Izixhobo zamakhorali zogu lwase-Australia ziyindawo ayithandayo hhayi kuphela kubantu abagxile ekujuleni kwe-scuba, kodwa futhi nezakhamizi eziningi zasolwandle eziyingozi. Lokhu akubandakanyi oshaka kuphela, ama-warthog kanye ne-jellyfish, kodwa futhi nezigaxa zemollusk ezibonakala zingenacala. Udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu nabo. Ukuluma kwabo kungabulala abantu.

Isigaxa se-poollous mollusks (Latin Conidae)

Manje emhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-500 zalezi mollusks. Zihlala olwandle olufudumele olwandle, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zingakhona ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu. Indawo oyithandayo kakhulu kula ma-gastropods yiGreat Barrier Reef. Ngenxa yalokhu, cishe unyaka nonyaka kukhona abantu abangama-2-3 ababulawa ukulunywa yilesi silwane.

Imollusk yathola igama layo lejometri ngenxa yesimo segobolondo esijwayelekile.

Amagobolondo amahle e-conical

Izingcingo zingabaphangi bangempela. Bazingela izikelemu ze-polychaete namanye ama-mollusk; ezinye izinhlobo zidla izinhlanzi. Umqondo othuthuke kakhulu ubasiza ukuba babone inyamazane, lapho kutholakala khona isitho esikhethekile enkambini yengubo phansi kwezinsika - osfradia. Noma kukude ngenhlonipho, angakuzwa ukungcola okuncane kwamakhemikhali namanzi bese eqala le track elingaphatheki.

Kwesinye isikhathi balinda inyamazane yabo, bayingcwatshwe esihlabathini, bese beyibopha ngamabheji angaphandle aqhamuka emaphethelweni ekhanda. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyakwazi ukwelula “ikhanda” lazo, ezithatha indlela yethangi elinobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-10.

Lapho isigaxa sisondela isisulu ngebanga elanele, siphonsa “ihabhu” lakhe kuso, ekugcineni kukhona izinyo elinobuthi. Onke amazinyo anobuthi azobekwa kwi-radula yemollusk (imishini esetshenziselwa ukuklaya nokugaya ukudla) bese kuthi lapho kutholwa inyamazane, omunye wayo akhishwe umphimbo. Ngemuva kwalokho uya ekuqaleni kwe-proboscis nama-pinched ekugcineni kwawo. Futhi-ke, ebambe lolu hlobo lwedolobho limi ngomumo, isigaxa sibanyakazisa njengomhlatshelo. Njengomphumela, uthola umthamo omuhle we-toxin enamandla, onomphumela wokukhubazeka. Izimbaza ziginya izinhlanzi ezincane ngokushesha, bese zidonsa ezinkulu njengezesitoko.

"I-Harpoon"

Kumuntu, “ukudubula” okunjalo nakho kungabulala. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu kwazana "nosizi" ukujwayela okulula kuyisifiso sokuthatha igobolondo le-mollusk. Lokhu kuphoqa isigaxa ukuthi sizivikele. Okuyingozi kakhulu kubantu i-cone yendawo (Conus ge Phothus).

Ngokokuqala ngqa, ubuthi babo - i-conotoxin - baphenywa usosayensi waseMelika uB. Oliver. Kwavela ukuthi iqukethe izingxenye ezilula ze-biochemical - ama-peptides aqukethe ama-amino acid ayi-10-30. Izimbaza zezinhlobo ezifanayo zingaba nobungozi obuhlukahlukene kakhulu. Enye into ye-conotoxin ijubane layo lokusebenza. Kuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwezimpawu kusuka ezinhlungwini kuya emisipha futhi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokusindisa iwukuvumela igazi endaweni elwayo.

Kwatholakala nokuthi lobu buthi bunama-peptides ezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokwenziwa, ezinye zazo ezingasebenzi, ezinye zibulala izinzwa, njll. Lokhu kwavela ukutholwa okuwusizo kakhulu kwezokwelapha. Isibonelo, manje ubuthi be-conus conus magus busetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-painkillers angamlutha.

