Acinonyx jubatus
I-oda: Carnivora
Umndeni: UFelidae
Izingulule zihlukaniswe zaba ngama-subspecies amabili: ingulule yase-Afrika (A. j. Jubatus) ne-Asia cheetah (A.j. venaticus). Ingulule yasebukhosini yake yaqokwa ngokungafanele njengenhlobo ehlukile ye-Acinonyx rex, yize empeleni iyindlela yokuguqula isimo etholakala kuphela eNingizimu Afrika.
I-Cheetahs zivame e-Afrika nase Middle East. Indawo yokuhlala - ama-savannah namahlathi omile.
Ubude bomzimba u-112-135 cm, ubude bomsila i-66-84 cm, isisindo esingu-39-65 kg. Abesilisa bakhulu kuno-15% kunabesifazane.
Umbala unesihlabathi esinsundu esinamabala amancane amnyama ayindilinga. “Imigqa eqondile” yesimilo, eqhamuka ekhoneni elingaphakathi lamehlo, icace bha esicondweni, amakhethini anomthunzi omnyama kuze kube izinyanga ezintathu, futhi, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isikhathi eside entanyeni nasenhla nangasemuva futhi kwakheka uhlobo “lwekhola” ompunga. Izingulule zihluke komunye nomunye ngephethini lamabala, ahlukile kumuntu ngamunye.
E-Afrika, lokhu kudla kususelwa ezinkulungwaneni eziphakathi nendawo, ama-thompson agazelles, izimbuzi zamanzi kanye ne-impala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingulule zidla amahhala nezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa, eziyesabayo njengoba zidlula otshanini obude.
Izinsikazi ziyakwazi ukuzala zisuka eminyakeni engu-24 ubudala futhi ziveze i-polyesterity, zingena kuma-estrus kanye ezinsukwini eziyi-12. Abesilisa bafika eminyakeni yobudala yokuthomba.
Isikhathi sokuphila - kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-12 (ekudingisweni kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-17).
Isimo sokuLondolozwa
Ngokungafani nezinye izinkomba ezinkulu, izingulule zezimpisi azinangqondo, ziqonde futhi zicishe zingaphindeki. Lesi sici sinikeza izilwane ukusekelwa okuqinile, ama-paws awo awanyatheki lapho kufanele enze amathuba abukhali ngenkathi ejaha isisulu esisheshayo njenge-gazelle engangena engcupheni. Ebamba isisulu, ingulule imklinya, imgoqa umphimbo. Kudala, amantshontsho ayevuswa futhi asetshenziswe njengezilwane ezizingelayo. Isiko elinjalo, ngokwesibonelo, laliphakathi kwababusi bendlu kaMughal.
Izingulule ze-Cheetah zisongelwa ngokuqothulwa kuzo zonke izingxenye zobubanzi, okubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwendawo ngenxa yomsebenzi wezomnotho kanye nokubhujiswa kwama-cheetahs antelopes, kanye nokuqothulwa okuqondile kwama-cheetahs ngabantu. E-Afrika, kungenzeka ukuthi kusuka ezinkulungwaneni eziyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu kuya kweziyi-15 kuhlala e-Asia, akukho bantu abangaphezu kwama-200 asele - izingulule ezigcinwe lapha zifakwa esigabeni “sezinhlobo ezisongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngokuphelele.
Amashisi ashesha. Zenzelwe nje ukugijima ngokushesha: umzimba omncane, imilenze emincane, isifuba esincane esincane nenhloko encane ebukhazikhazi - lezi yizici ezivumela izingulule ukuba zikhule isivinini 95 km / h. Asikho esinye isilwane sasemhlabeni esikwazi ukwenza into enjalo!
Izingulule kulula ukuhlukanisa kuzo noma yimuphi omunye amakati, hhayi kuphela ngephethini elithile esikhumbeni, emzimbeni womzimba, ikhanda elincane, amehlo aphezulu nezindlebe ezincane, nezicaba. Izinyamazane eziyinhloko zokudla ingulule amagezi (ikakhulukazi i-Thompson gazelle), i-impala, amathole antelope namanye ama-unulates anesisindo esingama-40 kg. Ingulule eyodwa ekhulile ibulala inyamazane kanye ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, kepha insikazi enamakati idinga ukudla cishe nsuku zonke. Ekuphishekeleni isisulu, izingulule zidonsa ngokucophelela kulo, bese ziphonsa ngokushesha, ziqala lapho zisondela inyamazane ibanga elingamamitha angama-30. Cishe ingxenye yokuhlaselwa iphelela ekubambeni inyamazane. Ngokwesilinganiso, ngesikhathi sokujaha okuhlala isikhathi esingama-20-30 s, ingulule ihamba ibanga elingamamitha ayi-170, laba abazingeli bangagijima ngejubane eliphakeme lingadluli kuma-500 m, ngakho-ke ukuzingela kubhekelwa ekuhlulekeni uma ekuqaleni kwengulule ibanga elikude nalowo ohloselwe lona.
Ama-canet amancane ama-cheetah aphezulu abonakala ngokucacile kulesi silwane esikhulayo; ama-canine angenhla anezimpande ezincane ezisemngceleni wezindonga zezindonga zamakhala. Lesi sici sivumela isilwane ukuthi siphefumule inani elithile lomoya ngesikhathi sokuluma okulimazayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, sinciphisa umphimbo wesisulu saso isikhathi eside, sisivimbe ukuba singaphunyuki.
