuyaqabukela kungaphumeleli ukubamba nje kuphela, kepha futhi nokuhlangana nezinhlanzi ezincane, ”.
“Kuqala kubhaqeke ngasekupheleni kukaJuni noma ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Ayikho inhlanzi eyodwa enamanzi ahlanzekile alungiselelwe lo mgubho onjenge-pike noma i-podust (eluhlaza). Amanye amasonto amabili ngaphambi kwe-estrus, i-podust iqala ukubala futhi iba nombala ogqamile, ogqamile futhi muhle ngokwengeziwe. Umbala wesiliva omhlophe ojwayelekile umhlophe uthathwa ngombala ophuzi ophuzi nopinki omhlophe onamachaphaza egolide eduze kwemaphethelo wejazi nalapho amachwane ejoyina. ”
“E-Zapadnaya Dvina, ukunyakaza okukhethekile kwethanga kuyamangalisa ngenkathi kuqhakaza izimbali zezinyoni, ngesikhathi sokuncipha kwerayi nombala wamajikijolo. Ukuthi amanzi makhulu yini noma mancane, i-podust ikhuphuka ngalesi sikhathi ingena ezinhlwini ezinkulu zeWvina D Western. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lokhu kukhuphuka kwenziwa kuqala ngamanani amancane e-podust, khona-ke, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwama-rye, imibala ephakathi ne-raspberry yiwona amakhulu kunawo. Bathi: "Kukhona i-podust - cheryomovka, robin noma umhlahlandlela wokuhamba." Kucatshangwa ukuthi, lapho elungiselela ukuphonswa kukakhokho esikhathini esizayo, afune indawo efanelekile lokhu kusengaphambili futhi, njengokungathi uyazijwayela, ahambe ngokushesha, ukuze isinyathelo uqobo siqhubeke izinsuku ezimbalwa. ”
"Ukuthena izinkuni akuqoqani emihlambi, kepha, kuhlala kulezo zindawo ezinkulu noma ezincane lapho i-caviar izithole khona (?), Okokuqala bazulazule, bafuna izindawo ezinwebayo, bese, bejabha ngetshe elikhulu lapho, izindlela zamanje zakha usayizi we-cascade, i-podust, enye emva kwenye, ihlala igxumela etsheni ngokwalo, kube sengathi lifisa ukuwela kulo. Izinsimbi zazo ezinombala obomvu njengamamozi zikhazimula elangeni, noma zithuthuka noma zinyamalala emanzini okuwa, futhi imivimbo yokusila okusheshayo iphonsa imifudlana egqamile engaphenduki. Ngokuvamile i-podust iphonsa i-caviar nobisi ngesikhathi sokugeleza okusheshayo, okuqeda ngokushesha, okubathwala ngokushesha. Ukuthola izindawo ezilungele ukusakazeka, i-podust ivame ukuya emikhakheni emikhulu yemifula emadolobhaneni abalulekile, lapho ibanjwa khona yiJacques (Zhokhs, snout), ebekwe endaweni esheshayo.
Ukuze amaJacques angaqapheleki futhi akhe indawo ezungeze yona yize umakhasimu omncane, ngaleso sikhathi owawuheha umdlandla, uvame ukuthayishwa kakhulu ngezinaliti (?) Kusuka emagatsheni ambozwe ngamaqabunga noma ngenaliti. ”
Impilo nokudoba kwezinhlanzi zamanzi amasha. - EKiev: I-State Publishing House of Literature Yezolimo ye-SSR yase-Ukraine. L.P. Sabaneev. 1959.
Ukubukeka
Kulula ukwahlukanisa okuluhlaza kwabanye abamele umndeni we-cyprinid ngekhala lakhe elikhulu elingena ekuvuleni komlomo. Ngenxa yalesi sici, kuvame ukudidaniswa nge-podust, enezici ezifanayo nomnsalo. Izimpawu ezinamandla zokuthi umehluko phakathi komdobi nesitokhwe sezinhlanzi yilezi:
- umzimba obanzi onombala ohlukile,
- imisebe eminingi kuma-anal fin (uma kukhona ama-ray angama-15 ku-fin, khona-ke lo msebenzi ongavuthiwe uneziningi ezingaphezu kwama-20),
- Umumo oyindilinga womlomo (ngenkathi umlomo une-quadrangle emlonyeni),
- isikali esihle.