Okuningi ku-Cone Poison

Izigaxa zisiza ekuzingeleni ubuthi, obunomphumela we-neurotoxic, igama lawo i-conotoxin. Ubuthi obunobuhlakani obuyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela emangalisayo, kepha ososayensi bahlukanisa ngokunenkani wonke ama-conotoxin amaqembu amathathu amakhulu:

1. Okubizwa ngokuthi "i-hook ngomugqa wokudoba", i.e. lapho into ivele imisa ukudluliswa kwezifiso kusuka ezinhlinini kuya emisipheni, ngakho-ke ukukhiqizwa okunobuthi kwesinye isikhathi akunasikhathi sokuqonda okwenzeke kuyo, nokuthi kungani kungahambi,
2. Ubuthi yiKing Kong. Leli qembu lezinto ezinobuthi linomphumela wabamele abama-mollusks kuphela. Bona, bengakuqondi abakwenzayo, bamane nje bakhishwe ngamagobolondo abo, njengohlobo oluthile lwe-zombie, futhi isigaxa sesivele sibalindele, bevula imilomo,
3. "I-Nirvana" - ubuthi obunomphumela. Kubukeka njengenhlanzi enobuthi ukuthi iphephe ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke ngaphandle kokungabaza ibhukuda emlonyeni womzingeli.

Ingabe ukukhishwa yizigaxa kuyingozi kubantu? Yebo! Amacala amaningi asevele echaziwe lapho abantu abathandanayo abangenalwazi noma abangenalwazi, bezama ukuthinta nokukhulisa isigaxa esihle kusuka phansi, banikwa ubuthi ... futhi bafa. Kepha izigaxa ezinobuthi zinezakhiwo eziwusizo, umuthi wazo onobuthi kade wasetshenziswa ososayensi kwezokwelapha. Ngempela, kumadosi amancane kakhulu, i-conotoxin, noma kunalokho, okukhishwa ku-conotoxin, kunomphumela we-analgesic futhi kusetshenziselwa ukwelapha abantu abanobuhlungu obungapheli. Kuyavela ukuthi ubuthi bezilwane abukwazi ukubhubhisa nje kuphela, kepha futhi nokusindisa izimpilo zabantu.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Izici

Izinhlobo ziyizidleke ezihlala ebusuku zicashe esihlabathini phakathi nosuku. I-cone radula inamazinyo aguqulwe abe yi-harpoon - emikhawulweni ekhonjisiwe ifakwe nge-spikes ebukhali emuva. Ngaphakathi kwesichilo kudlula umgodi oxhumeke endlebeni enobuthi. Amazinyo ahlala emigqeni emibili, izinyo elilodwa ohlangothini ngalunye lwefreyimu ye-radula. Lapho isigaxa, sisebenzisa i-sensor organ osfradia, sithola inyamazane, elinye izinyo le-radula liphuma kwi-pharynx, umgabho waso ugcwele imfihlo yokudlala okunobuthi, isiqu sidlula futhi siboshwe ekugcineni kwalesi siqu. Njengoba sesisondele ebangeni elanele, inkumba igobhoza ngesigaxa, futhi ubuthi obunamandla obunamandla obuvuthayo buthululela isisulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zezigaxa zinezindawo eziphuma ngaphandle, eziyenga izinhlanzi. Izinhlanzi ezincane zikhubazeka cishe khona manjalo, futhi yize ziqhubeka nokufenda, ukunyakaza okunenhloso okungasiza izinhlanzi ukuba ziphume akusabhekwa. Yize kunjalo, uma umuntu ohlukunyeziwe ekwazi ukujikijela kabukhali - wayevele aqhamuke, bese kuba nzima kakhulu ukuthi angakwazi ukukuthola futhi akudle. Ziginya zonke izinhlanzi ezincane, bese zifaka amasampula amakhulu njenge-stocking. Kumuntu, “ukuluma” okunjalo nakho kungaba yingozi. Isigaxa sendawo siyingozi ikakhulukazi kubantu (I-Conus gegraphhus) Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kwesazi sase-Australia Rob Bradle, ukufa kungenzeka ngaphakathi kwamaminithi ambalwa. EPacific, kufa abantu abangama-2-3 unyaka nonyaka ngenxa yokulunywa yisigaxa, futhi kufe umuntu oyedwa kuphela oshaka. Ngokwezibalo, eyodwa noma kwamathathu, noma amabili, esigaxa esifaka isiponsi aphela ekufeni. Indoda ejwayele ukukhangwa ubuhle begobolondo, indoda yayizama ukuyicosha yaphoqa isigaxa ukuthi sizivikele.