Ukubaluleka Kokunakekelwa Kwabamama. Ukuziphatha komphakathi
Ngaphambi kokuba ibelethe, insikazi ithola lair ngaphansi kwesihlahla samadwala noma otshanini obukhulu obukhulu, endaweni eshisayo, lapho ibeletha khona ama-1 kuya kwayi-6 enesisindo esingu-250-300 g. Umama ubakhulela emgodini, ubashiye bodwa isikhashana, kuphela isikhathi sokuzingela, abesilisa nakekela inzalo. Njengoba esefinyelele eminyakeni engu-2 izinyanga, amawundlu athola njalo ukudla okuqinile futhi aqale ukuhamba nonina ngesikhathi sokuzingela. AmaKittens ayeka ukondla ubisi lwebele lapho esenezinyanga eziyi-3-4, kepha aqhubeke ehlala nonina aze afike eminyakeni eyi-14-18 ubudala.
Amawundlu e-cheetah aqala imidlalo enomsindo ngomunye futhi enza amakhono okuzingela esiwombeni esihle asilethelwa ngunina. Kodwa-ke, namanje abazi ukuthi kufanele bazingele kanjani. Njengoba sezicishe zifinyelele eminyakeni yokuthomba, izingulule ezisencane zamalitha afanayo zihlala zihlanganile okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha, zizizwa ziphephe kanye kanye nabafowethu nodadewethu. Ngemuva kwalokhu, odade bashiya amaqembu abe munye ngesikhathi, kanti abafowabo bahlala isikhashana ukuze baphile njengeqembu elilodwa. Izingulule zabesifazane abadala zihola indlela yokuphila eyedwa, zephula lo mthetho esikhathini sokondla amawundlu nokuzingela okuhlanganyelwe nezingane ezindala. Abesilisa bahlala ngokucula noma eqenjini labantu ababili noma abathathu.
Izingulule ezisencane zine- “khola” obukhulu obumpunga obumuncu, zimboze izifuba zazo, amahlombe kanye namahlombe. I-mane enjalo ibizwa ngama-kittens angaphansi kwezinyanga ezi-3, kepha njengoba amawundlu ekhula, kuba lula ukubonakala. Imisebenzi yaleli furhi elide ayaziwa kahle, kodwa ukufana kwayo nezinwele zama-hyenas mhlawumbe kusongela izinyamazane kude namazinyane e-cheetah.
Ingozi evela ezingonyameni. Ukulondolozwa ngokwemvelo
Ama-Cheetahs ahlukaniswa ngezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokuhlukahluka kofuzo; leli qiniso libonisa ukuthi konke kwavela kubantu abancane kakhulu ababekhona eminyakeni engama-6000-20000 edlule. I-monomorphism yofuzo enjalo ingadala imiphumela emibili emibi. Eyokuqala yalokhu ukwehla kwezinga lokusinda kwezilwane ezisencane ngenxa yokuphakama okukhulu kokuqolwa kwe-alleessiveles, phakathi kwayo kukhona abaningi ababulalayo. Okwesibili kwemiphumela emibi kungukuwenza buthaka kokungazeleleki kwezilwane futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuthambekela okuthe xaxa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo.
Ukuqaliswa kwephrojekthi yokwenziwa kabusha kwezinhlobo zezilwane ngenhloso yokubuyiselwa kwayo okwenziwa eNyakatho Melika, kwehluleka ukwehluleka okuningi.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izingulule zizalela ngokushesha: izinsikazi zizala ngezikhathi ezithile zezinyanga eziyi-18, kepha uma amawundlu efa, udoti olandelayo angazalwa kuqala.
Ukufa kwe-Cheetah kuphakeme ngokuhlukile uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-carnivores amakhulu. ETanzania, ethafeni leSerengeti, amabhubesi abulala njalo izingulule zezingulule ezindlini zabo zokulala kangangokuba ama-95% ezinsimbi awasindi esiteji sokuzibusa kukanina. Kuzo zonke izindawo ezivikelwe e-Afrika, ubuncane besibalo sezingulule sisezingeni eliphansi kulezo zindawo lapho kunabantu abaningi bezibankwakazi. Lokhu okuqashelwayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuncintisana okunjalo okuyisenzeko kuvame ukwenzeka.
Incazelo nokubukeka
Zonke izingulule zinkulu izilwane ezanele futhi ezinamandla ezinobude bomzimba kufinyelela ku-138-142 cm kanye nomsila ubude obufika kuma-75 cm . naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi, uma uqhathanisa namanye amakati, umzimba we-cheetah ubonakala ufinyezwa kakhudlwana, isisindo somuntu okhulile futhi osethuthukile ngokuvamile sifinyelela ku-63-65 kg. Izitho ezondile ngokulinganayo, hhayi ezinde kuphela, kepha futhi ziqine kakhulu, nezinzipho ezingabuyiseki kancane.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-kitetens kitetens angadonsa ngokuphelele izindlawu zawo emahlathini awo, kepha eneminyaka eyi-4 kuphela ubudala. Abantu abadala balesi simangalo baphelelwa yikhono elingajwayelekile, ngakho-ke izindwani zabo azishukunyiswa.
Unomzimba omncane, ikhanda elincane elinamadlebe amancane nomsila omude. Ijazi linombala ophuzi okhanyayo namabala amnyama amnyama, ekhanda zibonakala kahle imivimbo emibili emnyama, ivela emehlweni emehlweni kuye phansi, okunikeza isizungu inkulumo edabukisayo.
Izingulule ezisikiwe
Ngokuhambisana nemiphumela yezifundo, kuze kube manje, izikhungo ezinhlanu ezihlukanisa kahle izingulule ziyaziwa. Uhlobo olulodwa luhlala emazweni ase-Asia, kanti izinhlobo ezine ezisele ze-cheetah zitholakala e-Afrika kuphela.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ingulule yase-Eshiya. Cishe abantu abangamashumi ayisithupha balesi sikhala bahlala ezindaweni ezingenabantu abaningi base-Iran. Ngokweminye imibiko, abantu abaningana bangasinda nase-Afghanistan nasePakistan. Izingulule ezimbili zase-Eshiya zigcinwa ekudingisweni kuma-zoos emazweni ahlukene.
