Muva nje, sibhale ngefudu, elifana kakhulu nefudu elincane. Manje sizokhuluma ngenye i-amphibian engajwayelekile - ixoxo elimpunga. Empeleni inombala onsomi (violet). Kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke, kudonsela ukunaka eqinisweni lokuthi leli chura lichitha cishe impilo yalo yonke elingaphansi komhlaba. Isele lingena ngaphandle kwamasonto ambalwa, ngesikhathi sokuzalela.

Isele eliyigraphidi noma amasende onsomi (lat.Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis) (i-English Purple frog)

Isele elibubende ukuphela kwezinhlobo zamaxoxo onsomi angowomndeni wamaxoxo aseSeychelles. Ukuvulwa nokuhlukaniswa okusemthethweni kwalolu hlobo kwenzeka ngo-2003 kuphela.
Ihlala ezindaweni ezincane eWestern Ghats (Ghats) eNdiya, enendawo ephelele engamamitha ayi-14. km Le nhlobo yatholakala eduzane nedolobha elincane lase-Idukka nasendaweni Kattapan.

Igama layo lesiLatini livela egameni elithi "nasika", okuhunyushwa ngokuthi "ekhaleni" ngesiSanskrit.

Uthole igama lakhe ekhaleni elimhlophe elincanyana

Umzimba wesele onsomi unesimo esingajwayelekile. Uyindilinga engaphezulu kwaleyo yezinye izinhlobo zamasele. Ikhanda lakhe, lincane uma liqhathaniswa nomzimba, nesimo esicijile se-muzzle yombala omhlophe sibamba iso lakhe. Abantu abadala banombala onsomi, kepha esiswini, isikhumba sakhona sibushelelezi. Lamaxoxo akhula afike kumasentimitha angama-7-16.

Lama-amphibians aqala indlela yokuphila engaphansi komhlaba ngokuphelele. Ukuze ube ntofontofo, badinga indawo enomswakama. Ngakho-ke, bazimbela ngokwabo ama-minks ajulile angangena emhlabathini ajule ngamamitha ayi-1,3,3,7.

Uphila impilo engaphansi komhlaba

Indlela yokuphila engaphansi komhlaba kanye nokwakheka kwekhanda (ikhanda elincane elinomlomo omncane) kwaba nomthelela ekudleni kwalesi sitshalo. Ukudla kwalo okuyinhloko ama-termite. Akakwazi ukugwinya izinambuzane ezinkulu. Isele lisinamathisela kalula isisulu saso emincane lingene emiphongolweni ehlukahlukene engaphansi komhlaba, futhi nolimi oluhlanganisiwe lusisiza ukuba simunce inyamazane yaso kulezi zinongo.

E-underworld, isele alidingi ukubona okuhle, kepha umuzwa omuhle kakhulu wokuthinta usiza ukuthola nokuthola inyamazane. Ngaphezu kwama-termite, angadla izintuthwane nezibungu ezincane.

Umbala womzimba onsomi noma onsomi

Ngaphezulu, la ma-amphibians akhethwa kuphela ngesikhathi se-monsoon, ukuze azalwe kabusha. Mhlawumbe yingakho ihlale isikhathi eside iyinhlobo engaziwa yomhlaba wesayensi. Yize izakhamizi zakule ndawo beziyazi isikhathi eside ngakho, ososayensi kuze kube ngu-2003 baphatha amazwi abo ngezinga elithile lokungabaza, kuze kube yilapho uqobo lwabo beqiniseka ukuthi likhona.

Isele liza ebusweni amasonto ambalwa. Ukuhluma kwenzeka eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi zesikhashana noma ezingapheli, osebeni lwemifula emincane noma emiseleni. Abesilisa bahlanganiswa nabesifazane besebenzisa okubizwa nge- “inguinal grab”. Njengoba mncane kakhulu kunabakhethiweyo babo, ukuze babambelele, abesilisa bazinamathela ingxenye ethile kowesifazane besebenzisa ukucasha kwesikhumba okunamathelayo. Amaqanda abekwa emanzini. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, kuvela ama-tadpoles kubo.

Okhokho balezi zinyosi bangabamele uhlobo lwakudala kakhulu olwalukhona eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-180 eyedlule futhi lwasatshalaliswa endaweni yezimbiwa, eyayiyingxenye yesakhiwo sasendulo saseningizimu sakwaGondwana. Lapho-ke lokhu kuhlukaniswa okukhulu kuye e-Australia, e-Afrika, eNdiya, eMadagascar nakwamanye ama-Antarctica. Futhi cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-65 edlule, iziqhingi zaseSeychelles, manje ezihlalwa izihlobo zabo eziseduze zomndeni wakwaSoglossidae, zahlukana neNdiya.

