Umkhomo obulewe awuzange ube negama lawo nhlobo ngoba unento efana naleya whale eyayibulala, kodwa.
#animalreader #animals #animal #nature
Animal Reader - Umagazini online mayelana nezilwane
Izilwane zinamakhambi amaningi ahlukahlukene imvelo ayinikeze ngokukhululekile ukuze ikwazi.
#animalreader #animals #animal #nature
Animal Reader - Umagazini online mayelana nezilwane
I-stickleback enamaphiko amathathu - inhlanzi encane esindise amabhlokhi weLeningrad
https://animalreader.ru/kolyushka-trehiglaya-krohotna ..
Esikhundleni se-fa, i-stickleback encane enama-spikes emhlane wayo ivame ukudidaniswa nokuncibilika okuhlala enyakatho.
#animalreader #animals #animal #nature
I-White-eared lyotrix: incazelo, indlela yokuphila nesimo sezinyoni emvelweni
I-white-eared lyotrix iyinyoni encane, enombala ompunga owaziwa ngokushesha ngaphansi kwamagama amabili - umesiya ogcwele isiliva ne-lyotrix emhlophe. Uhluka kalula kwezinye izinhlobo ezisekelweni elimnyama ekhanda lakhe, amadevu amnyama nezihlathi zesiliva.
Kulula ukubona i-lyotrix enamehlo amhlophe: izeluleko ezi-raspberry zamaphiko nomsila ziyabonakala emzimbeni womnqumo. Futhi izimpaphe ezingwevu ezindlebeni zaqamba igama lezinhlobo - lowo mesiya wesiliva.
Owesilisa unebunzi eliphuzi, umphimbo nesifuba esikhanyayo ophuzi-owolintshi. Ngemuva limbozwe izimpaphe zika-grey-mnyama omnyama onomthunzi otshisayo.
Izimpiko zinomucu obanzi ophuzi onendawo ehlukile ebomvu eyindilinga. Umsila omude umnyama ngokuphelele. Ijamo lomsila eliphethe ukuphela kwesikwele, alifanisiwe. Izipikili namathiphu ezimpaphe kungokusa okugqamile. Isembozo sezimpaphe sowesifazane siyefana nengubo yomlingani, kepha isigqoko sakhe sinsundu, kanti izimpaphe zimpunga e-olive.
Ama-lyotrik asemancane afana nezinyoni ezindala, ngaphandle kokuthi izimpaphe ezingaphezulu ziphuzi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabazali babo, babukeka benesizotha kakhulu.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, amaphuphu i-molt futhi ekugcineni ngemuva kwama-molts amathathu athola i-plumage, njengama-lyotriks amadala. I-iris yeso iyahlukahluka kusuka ku-tint onsundu kuya kumbala onsomi obomvu. Beak iwolintshi enesisekelo esinsundu. Imilenze iphuzi.
I-White-eared lyotrix (i-Leiothrix argentauris).
Ama-lyotrixes anamehlo amhlophe ehlathini elishisayo angahlukaniswa kalula kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ngokuhlokoma okungapheli, kwesinye isikhathi okugqokwa yimisindo engacacile futhi ende. Lezi zingoma kwesinye isikhathi zihambisana nokukhala kakhulu. Ama-lyotrixes anamehlo amhlophe, lapho ecula, avame ukugqamisa amaphiko awo.
Ukusatshalaliswa kweBulot-Eared Lyotrix
ILitrix-white-eared itholakala endaweni enkulu ukusuka eSoutheast Asia, Pakistan nase-Indonesia kuya eVietnam naseChina. Izinyoni eziyisikhombisa zezinyoni zihlala eHimalaya ngasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya (iDarjeeling, Sikkim, NEFA), eNepal naseBhutan. Indawo le ihlanganisa iBurma, iNingizimu China, iThailand, iLaos, iVietnam, iCambodia kanye nePhalamende laseMalay. Ababili ababhalisile bahlala eziqhingini zaseSumatra, e-Indonesia.
Ama-lyotriks amhlophe qwa anqabile: ezintabeni, emathafeni, emahlathini nasemasimini.
I-Habitat ye-lyotrix emhlophe okomhlophe
Ama-lyotrixes anamehlo amhlophe ahlala ezindaweni ezivulekile zomhlaba. Bahlala emahlathini, phakathi kwamabhishi amancane, amahlathi aphucukile, emahlathini ezihlahlana ezakha ihlumela elingaphansi kwehlathi. Emahlathini alezi zinyoni angabonakala emaphethelweni endabuko, nasezindaweni ezingayindawo. Bahlala phakathi kwenxanxathela, izingadi ezishiyiwe kanye namahlathi atshaliwe. Ezintabeni kukhuphuka ukuphakama kwamamitha angama-2100 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Izici zokuziphatha kwe-white-eared lyotrix
Ama-lyotriks amhlophe qwa ahlala emaqenjini wezinyoni ezi-6 kuya kwezingama-30 nangaphezulu. Bacasha emahlahleni ehlathini, kepha kwesinye isikhathi bakhuphuka bude buduze kakhulu neziqongo zezintaba.
AbakwaLyotrix bathanda ukucasha ehlathini.