Kubalulekile! Umehluko phakathi kwezingosi zase-Eshiya nezingulule zase-Afrika yimilenze emifushane, intamo enamandla nenesikhumba esikhulu.
Ayidume kangako ingulule yasebukhosini noma i-Rex mutation engajwayelekile, umehluko omkhulu okukhona kwayo yimivimbo emnyama ngemuva nangebala futhi lihlanganisa izindawo ezinhlangothini. I-King cheetahs yahlobana nezinhlobo ezijwayelekile, futhi umbala wesilwane esingajwayelekile ubangelwa uhlobo lwensalela ekhulayo, ngakho-ke inyamazane enjalo ayivelakancane.
Izingulule ziyatholakala futhi, zinobunzima obungajwayelekile boboya. Ama-cheetah abomvu ayaziwa, kanye nabantu abanombala wegolide kanye namabala abomvu amnyama. Izilwane ezinombala ophuzi okhanyayo nothile onamabala abomvu aphuzi abukeka engajwayelekile.
Izinhlobo ezingapheli
Le nhlobo enkulu yayihlala endaweni yaseYurophu, ngenxa yalokho yabizwa ngokuthi ingulule yaseYurophu. Ingxenye ebalulekile yamathambo alezi zinhlobo zezinyamazane atholakele eFrance, futhi aneminyaka eyizigidi ezimbili ubudala. Izithombe zeshizi yaseYurophu nazo zikhona emidwebweni womhume emhumeni weShuwe.
Izingulule zaseYurophu zazizikhulu futhi zinamandla kunezinhlobo zase-Afrika zanamuhla. Babekhulume ngezingalo eziphakeme, kanye namachashaza amakhulu. Njengoba isisindo somzimba singama-80-90 kg, ubude besilwane bufika kumitha eyodwa nesigamu. Kucatshangwa ukuthi isisindo somzimba esibalulekile sasihambisana nesisindo esikhulu semisipha, ngakho-ke ijubane lokugijima lali-oda lobukhulu obuphezulu kunalezi zinhlobo zesimanje.
Habitat
Ekuqaleni, izingulule zazihlala yonke indawo ezindaweni eziwugwadule nasezindaweni eziwugwadule zase-Asia nase-Afrika, kodwa manje izingulule zichithwa ngokuphelele e-Asia. Manje ungabona lezi zilwane ngamanani anele ezwenikazi lase-Afrika kuphela. Izingulule zihlala kuphela izikhala ezivulekile, zigwema noma yimaphi amanani. Lezi zilwane ziphila impilo yodwa, kepha abesilisa bavame ukuhlangana ngamaqembu abantu abathathu. Ngokuvamile, uhlobo lwalezi zilwane alusona olwembala - lubekezelela kalula ubukhona bodwa, futhi izingulule ezinamathiselwe zibonisa ukuzinikela kunja. Ngokungafani namakati amaningi, izingulule ziyazingela kuphela ngezikhathi zasemini. Lokhu kungenxa yobuntu bokukhiqizwa kokudla.
Ukuzala
Ukuze insikazi ivuvukele, owesilisa kufanele axoshe insikazi isikhashana. Abesilisa bahlangana ngamaqembu amancane, ngokuvamile anabafowethu. Lawa maqembu alwa nezinye izingulule ngensimu yokuzingela nezinsikazi ezikuyo. Izingulule zabesilisa zivame ukubamba insimu izinyanga eziyisithupha ndawonye, kuthi ezintathu zeminyaka emibili. Kuma-cheetah abesifazane, ukuziphatha kwezwe akuzange kubonwe.
Ukukhulelwa kuma-cheetah kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-85-95 - kusuka kuzingane ezimbili kuya kweziyisithupha. Amathole e-cheetah, njenganoma imaphi amakati, mancane futhi awakwazi ukuzivikela - lokhu kuyinto elula kunoma yisiphi isilwane esidliwayo, kubandakanya nezinkozi. Kepha sibonga isisu esimnyama ne- "cape" emhlophe noma emnyama, izidla zingathatha itshe lengulule ngengubo yezinyosi - umhlaseli onolaka ohlasela ngesibindi noma yimuphi omunye umhlaseli. Imbobo esihlakaleni sentamo nebhulashi emsileni wamawundlu, isiza owesimame ukuthola amakati kitsi ezihlahleni, anyamalale izinyanga ezintathu. Owesifazane udla amawundlu aze afike ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili ubudala. AmaKittens ahlala nonina izinyanga eziyi-13 kuye kwezingu-20. Endle, izingulule zihlala ngokwesilinganiso zifinyelela kuma-20 (kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25), kwizilwane zasekhaya - isikhathi eside, okusobala ukuthi kuhlotshaniswa nokondliwa osezingeni eliphakeme, ukutholakala kwezokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.obunzima bokuzala amabhungane ekudingisweni kuhlotshaniswa nenhlangano yawo yezenhlalo kanye nezimo zokuphila.
Abesifazane baphila impilo yokuba bebodwa (ngaphandle kwesikhathi abasichitha namawundlu), kanti abesilisa bahlala bodwa noma bemibumbano. Ukwakha iningi labantu abathunjiwe, kunconyelwe ukuthi izingulule zigcinwe ngokuhambisana nenhlangano yazo yezenhlalo yemvelo, noma kunjalo, ukuzalanisa izingulule kuthunjiwe namanje akujwayelekile, abacwaningi abaningi abathi yizimo ezingagculisi zalezi zilwane, kubandakanya nokuziphatha kwabo (Sago 1994, Munson et al., 2005). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukumodela (ukukhiqiza kabusha) ekudingisweni kwezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zemvelo yendawo yezinhlobo ngokusekwe ekufundweni kwezinto eziphilayo zayo ngemvelo futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwakheka kwendlela yokusebenza enikezela ngesimo sokulalelisisa sabasebenzi Izidingo zezingulule (Mellen, 1991), njengoba kukhonjisiwe kwezinye izinhlobo zamakati amancanyana.