Umbala we-wimba ungashintsha unyaka wonke. Ngaphambi kokusaphazeka, umzimba wale nhlanzi upendiwe ngombala ogqamile, obonakale ngamathoni abomvu nawolintshi. Njengabanye abameleli abaningi bomndeni we-cyprinid, ikhanda nokugquma kwama-wimba wesilisa kuqina kakhulu lapho kuthwa. Ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuhluma, umbala wamawele uthamba kancane. Ngamanzi okupholisa ekwindla, emuva kwesirinji kuthola i-hue elula, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amaphiko we-ventral kanye ne-anal aphenduka aphuzi.
Engxenyeni yenhlonhlo yaseCrimea kunezinto ezahlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa okunguhlaza okwenziwe ngombala omnyama. Lolu hlobo luyehluka kubamele beqembu eliphambili ngokungabikho kwakhala elikhulu nomzimba omncane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhloko yohlobo olugqwayiza olunombala omnyama inombala omnyama, kanti amaphiko we-ventral ne-pectoral anomngcele omnyama. Ubude obukhulu bomuntu walolu hlobo luqabukela ngaphezu kwama-30 cm. Kwezinye iziqiwu kukhona isiphambano phakathi kwe-wimba ne-bream. Ama-nzalo anjalo abonakala ngombala obuthuntu ne-concave anal fin.
Abadobi bakwazile ukubamba izinhlobo ze-wimba ezinosayizi odlula uphawu lwamakhilogremu amabili, noma kunjalo, ubukhulu obujwayelekile bale nhlanzi buba amasentimitha angama-30 anesisindo esingama-600-800 g. Ezindaweni eziningi, izinhlanzi ezingavuthiwe ziyizinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezivinjelwe ngokuphelele, okufanele zinakwe umdobi oqoqele ukubamba lokhu inhlanzi.
Ukusakaza
Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-cyprinid, ukuqhuma kwe-wimba kuqala sekwephuzile lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lifinyelela ama-degrees 18-18. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, isikhathi sokukhula kwemvelo senzeka ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, nasenyakatho-nentshonalanga ekuqaleni-maphakathi noJuni. Ngaphambi kokusaphaza, umdobi ubumba imihlambi emikhulu bese eqala ukukhuphuka imifula. Ukuziphatha okunjalo kuqondana nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezifudukayo kuphela. Izikole ezinjalo zakhiwa ngokuya ngomgomo wobudala, ngakho-ke, abantu abalingana abalinganayo bakhona eqenjini lezinhlanzi ezazisondela endaweni yokudla.
Uma i-roach ne-crucian carp iqhuma ekujuleni okungajulile, ibeka amaqanda esiqubeni sezimila zasemanzini, khona-ke isimo sokusakazwa kwe-wimba sibukeka sihluke ngokuphelele. Uhlaza ubeka amaqanda ezindaweni eziwela umfula, lapho ukujula kungafinyelela khona amamitha amahlanu noma ngaphezulu. Amaqanda abekiwe, ngosizo lwento enamathela emboza izibungu, igxilile emigqeni yamatshe, evimbela ukudilizwa kwayo ngumjelo wamanzi oqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqanda abekwe emadwaleni amadwala abe engatholakali ama -fowfowl kanye nezinye izinhlanzi eziningi.
Inqubo yokunwebeka ingahlala cishe amasonto amabili, kuyilapho abantu abakhulu kakhulu bengabokuqala ukubeka amaqanda. Kuhlwibazwe kuphela ebusuku. Amaqanda akhe mancane ngosayizi. Inhlanzi ephakathi nendawo ingabekela amaqanda angaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-30, okuthi kudlule ngokweqile ukubonwa kwabanye abamele le nhlobo. I-Fry iboshwe kumaqanda, iminyaka emibili yokuqala yokuphila ibambelela endaweni efanayo lapho yazalelwa khona. Uma izingane zezinye izinhlanzi zivame ukubonwa emanzini angafuthelwanga yilanga, ukuthosa kwezinhlanzi ezingavuthiwe kuhlala kungabonakali emehlweni kogwadule.