Ngo-1993, kwabulawa abantu abayi-16 ngokuqhuma kokulunywa yisigaqa emhlabeni wonke. Kulaba, abangu-12 I-Conus gegraphhus no-2 kuqhubeke C. indwangu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuyingozi kufanele kucatshangwe I-Conus aulicus, I-Conus marmoreus, I-Conus omaria, I-Conus striatus futhi I-Conus tulipa. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, okuyingozi kakhulu yilezo ezibulala izinhlanzi.

Isigaxa sobuhlungu

Isidakamizwa se-cone sisanda kuthakazelisa kakhulu kososayensi ngenxa yezici eziningi: le sumu inezakhi ezilula ze-biochemical zama-conotoxins - ama-peptides okulula ukuwasungula elabhoratri. Iminenke inokusakazeka okukhulu kakhulu ekuthini unobuthi nokubumbana kobuthi. Iminenke emibili efana nalena evela endaweni efanayo ingaba nezinhlungu ezihluke kakhulu. Kwezinye izilwane lokhu akubhekwanga - izinyoka ezimbili ezifanayo noma izimbaba ezimbili ezifanayo zinazo ubuthi obufanayo. Okunye ukufaka ubuthi obakha ubuthi besigaxa ukushesha kwesenzo. Yize ama-conotoxin angama-neurotoxins, anama-peptides ahlukile emgomweni wawo wokusebenza - elinye i-toxin ayisebenzi, kanti elinye lingabulala izinzwa, njll. Lokhu kungasiza kakhulu kwezokwelapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la ma-peptide awazibangeli i-allergies kubantu.

Asikho isidakamizwa senzalo yobuthi, futhi ukwelashwa kungaba izimpawu. Izakhamizi zakuleziqhingi zoLwandlekazi lwePacific ngesilumo sesigaxa ngokushesha zasika indawo yalokhu kuluma futhi zopha.

Ulwazi oluvamile

Inani lezinhlobo zesigaxa lisondela ku-550 - 600. Amashalofu ahlukaniswa ngombala wegobolondo ongajwayelekile, usayizi nokubona. Kukhona ama-mollusks amancane, kepha umuntu ngamunye usayizi wesandla esivulekile somuntu. Isici esiyinhloko sabamele abamele isigaxa sofuzo ubukhona bezindawo ezinobuthi. Lokhu kuguqulwa okubalulekile okusiza ama-mollusk asinde, kusetshenziselwa ukudla, ukuvikela izinyamazane ezinkulu nokuhlasela. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuziphatha zegobolondo ziheha ama-connoisseurs futhi zingathengiswa.

Ukubukeka

Isigaxa somnenke sihlukaniswa kalula kwamanye ama-mollus ngegobolondo elinesimo segobolondo ejwayelekile. Izinhlobo zezigaxa ziyehluka ngemibala emihle. Yize imibala ilawulwa yimibala ethambile, imvama grey, milky, emnyama, nsundu, beige, ophuzi, mhlophe, kepha iphethini lapho kushona ngakunye inephathini eyingqayizivele. Kweminye iminenke, amagobolondo ambozwe ukusatshalaliswa kwezindawo, kwezinye zinamabala ayindilinga, kwezinye anezinhlaka ezimfushane.