Ukudla kwengulule
Izingulule zingabadli bemvelo. Ekuphishekeleni inyamazane yayo, lesi silwane siyakwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini amakhilomitha angaphezu kwekhulu ngehora . Ngosizo lomsila, ibhalansi ye-cheetahs, kanye nozipho zinikeza isilwane ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuphinda ngokunembile konke ukunyakaza kwesisulu. Ngemuva kokuthola inyamazane, umhlaseli wenza ukusika okuqinile futhi anamathele entanyeni .
Ukudla kwengulule kwesinye isikhathi akuyona imfuyo enkulu kakhulu, kufaka phakathi i-antelope encane kanye nama-gazelles. Ama-hares, kanye namawundlu ama-warthogs futhi cishe noma yiziphi izinyoni, nawo angaba inyamazane. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zomndeni wekati, ingulule ithanda ukuzingela kwasemini.
Indlela yokuphila yengulule
Izingulule akuyona izilwane ezifuywayo, futhi umbhangqwana oshadile owenziwe owesilisa osekhulile kanye nohlobo oluvuthiwe lowesifazane ngesikhathi sokuzala, kepha bese ehlukana ngokushesha okukhulu.
Owesifazane uhola isithombe eyedwa noma wenza ukukhulisa inzalo. Abesilisa nabo bahlala kakhulu bodwa, kepha bangahlangana ngobumbano obahlukile. Ubuhlobo be-Intra-group buvame ukulingana. Izilwane ziyavevezela futhi zikhotha ubuso bodwa. Lapho uhlangana nabantu abadala bobulili obuhlukile bamaqembu ahlukene, izingulule ziziphatha ngokuthula.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-cheetah ingeyo isigaba sezilwane zasendaweni futhi ishiya amathegi ahlukahlukene akhethekile ngendlela yokugcotshwa noma umchamo.
Ubungako bendawo yokuzingela evikelwe insikazi ingahluka ngokuya ngobungako bokudla kanye nobudala benzalo. Abesilisa baqapha insimu eyodwa hhayi ende kakhulu. UShelter ukhethwa yizilwane endaweni evulekile, ebonakalayo kahle. Njengomthetho, indawo evulekile kunazo zonke ikhethelwa i-lair, kepha ungahlangana nendawo yokukhosela yengulule ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezinameva ze-acacia noma ezinye izimila. Isikhathi sokuphila siyahlukahluka kusuka eminyakeni eyishumi kuya kwengamashumi amabili.
Kungani ingulule isheshe kakhulu?
Le nto ichazwa yizizathu ezi-3 eziphambili.
- Izingulule ziyakwazi ukuthola inani elifanelekile lobude nobubanzi bemigqa lapho ligijima. Ukubamba inyamazane, umphangi wenyusa imvamisa yesinyathelo izikhathi eziyi-1.5. Lapho ibhula, ingulule iqala ukuhlela kabusha ama-paws ayo hhayi ngokushesha okukhulu, okuyivumela ukuthi ivumelane kahle ngokushintshana futhi ingagxili emhlabathini.
- Izingulule ziyakwazi ukusabalalisa ezazo isisindo ngenkathi zisebenza. Ukusabalalisa inyamazane idlulisa ama-70% omthwalo emilenzeni yayo yangemuva. Lesi sici sisiza i-cheetah ukuthi iqale ngaphandle kokulibala, futhi igweme ukuslayida i-paws yangaphambili phansi noma esihlabathini.
- Amantshontsho akhulisa ubude besikhathi se-pant esemhlabathini ngenkathi isebenza. Ukuxhumana isikhathi eside nomhlabathi kuvumela isilwane ukuba sinciphise umthwalo emilenzeni, okuholela ekunciphiseni komzamo osetshenzisiwe kanye nokwanda kwejubane lokugijima.
Kulabo baphephe abakhulela e-zoo noma bathuthelwa ekudingisweni besebancane, ijubane lokugijima alidluli ijubane lenja yokuzingela i-greyhound. Lokhu kuchazwa ukungabikhona kokugqugquzelwa phakathi kwezilwane ezizingelayo, ngoba ku-zoo, awadingi ukuzingela nokufuna ukudla ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu.
Izitha zemvelo zengulule
Izingulule zinezitha eziningi endle . Usongo olukhulu lwalesi silwane esinamazinyo ngamabhubesi, kanye nezingwe kanye nezinhlosi ezinkulu ezimthende, ezingagcini ngokuthatha inyamazane ingulule, kodwa futhi ngokuvamile kakhulu zibulala izingulule ezisencane nezindala.
Kepha isitha esikhulu sezingulule isengumuntu. Uboya bezinsizi obuhle kakhulu futhi obubizayo busetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izingubo, kanye nokwakha izinto zangaphakathi zemfashini. Isibalo somhlaba wonke sazo zonke izinhlobo zeshizi ngekhulu elilodwa sehle sisuka ezinkulungwaneni eziyikhulu saya kubantu abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Ingulule isilwane sasendle okufana kuphela namakati. Isilo sinemizimba emincane, enemisipha efana neyenja, namehlo asezingeni eliphakeme.
Ikati elisizingelayo likhipha ikhanda elincane elinamadlebe ayindilinga. Yile nhlanganisela evumela isilo ukushesha ngokushesha. Njengoba wazi emhlabeni cha isilwane ngokushesha kunengulule .
Isilwane esikhulile sifinyelela amasentimitha angama-140 ubude nama-90 ukuphakama. Amakati asendle anesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-50. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi izinyamazane zinombono we-spatial and binocular, lokhu kuyabasiza ekuzingeleni.