Le nhlanzi akuyona into yokudotshwa kwezimboni, njengoba inani labantu bakhona lilincane. Umdobi ubhekwa kufanele njengenye yezinhlanzi zamanzi amnandi kakhulu. Kuhle kakhulu efomeni elithosiwe nelomile.
Izindlela zokudoba
Njengoba izinto ezingavuthiwe zinamathela ezindaweni ezinamandla wamandla aqinile, ukudoba kwawo kufanele kwenziwe ngegiya elifanele, okuvumela ukuthi ibheyili iphathiswe kahle emfudlaneni oqinile wamanzi. Kungcono ukubamba iWimbu kwi-Bologna yesimanje kanye ne-feeder gear. Amagiya wesimanje azoqinisekisa ukondliwa okuyilo kwe-nozzle endaweni yokudoba futhi kuzolethela umdobi imizwelo eminingi emihle lapho kudlalwa inhlanzi.
Induku yokudoba eBologna
Ukulungiswa kweBologna kuhle ukubamba i-wimba emifuleni emincane enemifudlana esezingeni eliphakathi, lapho ukuphonsa khona izingxenyana ze-15-20 m kwanele impela ukuthola izinhlanzi ezindaweni zazo zokupaka.Ukubhekana ne-Bologna yokudoba kwe-wimba kuqukethe izinto eziningana:
- induku yokudoba iBologna ubude obungu-6-7 m ubude, ifakwe ngehele lika-3000 elingenazimbotshana,
- umugqa oyinhloko wokudoba oshaye ngo-0,16-0.18 mm:
- iflothi elakhiwe lgelehla noma liyindilinga elinomthamo ongu-4-12 g,
- isinki elisontekile elibunjiwe,
- ukukhiya ubuhlalu be-silicone,
- usayizi ophakathi nendawo
- umugqa ovela kulayini wokudoba we-monofilament obukhulu obungu-0.12-0.16 mm,
- igwegwe.
Lapho udoba emisindweni eqinile, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ama-alamu alumayo anomthamo ongaphezu kwe-10 g, ngakho-ke uhla lokuhlolwa kwenduku yokudoba esetshenziselwa ukunciphisa induku yokudoba kufanele lube yi-10-25 g, okuzokwenza kube lula ukuphonsa imishini esindayo futhi ulawule ukuhamba kwayo ngesikhathi sokuthumela. Njengoba ukudoba ku-wiring kubandakanya ukuthintana njalo komugqa omkhulu wokudoba onenhlabathi enamadwala angaphansi komhlaba, ungasebenzisi izifinyezo ezincane kakhulu, ngoba ziqala ukuguquguquka ngokushesha okukhulu. Umugqa wekhwalithi osezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu we-monofilament onobubanzi obungu-0.16-0.18 mm ulungele ukuhlomisa induku yokudoba eBologna.
Iflothi elakhiwe lingaqhekeki noma eliyindilinga alitholakali ekucindezelweni kokugeleza kwamanzi okuqondisiwe futhi lizinze ngokwengeziwe ezimweni zamanje ezinamandla. I-antenna yedivaysi ye-Bologna bite signaling kufanele ibe nokudla kwayo, okuzovumela uhlobo oluphansi lwe-wiring.
Isicoci esenziwe ngokubumba singabonakala kulayini lapho kudotshwa, ngakho-ke, i-silicone cambric kumele ifakwe ngaphakathi komgodi wayo ukuvimbela monofilament kusuka emonakalweni. I-silicone bead ekhona ku-snap-in ivimbela umhlangano oholayo ekuphuleni umhlangano wokuxhumeka. I-swivel esezingeni eliphakeme ivimbela ukusonteka kwe-leash ngesikhathi sokuthumela.
Ukugxila okubalulekile kufanele kukhokhwe kubude bokuqashisa, okufanele kube ngamasentimitha angama-60-90. Ukuqhuma isikhathi eside okunjalo kuyinikeza isiheho somdlalo ongeziwe enkundleni, ngenxa yokuthi okuphakelayo kuqaphela ngokushesha. Njengoba sikhuluma ngokubamba izinhlanzi eziqinile nezinkulu, akufanele usebenzise i-leashes thinner kune-0.12 mm, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwama-lean thinner kugcwele imikhosi evame ukuhlangana nemibuthano ecasulayo.
