Umzimba ophakeme oguqukayo walezi zilwane uguqulwa ngokuphelele ukubhukuda okusheshayo. Izinhlobo eziningi zinama-paws amafushane afakwe ulwelwesi. Umsila, obukhulu esisekelweni bese uthinta ubheke ngasekupheleni, umbozwe ngokuphelele izinwele, kwezinye izinhlobo unwebekile ohlangothini oluqondile.
Inhloko yawo wonke ama-otter iyancanyana, ama-vibrissae amaningana akhula ezungeze ekhaleni nasezindongeni. Izindlebe zincanyana futhi ziyindilinga, zivala lapho uhudula. Izinhlobo eziningi zinamakhaza. I-undercoat eminyene kakhulu (izinwele ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-70 nge-1 cm2) nezinwele ezinde zangaphandle ezibamba umoya zivikela izilwane kwi-hypothermia emanzini.
Yazi eminye imibono eduze.
Umfula (Okuvamile) Otter
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu futhi ezaziwa kabanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi kokubhujiswa kwayo ngekhulu le-XIX, indawo okwakhiwe kuyo umfula i-otter yayikhudlwana futhi yandiswa ukusuka e-Ireland yaya eJapan futhi isuka eSiberia yaya eSri Lanka. Namuhla kutholakala iningi le-Eurasia eningizimu ye-tundra, kanye naseNyakatho Afrika.
Ubude bomzimba walolu hlobo buyi-57-70 cm, isisindo akuvamile ukuba ngaphezu kwe-10 kg. Uboya bumsundu, umphimbo kusuka onsundu kuya kombala wekhilimu. Izinduna zakhiwe kahle, izinzipho zinamandla. Umsila ungama-35-40 cm ubude, angama-cylindrical, awugqinsi phansi.
Kufanekiselwa ama-otter emfuleni kwiNovosibirsk Zoo.
Lutra lutra
ISumatran Otter
Ihlala emifuleni nasemachibini aseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Lutra sumatrana
Ingaphezulu loboya bumsundu omnyama, ezansi zilula, umphimbo uvame ukumhlophe. Izindwangu ezisezandleni zikhule kahle, izinzipho ziqinile. Ikhala le-Sumatran otter, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, limbozwe ngokuphelele izinwele.
Usomandla wase-Asia Otter
Sisasazwe eNdiya, eSri Lanka, eningizimu yeChina, e-Indochina, e-Indonesia. Akutholakali emifuleni kuphela, kepha nasemasimini erayisi agcwele amanzi.
Aonyx cinerea
Ukubukeka okuncane kakhulu, ubude bomzimba ngokwesilinganiso esingu-45 cm. Uboya bukhanya bumsundu omnyama, umphimbo uyabonakala kalula. Ama-paws mancane, ezizibeni zezingemuva ulwelwesi lufika kuphela ekuhlanganeni kokugcina kweminwe, izihlakala ziyindabuko.
Giant otter
Ihlala eSouth America.
Pteronura brasiliensis
Ubude bomzimba balezinhlobo bungafinyelela ku-123 cm, isisindo - 35 kg. Uboya obuphezulu bumnyama kakhulu, imvamisa kunezindawo ezinokhilimu ku-chin, umphimbo kanye nesifuba, izindebe nezintamo zimhlophe. Amadzala makhulu kakhulu futhi awugqinsi, ulwelwesi kanye nozipho athuthukiswe kahle. Umsila, obude bawo bungafinyelela ku-65 cm, uphakathi ububanzi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Lokhu mhlawumbe kuyizilwane ezingandile. Ngenxa yokuzingela okungalingani okwenzelwe uboya obuyigugu, i-otter enkulu yanyamalala ngaphezulu kobubanzi. Njengamanje, usongo olukhulu kakhulu kuye ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo yakhe yokuhlala.
I-otter yolwandle
I-otter yasolwandle itholakala eziqhingini zaseKuril nase-Aleutian, ugu lwaseNyakatho Melika ukusuka e-Alaska kuya eCalifornia. Ubude bomzimba bungafinyelela ku-130 cm, bese isisindo sawo sidlula i-otter enkulu. Ihluka kwabanye abamele i-subfamily emzimbeni omncanyana kakhulu nomsila omfushane. Funda kabanzi ngama-otter olwandle lapha.
I-Enhydra lutris
Cat otter
Ihlala emanzini agudle ugu oGwini Olusentshonalanga kwaseNingizimu Melika ukusuka ePeru kuye eCape Horn.
Lontra felina
Phakathi kwamanye ama-otter, uphuma phambili noboya obukhuni. Njenge-otter yolwandle, ihlala kuphela emanzini olwandle.
ICongo Somandla waseCongo
Kuhlala umgodi woMfula iCongo (i-Afrika).
Aonyx congicus
Uboya ngaphezulu bulinsundu, izihlathi nentamo kumhlophe. Egobeni elingenalo ulwelwesi, iminwe enamandla kakhulu evumela ukuthi wena uqondise izinto ngobuhlakani obungajwayelekile.
I-otter idlani?
I-otter inyamazane futhi idla ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi. Isisulu saso sakhiwa izinhlobo eziphansi ezihamba kancane, njenge-eel. Imvamisa ubamba amasele, amakhrayoni, amagundane amanzi, lesi silo singabamba ngisho idada noma ihansi.
Ama-Otter anesifo sokuqina komzimba. Umzimba emanzini ukhipha ukushisa ngokushesha okukhulu, okuholela kuzindleko eziphakeme zamandla. Ngosuku abadinga ukudla ngalo inani lezinhlanzi, aze afike ku-15% wesisindo sabo. Ngakho-ke, bachitha isikhathi esiningi impela bezingela - kusuka emahoreni amathathu kuya kwayi-5 ngosuku.
Ama-Otter ajwayele ukuzingela eyedwa. Izinhlobo ezithile kuphela (ezinkulu, ezinezinwele ezibushelelezi, eziseCanada nezinhlophe ezimhlophe) zisebenzisa amaqhinga weqembu wokuzingela.
Kulesi sithombe, i-otter, ngemuva kokuzingela okuyimpumelelo, yaphuma emanzini ukuyodla.
Indlela yokuphila ye-Otter
Ama-Otter kuphela ukuphela komuntu onempilo yokuphila kwe-amphibian. Babhukuda ngokushesha futhi bagxila ngokumangazayo. Zondla ikakhulu ngamanzi, kepha futhi zizizwa zikhululekile emhlabeni. Isibonelo, i-otter yomfula, ingahamba ngisho naseqhweni amahora amaningi ngokuqhubekayo.