Ingulule ingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-120 km / h
Njengoba kungabonakala isithombe se-cheetah , inyamazane inombala ophuzi wesihlabathi. Isisu kuphela, njengamakati amaningi asekhaya, simhlophe. Ngasikhathi sinye, umzimba umbozwe amabala amnyama amnyama, nemivimbo emnyama emnyama “kubuso”.
Imvelo yabo "yabangela" ngesizathu. Imivimbo injengezibonisi zabantu: inciphisa kancane imiphumela yelanga elikhanyayo, bese ivumela umanduleli ukuthi abheke amabanga amade.
Abesilisa baqhosha i-mane encane. Kodwa-ke, lapho kuzalwa zonke izinsikazi “zigqoka” i-mane yesiliva ngemuva, kodwa ezinyangeni ezingaba ngu-2,5, ziyanyamalala. Imvamisa, izingulule zezimpisi aziphindi zibuye.
Isici esinjalo singazigabisa kuphela amakati ama-Iriomotean namaSumatran. Isidlwengu sisebenzisa isici saso lapho sisebenza, ukubamba, njengokuphaka.
Amathole e-cheetah azalwa enomkhono omncane emakhanda awo
Namuhla kunezindlela ezinhlanu zomxhaso:
- Izinhlobo ezi-4 zezingulule zase-Afrika,
- Okushiwo ngabase-Asia.
Abase-Asia bahlukaniswa isikhumba esinama-denser, intamo enamandla namandla amancane afushane. EKenya, ungathola ingulule emnyama. Phambilini, bazamile ukuyiqamba njengenhlobo esehlukile, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bathola ukuthi lokhu kungukuguqulwa kofuzo okuyi-intraspecific.
Futhi, phakathi kwezilwane ezidla ezinye ezinamabala zingatholakala i-albino, ne-cheetah yasebukhosini. Le nkosi ebizwa ngokuthi yinkosi ihlukaniswa ngemivimbo emnyama emnyama eceleni nangemvubu emnyama emfishane.
Phambilini, abahlaseli babonwa emazweni ahlukahlukene ase-Asia, manje bacishe baqothulwa lapho. Uhlobo luye lwanyamalala ngokuphelele emazweni anjengeGibhithe, Afghanistan, Morocco, Western Sahara, iGuinea, i-UAE nabanye abaningi. Emazweni ase-Afrika kuphela namuhla ungahlangana nezilwane ezidla ezinye ezinamabala anele.
Kulesi sithombe ingulule yasebukhosini, ihluka ngemigqa emibili emnyama ngemuva
Uhlamvu lwe-Cheetah nendlela yokuphila
Ingulule isilwane esisheshayo . Lokhu bekungeke kuthinte indlela yakhe yokuphila. Ngokungafani nabazingeli abaningi, bazingela ngesikhathi sasemini. Izilwane zihlala zodwa endaweni evulekile. Isisulu samathikithi ukugwema.
Ngokunokwenzeka lokhu kungenxa yokuthi Ijubane lesilwane liyi-100-120 km / h. Ingulule lapho isebenza, kuthatha ukuphefumula okungaba ngu-150 ngemizuzwana engama-60. Kuze kube manje, uhlobo lwerekhodi selibekiwe lesilo. Owesifazane ogama lakhe linguSarah wagijima umjaho wamamitha ayikhulu ngemizuzwana engu-5.95.
Ngokungafani namakati amaningi, izingulule zizama ukungagibela izihlahla. Izinzipho ezitshukile zivimba ukuthi zingabambeki esiqwini. Izilwane zingaphila ngokubodwa nangamaqembu amancane. Azama ukungqubuzana.
Baxhumana nge-purr, futhi kuzwakala kukhumbuza ama-tweets. Indawo yophawu lwabesifazane, kepha imingcele yayo incike ebukhoneni benzalo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izilwane azifani ngokuhlanzeka, ngakho-ke insimu ishintsha ngokushesha.
Imivimbo emnyama eduze kwamehlo isebenza njengengulule “izibuko”
Ama-cheetah angama-tiles afana nezinja ezisebusweni. Bathembekile, bathembekile futhi baqeqeshiwe. Hhayi ukuthi babegcinwe enkantolo amakhulu eminyaka, futhi basetshenziswa njengabazingeli. In Izilwane zomhlaba wezilwane bahambelana kalula nokuhlaselwa kwezindawo zabo, ukubukeka okudumazayo kuphela okuvela kumnikazi, ngaphandle kokulwa noma ukweqiwa phansi.
Incazelo ejwayelekile yokubukeka nezimpawu zesilwane
Umzimba womuntu unesakhiwo esibude , unomusa kakhulu futhi mncane, futhi yize i-cheetah ibukeka ibuthuntu ngokubukeka, inemisipha eyakhiwe kahle. Imilenze yomhlaseli inemisipha, yinde futhi iqinile. Izindandatho emilenzeni yezilwane ezincelisayo azibuyiswa ngokuphelele ngenkathi zigijima noma zihamba, okungajwayelekile emndenini we-feline. Ukuma kwekhanda lekati akulona okukhulu, kunezindlebe ezincane ezinemizila eyindilinga.
Ubude bomzimba wesilo bungahluka kusuka kumamitha ayi-1, 23 kuye kwayi-1.5, ubude bomsila bungafinyelela amamaki amasentimitha angama-63-75, ukuphakama lapho kubuna ngamasentimitha angama-60-100. Isisindo somzimba we-Predator ingahluka kusuka kumakhilogremu angama-40 kuye kwangama-65-70.
