I-Ringed seal, noma i-akiba (Phoca hispida) - uhlobo lwezimpawu zamanzi zangempela ezivame ukutholakala e-Arctic: ngokusho kokuqagela okulondoloziwe kakhulu emhlabeni, kunezimpawu eziyizigidi ezine ezinezinsimbi. Leli tywina lathola igama laso ngenxa yephethini elikuboyeni, eliqukethe inani elikhulu lamasongo akhanyayo ngemuva emnyama. I-Akiba isakazeke olwandle lwe-Arctic Ocean ukusuka eBarents naseMhlophe entshonalanga kuya olwandle iBering empumalanga, ihlala e-Okhotsk kanye naseBaltic Seas, iTatar Strait, iGhuba laseFinland neLake Ladoga, kwesinye isikhathi inyuka ngeNeva iye eSt. INerpa ihlala ezindaweni ezigudle ugu nasolwandle oluvulekile, kepha imvamisa ihlala ezindaweni ezifuywayo, ezingxineni nasezihlanjeni. Lolu hlobo alwenzi ukufuduka okujwayelekile okuvamile. Ebusika, uphawu luhlala eqhweni.
Ukubonakala kophawu oluhlabayo
Ubukhulu bophawu olunamaphiko, olutholakala ogwini lwe-Arctic, luncane - lukhula lube ngamamitha ayi-1,4 anesisindo esingama-70 kg.
I-ringed seal kukholelwa ukuthi ingenye yezimpawu ezincane kunazo zonke. Ukukhula kwesilwane kuyeka cishe iminyaka eyi-10. Abesifazane bavame ukuba mncane kunabesilisa. Umzimba wesilwane esihlala emanzini uyindilinga futhi ungqimba, okwenza ubukeke bufishane.
Ikhanda elincane licishe lingene emzimbeni, ngoba intamo incane kakhulu futhi iminyene. Isilo esinjengalesi sibukeka ngathi ibhola eliphakeme eligoqeka eweni.
Isigaxa sezimpawu ezinamathele sinesimo esithambile, futhi amasongo akhanyayo adlula kuwo wonke umzimba omnyama, ocishe ube mnyama. Lesi sici sokwenza imibala yezinwele ezimfishane nokuqina futhi sanikeza igama ezinhlotsheni. Isisu se-seal simhlophe, noma kunjalo, abantu abanezisu eziphuzi kwesinye isikhathi bayatholakala. Azikho izindandatho ezingafani ngombala we-peritoneum namaphiko.
Izinsikazi zakha isidleke ngokuqondile eqhweni ukuze zingabonakali.
I-ringed seal inamehlo amahle, ukuzwa okuhle kanye nokunuka kwephunga. Ngenxa yesendlalelo esinonile samafutha, lesi silwanyana sishintshwa ukuze sihlala njalo emanzini abandayo.
Ukuziphatha kwe-ringed seal kanye nokudla okunempilo
I-Ringed seal, noma ngamanye amagama - i-akiba, iyathanda ukuhlala lapho kukhunjulwa iqhwa lintanta ngamanani amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izindawo lapho zingekho, isilwane sidlula. Lokhu kuziphatha kuchazwa iqiniso lokuthi ngokuzalanisa nokukhulisa inzalo udinga iqhwa elihlala isikhathi eside elinezimbobo (izimbobo) kuzo nemikhiqizo lapho isilwane emanzini singaphefumlela khona.
I-Ringed seal iyisiphangi.
Izimpawu zasendlini zidla emaqenjini amabili ezilwane - izinhlanzi kanye nama-crustaceans. Ezilwandle zaseKara naseBarents, uphawu luyazingela i-polod cod, navaga, capelin kanye herring. Kuma-crustaceans, uphawu luthanda i-shrimp, olunamehlo amnyama nama-amphipods. KuLwandle olufudumele lweBaltic, ukudla kwezimpawu ezinamathambo kuyahlungwa, i-herring, imicibisholo no-cod.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Izimpawu zomhlanga zabesifazane ziletha inzalo yabo yokuqala eneminyaka yobudala engama-6-7, futhi ifinyelele ekukhuleni ineminyaka engama-5-6. Izimpawu ezincane zokuzalwa zizalwa maphakathi no-Mashi kuya maphakathi no-Ephreli.