Ama-lyotrixes anamehlo amhlophe yizinyoni ezisebenzayo ezihlala zifuna izinambuzane ezikumahlamvu. Bathatha okungenakucabanga kwe-acrobatic uma behlola ukungaphansi kwamaqabunga, kufana nobuhlalu obuthunyelwe emagatsheni. Lapho usuka esihlahleni usiya kwesinye, ama-lorixes amhlophe amhlophe ahamba ngokungahleliwe, ahambisana nalomhlangano nge-twitter ekhanyayo, engenangqondo. Banikeza umbono wezinyoni ezixakile kakhulu, zijaha njalo ngezindaba zazo zezinyoni. Kwesinye isikhathi benza ubuthakathi bexosha izitha zabo. Kusukela ngo-Ephreli, izinyoni bezilokhu zizibhanqa, indlela yokuziphatha kwama-lyotriks amhlophe iyaqedwa kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, kunzima kakhulu ukubheka ukusebenza kwezinyoni ngokwemvelo.
Ehlobo, ziyizinyoni ezihlala phansi, kepha ebusika zihamba ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwezinyoni, okuthiwa "amaza" enza umbono okhethekile kubabukeli - imihlambi emikhulu lapho izinyoni zihlangana lapho zindiza namanye ama-thimelias. Abasesiya abasebenza ngesiliva bachitha iningi lesikhathi sabo emhlabeni. Ukuhambahamba ngodoti wehlathi, izinyoni ezingenakuzimela zibheka ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile, zifuna izinambuzane, noma zithathe izithelo eziwile, imbewu evame ukungatheni. Ngezikhathi ezithile zindiza ziye ezihlahleni, ziye ekuphakameni okungekho ngaphansi kwamamitha amahlanu.
Kusukela ngo-Ephreli, izinyoni bezilokhu zizibhanqa, indlela yokuziphatha kwama-lyotriks amhlophe iyaqedwa kakhulu.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-lyotrix enamehlo amhlophe
Isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti. Isidleke sisitsha esinobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-8,5 nobubanzi obungama-8 cm. Sakhiwe kusuka emaqabungeni e-bamboo nezinye izinto zezitshalo ezinjengotshani neminyene. Izinyoni ezisebenza kanzima ziyakha ngezinsuku ezine. Ugqoko ongaba ngu-6 cm ufakwe ezimpandeni ezincane. Isidleke sitholakala emahlahleni ukuphakama okungadluli kumamitha ayi-2 ngaphezu komhlaba, kwesinye isikhathi ngamasentimitha ambalwa ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba. Insikazi imvamisa ibala amhlophe amabili kuya kwesihlanu ngamaqanda ansundu. Bobabili abazali bayashiswa, insikazi iyashintshana nowesilisa.
Isikhathi sokufakwa kwesinye isikhathi sihlala eqandeni lokuqala kanye nezinsuku eziyi-14. Emasontweni amabili kamuva, kuzalwa amaphuphu. Ngalesi sikhathi, bobabili abazali abasishiyi isidleke, kepha kwesinye isikhathi basuka bengazi, bethuswe ukuziphatha komsindo kwezihlobo zabo ezikhethiwe. Ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila, ngenkathi inzalo ingakabi namandla, abazali banakekela ukudla kwezingane. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi nambili, amaphuphu aqala ukwenza izindiza zawo zokuqala. I-Lyotrix-eared emhlophe idla ukudla okuxubile. Izinyoni zidla izinambuzane, imbewu, amajikijolo.
Ama-lyotriks anamehlo amhlophe adla izinambuzane, imbewu, amajikijolo.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kwama-lyotrixes
ILyotrix-white-eyred iyinyoni evamile esifundeni sayo. Umesiya osolwa ngesiliva uhlukaniswa njengohlobo lwezinsongo ezinosongo oluncane.
I-white-eared lyotrix yaziswa kakhulu abathandi bezinyoni lapho igcinwe endaweni yezindiza nezinye izinyoni. Ngokuvamile kubanjwa futhi kuthunyelwe eYurophu nase-United States of America, lapho kuthengiswa khona ama-lyotrix esitolo sezilwane esibizwa ngokuthi i-mesiah ye-yesred.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Umnotho
I-cockatoo yokulila enomsila omhlophe njengenhlobo yachazwa muva nje, ngo-1948. Iqiniso ngukuthi eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Australia, lapho kuhlala khona le nyoni, enye yona ivame kakhulu, ifana kakhulu (kepha ngomlomo omude), i-cockatoo isililo esinebala elimhlophe, futhi isikhathi eside ochwepheshe bathatha lokhu kuhlukahluka njengokufana. Kuvele ukudideka okwengeziwe ngenxa yokuthi incazelo yesayensi ye-white-eared cockatoo yahlanganiswa ngonyaka we-1832 hhayi ngesisekelo sezinto ezibonakalayo, okuthi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kudingwe izilinganiso zamametro, kepha ngesisekelo somdwebo owenziwe ngumdwebi waseNgilandi u-Edward Lear. Ama-Ornithologists wekhulu le-XX, ayebheka umsebenzi, akakwazanga ukunquma ngohlobo olukhonjiswe kulo.
Ngo-1933, udokotela wamazinyo wasendaweni u-Ivan Karnaby engxenyeni esentshonalanga yesifunda saseMully wathola iqembu le-cockatoo elihlaselwe ngokuziphatha okukhethekile. Izinyoni, uKarnaby azibiza ngokuthi “ama-mallee black cockatoos”, azinza endaweni enesihlabathi esikhulu phakathi kwesihlahlana sesihlahla se-eucalyptus (igama lendawo le-biotope iscrub se-malley, isikrimu se-mallee yesiNgisi). Usosayensi waveza indlela yokuthola ukudla okuyi-cockpos ye-white-ered: akaze basebenzise umlomo wabo ukukha imbewu emabhokisini we-eucalyptus, kodwa bakhetha ukuhlukanisa izithelo eziqinile kuqala, emva kwalokho baphakela imbewu ephukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlomo wezinyoni waleli qembu wawubanzi futhi umfushane kunobuhlakani babalingani babo abahlobene eduze. Eminyakeni engu-15 kamuva, ngo-1948, uCarnaby wachaza izindlela ezintsha zeqhude elimhlophe elinesihlungu, waliqamba ngokuthi ICalyptorhynchus baudinii latirostris . Isihloko latirostriseyabelwe uCarnaby isuselwa amagama amabili esiLatin: latus (ububanzi) kanye rostris (-beak, ifomu lesiphawulo kusuka i-rostrum - imilomo). Emisebenzini eminingana yengxenye yesibili yekhulu lama-20, isimo salezinhlobo sagcina sinikezwe osomatekisi.