Uboya besilwane bumfishane futhi bukhulu hhayi obukhulu kakhulu, umbala wabo wethulwa ku-sandy yellow hue. Futhi ebusweni bonke boboya, ngaphandle kwendawo yesisu, amabala amancanyana omthunzi omnyama onesimo esihlukile nosayizi asatshalaliswa ngokulingene. Kwenzeka ukuthi endaweni yokubuna kwesilwane kuvele i-mane engajwayelekile, eyakheka isuka ezinweleni ezincane nezilukhuni. Imivimbo emnyama itholakala ebusweni besilwane, kusukela emakhoneni angaphakathi eso futhi ngqo emlonyeni. Lokhu kungamamaki ayinqayizivele, ngenxa yokuthi umhlaseli angakwazi ukugxilisa amehlo akhe kalula ngenkathi kuqhubeka inqubo yokuvikela, avikela amehlo lekati elangeni lokuthi lingabonwa yilanga.
Sihlala kuphi lesi sidlakela?
Ingulule ikati , esetshenziselwa ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esinjengamagwadule noma ama-savannah, anendawo ephezulu komhlaba nomhlaba. Okukhulu kunakho konke, umhlaseli ukhetha ukuhlala endaweni evulekile. Ama-Cheetahs ahlala ikakhulukazi e-Afrika, emazweni anjenge-Angola, iBotswana, iBurkina Faso, i-Algeria, iBenin, iZambia, iKenya, iDemocratic Republic of the Congo, iMozambiki, iSomalia, iNiger, iZimbabwe, neNamibia neSudan.
Amanye amazwe lapho ungahlangana khona kalula isilwane kubhekwa: iTanzania, Chad, Ethiopia, Togo, Uganda, Central African Republic kanye neNingizimu Afrika. Izidlamlilo ezikhulayo ziyabonakala naseSwazini. Esifundeni sase-Asia, i-cheetah empeleni ayikho, itholakala emaqenjini amancane kakhulu e-Iran.
Izici eziphambili ezihlukanisa ingulule kanye nengwe
Ingwe kanye nengulule yizilwane ezivame ukuhlukaniswa njengezilwane ezincelisayo, ukuhleleka kwezilwane ezidla ezinye nomndeni wekati. Kulokhu, ingwe ingeyohlobo lwe-panther , nengulule kuhlobo lwezingulule. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamakati zinenombolo enkulu yokungefani:
Yini imixhaso yomphangi wesimanje?
Manje esetshenziselwa ukwabelwa kuphela ama-subspecies ayi-5 izingulule zanamuhla. Ngakho-ke, aba-4 kubo bahlala e-Afrika, kanti owesihlanu akutholakali kakhulu e-Asia. Ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe ngo-2007, babalelwa ku-4 500 abantu abahlala e-Afrika. Ngakho-ke, lesi silwane safakwa kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN.
Ingulule yase-Asia isetshenziselwa ukuhlala e-Iran ezifundazweni zaseMarkazi, iFars kanye neKhorasan, kepha isibalo sabantu ababodwa kule subspecies sihlala sincane kakhulu. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi abantu abathile bahlala esifundeni sasePakistan noma se-Afghanistan. Sekukonke, abekho abantu abangaphezu kwama-60 abagcinwe ngokwemvelo. Ensimini ye-zoos itholakala mayelana 23 nezitha zaseAsia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi silo sinokuhlukahluka okuvela ezinkulungwaneni zase-Afrika: imilenze yomdlwenguli imfushane, intamo inamandla ngokwengeziwe, isikhumba siphindwe kabili kancanyana futhi sikhulu.
- Izingosi zobukhosi zasebukhosini.
Phakathi kombala olula womdlwenguli, kukhona umehluko owenzekayo ngenxa yokuvela okungafani kakhulu kwezakhi zofuzo. Isibonelo, ingulule yasebukhosini inezici ezinjalo. Imivimbo emnyama ilele ngemuva kwayo, futhi izindawo ezinkulu ezimnyama zitholakala ezinhlangothini zalo, okungenzeka kwezinye izikhathi zihlangane ndawonye. Okokuqala kunikezwe uhlobo olungajwayelekile lwezilwane ezidla inyama lwatholakala ngo-1926, khona-ke ochwepheshe abengaqondi isikhathi eside ukuthi hlobo luni lekati okufanele luthathwe. Ekuqaleni, ososayensi babecabanga ukuthi lo muntu wakhiqizwa ngokuwela ingulule nasesigqalweni, futhi babehlose nokuthi ukubiza izingulule zasebukhosini kube uhlobo olusha nolwahlukile.
Kepha safika isikhathi lapho izakhi zofuzo ziqeda impikiswano yabo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngonyaka we-1981 ngesikhathi kuzalwa izingane ezincelisayo ezimbili eCheetah Center De Wildt, eyayikhona eSouth Africa, kanti elinye lamawundlu lalinombala ongavamile wejazi lawo. Izingulule zasebukhosini ziyakwazi beqa ngokukhululeka nabafowabo, abanemibala evamile yesikhumba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuzalwa izingane ezinempilo nezinhle ngokuphelele.
Kukhona futhi nenani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezilwane ezidla ngokweqile ezingakwazanga ukumelana nesikhathi futhi zanyamalala isikhathi eside.
Eminye imibala yezilwane ezidla ezinye
Kuneminye imibala yejazi lesilwane, elivele ngenxa yokuguquka okuhlukahlukene. Endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo, ochwepheshe baqaphela abantu abanemibala ehlukene nemibala yoboya. Ngokwesibonelo:
Kukhona abantu abanombala woboya obumnyama obuthuntu futhi obuthuntu, lokhu kubonakaliswa kakhulu phakathi kwezakhamizi zezindawo eziwugwadule. Kukhona incazelo yalokhu. , ngoba isici esinjalo singasebenza njengethuluzi lokucasha elingavikela isilwane emisebeni yelanga eyeqile.
Isilwane esivela emndenini wekati esinezici zokuhlaselwa umhlaseli sikhonjwe ngabezazi zezilwane njengezinhlobo ezihlukile. Mayelana nengulule kuthiwa "eZwini mayelana nenhlangano ka-Igor" - umlando wakhe udala kakhulu. I-phologyology, imikhuba, izimfanelo ezingavamile zesilwane esinyisayo ziyehlukile. Ijubane le-Cheetah egijima aze afike ku-112 km ngehora - lesi isilwane esisheshayo phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo emhlabeni.