Imvamisa, ama-otter ahlala emigodini, futhi ngasikhathi sinye ahlomise indawo yokuhlala ukuze ukungena kuwo kuvuleke ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi zenza into enjengethango emibhedeni yomhlanga.
Uma kunokudla okwanele esizeni lapho i-otter ihlala khona, ingahlala iminyaka eminingi. Kodwa-ke, uma amasheya ancishisiwe, isilwane sihamba siye ezindaweni "zesinkwa" ngaphezulu. Ngokungeziwe emgodini oyinhloko endaweni yesilwane esiqondayo, kunezindawo zokukhosela ezingeziwe lapho ungacasha khona ezitheni eziningi - izimpungushe, amabhere, ama-wolverines, izimpisi, ama-lynxes, njll.
Ama-Otter asebenza ikakhulu kusihlwa nasebusuku, kepha futhi naphakathi nosuku, uma kungekho obakhathaza, bangaya ekuzingeleni.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-otter abonakala ngamazinga ahlukene wobuntu. Ngakho-ke, uma ama-otter asolwandle ekwazi ukwakha amaqembu ahlukile, futhi ama-otter angamaduna aseCanada akha amaqembu abizwa ngokuthi yi-bachelor of 10-12 yabantu, khona-ke ama-otter asemfuleni ancamela ukuziphilela yedwa. Abesifazane abanamawundlu bahlala endaweni evamile nabanye besifazane, noma kunjalo ngamunye uvikela owakhe umkhawulo omncane. Iziza zabesilisa zikhulu kakhulu futhi zigqagqana nezinkundla zezinsikazi eziningana. Abesifazane nabesilisa bahlangana isikhathi esifushane kakhulu esikhathini sokuzalela. Abesilisa ababambi iqhaza ekukhuliseni inzalo futhi bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi emifuleni emikhulu nasezindaweni ezivulekile zogu lolwandle. Izinsikazi zithanda imifula emincane nemikhondo evikelekile.
Abesifazane be-otter ejwayelekile bangomama abakhathalela kakhulu. Amawundlu ahlala nonina aze afike eminyakeni eyi-1. Ngalesi sikhathi, ubafundisa ukudoba. Ukudoba kuwubuciko bangempela, futhi ekupheleleni, ama-otter asemancane awukhulisa kuphela ngonyaka nengxenye.
Ama-Otter akhuluma kakhulu. Kuma-otter ajwayelekile, amasiginali omsindo ajwayelekile angamakhwela aphezulu phakathi komama namawundlu. Ngesikhathi sokulwa, izilwane zingadonsa njengamakati, futhi abantu abethukile bavame ukukhukhumala. Ngesikhathi semidlalo, i-twittering yazo isakazeka kude.
Ukulondolozwa ngokwemvelo
Uboya be-otter buhle futhi buhlala isikhathi eside, yingakho esikhathini esidlule lezi zilwane zabulawa yonke indawo. Zaphinde zacekelwa phansi ukuze kunqandwe ukwehliswa kwezitoko zezinhlanzi. I-otter ejwayelekile ayisatholakali emazweni amaningi lapho yayivame khona (isibonelo, eNetherlands, eBelgium naseSwitzerland). Futhi namhlanje, lapho zonke izinhlobo zama-otter zifakwe ku-Red Book yamazwe omhlaba, amanani awo aqhubeka ehla ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwezidumbu zamanzi.
Ukubukeka
I-otter yomfula, ejwayelekile kubantu baseRussia, inomzimba omude futhi oguquguqukayo kakhulu, oyivumela ukuba ibhukude kakhulu. Ubude bama-otter buphakathi kuka-55-95 cm ngaphandle komsila. Umsila uqobo ngokwawo futhi umude impela, ngokwesilinganiso kusuka ku-25 kuye ku-55 cm. Isilwane esidala sinesisindo esingama-6-10 kg. Ama-otter anezikhafu ezibukhali kakhulu, futhi kukhona izingqimba zokubhukuda phakathi kweminwe.
Umbala wesikhumba se-otter ungabonakali, onsundu. Futhi ingxenye engezansi yomzimba nohlangothi lubonakala lula, kufinyelela kumthunzi omhlophe noma wesiliva. Lezi zilwane zasemfuleni zine-undercoat eminyene kakhulu futhi ethambile, engavumeli amanzi ukungena esikhunjeni ngenkathi kubhukuda. Ngakho-ke, i-otter ihlala ivikelekile ku-hypothermia.
Hhayi kuphela ulwelwesi emilenzeni, kepha nomsila omude oguqukayo, ukwakheka komzimba kanye nama-valve ezindlebeni nasekhaleni, okuwavikela emanzini, asize ukubhukuda umfula i-otter.
Habitat
Umfula i-otter uhlala endaweni yesimo sezulu esishisayo, eduze nemifula egcwele izilwane ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi. Ukhetha imifula yamahlathi, ekude namakhaya abantu ahlala njalo. Lezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo zifuna indawo ezivalekile enezivunguvungu kanye nama-riffles okuziphilisa, ngoba amanzi awabandi kuzo ebusika. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi ama-otter awahlali emachibini amancane nasemachibini, adonswa kalula eqhweni yiqhubu leqhwa.
Ama-otter River ahlala osebeni lwalezo imifula lapho ungacasha khona kalula ngamehlo enyama. Izimbobo zazo zivame ukutholakala ngendlela yokuthi zingafinyelelwa kuphela ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi ama-otter angena emihumeni yemvelo yemvelo yezindlu.
Isimo sezinhlobo ngokwemvelo
Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2000, i-otter ejwayelekile ifakiwe ohlwini lwe-International Union for Conservation of Nature njengohlobo “olusengozini”.
Ukuthuthukiswa kogu, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukungcoliswa kwemifula ngokukhucululwa kwendle, ukudoba okusebenzayo - konke lokhu kunciphisa ama-otter endawo ababehlala kuyo kanye nokunikezwa kokudla. Isikhathi eside, ama-otter acekelwa phansi ngokungenamusa ngenxa yoboya bawo obuhle obungenamanzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani eliphelele lama-otter ahlala emvelweni lehlile kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane emisebenzini yezolimo nakho kuthinta kabi isibalo sazo.
Indlela yokuphila
Ama-Otter aphila impilo enhle kakhulu, okungukuthi, athanda ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini. Kodwa-ke, abathandi ukuhamba ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-100 ukusuka emabhange omfula, ngoba ama-otter azizwa esengozini kakhulu kude namanzi. Ama-otter omfula ajwayele ukuhlala iminyaka endaweni eyodwa. Kepha lokhu kuphela uma kunokudla okuningi kule ndawo. Ukwehla okukhulu kwesilinganiso sokudla, i-otter iqala ukubheka enye indawo yokuhlala.