Ingane enomsindo ifaka ijazi elimhlophe okokuqala ngqa.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa cishe izinyanga eziyi-11, kufaka phakathi isikhathi sokugcina (izinyanga ezingama-2-3). I-femed ringed seal inelitha elilodwa kulitha, enesisindo esingama-4 kg, futhi ingaphezu kwengxenye yemitha ubude. Ingane izalwa ijazi elimhlophe qhwa, elihlala kulo amasonto ama-2. Lapho-ke umbala woboya uyaguquka ube mnyama, bese kuthi emva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5, uphawu lwengane lubukeke njengomuntu omdala.
Isigaxa sowesifazane ophahleni oluqinile, olukumile lwakha umhume weqhwa, ongabonakali ngokuphelele ngaphandle. I-squirrel encane izalwa futhi ihlala lapho. Owesifazane wondla iwundlu ngobisi lwenyanga eyodwa.
Ngobusika, isisindo se-young seal sifinyelela ku-12 kg, futhi ubude buyi-60 cm.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Incazelo
Ama-Akib ayizimpawu ezincane kusukela esiliva grey kuya ku-brown. Izisu zabo zivame ukuba mpunga, futhi emuva kwabo kumnyama kubomvu futhi kunephethini ebonakalayo yezindandatho ezincane, ngenxa yokuthi, empeleni, babe negama labo.
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Umzimba uqinile, umfishane, umbozwe izinwele ezinde. Ikhanda lincane, intamo ayide.
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Zinezinzipho ezinkulu ezinobukhulu obungaphezu kuka-2,5 cm, ngenxa yokuthi zisike izimbobo eqhweni. Njengoba wazi, izimbobo ezinjalo zingafinyelela ekujuleni kwamamitha amabili.
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Izilwane ezindala zifinyelela ubude obungu-1.1 kuye ku-1,6 m nobunzima obungamakhilogremu angama-50-100. Njengazo zonke izimpawu zasenyakatho, isisindo somzimba wazo sehluka ngokuhlukahluka ngokuya ngenkathi yonyaka. Izimpawu ezinamathambo yizona ezinothe kakhulu ekwindla futhi zimpofu kakhulu ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - ukuqala kwehlobo, ngemuva kwenkathi yokuzalanisa nokuncibilikisa konyaka. Abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane, futhi entwasahlobo, abesilisa babukeka bumnyama kakhulu kunabesifazane ngenxa yokugcotshwa kwamafutha kwezindlala ezisesibekweni. Ngezinye izikhathi zonyaka, kunzima ukuhlukanisa. Ekuzalweni, amathole angaba ngu-60 cm ubude futhi anesisindo esingama-4.5 kg. Zimbozwe ngoboya obukhanyayo obukhanyayo, obukhanyayo esiswini futhi kube mnyama emhlane. Amaphethini weFur anaminyaka yobudala.
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Ngenxa yombono owakhiwe kahle, ukuhogela nokuzwa, izimpawu zasendle zingabazingeli abahle kakhulu.
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Umsoco
Ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuzalela nokuncibilikisa, ukusatshalaliswa kwezimpawu ezinamaphiko kuguqulwa ngokutholakala kokudla. Kwenziwe ucwaningo oluningi lokudla kwabo, futhi, ngaphandle kokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwesifunda, bagcizelela amaphethini ajwayelekile.