Okunye ukushicilelwa kwalelikhulu lama-20 leminyaka kuhlinzeka ngohlelo olunemininingwane eyengeziwe lohlobo Callyptorhynchusngokusho ukuthi ama-cockatoos amhlophe-anomsila omhlophe, odabukisayo nabadabukisayo angama-subgenus Zandakanye ne-cockatoo enamakhanda ansundu kanye nama-Banks Callyptorhynchus . Ngokusho kukaJohn Courtney, womabili la maqembu ahlukile komunye ngesimo sokukhala kwamachwane. I-International Union for Conservation of Nature iphakamise isikhundla samatekisi Zanda kuya kuhlobo, kucaphuna Uhlu Lokuhlola Lwezithombe luka-2014 Lwezinyoni Zomhlaba.
Incazelo
Omunye wabamele abomndeni abakhulu: ubude 54-56 cm, amaphiko acishe abe ngu-110 cm, isisindo esingu-520-790 g. Umbala oyinhloko weplamu mnyama ngephethini le-wavy, ne-fleaky yombala omhlophe ophuzi, owakheka ngenxa yemingcele yezinsiba emnyama entanyeni naku amabele ale mingcele ebanzi, athiwe.
Ekhoneni lekhanda kukhona i-crest engu-2,5-3 cm ubude, leyo nyoni ejabule isakazeka isithandwa. Izindawo ezinkulu ezinombala omhlophe ophuzi zakhiwa ezihlathini. Izimpaphe zomsila owedlulele zimhlophe ngokuphuzi ngombala omnyama obanzi eceleni komphetho, futhi izimpaphe zomsila ophakathi nendawo zimnyama ngokuphelele. Uthingo linsundu emnyama, imilenze inombala onsundu. Uqhwaku lubanzi futhi lufushane kunalolo lwe-cockatoo elisondelene nelicishe lifane nele-eye.
I-dimorphism yezocansi ithuthukiswe kahle. Umehluko obonakalayo kakhulu ubonakala ngombala wentshebe nesikhumba esingenalutho nxazonke zamehlo: kowesilisa, uqhwaku limpunga emnyama nezindandatho ze-perorbital zipinki, kuyilapho kowesifazane, uqhwaku lunombala wobumba kanti namasongo aluhlaza. Umehluko kuphethini lamapheya: kwabesifazane, amabala ezinhlangothini zekhanda alula futhi anomngcele ocacile, amabala akhanyayo esifubeni nasesiswini abanzi, akha imigqa eqinile yokudlula. Ekugcineni, imilenze yezinsikazi nayo ipende ngamathoni alula. Ukuhlanza kugcina kusuka ngoJanuwari-uFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli - Meyi, ukulandelana kwezinguquko zekhava lekhebula akufundiswanga kahle.
Ezinyoni ezincane zazo zombili ubulili, kanye nezinsikazi ezindala, uqhwaku lupendwe ngombala wobumba, izindandatho ze-periorbital zimpunga, umbala we-plumage ungakathuthuki okumbalwa kwemoto emhlophe. Zingabuye zihlukaniswe yizikhalazo zokuncengeka kwezimpawu. Izici zangaphandle zocansi zabesilisa ziqala ukuvela ngasekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wokuphila futhi zithole ngokuphelele ukubukeka komuntu omdala eneminyaka emibili.
Ukuziphatha komphakathi
Engxenyeni ye-19 neyokuqala yekhulu lama-20, lapho isibalo sama-cockatoos sasiphezulu kakhulu, izibukeli zabhala ngemihlambi emikhulu yezinyoni eyayiqoqana ezindaweni zokudla ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yokuzala. Akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokungangabazi ukuthi kwakuwumbuzo wama-cockatoos amhlophe noma acwebezelayo amhlophe - ngaleso sikhathi zombili lezi zinhlobo zamukelwa njengezingenamuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zombili izinyoni ezifanayo, kanye ne-cocksoo yaseBanks, zingakha imihlambi exubile. Izinga eliphakeme lokuhlalisana kwabantu libonakala ngazo zombili lezi zinhlobo futhi manje, lapho umsebenzi wezomnotho womuntu uzibeke emaphethelweni wokuqothulwa. Ababhali bafanisa le nyoni njengeselula futhi enobungane, ethambekele endleleni yokuphila enhle. Ngokudla okuningana, ama-cockatoos ahlala endaweni eyodwa kuze kube yilapho ukudla sekuphelile. Njengezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, ngesikhathi sokudla, izinyoni zomhlambi owodwa noma ezimbili zihlala buqamama ngaphezu kwesihlahla, zibheke indawo ezungezile. Lapho kufika umhlaseli, bakhihla isililo esikhipha inhliziyo, futhi lonke iqembu lidilike lindize. Esikhathini sokudlekwa, ama-cockatoos avame ukugcinwa ngababili noma ngamaqembu emindeni; owesimame ubonakala ngokuziphatha komhlaba.