Izinhlobo zezigaxa zinesikimu sombala omuhle

Igobolondo lemigwayi kagwayi ye-gastropod lisonteke ngaphakathi, kodwa ukujikisa ngakunye kufinyelela cishe ngaphezulu kwejika elilandelayo, ngakho-ke ingaphezulu legobolondo ligcotshisiwe noma licishe licwebe. Umlomo utholakala ngasohlangothini, unesimo esidlule futhi uhlala cishe kuwo wonke ubude begobolondo. Igobolondo eliqinile livikela umzimba omncane we-mollusk. Ngaphansi kwengubo kukhona i-siphon yokuhlunga amanzi kumagalari. Umlenze onamaphethini athusayo nombala oguqukayo ufinyelela emgodini oseceleni. Isebenzela ukunyakaza futhi ifakwe i-sole emincane. Ngokukhubazeka kwemisipha, imollusk inyibilika ngokushelela futhi kancane kancane phezu kwamadwala noma ebusweni bezitshalo zasemanzini. Ikhanda, uma kunesidingo, liphuma ngesitolo esincane esisekupheleni kwegobolondo. Phambili, umzimba unemiphumela eminingana ephumayo. Amehlo amabili ahlala ezigxotsheni ezimbili ezifinyeziwe, futhi phakathi kwawo kukhona i-proboscis yokuzingela ngendlela yeshubhu ende. Lesi sitho semisipha sisebenza njengokuvula umlomo futhi sinama-radula. Esibayeni esisesimweni sokuthula, umlomo awutholakali, kepha ngesikhathi sokuzingela inyamazane enkulu kakhulu udonswa emgudwini wethambo.

Isakhiwo se-konitor

Izigaxa zesonokhi zinomzimba othambile, ongahlukanisiwe ohlanganiswe egobolondweni futhi wehluka ngezimpawu zokwakheka:

• usayizi wegobolondo ungaphakathi kuka-6- 20 cm, kepha abantu abakhulu bakhuphuka.
• igobolondo likhulu, lihlangana ngokusobala, linwebeka ekugcineni.
• isembozo sakhiwa into enjenge-organic uphondo, futhi ungqimba lwangaphakathi luhlanganiswe ngamapuleti e-lime anciphile kakhulu.
• isikhonkwane sikhonjwe, i-curl ifana ne-cap esesimweni.
• iminyango yokungena echibini iseshonile-futhi incane.
• imibala iyahlukahluka kusuka kokumhlophe kuya kokuphuzi, amathunzi ansundu.
• ukubonwa kuboniswa ngamazinga ahlukahlukene futhi kunombala omnyama.
• amabala amnyama ahlelwe ngemigqa ehambisanayo.

Lapho kuhlala khona isigaxa senkinunu

Isigaxa senkontsho sihlala emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo, sitholakala olwandle olunamanzi afudumele afudumele - olwandle iMedithera. Ukhetha izixhobo zamakhorali ezingashoni. Izinhlobo eziningi zihlala eNdiya, ePacific, eJapan, eCaribbean naseLwandle Olubomvu. Ezinye izinhlobo ziye zajwayela ukuhlala ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu.

Habitat

Amamollusk abunjwe ngesiga ahlala emanzini wethropiki nasendaweni engezansi. Lezi yizindawo zama-Oceans aseNdiya nasePacific, amanzi kusuka kuLwandle Olubomvu kuya eJapan. Ezinye izinhlobo zitholakala ngisho nasezintabeni ezifudumele, ngokwesibonelo, ungabona abamele la ma-gastropods oLwandle iMedithera, lapho izivakashi zezwe lethu zivame ukuphumula khona. Amagobolondo esihlabathi kanye nezixhobo ezincane zamanzi ase-Australia nasePhilippine Islands bakhetha ama-mollusks cones.