Ama-Otter aqaphela kakhulu futhi anokuqonda. Ngokungezelela emgodini ophambili, zibuye zibe nezinye ezingeziwe ezikuvumela ukuba ucashe ngokushesha kwizinyathi ezinkulu zamahlathi - izimpisi, izimpisi, amabhere nezimpungushe. Lezi zilwane ezi-fluffy zithanda ukuzingela kusihlwa nasebusuku, kepha uma kunesidingo, uma kungekho ongazithusa, hamba uyozingela ntambama. Ama-otter River ahola indlela yokuphila eyedwa, futhi aphilele esimweni semvelo kuze kube iminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu.
Buka futhi ndoda
Kumephu yesifunda saseTver kukhona indawo ehlala abantu basemakhaya iVydropuzhsk, enabantu abangama-505. Idolobhana lisemgwaqweni iMoscow - iSt. Ngokwenye inguqulo, igama laqhamuka encazelweni yendawo lapho ama-otter atholakala khona ngokukhululeka.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, izikhumba ze-otter zazisetshenziswa njengempahla yokushintshana, ngokwesibonelo, izihlangu zasendulo zamaViking zazithengisa izihlangu zayo. I-otter isilwane soboya obaluleke kakhulu, uboya bayo buthathwa buhle, buqinile futhi buyamasokisi. Ijazi loboya elenziwe ngoboya be-otter lingagqokwa kuze kufinyelele eminyakeni engama-30, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, uboya bunempahla emangalisayo - "ayinamanzi". Ekudingisweni, abafundanga ukulima ama-otter, babevame ukuzingela izilwane, babulale izinkulungwane ngenxa yoboya babo, kepha manje ukuloba kuyenqatshelwa, ngoba sebeyizilwane ezivikelwe.
Kodwa hhayi kuphela uboya obubalulekile obudonsela ukunaka komuntu kuma-otter. Kuyavela ukuthi bangasetshenziswa njengabasizi bokudoba. Ama-tter otter ale nhloso aqala emakhathini amaningi edlule. Ezikhathini zasendulo amaShayina, amaNdiya, amaJalimane kanye nabaseBrithani bakwenza lokhu, bethengisa isilwane esincane, bekhulisa nomsizi wokudoba kuso. Futhi namuhla, kwamanye amazwe ase-Eshiya, abantu bendawo badonsa amaqembu e-otter ukudoba inetha. Izilwane ezinkulu ezindala zigcinwa emafutheni amade, kanti nezilwane ezisencane ezikhulayo zibhukuda ngokukhululekile, ngoba imvamisa azihambi kude nabazali bazo.
Umsoco
Isabelo sokudla sama-otter asemifuleni sehlukahlukene kakhulu, kepha nokho iningi lazo zinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezihamba kancane. Isibonelo, imigodi yodaka noma izidumbu. Umuthi okhethekile wama-otters yi-salmon e-spawning. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngokumlandela, ama-otter ahamba amabanga amade kakhulu. Inqubo yokugaya ukudla kwalesi siminyaminya esincane nayo iyathakazelisa. Ngokumangazayo, ukudla okudliwayo kudlula ngokuphelele emathunjini e-otter ngehora elilodwa nje.
Ama-otter omfula awadeleli ama-crustaceans ahlukahlukene, ama-mollusks, izimbungulu zamanzi, ama-mussels nama-amphibians. Ziphinde zidle amaqanda ezinyoni noma amaqanda ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zasemfuleni (ama-beavers, ama-muskrats) ngentokozo. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni ziya kubo ukudla kwasemini. Kungaba ngamadada, goose noma ezinye izinyoni ezilimele eziye zaphelelwa amandla okundiza.
Esikhathini sobusika obubandayo, ama-otter azingela ngempumelelo izinhlanzi ngqo ngaphansi kweqhwa, lapho ungqimba olukhulu lomoya lukhona ngenxa yokwehla kwezinga lamanzi.
Ukuzala
Ama-otter omfula ahlala ngababili isikhathi esifushane kakhulu futhi ngezinhloso zokuzalela kuphela. Isikhathi sokuzala sisentwasahlobo. Ezintweni ezihlala esimweni sezulu esifudumele, isikhathi sesigaba sokugcina sokukhulelwa, lapho ukukhula kwesibeletho kumisa khona, kungafinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-250 noma ngaphezulu. Okusho ukuthi, ukufakwa esifubeni kowesifazane kungavela ngaphambi kwesikhathi sentwasahlobo. Isibonelo, ngoJanuwari noma nje entwasahlobo elandelayo.
Esihlungwini esisodwa, kuzalwa amawundlu amabili kuya nane ahlala eyimpumputhe futhi engenakusiza inyanga yonke. Futhi-ke bahlala nonina isikhathi eside, abafundise ngokucophelela amakhono abo okudubula.
Ngeshwa, inani lama-otter manje selincipha emazweni amaningi. Phambilini, lokhu bekubangelwa ukuthi babeqothulwa ngenkuthalo ngenxa yoboya obuqinile nobuhle, kanye nokugcina amasheya ezinhlanzi. Manje, ukungcola okuhamba kancane kwamachibi akude asehlathini sekuyisitha esikhulu sama-otter river.
Isilwane eMoses Zoo
Ama-otter ethu asehlale isikhathi eside e-zoo, angabizwa nangokuthi ama-time-time. Izilwane, yize zindala kakhulu (uGavril wesilisa wazalwa ngonyaka we-2007, kanye noFrozen besifazane ngo-2005), zijabulisa izivakashi njengezincane, futhi zize zibahlelele "show" - ziyagxuma, zime ngamakholomu, zisongele amanzi ngezinkalo. Ama-Otter ayithanda kakhulu indlela ababhukudi echibini 'abopha ngayo imitha', bebhukuda emhlane wabo kusukela kolunye uhlangothi lwendiza kuya kolunye. Indawo ebiyelwe nge-otter iyindawo ebanzi, ihlanganisa amachibi amathathu amancane ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nobunzulu bamanzi agobhozayo. Izilwane zinethuba lokucasha ekunakekeleni izivakashi, zingakwazi ukucasha ngasiphi isikhathi ezindlini zokukhosela ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ezincane zesikwere, zivalwe ngumnyango werabha osobala, futhi zibekwe ngaphansi kodonga lwamapulangwe lwendiza.
Ama-otter ethu ayazijabulisa: angakwazi ukuzingela ondlunkulu namadada endiza ezindizeni, noma bangabhukuda, babambe izidumbu eziphilayo ezethulwe echibini ngokukhethekile.
Bondla ama-otter ngenhlanzi, isibindi, inhliziyo yenkomo, bakhetha ama-apula ezithelo, bathanda izaqathe. Babuye bathola nokugqoka okuphezulu, okudla kufafazwe ngefulawa equkethe amavithamini namaminerali.