Umsoco
Isisekelo sokudla okunempilo yimbewu yomndeni wamaProtein wezitshalo ezinamahlahla: Banksia, Grevillea, Hackey (Hakea), ngezinga elincane lembewu ye-eucalyptus ne-corymbia (Corymbia) Ngaphezu kwembewu, izinyoni nazo zidla izithelo ezinamanzi (kufaka phakathi i-radiation shefflers) ne-nectar yezimbali (kufaka phakathi i-callistemon elukiwe), kanye nezibungu zezinambuzane ezidonsa izimbali nezithelo. Ngokuphikisana ne-hologlazogo echumayo ne-pink cockatoo, ekhuphuke ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwezolimo, umhlophe-onomsindo akanandaba nezilimo zokusanhlamvu, kusuka ezitshalweni zotshani ezingafani nezitshalo zasendaweni, udla kuphela izithelo zesineke futhi Emex australis [en] .
Ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuzalela, lapho ama-biotopes ahlala inyoni ehlukene ngokwengeziwe, angavakashela emasimini kaphayini okhanyayo nephayini wasogwini, lapho akhipha khona imbewu kuma-cones [comm 1]. Iwebhusayithi yoMnyango Wezemvelo wase-Australia, icaphuna umsebenzi wababhali abahlukahlukene, ibala ezinye izinkambiso ezihlakulelwe eziye zaba ngumthombo wesibili wokudla kwezinyoni: ama-alimondi, izihlahla zama-apula, amapheya, ama-Persimmons, nezinye. Ama-Cockatoos adla nezithelo ezinama-anigosanthos aphuzi (Anigozanthos flavidus) ekhulelwe ukuhlobisa. Imfologo ivame ukutholakala emqheleni wezihlahla nezihlahlana, uma ivama ukungathathi izithelo eziwile ebusweni bomhlaba [comm 2]. Isebenzisa uqhwaku lwayo oluqinile ukugaya izithelo ezifakwe ngenkani, emva kwalokho igwinye imbewu esele.
Izinyoni zehlathi
Uhlaza olunamapulangwe luyindawo yokuhlala enkulu yezinyoni. Basebenzisa yonke indawo enobuthi bezitshalo ezinamapulangwe bobabili maqondana nendawo yokukhosela izidleke futhi maqondana nokudla. Imilenze yezinyoni eziningi maqondana nendlela yokuphila ye-arboreal ihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi iminwe yamahhala iphikisane. Lokhu kubanikeza ithuba lokukhipha amagatsha kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili.
Izinhlobo zezinyoni eziningi eziguqulwe ukuze zikhuphuke iziqu zemithi ezikhula ngokuqondile (ama-nuthatch, pikas kanye ne-woodpeckers). Kuzo zonke izinyoni ezinjalo, imiphetho yeminwe ibukhali kakhulu futhi igobile kakhulu. Ama-Woodpeckers nama-pikas futhi asebenzisa umsila wokukhuphuka, okusebenza kuwo njengokusekelwa, futhi ngokwengxenye yebhalansi ngesikhathi sokugoqwa ngaphambili komzimba.
I-Woodpecker - ummeleli wezinyoni zehlathi
I-Finch yaseYurophu, izicubu nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni zizivumelanise ukuze zikhuphuke amagatsha bese zilenga kusuka ngezansi. Ukugibela izihlahla, izinyoni zithola ukudla kwazo. Ingxenye encane izithola ibhala isebenzisa amaphiko. Ngakho-ke, kwizinyoni zehlathi, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ngezindlela ezimbili kuyaphawulwa - ekwakhiweni kwemilenze nasekuthuthukisweni kwamaphiko.
Izinyoni zepredator
Phakathi kwezinyoni ezidla inyama kukhona iminyoni yezinyoni zasemini ezizingela emini futhi kuthathwa izinyamazane zizingela ebusuku. Zonke lezi zinyoni zinemilenze enamandla, ezihlome ngezihlakala ezinkulu, ezibukhali futhi eziqinile nomlomo ongobe ogobekile.
Izinyoni zasemini zezinyamazane zihlala emaqeleni, ogwadule, emahlathini, emathafeni, ezintabeni. Akudli ukudla kwesitshalo nhlobo. Ukudla bakusebenzisa izilwane, izinyoni, izinhlanzi nezinambuzane. Ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezidla ezinye zibamba inyamazane ebukhoma (i-falcons, Hawks, ukhozi, izimbungulu, njll.), Kanti ezinye zidla izilwane ezifile kuphela (amabala, imihuzuko, amabala, izinsikazi, njll.).
Owl - omelele izinyoni ezidla inyama
Izinyoni zamachibi nezigodi ezisogwini
Izici zezemvelo zezixhaphozi kanye nezigodi zezindawo zokugcina ezincane ziyefana kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni zivamile ngasogwini lwezidumbu zamanzi nezixhaphozi.
Lapho zizingela ukudla, ezinye izinyoni zemashi zisebenzisa imilenze yazo uma zihamba ikakhulu, kanti ezinye zisebenzisa amaphiko azo.Eqenjini lokuqala lezinyoni, imilenze ibonakala ngezimpawu eziningi: yinde, incishisiwe iplamu ku-ankle joirs (ankle), ubude obucatshangwayo bezinzwani zangaphambili, ezivame ukuxhunyaniswa ngemisipha. Konke lokhu kungukuzivumelanisa nezimo zokuhlala ezindaweni ezinomhlabathi obonakalayo kanye nokuba khona kwamanzi angajulile. Ama-sandpipers, imifino, imidlwane, amadada, amadada, abahlaseli besikhathi sasemini, amaqhugwane nabanye bahlala emaweni nasezigodini zezidumbu zamanzi.