I-Wimba ihlala njalo ilwa ngokhahlo ngesikhathi sokulwa, ngakho-ke osizwayo kufanele agweme ukusebenzisa izingwegwe ezingaphansi kukaNo 12. Ngokuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwezingwegwe ezinkulu, iqiniso lokuthi izinhlanzi zivame ukubanjwa emalungeni amakhulu likhuluma futhi. Inqubo yomhlangano yemishini yokudoba i-wimba imi kanje:
- kufakwa iflothi kufrofini enkulu,
- isinki elishelelayo lifakwa entanjeni yokudoba,
- kufakwa ubuhlalu bekhiya
- swivel iboshelwe ekugcineni komugqa omkhulu,
- ukuvuza okunegwegwe kufakwe kumjuluka.
Imishini iyaguqulwa ukuze ibanga kusuka esitsheni liye kuflothi liphakeme ngo-0.5-1 m ngaphezu kokujula kwangempela endaweni yokudoba. Lapho uthumela, kuzamazama echibini ngaphansi komfula, bese kuthi gxuma igobongo phambi kwalo. Ngenxa yomklamo oshelelayo wesinki, ukuluma kwenhlanzi kudluliselwa ngokushesha entantisweni.
Igiya lama-feeder
Imvamisa kuba nezimo lapho ngisho nalapho kudotshwa khona emfuleni omncane, ongabi ngaphezu kwama-50 m ububanzi, ukufinyelela izinhlanzi, umdobi udinga ukuphonsa imishini yokusebenza engama-30- 40 m.Isimo esifanayo singenzeka uma umbhede womfula udlula ngaphansi kwebhange elihlukile futhi yonke inhlanzi igxiliwe ngaphakathi. ingxenye yesiteshi. Kulokhu, kunengqondo ukusebenzisa i-feeder gear, okubandakanya:
- 40-100 g inhlama yenhlama yokuphaka, ubude obungu-2.7-3,5 m, ifakwe ngoxhaxha lwamagama angamakhulu amathathu,
- intambo ephambili elukiwe enobubanzi obungu-0.12 mm,
- Isiphulelo esivalekile esinesisindo esingu-30-80 g,
- i-hook leash.
Induku yokuphakelwa okunamandla ikuvumela ukuthi ulahle kalula isondli esinesisindo esingama-80 g ukuya kubude bamamitha angama-60. Isiphakeli esindayo lapho unciphisa indawo yokuthoba kudingeka ukugcina umugqa endaweni ethile unikezwe endaweni yamanje enamandla. Akufanele usebenzise intambo ecijile ecijile kulokhu kudoba, ngoba lokhu kuzonyusa umfutho wamanzi ekubhekeni futhi kunciphise ukuzwela kwawo kakhulu.
Izidingo ezifanayo zisebenza ekutholekeni ngegwegwe njengalapho udoba i-Bologna gear. Njengoba ukudoba kwenzeka emfudlaneni lapho inhlanzi ithatha khona isihebe ngokwedlulele kunasemanzini amile, akukho phuzu ekusebenziseni imigqa emincane kakhulu ye-leash nokusebenzisa izingwegwe ezincane kakhulu.
Ama-angler amaningi azibandakanye ekudobeni i-wimba okuhlosiwe eqandeni. Ukudoba u-Ice akusebenzi kangako kunokudoba emanzini avulekile, kodwa futhi kuyathakazelisa. Ukubamba umdobi kusuka eqhweni lapho ebamba okuphakelayo kwasebusika. Isifunzo sasebusika sihluke kulokho okusetshenziswa ngenkathi efudumele ukutholakala kwemishini elula kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-30 g imishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esikhundleni senduku ende yokudoba, induku yokudoba ehlobene nobude obungamamitha angama-60 ngentambo yefigglass eguquguqukayo isetshenziswa. Esikhundleni sekhoyili yangaphakathi, inguqulo yasebusika ye- "multiplier" ivame ukufakwa kulokho kubhekana. Eminye imishini yokusebenza yensimbi ebusika iyafana nalena esetshenziselwa ukudoba emanzini avulekile.