I-Otter
I-Otter - ummeleli omelwe ukwenziwa umndenini womndeni. Lesi akusona nje isilwane esinoboya nje kuphela futhi esibukeka simnandi, kepha futhi siyisibhukudi esihle sokungakhathali, isiziba, umhlaseli ohlakaniphile, futhi siyimpi yangempela, silungele ukulwa nomdwebi. Amanzi ayinto ye-otter, ukuduma kwezinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans nezimbaza. Esikhaleni se-Intanethi, i-otter ithandwa kakhulu, lokhu akubangelwa ukubukeka kwayo okukhangayo kuphela, kodwa futhi nesimo sayo sokudlala esinomdlandla.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
I-otter isilwane esidliwayo esiqhamuka emndenini wobulawe. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo eziyi-12 ezahlukahlukene kuhlobo lwama-otter, yize ziyaziwa eziyi-13. Izinhlobo zaseJapan zalezi zilwane ezithokozelayo sezinyamalele ngokuphelele emhlabeni wethu.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, kepha ezaziwa kakhulu yilezi:
- i-otter yomfula (evamile),
- I-otter yaseBrazil (umdondoshiya),
- i-otter yolwandle (i-sea otter),
- ISumatran otter,
- I-Asiatic otter (akukho bhungane)
I-otter yomfula isabalele kakhulu, sizokuqonda izici zayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kepha sizofunda ezinye zezimpawu mayelana nohlobo ngalunye lwenhla.I-otter enkulu yahlala e-Amazon, imane ithanda izindawo ezishisayo. Kanye nomsila, ubukhulu bawo bungamamitha amabili, kanti umhlaseli onjalo unesisindo esingama-20 kg. Amaphawundi anamandla, ahlanganile, uboya besithunzi esimnyama. Ngenxa yalokho, inani lama-otters lehlile kakhulu.
Ama-sea otter, noma ama-sea otter, abizwa nangokuthi ama-beaver olwandle. Ama-sea otter ahlala eKamchatka, eNyakatho Melika, eziQhingini zase-Aleutian. Mikhulu kakhulu, isisindo sabesilisa sifinyelela kuma-35 kg. Lezi zilwane zihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi zinomsebenzi omuhle. Bafaka ukudla kwabo ephaketheni elikhethekile elingaphansi kwesihlahla sangaphambi kwesokunxele. Ukudla ama-mollusks, ahlukanisa amagobolondo awo ngamatshe. I-otter yolwandle nayo ivikelwe, manje inani layo lenyuke kancane, kepha ukuyizingela kuhlala kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele.
Ihlala kuphi i-otter?
Isithombe: UMfula Otter
I-otter itholakala kunoma yiliphi izwekazi ngaphandle kwelase-Australia. Ziyizilwane zasemanzini ezinamanzi, ngakho-ke zikhetha ukuhlala kwazo eduze namachibi, imifula nezixhaphozi. Amachibi angahluka, kepha into eyodwa ihlala ingashintshiwe - kungukuhlanzeka kwamanzi nokugeleza kwawo. I-otter ngeke ihlale emanzini angcolile. Ezweni lethu, i-otter isakazeke yonke indawo; ihlala ngisho naseFar North, eChukotka.
Indawo ethathwa yi-otter inganweba amakhilomitha ambalwa (ifinyelela ku-20). Izindawo ezincane kunazo zonke zivame ukuhlangana nemifula futhi zihlala cishe amakhilomitha amabili. Izindawo eziningi ezibanzi zitholakala eduze kwemifudlana yezintaba. Kwabesilisa yinde kakhulu kunabesifazane, ukuhlangana kwabo kuvame ukubonwa.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: I-otter efanayo engxenyeni yayo ivame ukuba nezindlu eziningana lapho ichitha khona isikhathi. Lezi zidlova azakhi izindlu zazo. Ama-Otter ahlala emifantweni ehlukahlukene phakathi kwamatshe, ngaphansi kwama-rhizomes ezitshalo eceleni kwekhola.
Izindawo zokukhosela ezinjalo zivame ukuba nezindawo zokuphepha eziningana. Futhi, ama-otter ajwayele ukusebenzisa izindlu ezishiywe ngotshwala, ezihlala kuzo ngokuphepha. I-otter ihlakaniphile kakhulu futhi ihlala inekhaya eliyigcinayo. Kuzoba wusizo uma ngabe indawo yokukhosela yayo eyinhloko isendaweni yezzikhukhula.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Indlela yokuphila yama-otter yasemanzini ye-otter iyilolonge kakhulu indlela yayo yokuphila nomlingiswa. I-otter inaka kakhulu futhi iyaqaphela. Unokuzwa okukhulu, umuzwa wokuhogela nokubona okuhle. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-otter luphila ngendlela yalo. I-otter yomfula ojwayelekile ithanda indlela yokuphila ebambekile, umhlaseli onjalo onamalebe uthanda ukuhlala yedwa, ehlala endaweni yakhe, lapho ahlala khona ngempumelelo.
Lezi zilwane zisebenza kakhulu futhi ziyadlala, zibhukuda njalo, zingahamba amabanga amade ngezinyawo, ukuzingela nakho kuyasendlini. Ngaphandle kokuqapha kwakhe, otter unesimo esijabulisayo kakhulu, unesasasa nomsizi. Ehlobo, ngemuva kokubhukuda, azihambi ngokushisa imithambo yazo elangeni, zibambe imifudlana yemisebe efudumele. Futhi ebusika, ukujabulisa izingane okwandayo njengokushushuluza intaba akuyona into ehlukile kubo. Ama-Otter athanda ukuzulazula ngale ndlela, eshiya umkhondo omude eqhweni.
Uhlala esiswini sabo, abasisebenzisa njenge-ice floe. Zigibela zisuka emaphethelweni ehlobo ehlobo, ngemuva kwazo zonke izindlela zokuzijabulisa ezishayelela phezulu emanzini. Ngenkathi ugibela ezikhangisweni ezinjalo, ama-otter ukuncenceza okuhlekisayo nokushaya ikhwela. Kunombono wokuthi lokhu abakwenzi hhayi ukuzijabulisa nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuhlanza ijazi labo loboya. Ubuningi bezinhlanzi, amanzi ahlanzekile futhi agelezayo, izindawo ezingenakutheleka ezingenalutho - lokhu kuyisihluthulelo sendawo yokuhlala ejabulisayo yanoma iyiphi i-otter.