UHeron - omele izinyoni zemashi
Izinyoni zezintaba namahlane
Ngenxa yokuthi kunzima ukuthi izinyoni zigadle ezindaweni ezivulekile, zakha imilenze emide nentamo ezimeni zokuma nezintethe ngesikhathi sokuvela kwemvelo. Ngenxa yalokhu kuguqulwa, izinyoni zingayihlola kude le ndawo futhi ibone indlela abahlaseli abahlukahlukene.
Izinyoni zama-steppes kanye nogwadule zihamba kakhulu zifuna ukudla phakathi kwezimila, ngakho-ke imilenze yazo ivame ukukhula. Ibalekela ingozi, ezinye izinyoni zezintethe namabhishi azibaleki, kepha ziyabaleka.
I-Ostrich - ummeleli wezinyoni ze-steppe
Indima yezinyoni emvelweni, ukubaluleka kwazo empilweni yomuntu
Izinyoni zibaluleke kakhulu emvelweni nasekuphileni komuntu. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ngokwesibonelo, kunobudlelwano obunzima phakathi kwezinyoni nezitshalo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, naphakathi kwezinyoni nezinye izilwane, ngakolunye uhlangothi.
Izinyoni zidlala indima enkulu ekusatshalalisweni kwembewu yezitshalo. Izinhlobo ezithile zezinyoni (amancanyana, ama-hummingbirds, njll.), Zidla umpe wezitshalo noma zivakashela izimbali ukubamba izinambuzane kuzo, zinegalelo ekuvinjelweni kwezimbali.
Kunobudlelwano obunzima kakhulu phakathi kwezinyoni nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ngokwemvelo. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ezidla ezinye zidla ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni futhi lokhu kubamba iqhaza kufaka isandla ekukhetheni.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokubumbana zibonwa ezinyoni, lapho izinhlobo ezincane zezinyoni zihlala emikhondlwini emikhulu, (izinkanyezi zihlala nama-rook, kanye namaqhude namashiya). Kulezi zimo, izinyoni ezinamandla zimboza ezibuthakathaka. Ukubakhona njalo kwama-swallows (futhi kwesinye isikhathi kube nezinkanyezi nama-jackdaws) emadlelweni ezimfuyo ezifuywayo nezasendle kungenxa yokuthi izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu ziheha ama-dipteran amaningi, izinyoni ezibamba endizayo.
Izinyoni ezingavikeleki, njengomthetho, ziwusizo ezitshalweni, ngoba zidla izibungu nezinambuzane zezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, zibanga ukulimala okukhulu ezitshalweni. Ama-Passerines adla inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinambuzane, aletha izinzuzo ezinkulu kwezolimo kanye namahlathi. Isibonelo, umgwinya ubhubhisa cishe isigidi esi-1 ngaphezulu ehlobo. izinambuzane, kanye nesishumi ngonyaka - cishe izigidi eziyi-6.5. amaqanda ezinambuzane eziyingozi.
Kodwa-ke kukhona izinyoni (ezidla inyama yezinyosi, ezidla amabhungane) ezidla izinambuzane ezithutha impova (izinyosi, izimbungulu, njll.) Eziwusizo ezitshalweni, ziqhekeza amagatsha ngokwakha izidleke (izingwegwe), amagxolo angenalutho nokhuni (izinkuni ezingama-woodpeckers), futhi eziyizimbiwa zemvelo zamagciwane umuntu.
Empilweni yabantu, izinyoni nazo zibaluleke kakhulu, okuboniswa iqhaza elikhulu lezinkukhu kwezolimo nezinyoni ngokuqothulwa kwezinambuzane zezolimo. Izinyoni nazo zifanekisela inani lentengiso nezobuhle.
Indima yemvelo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo kanye nemvelo yokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingandile
Banikezwe izinzuzo ezinkulu ezilethwa yizinyoni, abantu benza konke okusemandleni ukuze bavikeleke. Ama-Reservation kanye nama-zoo adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuvikelweni kwezinyoni. Ukuvikela izinyoni ngokwemvelo, hhayi ukugcinwa kwezinyoni ezindala kuphela, kepha nokuvikelwa kwezidleke zazo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ezintweni zezwe lethu kunezinyoni eziningi ezingandile ezibalwe ku-Red Book, phakathi kwazo: i-pelican, ingwamza, ukhozi lwegolide, indawo yokungcwaba, i-steppe ukhozi, i-osprey, i-peregrine falcon, i-owl, i-bustard, i-strp. Isizathu esikhulu esenza babheke ukuqothuka ukushabalala kwama-biotope adingekayo endaweni yabo yokuhlala.
Kusongela ukufa futhi kubhalwe ku-Red Book of grey crane, crane belladonna kanye nezinye izakhamizi ze-steppes. Ngakho-ke, imithetho eyamukelwa ezweni lethu ekuvikelweni komhlaba wezilwane ibaluleke kakhulu kulondolozo lwezinyoni nezinye izilwane.
Ukuheha izinyoni
Ososayensi baveze kudala ukuthi akudingeki nje ukuthi ufunde izibonelelo noma ukulinyazwa kwezinyoni, kepha futhi bazame ukuqinisa imisebenzi yabo ewusizo. Ukuheha izinyoni emasimini, izingadi, izingadi, amapaki, amahlathi kuletha imiphumela emihle futhi kukhuphule umkhiqizo wezitshalo ezahlukahlukene nokukhiqiza ihlathi. Isibonelo, ukuheha izinkanyezi ezinkampanini zamabhungane kusiza ukuzisula ngezinyosi.