Incazelo Nezici
I-Cheetahs ingahlukaniswa kwezinye izinhlobo ze-feline ngombala wesikhumba wayo oyingqayizivele, imizimba evundlile, izicubu zomzimba ezenziwe kahle, imilenze emide nomsila. Ubude bomzimba womhlaseli bucishe bube yi-1.5 m, isisindo - 40-65 kg, ukuphakama okungu-60-100 cm.Ikhanda elincane elinesihlakala esifushane.
Izindlebe zimfishane, ziqondile, ziyindilinga. Amehlo asethelwe phezulu. Izimbambo ziqinile, ama-paws anezinsila ezingaguquki, ehlukanisa izingulule kuwo wonke amakati asendle. Amacala angakhipha kuphela amazwana afike ezinyangeni ezi-4 kusukela azalwa, bese alahlekelwa yileli khono.
Izinwele zesilwane zimfushane kakhulu, kuphela engxenyeni engenhla yentamo ehlotshiswe ngesigaxa esincane sezinwele ezimnyama. Emncane, i-mane yesiliva ihamba ngayo yonke emuva. Umbala woboya amathoni anesihlabathi-aphuzi, amabala amnyama asabalale lonke isikhumba, ngaphandle kwesisu. Ubukhulu kanye nobume bemidwebo buyahluka. Isici esibonakalayo sezingulule amamaki ansundu amnyama - imivimbo isuka emehlweni isiya emlonyeni.
Ungahlukanisa ingulule kwamanye amakati amabala ngemivimbo emibili emnyama ebusweni bayo
Ukuvela kwesilo kunikeza izimpawu zesikhiphi. Ngesikhathi sokugijima, umzimba we-aerodynamic we-cheetah ukhonza ukuthuthukisa isivinini serekhodi. Umsila omude ukulingana okuphelele. Amathambo esilwane esinevolumu enkulu, esivimbela ukuphefumula kakhulu lapho ligijima ngejubane.
Njengoba Ingulule isilwane esisheshayo Ezikhathini zasendulo, izikhulu zasempumalanga zazisebenzisa izidlakudla ezivinjelwe ukuzingela izinyamazane. Izikhulu zamakhosi zaseGibhithe, amakhansthi ase-Central Asia, ama-rajas aseNdiya nawo aqukethe "amaphakethe" e-cheetahs aphelele.
Bathathwa njengempango banesigqoko emehlweni abo ukuze bangezi bashesha ukulandela ngaphambi kokuhlela. Ekuzingeleni, izingulule azange zingene ezilwaneni ezazithunjiwe kuze kufike lapho izikhulu zifika. Amacala abukhali alezi zilwane abambe inyamazane yazo ngemuva kokuvuthelwa yisithulu ngezihlakala zazo.
Njengomvuzo, izilwane zathola ukufakwa kwezidumbu. Ukuzingela ingulule kwakuyisipho esimba eqolo. Isilwane asizalisi ekudingisweni, ngakho-ke abantu abadumileyo kuphela abangabanjwa, badlekezelwe futhi baqeqeshelwe ukwenza umhlambi.
Uhlobo olungajwayelekile lwesilwane sasendle lubonakala eqinisweni lokuthi kulula ukugcwala yize selukhulile, luziboyisa kahle ekuqeqesheni. Bakhombisa ukwethembeka kwenja kumnikazi, ukujwayela ukulesa nekhola. Ezilwaneni zasekhaya, zishesha ukujwayela izisebenzi, kepha zibonisa ukuqaphela okuphezulu kubantu abangabazi.
Bazwela kakhulu okwakungakapheli, ushintsho lokushisa, izifo ezibangelwa yigciwane - ngokuvamile, abakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nesimo esisha. Isidingo semvelo sezilwane silele ezikhaleni ezinkulu, ekudleni okuthile.
Ingulule ibhekwa njengesilwane esisheshayo emhlabeni
Ngeshwa, inani lezilwane lihlala lincipha ngenxa yokwehliswa kwezindawo ezingahle zisetshenziswe khona, ukuzingela. Mammal cheetah ku-Red kuqokwa izinhlobo ezisengozini yokuphela.
Emakhulwini eminyaka ambalwa adlule, izinyamazana ezihlaselayo zazihlala kakhulu ezindaweni zase-Asia nase-Afrika. Ngokususelwa ocwaningweni luka-2007, abantu abangaphansi kuka-4 500 bahlala e-Afrika, kanti i-Asia yayingaphansi kakhulu.
Izilwane ziya ngokuya zincipha, yize zingaphansi kokuvikelwa kwemisebenzi yezemvelo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwesimanjemanje kufaka hlangana okuhlanu okusele kwengulule, kungabalwa okuqothulayo okumbalwa. Eyodwa isatholakala e-Eshiya, okuyi-subspecies emine kuhlala khona.
Ingulule yase-Asia. Ubungako bokubhaliswa kusondela embundwini obucayi, yingakho kunentshisekelo eyengeziwe kukho. Ezindaweni ezinabantu abambalwa e-Iran akukho abantu abangaphezulu kuka-60 bezilwane ezingavamile. Abantu abasele ngamanani amancane agcinwa ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane emazweni ahlukene.
Izici zezingosi ezise-Asia izinyawo eziphansi, intamo enamandla, isikhumba esikhulu. Izindawo ezinkulu zomzingeli wejubane ziya ngokuya zincipha. Umuntu ucindezela isilwane ezindaweni zayo zangempela - ama-savannas, ama-semi-desert. Inani lezinhlwathi zasendle ezakha isisekelo sokuphamba somzingeli lincishisiwe.