I-Seychelles palm frog - esinye sezihlobo ezisondele kakhulu zelesi onsomi Isakhiwo sexoxo elinsomi

Ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi, isele elinsomi libhekene nokuqothulwa okuphelele. Ifakiwe kwi-IUCN Red Book.

Ukuvela kwesele elibubende

Usuvele ngegama lakhe, umuntu angaqagela ukuthi umbala wexoxo ungwe onsomi noma, njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi, onsomi.
Kepha kulokhu, umbala awuyona into esemqoka. Ukubonakala kwayo kungumzimba wesimo esiyindilinga esiyingqayizivele. Ikhanda lincane kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nomzimba, kanti isihlahla esikhanyayo esikhonjwa ngopende simhlophe. Amehlo ayindilinga futhi alincane ngosayizi abafundi abafundile abakuboni lutho. Kepha umuzwa wakhe wokuhogela ungafikelwa umona.

I-Purple Frog (lat.Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis)

Imilenze yangemuva inengxenye yezitho, kanti imilenze yangaphambili imfushane kakhulu futhi inezinzwane eziyindilinga. Uma ekuqaleni ukubheka kwabantu balesi zinhlobo kubukeka sengathi kunobudlabha futhi kunobunzima, khona-ke lo mbono uyiphutha.

Iqiniso ukuthi isele elinsomi lingazimba umgodi ngokwawo ngemizuzu engu-3-5, nokujula, okungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-3.7. Kuyamangaza, kunjalo?

Abantu balolu hlobo bangakhula bafinyelele ku-9 cm, futhi uma yonke ingulule yomuntu omdala ipendwe ngombala onsomi, khona-ke esiswini umbala wesikhumba unombala ophuzi.

Ngingasithola kuphi isithwathwa esinsomi

Ngemuva kokufunda imininingwane mayelana nesi-amphibian, kuphakama umbuzo oqondile. Kungani la maxoxo asebekhona iminyaka eminingi kangaka emhlabeni atholakala kamuva nje? Futhi impendulo yalo mbuzo ilula kakhulu. Iqiniso ngukuthi ixoxo elingububende livamile ezindaweni ezincane zaseNdiya - iWestern Ghats, indawo yayo engamamitha-skwele ayi-14. km Izinhlobo zokuqala zamaxoxo zatholakala endaweni Kattapan eduze nedolobha lase-Idukki.

Isele elinsomi liyaqabukela lize livele emgodini waso.

Njengokulindelekile, la maxoxo, omzimba wawo ofana nenqwaba yama-jelly, abesevele ebanjiwe ngabendawo, kepha ngabezazi zezilwane kuphela ababengenasidingo salolu lwazi. Indaba yokutholwa kwamaxoxo ansomi yaqala ngemuva kokuthi uSolwazi Biju ebone enye yazo.

Indlela yokuphila

Cishe i-amphibian yalolu hlobo ichitha impilo yayo yonke ngaphansi komhlaba, kwesinye isikhathi ifika ngaphezu komhlaba ukuzokwandisa uhlobo. Njengoba idinga njalo indawo enomswakama, izimbela umgodi ojulile, isebenzise izindandatho zayo njengamafosholo, iphonsa inhlabathi ngemuva kwayo.

Isele eliphuzi limatasatasa ngemisebenzi yomhlaba.

Ngemuva kokuthi "umsebenzi" lowo, athathe isikhundla esilinganayo futhi abambe izinyawo zakhe ngaphansi kwakhe, isele liyaphumula.

Ukuzalela amasele

Lapho kuqala isikhathi semvula, isele likhuphukela phezulu. Njengoba sebethathe isinqumo ngomlingani, baqala ukukhula. Ngesikhathi senqubo, owesilisa, esebenzisa izinamatheliso zesikhumba sakhe, unamathela kowesifazane kusukela emuva. Lokhu kuchazwa yiqiniso lokuthi owesilisa walezi zinhlotshana ngandlela-thile ngosayizi kowesifazane, futhi angavele wehle phansi.

Lamaxoxo angabikwa kubazali abanganaki.

Ngosizo lwe-muzzle emincane, isele likhipha izinambuzane ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala.

Ngemuva kokuthi amaqanda abekwe emanzini, abantu abadala baphinde bahambe ngaphansi komhlaba. Futhi ama-tadpoles ahlanjiwe ayaphoqelelwa ukuba azinakekele ngokwawo.