Kuze kube sekwedlule ikhulu leminyaka edlule, amahlathi eBerdyansk ayethole isipiliyoni sokuheha izinkanyezi ngokulengisa izidleke zokufakelwa ukushabalalisa umsila we-elm. Lo mcimbi ubiza amahlathi amahlandla angama-20 kunokuqasha abasebenzi ngenhloso efanayo.
Ezinye izibonelo eziningi ziyaziwa lapho izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinyoni zisindisa amahlathi noma izilimo ekufeni (izimpukane ezingamakhanda ziqeda inundu likaphayini, ama-gulls asindisa isivuno sikakotini emthonjeni we-mehendi, izingwegwe ziqeda ukhula lwasilika, njll.).
Ngenxa yokuthi izinyoni zivame ukungabi nazo izindawo ezanele zokudlela, kuyadingeka ekwindla, ebusika nasentwasahlobo yokuqala yokulengisa izindlu zezinyoni, amakhemisi, izindlu zezinyoni, njll. Emahlathini, amapaki, izingadi nezingadi zemifino. Imiphumela emihle itholakala ngokutshala izihlahlana, okuyindawo yokukhosela izidleke.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ekudonseleni nasekulondolozeni izinyoni ezifayo ebusika ukuhluthiswa kwazo hhayi ezindaweni zasemakhaya kuphela, kodwa nasemadolobheni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlela abondli emapaki, ezingadini nasemakholoni.
Ukulima izinkukhu
Yize izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni zasendle (izinkukhu, amadada, amahansi, ama-turkeys, njll.) Zaqashwa eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, ukulima izinkukhu sekuwumkhakha obalulekile womnotho wethu kamuva nje.
Izilwane ezifuywayo zibizwa ngalezi zinyoni umuntu azithambisile futhi wazifutha ngempumelelo ekhaya ukuze athole inyama, amaqanda, i-fluff kanye nezimpaphe. Njengoba sikhiqiza izinkukhu: izinkukhu, amadada, amakati, okwegubhu, amapikoko, izinyoni zasogwini, ama-pheasants, izintethe namantweza. Okubaluleke kakhulu ezweni lethu izinkukhu, amahansi namadada.
Ukubukeka kokujwayelekile kwase-Afrika
Isipushka esijwayelekile sase-Afrika yisikhova esincane esinezintwala. Ngokubukeka kwayo nosayizi wayo, ifana kakhulu ne-Ussuri scoop okuyiyo, njengazo zonke ezinye izimpukane, ezihlobene eduze, kepha inombala ogqamile futhi inesiqubulo sobude obude obuhlukile esiswini esibomvu, obukeka uthambile. I-plumage yalawa mahhashi asikazi iyinhlangano esebenza kahle kakhulu yokuhlikihla imvelo lapho izingela, ivumela ukuthi ilahleke ngemuva kwegxolo lesihlahla.
Amehlo emnyama anombala ophuzi okhanyayo wewolintshi kubantu abadala nasethunzini elishwabene kuzincane. Izindandatho nomlomo wazo zinsundu. I-tarsus ibunjiwe cishe ngokuphelele, kepha izimpaphe ezikhula phezu kwayo azingeni ngaphansi kweminwe. Empeleni yilolu phawu oluhlukanisa i-splyuski kwamanye ama-scoops.
Uma siqhathanisa i-splyushka ejwayelekile yase-Afrika ne-scoop collared, khona-ke i-spyushka nayo ibonakala ngobukhulu obuncane nokungabikho kwentamo elula. Ubungako be-splyushka evamile yase-Afrika busuka kumasentimitha ayi-16 kuye kwangama-24 futhi bunesisindo kusuka kumagremu angama-60 kuye kwangama-135.
I-spatula ejwayelekile yase-Afrika (Otus senegalensis).
Lalela izwi lomuntu ojwayelekile wase-Afrika
Engxenyeni eseningizimu yebanga labo, i-splyuski ivela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, futhi ngobusuku bokuqala obunokuthula nobushisayo ngemuva kokufika kwabo, baqala ukukhipha amazwi abo. Ukukhala kokukhishwa kokuhlanza okuvamile kwase-Afrika kungokuzijabulisa futhi kuyazuzisa (kunokuphindaphindwa kokukhala okungama-20-21 / min) ukuphindaphinda kwesimilo sokuncenga kwalolu hlobo. Lezi ziklabishi zithathwa njengegama elikhulunywe isikhathi eside ngokuthi "ukulala", okuyisizathu segama lesiRussia lale nyoni.
Njengamanye ama-scoops, entwasahlobo abesilisa be-splyuska bane-echo ende, bekhiqiza ukukhala kokuncenga ngamathoni ahlukile. By the way, ukucula kuka-antiphonal (noma kubhangqiwe) lapho abesilisa ababili besho ngokudabukisayo ngendlela efanayo kuwuphawu lwalo squirrel.
Ngenxa yombala wayo, ama-splyuska aficha kahle ezihlahleni.