Uma kunokudla okwanele endaweni ethandiwe ye-otter, khona-ke ingahlala ngempumelelo lapho isikhathi eside. Isilwane sithanda ukuhamba ezindleleni ezifanayo. I-otter ayixhunyiwe ngokuqinile endaweni ethile yokufakwa kwayo. Uma ukudla kutholakala ukuthi kuyindlala, leso silwane siqhubeka nohambo ukuze sithole indawo efanelekile yokuhlala lapho kungeke kube nezinkinga ngokudla. Ngakho-ke, i-otter ingahamba amabanga amade. Noma kuqhwa eqhweni naseqhweni elijulile ngosuku, lingashintsha 18 km 20 km.
Qiniseka ukuthi wengeza ukuthi ama-otter ajwayele ukuthunyelwa ukuyozingela ebusuku, kepha hhayi njalo. Uma i-otter izizwa iphephe ngokuphelele, ingaboni noma yiziphi izinsongo, khona-ke iyasebenza futhi inamandla cishe ubusuku nemini - umthombo onjalo opholile futhi o-mustachioed, ongapheli wobungqabavu namandla!
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Animal Otter
Ukuxhumana kanye nokuxhumana kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-otter kunezimpawu zawo nokwehluka. Isibonelo, ama-sea otter, ahlala emaqenjini lapho kukhona owesilisa nowesifazane. Futhi i-otter yaseCanada ithanda ukwakha amaqembu kuphela abesilisa, amaqembu abalekelelayo, angena ezilwaneni eziyishumi kuya kweziyi-12.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: Ama-otter omfula awashadile. Izinsikazi, kanye nezinsana zazo, zihlala endaweni efanayo, kepha owesilisa ngamunye uzama ukwehlukanisa indawo yakhe ehlukile kuyo. Ezimpahla zowesilisa kukhona izindawo zendawo enkudlwana lapho ahlala khona yedwa kuze kube kuqala inkathi yokuzalela.
Imibhangqwana yakheka isikhathi esifushane sokuzala, bese eyeduna ibuyela empilweni yayo ejwayelekile yamahhala, ingathathi ingxenye ngokuphelele ekuxhumaneni nezingane zayo. Isikhathi sokufuya ngokuvamile senzeka entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo. Owesilisa wahlulela ukulungela kowesifazane ukuba aqalwe kabusha, ngamamaki akhe athile anukayo ashiywe. Umzimba wama-otter ulungele ukuzalaniswa ngeminyaka emibili (kwabesifazane), iminyaka emithathu (emadodeni) yempilo. Ukuwina intokazi yenhliziyo, ama-ottera we-cavalier avame ukwenza izimpi ezingakhathali
Owesifazane uphethe amathole izinyanga ezimbili. Kuze kuzalwe izingane ezi-4, kepha kuvamisile ukuthi kube ezi-2 kuphela zazo. Umama we-otter unakekela kakhulu futhi ukhulisa izingane zakhe kuze kube unyaka. Izingane zizalwa zivele ngejazi loboya, kepha aziboni ngalutho, zinesisindo esingama-100 g. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, ziqala ukubona kahle futhi ukuqala kwazo kuqala.
Eduze nezinyanga ezimbili, asevele aqala ukuqeqeshwa kokubhukuda. Esikhathini esifanayo, amazinyo abo ayakhula, okusho ukuthi baqala ukudla ukudla kwabo. Ngokufanayo, zincane kakhulu futhi zingaphansi kwezingozi ezahlukahlukene, noma zinezinyanga eziyisithupha zihlala eduze konina. Umama ufundisa inzalo yakhe ukudoba, ngoba impilo yazo incike kulokhu. Kuphela lapho izingane ziba nonyaka owodwa ubudala lapho zivuthwa ngokuphelele futhi zibe ngabantu abadala, zilungele ukubhukuda mahhala.
Izitha Zemvelo Zase-Otter
Isithombe: UMfula Otter
Ama-Otter aphila impilo eyimfihlo, azama ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingenakutheleka kude nezindawo zokuhlala zabantu. Noma kunjalo, lezi zilwane zinezitha ezanele.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesilwane kanye nenkundla yokuhlala yayo, kungaba:
Imvamisa bonke laba abangahambi kahle bahlasela izilwane ezincane nezingenalwazi. Ngisho ne-fox ingafaka ingozi kuma-otter, yize ivame ukunaka i-otter elimele noma ebanjwe ugibe. I-otter iyakwazi ukuzivikela ngesibindi, ikakhulukazi lapho impilo yamawundlu ayo isengozini. Kunezimo lapho engena empini ne-alligator futhi ephuma kuyo ephumelela. Umuntu otter othukuthele unamandla kakhulu, unesibindi, agile futhi uyisimungulu.
Noma kunjalo, ingozi enkulu kune-otter abantu. Futhi iphuzu lapha alikhona kuphela ekuzingeleni nasekuphishekeleni uboya be-chic, kodwa futhi nasemisebenzini yabantu. Ebamba kakhulu izinhlanzi, angcolisa indawo ezungezile, wenza kanjalo aqothule i-otter, esengozini yokuqothulwa.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Animal Otter
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi isibalo sama-otters sehle ngokudabukisayo, inani labo manje selisengozini. Yize lezi zilwane zihlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwelase-Australia, yonke indawo i-otter ingaphansi kwesimo sokuvikela futhi ibhalwe ku-Red Book. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinhlobo zaseJapan zalezi zilwane ezimangazayo zanyamalala ngokuphelele ebusweni boMhlaba emuva ngonyaka ka-2012. Isizathu esiyinhloko salesi simo esidabukisayo sabantu ngumuntu. Imisebenzi yakhe yokuzingela nezomnotho ibeka engcupheni laba bantu abahlaseli bezinja. Izikhumba zabo ezibalulekile ziheha abazingeli eziholele ekubhujisweni kwenani elikhulu lezilwane. Ikakhulu ebusika, abazingeli bezimpukane.
Izimo ezingezinhle zemvelo nazo zithinta ama-otter. Uma izidumbu zamanzi zingcoliswa, kusho ukuthi inhlanzi iyanyamalala, kanti otter akanakho ukudla, okuholela izilwane ekufeni. Ama-otter amaningi awela enetheni lokudoba futhi afe, afakwe kuwo. Muva nje, abadobi baye baqothula i-otter ngesihluku ngoba idla izinhlanzi. Emazweni amaningi, i-otter ejwayelekile manje ayikaze itholakale, yize ngaphambili yayigcwele lapho. Lokhu kufaka iBelgium, iNetherlands neSwitzerland.
I-Otter Guard
Photo: Otter ebusika
Zonke izinhlobo zama-otter okwamanje zikuNcwadi Yomhlaba Wonke Ezibomvu. Ezindaweni ezithile, inani labantu lenyuka kancane (ulwandle), kepha ngokuvamile isimo siyadabukisa. Ukuzingela, vele, akuqhutshwa njengakuqala, kepha imizimba eminingi yamanzi lapho i-otter ibihlala khona ingcoliswa kakhulu.