Ubungozi kubantu zi-mollusks emanzini angajulile. Amacala amaningi achazwe lapho izigaxa zifaka ubuthi ezinyaweni zomuntu ozulazulayo ogwini. Abantu abantantayo abagxila edwaleni bahlupheka futhi. Ubuhle obumangalisayo be-mollusk budonsela kuwe ukuze uyifinyelele futhi uthathe i-inki yokukhumbula. I-gastropod mollusk ibukeka nje ingumnenke ongavikeleki, empeleni ingumlandeli onamandla futhi onamakhono okwazi ukubulala umuntu onesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-70 ngokulunywa okukodwa.

Ungazingela kanjani izigaxa

Izigaxa zesonki zingama-gastropods adliwayo. Emini, bacasha emaceleni esihlabathi asolwandle, futhi kusihlwa baqale ukuzingela. Ama-worms we-Polychaete kanye nama-mollusk akhethwa njengezinyamazane; kwesinye isikhathi ama-crustaceans amancane nezinhlanzi ayahlaselwa. Kunezigaxa zokudoba ezinobuthi, ubuthi bazo busebenza ngokushesha okukhulu, umzuzwana nje kuphela ngemuva kokuthi ubuthi bungene, isisulu asifakwanga sigwenyiwe siphelele bese sigayidwa.

Izigaxa zesinaphi - ama-gastropods adla izambane likapondo

I-Radula ("grater") kwizigaxa ezinobuthi ifakwe amazinyo aguquliwe namathiphu akhombe ngokufana ngesimo sehabhu futhi inemisipha eqondiswe emuva. Ngaphakathi ku- "harpoon" akunalutho, kanti umsele uxhunyaniswe nendlala enobuthi. Amazinyo ahlelwe ngemigqa kumapulethi e-radula. Ukuthola inyamazane, kunomzimba okhethekile - osfradiy. Itholakala emgodini wejazi eduze kwama-gill. Izinyo elinobuthi le-radula liphuma lapho kuvulwa i-pharyngeal, i-cavity igcwele ngento enobuthi egeleza esiqwini bese iqongelela ekugcineni kokuphuma. Ngemuva kokuba ubuthi bukhululiwe, izinyo elisetshenzisiwe liyalahlwa, bese kukhiqizwa okungafakwanga amandla.

Ukuthola inyamazane kunomzimba okhethekile - i-osfradiy

Isigaxa - umdobi uvame ukucasha ngaphansi kwesihlabathi esingezansi, kuveza i-siphon yokuphefumula kanye ne-proboscis yokuthola isithiyelo.

Umhlaseli usondela kancane kancane enyameni ebekade ihlosile futhi akhukhule “ihabhu”. Ubuthi buthululela esilwaneni nge-jet eqinile, umkhuhlane wento enobuthi, kanti inyamazane ayivimbani. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-mollusks anobuthi zidonsa izinhlanzi ngama-ukuphuma akhethekile abukeka njengesibungu abese enza ubuthi busebenze. Izinhlanzi ezincane zilahlekelwa amandla abo okuhamba ngokushesha lapho ubuthi bungena emzimbeni, futhi kuphela ezinye zezicubu ezingemuva nezomsila eziqhubeka nokusonteka ngokunqobayo. Isisulu ngeke sikwazi ukunyakaza ngokuzumayo, kancane kancane sikhubazeka futhi sibe yisisulu sesigaxa sonozinti esinobuthi.

Ezinye izinhlobo zama-mollusks anobuthi adonsa izinhlanzi ngama-ekhipha ezikhethekile.

Izinto ezincane zigwenywa yi-mollusk egcwele inyama, bese umphimbo udonswa ezinhlanzini ezinkulu ezinjenge-stocking. Uhlobo lunye lwe-mollusk, i-conographic cone (iConus ge Phothus), selujwayele ukwelula ikhanda laso ishubhu elimise okomlilo. Izinhlanzi ezincane ziwela kulolu gibe.