Ugwayi, njengabo bonke abameleli be-cyprinid, baphendula kahle kwingxube ye-bait. Njengokubheja, ungasebenzisa izingxube ezithengiwe nezenziwe ekhaya ezenzelwe ukuheha ubhiya noma i-roach. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi njengoba ukudoba kwenzeka endaweni eqinile yamanje, inhlabathi esindayo kumele ifakwe engxenyeni yebheyili, okungeke kuvume ukuthi ukuhamba kwamanzi kususe ngokushesha izinhlayiya ezondlayo endaweni yokudoba.
Lapho udoba, umhlonyane noma ubulongwe buvame ukusetshenziselwa njengezimbali. Amagazi egazi kanye nebhali elibilisiwe akuvamile kakhulu.
Uma umdobi waba nenhlanhla ngokwanele yokuba semfuleni lapho kutholakala khona inhlanzi eluhlaza, khona-ke ngokuqinisekile kufanele azame ukubamba le nhlanzi eyivelakancane futhi enhle. Ngaphambi kokuya kodoba, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela imithetho yokudotshwa kwama-amateur futhi uqiniseke ukuthi esifundeni sokudoba okuhlongozwayo izinto ezingavuthiwe azifakwanga ohlwini lwezinhlanzi ezingavunyelwe ukudoba.
Izinhlanzi
Umdobi ufinyelela ubude obungu-60 cm onesisindo somzimba esifinyelela ku-3 kg. Ihlala isikhathi esingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-17.
Isici esibonakalayo sokubukeka kwezinhlanzi yiphondo eliphakeme, elimboza ngokuphelele umlomo wale nhlanzi. Kungalesi sizathu lapho umdobi kulula ukuhlukanisa kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile (u-bream, i-scythe, izinqama, njll.). Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlomo wezinhlanzi uyabuyiselwa, ikhanda liyaphawuleka.
Umdobi futhi unomzimba ophakeme, ombozwe ngezikali ezinkulu ezibukhulu. Dorsal fin amade futhi amafushane.
Ngokuqondene nombala wenhlanzi, imvamisa isiliva. Kodwa-ke, umthunzi uyashintsha ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka. Ngalobo busuku bokunwebeka, entwasahlobo, emuva komdobi kumbozwe ngentambo emnyama, kuthi engxenyeni ephakathi yesisu nangamaphiko aphansi kuthola umbala obomvu. Abesilisa lapho behlwayeka emakhanda abo, izembozo ze-gill kanye nasemaphethelweni esikali 'zinengubo yokuhlanganisa' ngendlela yamarimu amancane abunjiwe okusanhlamvu.
Ekupheleni ekwindla, emuva kwezinhlanzi zithola i-hue eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izinhlayiya ezingezansi ziba nsundu ophuzi, isisu siba mhlophe ngesiliva.
Indlela yokuphila yezinhlanzi
Ukudoba kwenziwa ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, iningi lezinhlanzi zishiya amachibi emifuleni, futhi ebusika bakhetha ukubuyela emachibini.
Abadobi babheka inhlanzi eyinhlanzi enomlingiswa omnandi futhi omnandi. Emifuleni, ingahlala ezindaweni ezinesimanje esinamandla ngisho nakwezokulwa. Ihlala ezindlini zamanzi ezihlanzekile, ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi noma edwaleni. Kwesinye isikhathi igcinwa emigodini ekujuleni okukhulu.
Le nhlanzi ihola indlela yokuphila eqoqayo. Amhlambi wezinhlanzi amelelwa ngabantu abalingana nobukhulu kanye nobudala, kwesinye isikhathi amaningi kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinambuzane, ama-mollusks, izibungu, ama-crustaceans amancane afakiwe ekudleni komdobi. Ngokudla okungekuhle, umdobi angashintshela ku-algae.
Izinhlanzi ziqhekeka ngoMeyi-Juni. Ngobusuku bokunhlanhlatha, izinhlanzi ziyahlangana ezikoleni ezinkulu bese ziya emifuleni. Izinsikazi zivame ukukhipha amaqanda emilanjeni yemilambo, ezindaweni ezinesivinini esisheshayo nesamatshe, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ekujuleni okukhulu. Ukulawulwa kwezinhlanzi kuthatha cishe amasonto amabili, kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ebusuku.
I-caviar yezinhlanzi incane, njengembewu ye-poppy, kodwa inqwaba. Owesifazane oyedwa onesisindo esingu-600 g angakhukhula amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30.