Ukuthandwa kwe-otter, okubangelwa idatha yayo yangaphandle ekhangayo kanye nesimilo sayo sokwethaba, kwenza abantu abaningi bacabange ngokwengeziwe ngosongo abantu abalubeka kulesi silwane esithandekayo. Mhlawumbe ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, isimo sizoshintsha sibe ngcono, futhi nenani lama-otter lizoqala ukukhula kancane kancane.
I-Otter ayigcini ngokusikhokhisa ngokuqiniseka nangomdlandla, kodwa futhi ifeza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wokuhlanza imizimba yamanzi, isebenze ngokuhleleka kwayo kwemvelo, Okokuqala, badla izinhlanzi ezigulayo nezingenamandla.
Incazelo
I-otter iyisilo esikhulu esinemizimba evulekile yokuguquguquka. Ubude bomzimba - 55-95 cm, umsila - 26-55 cm, isisindo - 6-10 kg. Amaphayi amafushane, anezinto zokubhukuda zokubhukuda. Umsila unomsipha, hhayi i-fluffy.
Umbala we-Fur: nsundu omnyama ngaphezulu, ukukhanya ngaphansi, isiliva. Izinwele ezisele zinama-coarse, kepha ingaphansi lingaphezulu futhi ligobile. Ubukhulu obuphakeme bangaphansi kwembatho benza uboya bungangeni emanzini futhi bufake ngokuphelele umzimba wesilwane, buwuvikele ku-hypothermia. Isakhiwo somzimba se-otter sikulungele ukubhukuda ngaphansi kwamanzi: inhloko eshaweni, imilenze emifushane, umsila omude.
Ama-Otter ayizilwane ezithandekayo, anemisindo ehlukahlukene: ukuxhumana nabanye, bayamemeza, i-yelp ne-yap, ngesikhathi somdlalo noma ubumnandi, bayakhala, ngenkathi bebiza izihlobo (ngokwesibonelo, ngamawundlu abo omama) bayancwina, futhi lapho besaba, bayakhala futhi badonsa . Ukulungiselela ukuhlaselwa, ama-otter akhipha ukukhala okude nokubhoboza, okukhumbuza ukugoba kwekati. Ama-Otter adilizwa ngabantu angadotshwa ukuze ondliwe.
Ukubhebhetheka
Ummeleli ovame kakhulu we-subfamily otter. Kwenzeka endaweni enkulu ehlanganisa cishe yonke iYurophu (ngaphandle kweNetherlands neSwitzerland), i-Asia (ngaphandle kweNhlonhlo yase-Arabia) kanye naseNyakatho Afrika. Kutholakala kuyo yonke indawo eRussia, kubandakanya naseFar North esifundeni saseMagadan, eChukotka.
Ukulandela okulandelayo Lutra lutra whiteleyi, owayehlala eJapan, kuthiwa wanyamalala ngonyaka we-2012 (okokugcina ukubonakala kwe-otter yaseJapan ngonyaka we-1979 eShikoku Island), kodwa ngoFebhuwari 2017 isicupho sekhamera esiqhingini saseTsushima saqopha ukunyakaza kwama-otter, futhi okunye ukusesha kwaqinisekisa ukuba khona kwabo ngesimo samathrekhi kanye nelitha . Kodwa-ke, izifundo ezengeziwe zikhombisile ukuthi laba akusibona abamele isibalo sabantu ababekade bengekho emhlabeni waseJapan, kodwa ama-otter ajwayelekile aqubuka lapha esuka eSouth Korea, lapho i-otter isengozini yokuqothulwa.
Isimo Sabantu Nokuvikelwa
Ukuzingela nokusetshenziswa kwezolimo kwezibulala zinambuzane kunciphise inani lama-otter. Ngo-2000, kwafakwa i-otter ejwayelekile kuLuhlu Olubomvu lwe-World Conservation Union (IUCN) njengohlobo “olusengozini”.
Izinhlobo lezi zibhalwe ku-Red Book of the Sverdlovsk, Samara, Saratov kanye neRostov, iRepublic of Tatarstan, iRiphabhliki yaseBashkortostan naseSt. I-subspecies nayo ibhalwe ku-Red Book. ICaucasian river otteruhlala eWestern Caucasus (Krasnodar Territory).
Lezi zilwane ezimangalisayo
I-otter (lat. Lutra) ibizwa ngokuthi isilwanyana esidliwayo esidonsela indlela yokuphila yasemanzini futhi singamalungu omndeni wokukholwa. I-subfamily ine-genera engu-5 nezinhlobo eziyi-17, phakathi kwazo edume kakhulu yi-otter (umfula), i-sea otter, i-sea otter, iBrazil (enkulu) neCaucasian otter. Zonke izinhlobo zalesi silwane zibhalwe kwi-Red Book yamazwe omhlaba: u-otter fur obalulekile udonse ukunaka kwabazingeli iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu.
Ukuchazwa kwama-otter of genera ahlukile kuyehluka ngezinhlobo. Ngakho-ke, ubude bomzimba wesilwane buqala kusuka kuma-55 kuye kuma-95 cm, kuyilapho buvumelana nezimo kakhulu, izicubu zomzimba futhi zinde. Ubude bomsila buqhamuka ku-22 kuye ku-55 cm, buwugqinsi phansi, buthinta ekugcineni, buthambile. Esikhulu kunazo zonke yi-otter yaseBrazil noma enkulu, ehlala ogwini lweAmazon ne-Orinoco: kanye nomsila, ubude balesi silwane bufika kumamitha amabili futhi isisindo sawo singaphezu kwamakhilogremu angamashumi amabili.
Ngakho-ke, i-otter enkulu ingummeleli omkhulu weqembu layo elingaphansi. Kuphela yi-otter yolwandle ehlala olwandle oluvulekile, okuthi, yize incane kunayo, inzima kakhulu, ingancintisana nalo.