Isakhiwo sama-gastropods

Igama lama-mollusks lalibangelwa yigobolondo lakhona. Ngaphandle, kungumbala ohlukahlukane kakhulu, osiza owandulelayo ukuba ungabonakali phakathi okusanhlamvu kolwandle. Isakhiwo esingaphakathi sineminyango emithathu. Lokhu kuyikhanda, ufudu nomlenze. Isidumbu se-mollusk cone kuzo zonke izinhlangothi sinesigqoko esifakwe nezindlala. Zifaka izinto eziyimfihlo ezinakekela izisekelo zegobolondo lapho kufihlwe khona imbumbulu. Inezendlalelo ezimbili - isikhunta esijwayelekile futhi esiqinile, esifana nokubumba.

Ekhanda kukhona amatende, amehlo, umlomo ovuleka nge-radula engahanjiswa, ngaphakathi kukhona amazinyo. Ngezigaxa, yashintsha yaba uhlobo lwensangu, ngaphakathi kuyithambo lapho ubuthi obuvela gland bungena phakathi kwesisulu. Eduzane nokuvuleka komlomo, izinhlobo eziningi zama-cones zinokuphuma okufana nesibungu. Lokhu kuyisihlambi esikhulu sezinhlanzi ezizingelayo.Inhlanzi, ingena emlonyeni, idonswa ngokuphelele kwi-goiter, ehambisana nesistimu yokugaya ukudla. Ngemuva kokucubungula ukudla, izinsalela ziyaphuma nge-ectodermal gut. Imollusk ihamba kancane, ihambahamba ngaphansi kolwandle emlenzeni ophephekayo oshukumisayo.

I-Predator

Izigaxa ezincane eziningi zidla izikelemu noma amanye ama-mollusks, kepha kunezinhlobo ezidla izinhlanzi ezincane. Isigaxa se-clam sendawo futhi singesokwalabo. Lokhu kungummeleli oyingozi wama-gastropods, okulula ukubala phakathi kwamanye ama-mollus ngokubukeka. Ukucwilisa kwakhe kwakhumbuza abathole imephu yokuma komhlaba.

Ngempela, amabala ansundu ngaphezulu kwegobolondo afana nezwekazi elinemiphetho engalingani, ehlakazekele ngaphesheya “kolwandle” olukhulu lomthunzi olula. Isithombe sale mollusk esiyingozi singabukwa ngaphezulu. Ishayeka onyaweni lwayo ngaphezulu kwamatshe asogwini, isigaxa salolu hlobo sihlangana kahle nokushiwo imvelo. Kunzima ukuqaphela, ngakho-ke ubhekwa njengomzingeli ophumelele kahle. Ugwinya inhlanzana encane isiyonke, bese ihamba iya esixekweni esikhulu, ilulekele ebusheni obudingekayo, bese igaya ukudla ngokuthula. Umehluko okhethekile phakathi kwesigaxa sendawo nokuphumula yikhono lokuyengela izinhlanzi ngokwelula umlomo wazo ngendlela yethangi elinobubanzi obufika ku-10 cm. Izinhlanzi ezincane zingamane zibhukuda zingene kuwo, njengasemhumeni.

Ingozi ebantwini

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwama-cones, indlela umzimba womuntu ophethwe ngayo umjovo we-mollusk nayo iyahluka. Ukuqina kwesigaxa kungaletha ubuhlungu obulinganiselwe ngezibonakaliso zokusabela kokuvuvukala kokubaluleka kwendawo. Kuzoba nokubomvu nokuvuvukala okuncane endaweni okukulunywa kuyo. Ubuthi be-Cones buyingozi ngokuba khona kwama-conotoxins, aqala ukutholwa ngumcwaningi waseMelika uB. Oliver. Isebenza emaphethelweni ezinzwa futhi iyakwazi ukubangela ukukhubazeka kohlelo lokuphefumula, okuholela ekufeni.

