I-marten-angler, noma ilka (lat. Martes pennanti) ingeyomndeni kaKunya (Mustelidae). Wathola igama lakhe ngekhono lakhe lokuntshontsha izinhlanzi kwizicupho ezibekwe kwezinye izilwane.
Umhlaseli akanaso isimangalo esithile saso futhi kuyaqabukela esondla ngaso, enikeza ukukhetha okusobala kwizidalwa eziphila emhlabeni.
Ubulili balolu hlobo buyangabazeka phakathi kosomatekisi abaningi. Abanye bakubheka njengohlobo lwePecania oluhlukile futhi bakubheka njengekude neWolverines (Gulo) kuneMartens.
I-Ilka ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili yayisondele ekubhujisweni okuphelele ezifundeni eziningi zobubanzi bayo.
Ngokubambisana ne-American marten (Martes americana), bekuyisikhathi eside kuyinto yokuhweba ngoboya. Iziphathimandla zasendaweni kwadingeka ukuthi zithathe izinyathelo zokuyivikela ngenxa ye-prolific porcupins (i-Erethizon dorsatum), ekhuleka ukubopha amagxolo esihlahla, ngokuyinhloko ushukela we-maple (Acer saccharum). Ama-angler angama-marten kuphela anganciphisa ngempumelelo inani lale namagundane ayingozi.
Ukubhebhetheka
Indawo yokuhlala itholakala eNyakatho Melika eningizimu yeCanada nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-United States. Umngcele waso oseningizimu usukela ezansi emaphethelweni eSierra Nevada eCalifornia uya ezintabeni ze-Appalachian eNtshonalanga Virginia.
Inani elikhulu kunawo wonke lasinda ezifundazweni zaseCanada eQuebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta naseBritish Columbia.
I-pine marten ihlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini e-coniferous.
Imvamisa, ibonwa emahlathini enezimila ezinamanzi futhi ezixubile, ngokwezigaba zivimbela izikhala ezivulekile.
Kuze kube manje, izingcingo ezi-3 ziyaziwa. Ukubhaliswa okungamagama okuvamile kujwayelekile eCanada naseNyakatho Melika.
Ukuziphatha
U-Ilka uhola indlela yokuphila eyedwa, umsebenzi uvame ukubonakaliswa ebusuku kunasemini. Akanayo indawo yokuhlala yaphakade. Ezokuzijabulisa, usebenzisa umgodi wezihlahla nemisele yeminye imfuyo elahliweyo. Indawo esezingeni lesakhiwo sasekhaya ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-15 skwele. km ukusuka kwabesifazane namamitha ayi-38 skwele. km kusuka kwabesilisa.
Izilwane zinolaka kubantu bazo ubulili bazo futhi zivikela kakhulu imingcele yezindawo zokuzingela ezihlala kuzo. Amasayithi wabanikazi be-heterogeneous ajwayele ukuhlangana, okuholela ekutheni kungabikho zingxabano phakathi kwabo.
AbakwaMarten angler benyuka izihlahla ngokuphelele futhi babhukuda kahle. Uma kunesidingo, bangawela imifula namachibi amancane.
Ngosuku olulodwa, i-ilka igijima ibanga elingama-20-30 km, iyakwazi ukunqoba amabanga aze afike ku-5 km ngesivinini esikhulu.
Yize ama-pecans ngokwawo eyizidlakudla futhi esezingeni eliphezulu lesitolo sokudla, abantu abasha, asebekhulile nabagulayo baba izisulu zabazingeli abakhulu. Izitha zabo zemvelo ama-coyotes (amaCanis latrans), izimpungushe ezijwayelekile (iVulpes vulpes), izikhova zezintombi (uBebo virginianus), iCanadian (Lynx canadensis) ne-lynx ebomvu (Lynx rufus).
Umsoco
Ama-Marten-angler awesabekayo, kepha nikeza okucacayo akhetha ukuzondla ngamagundwane ahlukahlukene. Ama-shrews anemisila emifushane (i-Blarina brevicauda) abhekwa njengodumo lwawo oluthandayo. Ziphinde futhi zidle ama-squirrels aseMelika (iLepus americanus), ama-squine amaCaroline (iSururus), ama-squirrels asehlathini (amaClethrionomys) nama-voles ampunga (Microtus).
Ama-Martens akhuthele ekuzingeleni. Abagcini nje ngokuthola isisulu esitholakele ngokujikijela kombani, kodwa futhi bamba njalo imisele yemijondolo. Izilwane azideleli izidumbu futhi zazivame ukubonwa zidla izidumbu zenyamazane enomsila omhlophe (i-Odocoileus virginianus) ne-moose (Alces alces).