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Ukudla okuyinhloko kwalezi zilwane izinhlanzi, isimilo sesifunda esithile. Njengomthetho, azikho izisulu ezingaphezu kuka-10-15 ezinezinhlobo ezivelele ezi-2-4 ezitholakala emkhakheni wokubukwa kwezimpawu zamanzi. Bacosha ukudla okuncane ngosayizi - kufika ku-15 cm ubude, kuze kufike ku-6 cm ububanzi.
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Zondla izinhlanzi kaningi kakhulu kunama-invertebrates, kepha ukukhetha ngokuvamile kuya ngesizini kanye nenani lamandla esihlambi.
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Imvamisa, isidlo se-ringed seal sifaka i-cod enempilo, i-perch, i-herring ne-capelin, enothile emanzini olwandle asenyakatho.
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Ukusetshenziswa kwezilwane ezingenamsoco, ngokusobala, kuyafaneleka ehlobo, futhi kutholakala ekudleni kwemfuyo emincane.
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Izitha
Ngaphandle kwendoda ebhubhisa uphawu olunezintambo zoboya, amanoni nenyama, lesi silo sinezitha ezanele phakathi kwabazingeli be-Arctic. Lapha endaweni yokuqala kukhona ibhele elinamakhaza. UClubfoot uthanda ukulinda inyamazane yakhe eduze komhlonyane. Lapho nje ikhala lesilwane livela emanzini ukuze liphinde lihlinzeke umoya, umphimbo webhere umshaya ngamandla ekhanda. Umhlaseli udonsa uphawu oluyisimanga eqhweni, aliqede futhi adle. Izimpungushe ze-Arctic nazo ziyingozi enkulu. Banomuzwa omuhle kakhulu wephunga, ijubane kanye noxhaxha. Bangabazingeli abahle kakhulu, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukugwema amazinyo abo abukhali.
Ama-Orcas nawo enza umnikelo wawo wamagazi kokuzenzela okungathandeki. Lezi zidlakela ezinamandla zibhukuda ngaphansi koshintsho lweqhwa oludonsa lapho izimbambo zigcwele khona, bese ziyishaya ngemizimba yazo emikhulu nesindayo. I-ice floe tilts noma ijika. Izilwane ezingezinhle zizithola zisemanzini bese ziwa ngokushesha emilonyeni evulekile ye-toothy. Ama-Walrus ayingozi futhi ngezimpawu zamanzi. Phakathi kwabo kukhona abantu abanolaka abazidlela ngentshiseko lezi zilwane ezondlekile.
Ukubukeka nokudla
INerpa - esinye sezimpawu ezincane kunazo zonke: ubude bomzimba wabantu abadala bufika ku-1.5 m, isisindo esingu-40-80 kg, amaBaltic specimens amakhudlwana - i-140 cm no-100 kg. Abesilisa, njengomthetho, bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane. Umzimba we-seal umfushane futhi uqweqwe, ikhanda lawo lincane, ubuso bawo bucaba kancane, nentamo ifushane kakhulu futhi ibe mnene kangangokuba kubukeka sengathi ihambile ngokuphelele. I-Akiba inamehlo amahle, ukuzwa nokuzwa iphunga, esiza isilwane ekutholeni ukudla nokufihla ngesikhathi kubazingeli. Izimpawu zasendlini zidla ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks nezinhlanzi (i-spiny goby, i-greenland goby, i-pike, i-navaga, i-salmon, i-salmon).
Indlela yokuphila
Izimpawu Ezihlanganisiwe ungalokothi wakhe amakoloni. Esikhathini esiningi, bahlala bodwa, yize kwesinye isikhathi behlangana ngamaqembu amancane, kepha, angazinzisi kakhulu. Bachitha unyaka wonke olwandle, lapho imizimba yabo ivumelana nezimo kahle.