I-otter encane kunazo zonke, eyasempumalanga, ihlala emaxhaphozini ase-Eshiya. Ubude bomzimba wakhe ngomsila wakhe buqala ku-70 kuye ku-100 cm, futhi isisindo sakhe sisuka ku-1 kuye ku-5.5 kilos. Ngokuqondene nezilwane zasemanzini, olwandle oluncane kunazo zonke luhlala entshonalanga neNingizimu Afrika futhi lunesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-4,5.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nesisindo somzimba, lezi zilwane zinamaphaphu amakhulu, okuzivumela ukuba zihlale ngaphansi kwamanzi cishe imizuzu emine. Ukuze uthole ingxenye yomoya, lesi silwane asidingi ukuvela ngokuphelele: kwanele ukunamathisela isigaxa sekhala ebusweni - lokhu kunikeza i-otter ithuba lokugcwalisa ngokuphelele amaphaphu nge-oxygen bese ibuyela ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Ubuso besilwane bukhulu, izindlebe zincane. Ebusweni nasemadolweni kukhona ama-vibrissae, sibonga lapho inyamazane ibamba khona ukunyakaza okuncane kakhulu emanzini, kuyilapho isilo sithola cishe yonke imininingwane ngesinyamazane: ubukhulu baso, ijubane nokuthi siqhubekela kuphi. Lapho inyamazane ingaphansi kwamanzi, amathumbu ayo nokuvuleka kwendlebe kuvinjwe ama-valve, kuvimbe indlela yamanzi.
Ama-paws amafushane, iminwe emihlanu ixhumeke ulwelwesi lokubhukuda, ngenxa yokuthi lesi silwane sihamba ngokushesha emanzini, futhi ngokulandela inyamazane ikwazi ukubhukuda ngaphansi kwamanzi cishe amamitha angamakhulu amathathu. Imilenze yangemuva yinde kancanyana kuneyangaphambili - lokhu kunikeza isilwane ithuba lokubhukuda ngokubabazekayo.
Uboya be-otter buphawuleka ngokukhethekile: bunombala onsundu noma onsundu onsundu, kanye nesinongo esihle sesiliva esiswini. Izinwele zakhe zangaphandle zibumbene ngokweqile, kanti nengubo yangaphansi ithambile kakhulu futhi ayinambitheki uma uthintwa. Yinde kangangokuba yenza ukuba u-otter fur angangeni ngokuphelele emanzini futhi avikele ngokuphelele ekulweni ne-hypothermia.
Abazishiyi ama-otter abo ngaphandle kokubanaka isikhathi eside, baziphathe futhi zibenze busheleleze: uma bengakwenzi lokhu, ijazi lizoba lingcolile, bayeke ukufudumala, futhi isilwane sizofa ngokugcwala ngokweqile (i-otter ayinayo indawo yokugcina amafutha). Kusukela ohlangothini kubukeka sengathi isilwane siyadlala, ukuhlanza uboya ukungcola okuhlukahlukene. Ukugcwalisa ingaphansi yomoya ngomoya, ama-otter avame ukuwa bese akhwehlela emanzini.
Habitat
Abamele umndeni wakwaKunih ungabonakala ezindaweni eziningi emhlabeni wethu. I-aura yendawo yabo yokuhlala ihlanganisa cishe yonke i-Eurasia (ngaphandle kwalapho, iHolland, iSwitzerland kanye neNhlonhlo yase-Arabia), eNyakatho Afrika naseMelika.
I-otter yomfula ayihlali ndawo yonke indawo: okokuqala, ama-otter afuneka kakhulu ekuhlanzekeni, futhi ngenxa yalokho akahlali emachibini anodaka.Isimo sesibili, ngenxa yokuthi ama-otter eduze nedamu ngeke aqhubeke, ukuswela ukudla: lesi silwane sidla amakhrayoni, izinhlanzi, ama-mollusks nama-amphibians.
Endaweni eyodwa, lezi zilwane azihlali njalo. Ehlobo, bakhetha ukuhlala kusayithi elilodwa, basuke kulo lingabi ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayisithupha. Kepha ebusika, konke kuya ngokuthi amanzi aqandeka kangakanani: ama-otter awahlali emizimbeni yamanzi embozwe yiqhwa ngokuphelele. Uma indawo iqandiswe ngokuphelele, bayayishiya bese beyofuna indawo efanele yokugcina amanzi banganqoba amakhilomitha angaphezu kweshumi nambili futhi bawele izintaba. I-Caucasian otter ikhuphuka ngaphezu kwakho konke - izwa kahle endaweni ephakeme edlula amamitha ayinkulungwane ezimbili nengxenye.
Izimbobo zezimbobo azimbiwa zihlale emgodini we-beaver oshiyiwe, emihumeni yemvelo noma ezindlini ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla ezisogwini. Isilwane siyikhetha ngokucophelela indawo ukuthi ixazululwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ayibonakali futhi kunzima ukungena kuyo, futhi ungangena endlini ngendlela eyodwa, kuyaqabukela isilwane sihamba ngokwengeziwe. Ngokungeziwe emgodini oyinhloko, i-otter esakhiweni esigciniwe inezindawo zokukhosela eziningana, ziqhelelene kakhulu namanzi, kude nebanga lamamitha ayikhulu - futhi ungahlala isikhathi lapho umfula ugcwala futhi ugcwala indawo ezungezile.
Ahlala kanjani ama-otter?
Yize abaningi bebheka ama-otter njengezilwane zasebusuku, bangahle baphile impilo esebenzayo kusihlwa ngisho nosuku uma becabanga ukuthi abasengozini. Ngokuyisisekelo, lezi zilwane zithanda ukuhlala zodwa, okuwukuphela kwento engafani nabesifazane abanezingane - ama-otter amancane ahlala nonina isikhathi esingangonyaka futhi amshiya kuphela lapho esezozala futhi.
Phakathi kwama-otter kunezinhlobo ezingakuthandi ukuhlala zodwa. Isibonelo, i-otter enkulu evela ezihlotsheni zaseYurophu iyahluka ngoba iyasebenza phakathi nosuku, ayesabi kakhulu, ihlala ngamaqembu futhi iyazingela emaphaketheni: izilwane ezivela ezinhlangothini ezihlukile zishayela izinhlanzi ziye endaweni eyodwa.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-otter esebenzisa iningi lesikhathi sawo emanzini, amaningi awo azizwa esezingeni elifanele emhlabathini, okuyinto ayinyathela, eshiya ithrekhi evunguzayo, futhi imvamisa enza ukugxuma okude kwemitha nengxenye. Kepha eqhweni elixegayo ngenxa yemilenze emifushane ihamba nobunzima, esigxotsheni, inyongozelwe ngasikhathi sinye. Uma iqhwa lihlanganisiwe noma lingaphansi, ama-otter ehlukile agxuma ngokuntanta esiswini.
Futhi lezi zilwane zinamandla kakhulu futhi ziyadlala. Kude kude nezimbobo zawo ungathola "i-roller coaster" - igquma elinethrekhi eseluliwe, eyayilokhu isuka esilwaneni ihamba esiswini sayo. Kuleli gquma, isilwane sikhuphuka kaningana ngosuku bese sigibela ekwehleni. Obunye ubumnandi obuthandekayo ukubamba umsila wakho noma umlenze wakho wangemuva, uvame ukudlala ngenhlanzi ebanjiwe, bese uyidla.