Umthelela wobuthi obunjalo uqhathaniswa nalowo wecobra. Kuvimbela ukuhamba kwezibonakaliso kusuka kumicu yezinzwa kuya emisipha yomzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu, zonke izitho ziyaqina futhi inhliziyo iyema. Ucwaningo olwenziwe ososayensi ngokwakhiwa kwetyhefu nomphumela walo ezintweni eziphilayo luveze ukuthi ama-conotoxins angadala ukuthi ama-mollusk akhishwe ezinqwabeni ezivalekile ngokuphelele. Ukuqaphela kwamagundane afakwe ngethamo lobuthi kusimangaze ososayensi. Izinduku zaqala ukuqaqa ngokungahleliwe futhi zigibela ezindongeni zekheji.

Usizo lokuqala kwabalimele

Kuzo zonke izehlakalo ezaziwayo zokulimala kulezi zimbumbulu, abantu abangaphezulu kuka-70% bahlaselwe yisigaxa sendawo. Esikhathini esiningi, ukufa kwenzeka lapho umuntu ejulile ngaphansi kwamanzi. Engcupheni kukhona ukwehlukahlukana nokuhlukahluka kwamagobolondo amahle.

Abathandi abangenalwazi be-exotic babamba izandla zabo echibini engxenyeni emincane. Leli yiphutha elikhulu, ngoba kule ndawo lapho kutholakala khona umlomo onesiqubulo esinobuthi semollusk. Uma usuvele uthathe isinqumo sokuthatha lesi silwane esiyingozi ezandleni zakho, khona-ke lokhu kwenziwa ohlangothini oluyindilinga lwe-sink. Kuyaluleka ukuthi uvikele ngokujwayelekile ukuhlangana okune-coco mollusk cone, kepha uma ilunywe, khona-ke udinga ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha okukhulu, ngoba ukukhubazeka kwenzeka ngemuva kwesikhashana.

Ngenxa yokuthi ubuthi buqukethe ubuthi obuningi obuyinkimbinkimbi, ayikho i-antidote. Ukuphela kwekhambi elilungile ukuchitheka kwegazi. Isilonda sigezwa ngamanzi acwengekile futhi ukugcwala amandla kwenziwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Akunakwenzeka ukufudumala nokugoqa isayithi yokuluma, ngaphandle kwalokho ubuthi buzosabalala ngokushesha ngegazi. Akudingekile ukulinda izimpawu zokukhubazeka, kuyaphuthuma ukuyisa isisulu esibhedlela esiseduze. Ukufakelwa umoya omncane okwenziwayo kungadingeka emendweni.

Ubuhlungu bale mollusks abubangeli mqondo, ngakho-ke, izakhamizi zakule ndawo ziyasindiswa ekutheni zilunywe yizigaxa ngokusika inxeba ngommese nokuncipha igazi eliningi.

Ukusetshenziswa kobuthi emithini

Ubuthi be-Shellfish buqukethe ama-conotoxin amaningi we-biochemical anemiphumela ehlukile ohlelweni lwezinzwa lomuntu. Ezinye zazo zinomthelela okhubazayo, kanti ezinye zenza isayithi lizilume. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusabela kwenzeka ngaso leso sikhathi, okuthakazelisa kakhulu ososayensi bezokwelapha.

Ngemuva kochungechunge lwezifundo, kwavezwa iqiniso elikhangayo. Ubuhlungu bezoni zasolwandle bubahlomisa ngokuphelele abantu abagula kakhulu, kanti, ngokungafani ne-morphine ejwayelekile, akubangeli umlutha noma umlutha wezidakamizwa. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wososayensi, kwaqhamuka umuthi obizwa nge- “Ziconotide”, othathwa njenge-analgesic ophumelelayo.

Umsebenzi uyaqhubeka nokutadisha imiphumela ye-conotoxins kubantu ekwelapheni izifo zeParkinson kanye ne-Alzheimer's, kanye nesithuthwane.