Ngaphakathi kwamanje, ngaphezu kokucula kwabesilisa, ungezwa ukuculwa okuhlanganisiwe kowesifazane nowesilisa. Kwabesifazane, izwi alisiyinduna kangako njengowesilisa, kodwa ukukhala kuhlukaniswa ngocwaningo oluthile futhi kuzwakala ngathi “ukuhlangana kokulala” kanye nolimi. Ngokuvamile, izingoma ezinjalo ze-duet zibukeka njengokushintshana kokukhala komuntu wesilisa nokukhala kowesifazane omlandelayo, kanti owesimame unesiphundu esidabukisayo. Uma isimo sezulu sinamafu futhi sifudumele, khona-ke amazwi abo awezwakali hhayi kuphela ebusuku, kodwa futhi nasesikhathi sasemini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, baphinde babe neminye “imisebenzi yomculo”. Isibonelo, ngezikhathi ezithile ungezwa ukuthi bakukhipha kanjani ukukhala okwekati. Abahlali abahlala engxenyeni eseningizimu yebanga bangakhipha uhlobo lokuthuthumela nokucula okutholakala imisindo ephakeme yomsindo “fi-b-y-yu-yu” osendaweni ephezulu. Imisindo yabo ye-invocative isephansi futhi iyafana ne- "tu = fit-tu-viit."
I-Nesting African Common Sputus
Isikhathi sokudlekwa kwe-splyus yase-Afrika sihluke kakhulu futhi kuya ngendawo. Ukwenza isibonelo, eZimbabwe, izidleke ziqala ngo-Agasti kuya kuLwezi. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu - ukusuka kuJulayi kuya kuFebhuwari.
Ezimweni eziningi, izidleke zezinye izinyoni zisetshenziswa njengezidleke yi-spatulae yase-Afrika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "abanikazi" bangaphambilini besidleke bangahluka kakhulu: kusuka kubamele bezinkozi ezingaphansi kwejuba kuya amajuba. Uma kungekho zidleke ezilahliwe, i-splyushka yase-Afrika isebenzisa ngempumelelo noma yikuphi ukufakwa emithini yesihlahla.
I-splyushki yase-Afrika kungcono ukukhetha isidleke emigodini elahliwe. Futhi, kunezimo lapho i-splyushki yase-Afrika isidleke khona emhlabathini nasemadwaleni obumba. Ezithangeni zeziqu, kwesinye isikhathi izidleke zakudala ze-splyuschi zahlangatshezwa, okuyinto, mhlawumbe, ezenziwa kuye.
Njengomthetho, ku-clutch kukhona amaqanda amabili amhlophe acwebezelayo, amancanyana awabekela isikhathi esincane. Ukubamba kuqala kuqala ngemuva kokuba iqanda selibekwe. Isikhathi sokufakwelwa cishe izinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu kusukela esikhathini sokuzala amaqanda. Isisindo seqanda ngokujwayelekile ngamagremu ayishumi nanhlanu.
Indawo Yokusabalalisa kanye neHabitat ye-African Common Sputus
Ama-splyushki ase-Afrika ahlala cishe kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Afrika eningizimu yehlane laseSahara. Le nyoni ithanda isihlahla noma, njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi, yi-selva yaseNingizimu Afrika, kanye nendawo enamahlathi eyakhiwe ngotshani bomhlaba obunqabile bomhlaba, i-savannah nehlathi. Kubhekwe kaninginingi ukuthi ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo ama-spatula, ama-Afrika kanye nawaseYurophu, ubusuku obubalwa ngokuhlabelela kwabo bathola ukunambitheka okungenakulibaleka.
Kodwa-ke, le nyoni ayifiki ngamehlo, yize isabalaliswa kabanzi futhi ibonakala kalula. Isimo sezulu esipholile, uSplyushka ukhetha ukungashiyi umgodi.
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Isidumbu esinamakhanda aphuzi siyinyoni encane enamabala aphuzi ekhanda nesifuba, ebusweni kukhona imaskhi eyakhiwe izimpaphe ezimnyama.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zesidumbu esinombala ophuzi
Isidumbu esinamakhanda aphuzi siyinyoni ubude obungu-20 kuye kwangama-25 cm nama-gramu angama-65 enesisindo. Amapheya ezinsikazi ezindala ikakhulukazi amnyama, ikhanda nangaphambili lesifuba liphuzi ngokugqamile, emaphikweni kunendawo encane emhlophe ebonakalayo kokubili ezindizeni nasenyameni ehleliyo.
Ngokuya kombala obonakalayo wezinqwaba zezidumbu ezinamakhanda aphuzi, kulula ukuhlukanisa kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni. Insikazi inenqwaba yemibala e-brown brown nenemibala emhlophe, ikhanda nesifuba kuphuzi ngombala. Uphuma namashiya amnyama aphuzi nombala ofanayo womphimbo nesifuba. Abantu abasha bafana nabesifazane.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwesidumbu esinamakhanda aphuzi
Ehlobo, kutholakala isidumbu esinombala ophuzi enyakatho nentshonalanga - enkabeni yeCanada nase-United States of America. Uhla lwaso luye luye ngasentshonalanga luye eBritish Columbia, luqhubeke luye eningizimu enqamula e-West Coast. Ngasemaphethelweni asempumalanga, isidumbu esinamakhanda aphuzi sihlala entshonalanga Ontario siye enyakatho neMissouri. Ebusika, itholakala eCalifornia, eTexas, futhi eMexico futhi kwesinye isikhathi eCosta Rica.
Isidumbu esinamakhanda aphuzi (i-Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus).
Ukuziphatha kwesidumbu okufana nekhanda
Abesilisa besidumbu esinamakhanda aphuzi bangabokuqala ukundiza ezindaweni ezinendawo yokwakha izidleke nokungena ezindaweni eziseduzane nezidumbu zamanzi. Abesifazane bavela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, abalingani babo ngalesi sikhathi bahlala eziqongweni zezitshalo ezinomsila ophephile namaphiko, zivula umlomo wazo futhi “zicule”.