Ehlobo, lapho kunokudla okuningi endaweni yokugcina amanzi, ama-otter ahlala endaweni eyodwa futhi awasuswa kude nendawo. Isilwane sidla izinhlanzi, amasele, imifantu, futhi sibamba namagundane ngisho nezinyoni. Izindawo zokuzingela ama-otter ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka zisuka kumakhilomitha amabili kuya kwayi-18 eceleni komfula namamitha ayi-100 ukusuka ogwini oluphakathi nezwe. Ebusika, uma inhlanzi ishiya noma iqhwa liqandeke, okwenza ukuthi ukuzingela kube nzima, lapho lifuna ukudla isilwane sikwazi ukuhlanganisa amakhilomitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-20 ngosuku.
Ukuhlala olwandle
Indlela yokuphila yama-sea otter yehlukile ngandlela thile naleyo ehlala eduze nezidumbu zamanzi amasha. Abamele lezinhlobo bahlala ikakhulu ogwini lwePacific lwaseNingizimu Melika futhi cishe zonke izingosi zalo (ngaphandle - olwandle) zincane ngosayizi: isisindo salo sisukela kumakhilogremu amathathu kuya kwayisithupha.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-otter yolwandle igwema imizimba yamanzi entsha futhi ihlale kuphela ogwini lolwandle. Isilwane sihlomisa indawo yokuhlala ogwini olunamadwala, lapho kuvunguza khona imimoya enamandla, futhi ingxenye yogu ihlala igcwala amanzi ngesikhathi sokuguguleka okukhulu (umgodi utholakala emngceleni wamazinga aphakeme kakhulu).
Izihlahla eziminyene noma izihlahla eziphansi zivame ukukhula ngasogwini - lokhu kumnika ithuba lokuhlomisa izitolo ezimbili emgodini: enye iye olwandle, enye ifike emhlabeni. Izinhlobo eziningi zibonakaliswa yindlela yokuphila yodwa, ngakho-ke zihlomisa amakhaya azo kude ibanga lamamitha angamakhulu amabili ukusuka kwelinye. Kuliqiniso, azibonisi ulaka kubantu abangabazi abahamba bangene emasimini abo. 
Ngokwemvelo yayo, i-otter yolwandle iyesabeka kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho akulula ukuyibona, noma ngabe iqiniso lokuthi, ngokungafani nomzala wasemfuleni, iphila impilo yansuku zonke, ihlala emanzini isikhathi sayo esiningi (ngaphandle kokushiya amanzi, iguqukele emhlane bese ibeka inyamazane esiswini, ngize ngidle). Lapho zizingela, i-otter yolwandle ingagibela kalula ifike kumamitha angamashumi amahlanu (futhi ikwenza ngokushesha okukhulu - ngemizuzwana eyi-15-30).
E-Inland, lesi silwane sisuswa ikakhulukazi lapho silanda inyamazane, ngenkathi singasuka ogwini ngesigamu sekhilomitha. U-otter wasolwandle ukhuphuka kahle emadwaleni asogwini, futhi uthanda nokuphumula emathangeni aminyene.
Otter Marten
I-otter yolwandle enkulu kunazo zonke ithathwa njenge-otter yolwandle ehlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho: ubude bomzimba wayo kanye nomsila wayo isuka kwimitha nengxenye. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi incane kancane kune-otter enkulu engamamitha amabili, inzima kakhulu - inesisindo somthamo wamakhilogremu angama-30, futhi isisindo sabanye abacabangi sifinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-45. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-otter olwandle angabizwa kuphela ngokuthi anombandela: ososayensi bathi ama-otter olwandle ayizinhlobo ezisondele kuma-otter.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezinwele zangaphandle, i-sea otter's yangaphandle ayivelakancane, kepha ingaphakathi layo likhulu kakhulu: u-otter fur ubhekwa njengobedlula zonke izilwane ezincelisayo - izinwele eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-100 ngesenti. Izandla zomzimba wesinyeni ezixhunywe ngama-membranes zifana namacembe amade, umsila umfushane, ama-paws, ngokungafani nama-otter ajwayelekile, awanaso isihlabathi.
Njengama-sea solter amaningi, ukhetha indlela yokuphila yesikhathi sasemini: ulala kakhulu ogwini ebusuku, kepha futhi angakhululeka emanzini, aboshwe ngogologo olwandle ukuze angathathwa ayiswe olwandle. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, i-otter yolwandle iyakwazi ukufinyelela isivinini esingafika ku-16 km / h, futhi icwila olwandle ifike kumamitha angama-55. Ukudla kwakhe akuthandayo ama-urchins olwandle kanye ne-shellfish. Kepha i-otter yolwandle ayinandaba nokuthi angawathola kanjani amanzi amasha: uyawathola ngokudla, futhi uma kunesidingo, angaphuza amanzi olwandle.
Lapho isemhlabeni, i-otter yolwandle ayifuduki, ngobunzima, igoba umzimba, futhi uma kungenzeka, yehla edwaleni esiswini sayo. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, ingagijima ibanga elithile futhi yenze ukugxuma okuningana.
ULutra nomuntu
Ngeshwa, endle, lezi zidlova zitholakala zincipha, ngakho-ke cishe zonke zazo zibhalwe kuNcwadi Ebomvu. Indima ebalulekile kulokhu yadlalwa ukuncishiswa kwamahlathi, ngenxa yokuthi umbuso wamandla kagesi, ukudoba okusebenzayo, okunciphisa inani lokudla, ukungcoliswa kwemifula, amachibi, izilwandle, izilwandle nezinye izinto ezigcina umhlaba wethu, kwaphazamiseka. Lesi silwane sonakaliswa kakhulu ngenxa yoboya baso obufudumele obukhulu, obukhulu futhi obuthambile - kwezinye izindawo abazingeli babacishe basicekela phansi.
Ukusindisa lokhu okubhalwe phansi, izazi zezilwane zivame ukukhulisa ama-otter ezimweni zokufakelwa, futhi lapho izilwane zifinyelela iminyaka ethile, ziyadedelwa ziye endle. Abanye abantu bazama nokuthola i-otter ekhaya. Yize lezi zilwane zinobuhlakani obukhulu futhi zithanjiswa kalula, i-otter yasekhaya akuyona into ebaluleke kunazo zonke: ukuyigcina ingekho lula, ikakhulukazi uma ungahlali endlini enkulu okungekho puli noma echibini. Ukugeza kuleli cala akulona ofanele ikakhulukazi, ngoba isilwanyana sigeza kaningi, emva kwalokho, ukuze some uboya, sinqwabela phansi (ngenkathi sikhetha amakhaphethi)