Ungawuthola kanjani ubuthi

Emalabhorethri akhethekile, babeka inhlanzi encane phambi kwesibalo bese beyikhuculula ize ilungiselele ukuhlaselwa. Ngaphambi kokuba i-harpoon iphonswe, izinhlanzi zibuyiselwa ngokushesha ngemodeli ye-silicone.

Izinyo elibukhali lighoboza udonga lwalo obambayo bese lifaka ubuthi emgodini ongaphakathi. Lokhu, abaqoqi abonga umvuzo izinhlanzi. Bobabili banelisekile.

Intshisekelo yabaqoqi

Akumangazi ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo nemibala ya “amagobolondo” adonsela ukunakekela kwabaqoqi emhlabeni wonke. Imfashini yemibukiso enjalo ayizange ivele esikhathini sethu. Kutholakale umqulu wango-1796 okhuluma ngendali ebanjelwe kwi-Intanethi. Kwethula izinkatho ezintathu. Owokuqala ukupenda okwenziwe nguFranz Hals, anikezwa imali ehlekisayo ngaleso sikhathi, owesibili ngumdwebo odumile othi “Woman in Blue Read a Letter” kaVermeer (othengiselwe ama-guilder angama-43). Njengamanje, indwangu eseRoyal Museum yase-Amsterdam. Inkatho yesithathu kwakuyi-5 cm cm cone, eyayithengiselwe ama-guilders angama-273.

Emazweni asempumalanga, amagobolondo amancane ayesetshenziswa njengama-chip wezingxoxo. Isigaxa esibizwa nge- “Glory of the Seas” sisabhekwa njengendawo enhle kakhulu yolwandle emhlabeni. Ngisho nasesikhathini sethu, imollusk yasolwandle enegobolondo elingajwayelekile ilinganiselwa kumadola ayizinkulungwane eziningana.

Manje usuwazi amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo kusuka empilweni yalezi zidalwa zasolwandle ezihlukile.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha

Ubuthi I-Conus magus Kusetshenziswa njenge-anesthetic (analgesic). Isibonelo, ukulungiswa kwe-Ziconotid kuyindlela yokwenziwa ye-analgesic ye-non-opioid - enye yama-cone peptides, isenzo sawo esidlula zonke izidakamizwa ezaziwa ngomuthi. Ubuthi lobu bufanelwe buyisela i-morphines eyimilutha.

Isenzo sobuthi

UKonotoxin wafundwa usosayensi waseMelika uB. Oliver. Ubuhlungu be-S Konkani bufana nesihlungu se-cobra, futhi sibanga ukuqhuma kwezimpawu zezinzwa eziya emisipha.

Ubuthi esegazini bunqunywa yizimpawu:

• indlala yesikhumba
• Ukucwilisa isikhumba umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• kulandelwa ukusindwa
• ukulunywa kubonakala kuzungeze isilonda
• kubuhlungu obukhali, bese imizwa evuthayo iqina
• Izimpawu zokuthi ubuthi zisakazeka emzimbeni wonke futhi zibizwa ikakhulukazi ngomlomo
• ukukhubazeka kwenzeka
• ukwazi kuyaphela
• i-insulin ebeka ubuthi ngokushesha yehlisela ushukela wegazi, ibangele ukuqina kwesibindi
• ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo kwenzeka.

Usosayensi B. Halstead uphakamisa ukuthi ngezibonakaliso zobuthi be-conotoxin, izinkinga zokuphefumula azivamisile. Abanye ongoti: V.N. Orlova noD. B. Gelashvili bacubungula lesi simo lapho abantu ngemuva kokuxhumana ne-cone venom befa hhayi ngemuva kokuboshwa kwenhliziyo, kepha ngenxa yokulimala kwemisipha yokuphefumula ngokweqile. Ngasikhathi sinye, imithamo emincane ye-conotoxins ibangela ukozela, ukunciphisa imithambo, ibe nomphumela ophambene - imbangela yokuqina kwemisipha eqinile.