Ehlobo uphawu olunamathambo agcinwa kakhulu emanzini asogwini futhi kwesinye isikhathi akha amadiphozithi amancane ematsheni noma ezikhefini. Ekwindla, njengoba ulwandle luqina, iningi lezilwane zishiya ugu olusolwandle lujule olwandle bese luhlala eweni. Ingxenye encane yezilwane ihlala ebusika eceleni kogu futhi igcinwa emigqonyeni nasemakhonkheni. Kulokhu, ngisho nasekuqalekeni kokuqalwa kolwandle, uphawu lubeka izimbobo eqhweni elincane - izimbobo, ngalo elishiya ngalo amanzi. Kukhona izimbobo zobukhulu obuncane, ezisetshenziselwa ukuphefumula ngazo kuphela. Imvamisa, umgodi womgodi ugudluzwa ungqimba lweqhwa elinamandla, lapho uphawu lubeka umgodi ngaphandle kokuphuma ngaphandle. Endaweni evumelana naleso sikhathi, uyaphumula, njengoba engabonakali ezitheni, ikakhulukazi amabhere angamakhaza. Izinsimbi ezinkulu kakhulu ze-seal zibonwa entwasahlobo ekukhukhuliseni iqhwa ngesikhathi semidlwane, ukuncibilika nokukhwelana. Lokhu kuphawuleka ikakhulukazi olwandle lwaseMpumalanga Ekude, lapho ngosuku olulodwa lokubhukuda eqhweni ungabona amakhulukhulu amaningi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinkulungwane zezilwane. Kaningi, izimpawu zamanzi zihlala ngamaqembu ezilwane eziyi-10 - 20, kepha kukhona iziqu ezingamakhulu noma ngaphezulu zezilwane.
Inombolo
Idatha yokutholakala kwezimpawu ezinamathele yaqoqwa yahlaziywa futhi yahlaziywa njengengxenye yohlu Lokubomvu lwe-IUCN lwango-2016 kwizikhungo zemigwaqo ezinhlanu ezaziwayo. Izilinganiso zesibalo sabantu abavuthiwe nemikhuba yenani labantu ngakunye kwalokhu okulandelayo
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- I-Arctic ringed seal - 1 450 000, lesi simo asaziwa,
- I-Okhotsk ringed seal - 44 000, akwaziwa
- I-Baltic ringed seal - 11 500, ukwanda kwesibalo sabantu,
- ILadoga - 3000-4500, umkhuba ongaphezulu,
- ISaimaa - 135 - 190, ukukhuphuka kwezingxoxo.
Ngenxa yesikali esikhulu sendawo, kunzima kakhulu ukulandelela inani eliqondile le-subspecies ye-Arctic ne-Okhotsk. Ukhuluma ngezinto eziningi, njengezindawo ezinkulu ezihlala izinhlobo zezilwane, inani elingalingani ezindaweni ezihloliwe, ubudlelwano obungaziwa phakathi kwabantu ababukwayo nalabo abangabonwanga, abavumeli abacwaningi ukuthola inani eliqondile.
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Kodwa-ke, lezi zibalo ezingenhla zibonisa ukuthi inani labantu abavuthiwe lingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.5, futhi inani labantu lingaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu.
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Ezokuphepha
Phezu kwamabhere asemaceleni, okuyingozi enkulu kakhulu yezimpawu ezinamaphiko, lezi zilwane zivame ukuba yizisulu zama-walrus, izimpisi, izimpisi, izimpungushe, ngisho namagwababa amakhulu adonsa amathole.
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Kodwa-ke, kwakungeyona ukulawulwa ngokwemvelo kosayizi wabantu okuholele ekufakweni kwezimpawu ezinamathele ku-Red Book, kepha isici somuntu. Iqiniso ngukuthi, ngaphandle kwazo zonke izindlela zokuzivikela, abantu abaningi basenyakatho kuze kube namuhla bayaqhubeka nokuzingela izisetshenziswa, njengomthombo wenyama nezikhumba ezibalulekile.
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Ngokuvamile, ngaphandle kwezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene, akubanga khona indawo eyodwa ebanjiwe emayini, lapho izimpawu zomuntu ezinezintambo zingakhuphula inani labantu bayo ngokukhululeka.