Zithokozela izidleke zezinyoni ezidlayo ngokudla amaqanda nam amaphuphu. Izidlamlilo zihlasela izinyoni ezilele ebusuku futhi zingabhekana kalula nama-turkeys amakhulu asendle (Meleagris gallopavo). Ngeke baphuthelwe ithuba lokubhekana nama-lynxes amasha nezimpungushe uma kungekho zilwane ezindala eduze.
Abadobi babulala isisulu ngokusiluma ngemuva kwekhanda.
Ngokuzingela i-porcupine, bayihlukumeza kuze kube yilapho ikhathele ngokuhlaselwa okuningana okuqhubekayo, izama ukuluma ngokungazelelwe ebusweni obunameva noma esiswini esingavikelekile isigamu sehora. Bathanda ukuhambela amapulazi asemakhaya futhi babulale izinkukhu namakati.
Ukuzala
Abesifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi benonyaka owodwa, nabesilisa ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila. Isikhathi sokukhwelana, ngokuya ngezimo zezulu, siqala ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari kuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ozakwethu bahlangana amahora ambalwa futhi bahlukane ngemuva kokuzalelana. Abesilisa bashada nabesifazane abaningi futhi abanandaba nesiphetho senzalo yabo.
Ukukhula kombungu kuqala ngesikhathi sokuqala kwe -hlambatocyst futhi kuqale emuva kwezinyanga eziyi-10. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhulelwa uqobo kuthatha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-50. Imvamisa insikazi iletha ezizayo maphakathi noFebhuwari. Kwilitha elilodwa kukhona ama-cubic afinyelela kwayi-6.
Ngemuva kwesonto ngemuva kokubeletha, insikazi iqala ukukhulelwa, futhi ikwazi ukuvundiswa.
Izingane zizalelwa esidlekeni, esisemgodini wesihlahla. Bazalwa bengaboni, bengasizakali futhi bembozwe kancane ngenwele ezimpunga. Isisindo sabo singama-30- 40 g. Emavikini angama-7-8, amehlo abo avulekile. Ngenyanga yesibili neyesithathu, uboya obumpunga buthola umbala obonakalayo onsundu noma ushokolethi.
Ukuncelisa ubisi kuthatha amasonto angama-8-10, kepha uma kungekho sisekelo sokudla esanele singangeza amanye amasonto angama-3-4. Intsha enezinyanga ezine ubudala isivele ikhule kahle futhi iqala ukubamba iqhaza ekuzingeleni. Ezinyangeni ezi-6,6, bathola wonke amakhono adingekayo ukuze kube nokuzimela okuyingxenye futhi bahlukane nonina.
Incazelo
Ubude bomzimba wabadala, ngokuya ngobulili nokubhalwe phansi, buqala ku-75 kuye ku-120 cm, nomsila ongu-31-41 cm. Isisindo 2000-5500 g .Izinsikazi zincane kakhulu futhi zilula kunezabesilisa. Ubovu olungemuva nesisu lufika kubude obuyi-3-7 cm.
Umbala uhluka kusuka kumnyama onsundu kuya koshokolethi omdaka. Indawo yomphimbo imhlophe, kanti inape is brown brown. Uboya bune-undercoat eminyene nezinwele zangaphandle ezihlanganayo.
Izimbambo zimfushane kodwa ziqinile, zivumelaniswa ukunyakaza eqhweni. Kuneminwe emi-5 ema-paws enezelesi ezingaphindeki. Kunamazinyo angama-38 emlonyeni. Ukuhlanza kuqala ngasekupheleni kwehlobo futhi kugcina ngoNovemba noma ngoDisemba.
U-pine marten ubesehlale endle cishe iminyaka eyi-8. Ekudingisweni, ngokunakekelwa okuhle, uphila iminyaka eyi-12-16.
Habitat
Marten angler esatshalaliswa emahlathini aseNyakatho Melika, kusuka ezintabeni zaseSierra Nevada eCalifornia kuya ezintabeni ze-Appalachian eNtshonalanga Virginia, ancamela ukunamathela emahlathini acwengile enesihlahla esikhulu esiningi. I-Ilka imvamisa ihlala ku-spruce, fir, thuja kanye nezihlahla ezithile eziqinile. Ebusika, zivame ukuhlala emiseleni, kwesinye isikhathi zibambe eqhweni. Ilki nimbly ukugibela izihlahla, kodwa imvamisa zihamba emhlabathini. Ziyasebenza ubusuku nemini, zihola impilo yodwa.