Ukwakheka kwenhlanzi (nge-100 g)
Inani lokudla okunempilo | |
Amakhalori, kcal | 88 |
Amaprotheni, g | 17,5 |
Amafutha, g | 2,0 |
Amanzi g | 70 |
Ama-Macronutrients | |
I-Chlorine mg | 165 |
Isibabule, mg | 175 |
Landelela izinto | |
I-Zinc mg | 0,7 |
Chromium, mcg | 55 |
I-Fluorine, mcg | 430 |
I-Molybdenum, mcg | 4 |
I-Nickel, mcg | 6 |
Amavithamini | |
IVithamini PP (okulingana neacin), mg | 2,905 |
Izici eziwusizo zezinhlanzi
Umdobi kufanele abhekwe njengenhlanzi ewusizo kubantu. Inyama yayo inokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni amaningi, okungaphansi kweprotheni yenyama ekwakhekeni kwe-amino acid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyama yenhlanzi empeleni ayiqukethe amafutha agcwele inyama, ebaluleke kakhulu maqondana nokuvinjelwa nokwelashwa kwe-atherossteosis. Le nhlanzi iphinde ikhonjiswe nge-hypertension, i-edema kanye nezinye izinkinga ezihambisana nezifo zohlelo lwethambo nenhliziyo. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukuyidla ezimeni ezinjalo ngefomu edliwayo noma ebilisiwe, ngoba inhlanzi ezibhemayo, ezomile nezinosawoti zingashuba isimo seziguli kuphela.
Okuqukethwe kilojoule kuncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunconyelwa ekudleni kokudla.
Ngabe zitholakala kuphi izinhlanzi futhi zisatshalaliswa?
Kunezinhlobo ezine ezibalulekile zoMdobi, ezihlukaniswa yindawo yokuhlala, kanye nomehluko omncane ngokubukeka:
- Umdobi omncane wolwandle Olumnyama (ohlala ikakhulu emaphethelweni oLwandle Olumnyama kanye no-Azov),
- Umdobi weCaspian (indawo yokuhlala ulwandle iCaspian Sea),
- umdobi omncane (Ulwandle Olumnyama),
- eluhlaza (ejwayelekile ezisekelweni zaseNyakatho naseBaltic Seas).
Inhlanzi eluhlaza, noma umdobi, ingaba yinhlanzi enamanzi amhlophe nje, noma inhlanzi efudukayo noma inhlanzi encane efudukayo. Kutholakala emizimbeni yamanzi ese-Europe nephakathi nasempumalanga, eRussia isatshalaliswa kakhulu ezindaweni eziseNingizimu-Ntshonalanga kanye naseNingizimu, kanti futhi kuvame ukutholakala emigodini yeCaspian, iBaltic neNyakatho yolwandle. Ukudlula kwabantu kwesinye isikhathi kuvame ukuthi kube kukhulu kunamanzi ahlanzekile, kuhlala ezigangeni nasezihlathini, lapho izinga likasawoti emanzini lingaphakeme kakhulu.
Izinhlanzi zibamba kanjani futhi zenzani
Izinhlanzi ziyabanjwa (kuncike esifundeni lapho kuhlala khona), ngokuvamile ngokuqala kokushisa, lapho inhlanzi iya ezingxenyeni ezincane zedamu noma ikhuphuka eceleni komfula ukuze iqhume. Ngaphambi kokusaphaza, i-zhor iqala enhlanzini, futhi ngalesi sikhathi isebenza kangcono kakhulu.
Indawo yokudoba kufanele ibe namanzi agobhozayo, amasha. Isikhathi esihle sosuku lokudoba kusesekuseni kakhulu, futhi kusihlwa. Ukuze ube nenkululeko eyengeziwe ekukhetheni indawo yokudoba (ikakhulukazi ekwindla lapho inhlanzi iya ezindaweni ezijulile), kungakuhle ukuba nesikebhe.
Babamba ikakhulu ama-feeders aphansi (i-feeders), kanye nama-gilethi ajwayelekile (ama-wiring), kanye nama-rigs-hlobo rigs bazibonakalise uqobo. Njengoba iRybnik iyinhlanzi eqaphile, abadobi abaningi batusa ukusebenzisa ukugeleza okude (kusuka kumasentimitha angama-50 kuye kwangama-90) ukuze kuthi lapho uthatha i-nozzle inhlanzi ingezwa ukumelana kwezisindo.