Ngeshwa, izingoma zesidumbu esinamabala aphuzi azizwakali ngomculo nhlobo. Le nyoni yenza imisindo emifushane, ephukayo, efana nesikhafu sensimbi yokusika ukwedlula isimemezelo sothando lwenyoni. Ezigungwini zaseWyoming, isidumbu esinamakhanda aphuzi simi phezu kwesiqu somhlanga, sibonisa indawo yaso yegolide elangeni.
Ngenhloso kancane, owesilisa uvula umsila wakhe ocwebezelayo. Ngenkathi intombi yakhe ibukele, yandisa amaphiko ayo ngokumangazayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ekhothama, ukuze ikhanda lakhe legolide lingathinti umsila wakhe, uvula umlomo wakhe futhi enze imisindo enyanyekayo kunazo zonke eyake yenziwa yinyoni.
Ngisho nabagxeki abazethembayo kakhulu bayavuma ukuthi, njengomculi, isidumbu esinamabala aphuzi ngokusobala asenzekanga, futhi amakhonsathi akhe aheha abesifazane kuphela. Isazi semvelo uW.
UDawson uchaze iculo lesidumbu esinamakhanda aphuzi ngokuthi "ukukhala kobuhlungu obukhulu, obufanelwe yidlozi elifayo." Kubukeka sengathi umbhali ongaphezulu koyedwa obuye achaze indlela yokuzalela kwezinyoni zamachibi namachibi agqunywe ngomhlanga ngeke kusize kodwa ukugcizelela umehluko phakathi kokucula okuyisimilo nokuthandana okucasulayo okumangalisayo.
Abesifazane bafika ezikhungweni zezidleke maduze kunabesilisa. Izinsolo ezinamakhanda aphuzi, ezihlala ezindaweni ezintsha, azixoshi izinyoni ezisencane kubantwana bangaphambilini. Zivumela izihlobo zazo ukuba ziphile, ezisiza ukuheha izintokazi ezithandana nomunye umuntu wesilisa futhi zondle izingane ezintsha.
Ukukhiqizwa kwesidumbu esinamakhanda aphuzi
Izidumbu ezinamakhanda aphuzi zivame esidlekeni emakoloni. Insikazi yakhela isidleke esinamanzi emhlanga phezu kwamanzi. Kubukeka njengesitsha esinezindonga eziwugqinsi zeziqu namaqabunga futhi silenga ebangeni le-0.
3-1. Amamitha ayi-8 ukusuka ebusweni bamanzi. Ukwakhiwa kwesidleke kuthatha izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezine.
Hatching ihlala izinsuku eziyi-11-13. Amakati aqala ukushaqeka. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-9 ukuya ku-12 bashiya isidleke.
Bobabili abazali bondla izingane. Ezinsukwini ezine zokuqala, bamane bakhipha ukudla okugaywe isigamu emilonyeni yabo eshisiwe. Ukuvama kokudla kuncike enanini lokudla elethwe ngabazali esidlekeni.
Ama-thrushes anombala ophuzi akwazi ukondla izingane eyodwa kuphela ngesizini, futhi kuyaqabukela kabili.
Izici zokuziphatha kwesidumbu esinamakhanda aphuzi
Izidumbu ezinamakhanda aphuzi zinezidleke emakoloni, kwesinye isikhathi zikhulu kakhulu ngamanani. Lezi izinyoni zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzalela. Izinyoni zihlala eduze kwemizimba enamanzi ajulile futhi zihlala ndawonye ngezinsimbi ezinamaphiko abomvu, ezigcwele zingene emaphethelweni angagudluki ezixhaphozi.
I-thrush enamakhanda aphuzi ijwayelekile eNyakatho Melika, kanye naseCentral America.
Amanzi ajulile avikela izinyamazane ezinjengama-raccoon kanye nesikeki, futhi ukuhlala emakoloni kunciphisa amathuba okuhlaselwa oklebe kanye namagwababa. Noma isiphi isiphithiphithi noma i-hawk endizela eduze koloni kufanele sibhekane nefu lonke lezinyoni ezimnyama neziphuzi ezivikela imingcele yendawo yazo yokuhlala. Kulesi simo, izisulu ezinemibala zithanda ukushiya indawo enendawo yokuhlala ngaphambi kokuba umhlambi wonke wezinhloko ezinombala ophuzi uzihlasele.
Ngenkathi kungabikho ukufuduka, abesilisa bavame ukwakha imihlambi ehamba ngokwehlukana kwabesilisa nabesifazane abancane. Ebusika, izidumbu ezinamakhanda aphuzi zakha imihlambi emikhulu kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni.
Ukubaluleka komnotho kwesidumbu esinamakhanda aphuzi kubantu
Izidumbu ezinamakhanda aphuzi zibhubhisa izinambuzane zezitshalo zezolimo, ngaleyo ndlela zandisa isivuno sezilimo. Lezi zinyoni zibaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni isikhonyane. Entwasahlobo, izidumbu ezinombala ophuzi zidla imbewu yezinhlamvu ezitshalwe abalimi emasimini, okwenza umonakalo ezitshalweni zezolimo.
Izidumbu ezinamakhanda aphuzi zilimaza izilimo zezolimo.
Isimo sokugada isidumbu esinamakhanda aphuzi
Izidumbu ezinamakhanda aphuzi zibhebhetheke impela kuyo yonke indawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo. Ezindaweni ezisempumalanga nezisenkabeni yobubanzi, ngisho nokunyuka kwesibalo sezinyoni kuyabonakala. Kepha sekujwayelekile, ukwehla kwenani labantu besidumbu esinamakhanda aphuzi kubantu abangaphezulu kuka-2% ngonyaka ngenxa yezinguquko kule ndawo.
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