Ingulule yasebukhosini. Imivimbo emnyama emuva ingemuva yenza kube lula ukukhomba izingqinamba zase-Afrika ezibizwa nge-Rex mutation. Izindawo ezinkulu ezimnyama zihlangana ndawonye ezinhlangothini zesilwane, zinikeze isithombe ukubukeka okungajwayelekile.
Umbala o-Strange udale impikiswano phakathi kososayensi mayelana nendawo yengulule yasebukhosini ekuhlukaniselweni kwezilwane. Ukubonakala kwamawundlu anezingubo ezifanayo kuhlobene nohlobo lokuphindaphindeka lwabazali bobabili abanikeza ukuguqulwa kombala.
Ingulule e-Afrika ezitholakala kwezinye izinhlobo eziguqukayo ezingathandeki kangako:
- ama-albino amhlophe noma imicibisholo emnyama - ukunqotshwa kwamabala kubonakala kancane,
- izingulule ezibomvu - amabala anemibala ebomvu egcwele ngemuva ngemuva kwegolide,
- umbala ophuzi ophuzi onendawo ebomvana ebomvana.
Kuvela izithunzi ezinwele ezomile, mhlawumbe, ezakhamuzini zasogwadule zemaski - isici sokuzivumelanisa nezimo nokuvikelwa ezenzakalweni ezivuthayo zelanga.
Ingulule yaseYurophu - izinhlobo zezilwane ezingapheli. Izidumbu zamathambo zatholakala kakhulu eFrance. Ukuba khona kwalezi zinhlobo kuqinisekiswa ngemidwebo yomhume etholakala emhumeni weShuwe.
Izinhlobo zase-Europe zazizinkulu kakhulu, zinamandla kunezingulule zanamuhla zase-Afrika. Isisindo esikhulu somzimba nemisipha ekhulisiwe yenza ukuba sikwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esisheshayo kakhulu kunelezingane ezisasele nanamuhla.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Phambilini, iziqeshana zase-Eshiya kanye nogwadule lwase-Afrika bekugcwele izingulule ngamanani amakhulu. Izingqinamba zase-Afrika ezisuka eMorocco ziya eCape of Good Hope zazihlala ezwekazini. Izingqinamba zase-Asia zasakazwa eNdiya, ePakistan, kwa-Israyeli, e-Iran. Emkhakheni wezwe elaliyizi-republic zaseSoviet, izingulule zazingesona isilwane esingajwayelekile. Namuhla umhlaseli usesondele ekuqothulweni.
Ukuqothulwa kwesimo esiningi kuholele ekutheni kulondolozwe izinhlobo zezilwane, ikakhulukazi e-Algeria, Zambia, Kenya, Angola, Somalia. Kusele inani elincane kakhulu labantu e-Asia. Eminyakeni eyikhulu eyedlule, inani lezingulule lehlile lisuka kubantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-100 laya kwayishumi.
Ama-Predator agwema amathikithi, akhetha izindawo ezivulekile. Ingulule yezilwane akusebenzi ezilwaneni ezincelisayo, kuholela ekutheni ube yedwa. Ngisho nombhangqwana oshadile wenzelwa inkambiso emfushane, emva kwalokho iyahlukana.
Abesilisa bahlala bodwa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi bahlangana ngobumbano obahlukanisayo babantu abangu-2-3, lapho kwakhiwa khona ubudlelwano obulingana. Abesifazane bahlala bodwa, uma bengazikhulisi inzalo. Izingulule azinangxabano yangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwamaqembu.
Abantu abadala bakubekezelela kalula ukusondela kwezinye izingulule, ngisho ne-purr futhi ikhothe ubuso bomunye nomunye. Mayelana nengulule singasho ukuthi lesi yisilwane esinokuthula phakathi kwezihlobo.
Ngokungafani nabaningi bezinyamazane, ingulule izingela kuphela usuku, oluchazwa yindlela yokukhishwa kokudla. Uma efuna ukudla, uhamba ekuseni noma kusihlwa, kodwa ngaphambi kokuhwalala. Kubalulekile ukuthi izingulule zibone inyamazane, futhi ingezwa njengezinye izilwane. Ebusuku, inyamazane izingela kakhulu.
Ingulule ayizukubheka amahora amaningi lapho ilala khona futhi ibhekele isisulu sayo. Lapho ibona inyamazane, inyamazane iyashesha. Ukuqondisa kwemvelo, ubuhlakani obuhlala ngaphakathi ezilwaneni kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, lapho bebengabusi bezikhala ezivulekile.
Indawo yahlakulela izimfanelo zayo zokufiphala. Ijubane eliphakeme lokugijima, ukugxuma okude kwesilo, amandla okushintsha umkhondo wembani ngejubane lombani ukukhohlisa isisulu - balekela ingulule akunamsebenzi. Kungashiwo, ngoba amandla omhlaseli akwanele ekuphishekeleni isikhathi eside.
Indawo yabesilisa yindawo evulekile, ayimaka ngomchamo noma nge-excrement. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezihlahlana, izingulule azibheki uhlaza olungeke lukwazi ukukhwela. Isilwane singathola indawo yokukhosela ngaphansi kwesihlahla esinameva kuphela, umqhele wesihlahla ovuthayo. Ubukhulu besayithi lowesilisa buya ngenani lokudla, futhi izingosi zabesifazane zincike ebukhoneni benzalo.
Izitha zemvelo zezingulule ngamabhubesi, ama-hyenas, izingwe, ezingathathi nje inyamazane kuphela, kepha futhi zingenela inzalo. Ingulule inyamazane abasengozini. Ukulimala okutholwe yizisulu ezibanjiwe kuvame ukubulala abazingeli ngokwabo, ngoba angakuthola kuphela ukudla okwesimo esihle ngokomzimba. Isilo esinobuhlakani.