Yini amakati nezinja abangaphupha ngazo futhi bangakhumbula amaphupho abo? U-Nikolay Karpov obenomthwalo wemfanelo, uthisha woMnyango we-Anatomy and Physiology of Man and Animals, Institute of Biology, Tyumen State University.
Uhlobo lokulala lusaqondwa kahle. Kepha iqiniso lokuthi ukulala lihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: kancane futhi ngokushesha kuyaziwa. Ekhuluma ngabantu, iningi lamaphupho esiwabona esigabeni esisheshayo sokulala. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba kancane, singaba nokuthile esingaphupha ngakho, kepha amaphupho anjalo awaqabukanga futhi avame ukukhohlwa nje ngemuva kokuvuka.
Ukukhuluma ngokwenzeka ebuchosheni bezilwane kunzima kakhulu. Okokuqala, lokho akungabazeki. Ososayensi abatholanga isigaba sokulala ngokushesha kwezinhlanzi, ama-amphibians nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ezinyoni, kufushane kakhulu futhi akudluli i-1% yesikhathi sokulala esiphelele. Kepha kwizilwane ezincelisayo, ukulala ngokushesha kuthatha i-1/5 yobude besikhathi sokulala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emakati, izinja nezinye izinyamazane, kuhlala isikhathi esingama-20% wesikhathi sonke, kumarabi nakwezinye izidakamizwa zemithi - akukho ngaphezu kwe-5- 10%.
Bese uqagela. Ngokucabanga ukuthi izilwane nazo zinamaphupho ngesikhathi sesigaba esisheshayo, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukusho ukuthi yini eziyiphuphayo. Nanso elinye igama le-REM liza ukukusindisa - "Paradoxical". Okuxakayo ukuthi umsebenzi wobuchopho ngalesi sikhathi ucishe ufane naphakathi nesikhathi sokuvuka. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokusho kweminye yemibono yokuthi khona kwamaphupho kubantu, izithombe ezivela empilweni ziyavela kumuntu olele. Uma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi izilwane zibona into efanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banezinkumbulo, yize isikhathi sabo singathathi imizuzwana engama-20. Ngakho-ke amakati angaphupha ngokujaha inyamazane yawo, igundane elifuywayo ligijimisa isondo, nezinyoni zicule izingoma zazo.
Kuyafakazelwa ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, emakati, inkumbulo yesikhashana imayelana namahora ayi-16, ngenkathi isezinja - imizuzu emi-5 kuphela. Ngakho-ke, uma ufihla ukwelashwa kwikati futhi uluthole, uzokukhumbula cishe usuku lonke. Futhi inja iyokhohlwa yi-yummy cishe ngokushesha.
Akhuliswe kahle emakati futhi enkumbulweni yesikhathi eside. I-cortex ye-cerebral inesibopho sayo, okuyinto ecishe ibe yinkimbinkimbi kubo njengasezinjeni. Uma izinkumbulo zigcinwa kwimemori yesikhathi eside, ziyanqwabelana. Ngakho-ke, amakati futhi ukhumbule izindawo ezithile nabantu iminyaka eminingi.
Kuliqiniso, akunakwenzeka ukuphendula ngokungathandabuzi umbuzo wokuthi yisiphi isilwane esinenkumbulo engcono. Ngakho-ke, i-chimpanzee ikhombisa izimangaliso zememori yesikhashana, ezingonyameni zamalwandle, kunalokho, isikhathi eside sithuthukiswa kangcono, futhi kuma-octopus, zombili izinhlobo zememori zithuthukiswe kahle. Izindlovu ziyakwazi ukubamba ngekhanda futhi zilandelele lapho befika khona kuze kube ngama-30 abamele umhlambi wabo. Kepha ososayensi bahlatshwa ikakhulukazi yinyoni encane - umsoco waseMelika. Uyakwazi ukukhumbula indawo enamantongomane zikaphayini angama-33,000! Futhi uzifihla ngamahlamvu awile, futhi usikhipha ngaphansi kweqhwa.
Izici zememori yezilwane zifundwa ezimweni zelebhu. Ngokuhlola, kungenzeka ukuthola ukuthi ebuchosheni bezilwane ezincelisayo kukhona izindlela ezifanayo zokukhumbula amaphupho njengasebantwini. Ngakho-ke ngokweqiniso bangawakhumbula amaphupho. Kepha lokhu kuyisihibe, kepha kususelwa emaqinisweni esayensi. Yize kunjalo, uma izilwane zikhumbula lokho ezazikuphuphile, azange zikusho.
Kwaziwa ukuthi yiziphi izilwane eziphuphayo ezibonayo
Ososayensi bathole ukuthi izilwane, njengabantu, zingaphupha. Abanikazi abaningi bezinja baqaphele ukuthi lapho belele isilwane sabo siyakhala, sihambise imilenze, sithuthumele noma sizame ukuluma okuthile. Ucwaningo olwenziwe yizazi zebhayoloji oluvela eMassachusetts Institute of Technology lubonise ukuthi ezingeni lesakhiwo, ubuchopho bezinja bufana nobuchopho bomuntu, futhi buhamba ngezigaba ezifanayo zomsebenzi kagesi eziqashelwa kubantu, kubikwa i- psychologytoday.com.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwavela ukuthi ngisho nezilwane ezincane nezincane ezihlakaniphe ziyakwazi ukuphupha. Ngakho-ke, amagundane wokuhlola okwadingeka ukuthi adlule ku-maze eyinkimbinkimbi phakathi nosuku, ahlulela ngamarekhodi kagesi athathwe ku-hippocame (indawo yobuchopho ehlobene nokwakheka nokugcinwa kwememori), wakubona ebusuku. Isithombe esifanayo siyabonakala kubantu, kusho abezengqondo. Abantu bavame ukuphupha ngemicimbi eyenzeke ngosuku olwedlule.
Ososayensi, ngokwesitatimende sabo, bakwazile, babonga ukuskena, ukuthola indawo cishe ye-labyrinth lapho amagundane ayekhona ngezikhathi ezithile zokulala. Ngokusho kososayensi bengqondo, kunesakhiwo esikhethekile esiqwini sobuchopho esingalawula amaphupho futhi sivikele umzimba ekuphenduleni ezithombeni ezidlalwa ngamaphupho. Ukucindezela okwenziwa yile ndawo, ososayensi baphawula ukuthi inja iqala ukuhamba, yize ibisesigabeni sokulala ubuthongo.
Ukuthola ukuthi isilwane sakho siyaphupha kulula yini, ososayensi bayachaza. Uma ukuphefumula kungaphenduki, futhi izitho ziqala ukuhamba ngokuzithoba, amehlo enja ashiya ngemuva kwezinkophe ezivaliwe - unephupho elifana nento eyenzeka empilweni yangempela. Ochwepheshe bezengqondo bakholelwa ukuthi uma isilwane noma umuntu eboshiwe kulesi sigaba sephupho, bazokukhumbula ngokuphelele okuqukethwe kulo futhi bazokwazi ukusho abaphuphayo.
Khumbula, ucwaningo lwenhlalo yabantu oluhlelwe yiCornell kanye neNew York Univesithi lubonise ukuthi ukuhlangana ngocansi emhlanganweni owodwa kungakhulisa ukuzethemba, kudambise ukudangala nokukhathazeka, kubhala uRambler.