Okondla, ungasebenzisa insimbi, enama-spikes amancane (ukuze angadakwa yi-yamanje), ama-feeders. Ekudleni okuhambisanayo, kumele kube nezingcezu zengxenyana ezisetshenziswa njengezithiyidi (izingcezu zegazi ezisikiwe, izibungu, izimpethu, njll.).
Njengesithiyidi, okuphakelayo kwemvelaphi yezilwane, njengama-bloodworms, izimpethu, izibungu kanye nama-mollusks, kuvame ukusetshenziswa, kepha ehlobo ukubamba okuhle kuyenzeka futhi ekufuyweni kwezitshalo (ummbila, uphizi, ibhali, inhlama, i-semolina, njll.). Lapho udoba, udinga ukubheka uhlobo lokudla olungaphansi nolusezansi lokudla, ngokulandelana, i-bait kufanele ibe phansi noma ingekho phezulu kuwo.
Amaqiniso Okudla Kwenhlanzi
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le nhlanzi iwohloka ngokushesha ngamazinga okushisa aphakeme asezingeni eliphakeme, izimfanelo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zokunambitha ziyenza ibe yindondo eyamukelekile yanoma yimuphi umdobi. Ngempela, inyama kaRybtsa ingeyomikhiqizo edliwayo, iqukethe cishe iprotheni eyodwa futhi kuphela 88 amakhilomitha . Inamafutha, ithenda, inamafutha kakhulu futhi imnandi, ingatholwa, ibhakiwe, indlebe ebilisiwe, kepha yaziswa kakhulu ngefomu elomile nelibhemayo. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwe-fluorine, i-Vitamin PP, ama-amino acid abalulekile namafutha angenasisekelo, kunganconywa ekudleni kuwo wonke umuntu, kepha kuzosiza kakhulu ezigulini ezine-osteoporosis, rickets, atherossteosis, umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nezifo zenhliziyo.
Izici eziwusizo nokwakheka kwezinhlanzi
Inyama yenhlanzi iqukethe amaprotheni amaningi, athi ngokubaluleka kwayo kokudla okungenakuqhathaniswa namaprotheni enyama, futhi nangaphezulu - amaprotheni enhlanzi awanawo amafutha afihliwe amabi, aqukethe ama-amino acid abalulekile, ngaphandle kwawo ukusebenza komzimba womuntu akunakwenzeka. Lawa ma-amino acid afaka i-lysine, i-methionine, i-taurine ne-tryptophan. I-Taurine iyi-amino acid ewusizo kakhulu, okuthi, njengomoya, idingekile kubantu abanesifo sokuqina kwamathambo, i-edema, i-hypertension ye-arterial kanye nezinye izinkinga ngohlelo lwenhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, okuluhlaza kuyasiza kakhulu kubantu abanezinkinga ezingenhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaprotheni aqukethe inhlanzi agayeka kalula futhi kalula ukugaya ukudla.
Njengazo ezinye izakhamizi zamanzi ajulile, le ndawo yokudotshwa iqukethe amavithamini, ama-macro- kanye nama-microelements, phakathi kwawo okuthi i-fluorine ingene. Njengoba wazi, umzimba uyawudinga amandla wezicubu zamathambo ne-enamel yezinyo, kanye nempilo yengqondo namaseli egazi. I-Fluoride ivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwamakholari wamazinyo, ama-rickets kanye namathambo. I-chromium eningi itholakala ezinhlanzini, ezisiza umzimba ekutholeni ama-carbohydrate, ithuthukise i-myocardial metabolism futhi ilawule ushukela, kanye ne-molybdenum, esiza ukuvikela i-anemia.
Kuma-vithamini asezinhlanzini, kunguvithamini PP kuphela, noma i-nicotinic acid. I-Vitamin PP ibamba iqhaza kwi-carbohydrate ne-protein metabolism, yenze imisebenzi yesistimu yezinzwa ibe yimbi, igqugquzele umsebenzi wobuchopho, futhi inciphise izinga le-cholesterol embi egazini.