Umsoco

Njengoba sekushiwo, ekufuneni ukudla, amasele asiza umuzwa wawo omuhle wokuhogela. Izikelemu ezincane, izintuthwane kanye namaantshontsho aba yisisulu sazo. Ubukhulu bomlomo wakhe abuvumeli ukuzingela izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinambuzane, ngoba azikwazi ukuwagwinya.

Isele elibubende liyanyakaza uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi.

Njengoba inomswakama wayo omncane, ingena kalula emiseleni yezinambuzane, futhi ngosizo lolimi lwayo olunenqwaba, ibakhiphe lapho.

Izitha Ze-Purple Frog

Kuze kube manje, isitha esikhulu salolu hlobo lwamaxoxo ngamuntu. Amahlathi lapho kuhlala khona la ma-amphibians agawulwa ukuze kulinywe ikofi, ginger kanye ne-Cardamom ngokushesha. Lezi zenzo zingaholela ekunyamalaleni ngokuphelele kwenkungu ebubende, ebhalwe encwadini ebomvu ye-International Union for Conservation of Natural kanye nezinsizakusebenza zayo.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

26.05.2013

Ixoxo onsomi (lat. Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis) ukuphela kwento yezinhlobo zamaxoxo ansomi futhi ungowomndeni wamaxoxo aseSeychelles (lat. Sooglossidae). Emvelweni, kutholakala enyakatho yedolobha lase-Idukka kuphela ezansi kwezintaba zaseSahyadri eningizimu yeNdiya (iKerala).

Bheka incazelo

I-purple noma i-purple (lat. Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis) imele ama-amphibians. Lolu uhlobo olulodwa, olufakiwe emndenini wamaxoxo aseSeychelles. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo zathola le nhlobo eminyakeni engu-15 eyedlule, ngoba isele likhona. Into yokuqala esiyinaka ngokubheka isithombe sogwadule onsomi umbala onsomi, ikhala elimhlophe nokwakheka komzimba okungajwayelekile.

Ngokumangazayo, i-amphibian ichitha cishe konke ukubakhona kwayo ngaphansi komhlaba. Ukhethwe ebusweni kuphela ngenjongo yokuzala. Ihlala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeNdiya. NgokukaProfessor Biju, othole lezi zidalwa ezingejwayelekile, laba bantu abamele izilo bavele esikhathini seMesozoic, okungukuthi ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-170. Ungacabanga? Baze basinda nakuma-dinosaurs!

Abahlali basemizaneni yamaNdiya ngokuqinisekile bake babona lezi zinwele ngaphambili. Kepha ososayensi bebethambekele ekukholweni ukuthi lesi silwane simane nje siyisakhi, ngoba isele alikwazi ukubukeka njengesiga esimpunga se-jelly!

Isilwane esingajwayelekile

Amadlozi wexoxo elingwe onsomi abekhona cishe ezigidini eziyi-180 ezedlule. Bahlala endaweni yezwekazi, eyayiyingxenye yeGondwana yasendulo eseningizimu. Ekuqaleni, lolu hlangothi olukhulu kangaka lwangena e-Australia, e-Afrika, eNdiya naseMadagascar, futhi cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-65 edlule, iziqhingi zaseSeychelles, manje ezihlalwa izihlobo zabo eziseduzane ezingomndeni wakwaSoglossidae, zahlukana neNdiya.

Ukutholakala kwale nhlobo eyingqayizivele kwenzeka ngo-Okthoba 2003, yize ama-tadpoles awo abaziwa ngochwepheshe bezilwane zaseYurophu kusukela ngo-1917. Ngo-2008, ixoxo elingububende lafakwa ohlwini lokuhlonipha izilwane eziyi-20 ezimbi kunazo zonke ezihlala emhlabeni.

Izakhamizi zakule ndawo kudala zasazi lesi sidalwa esimangalisayo. Kepha ososayensi base-Europe bezingazethembi izindaba zabo, kuze bona uqobo babe nethuba lokubona lesi sidalwa kuyo yonke inkazimulo yaso.

Isele elibubende elisesiqongweni sesifihle linekhala elincanyana elimhlophe, lifana nekhala lomuntu. Ngalesi sizathu, igama layo lesayensi livela egameni lesiSanskrit elithi nasika, elisho impumulo. IBatrachus ngesiGreek isho ixoxo, futhi iSahyadri yigama lendawo lapho le ntaba itholakala khona.

Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Meyi, anqwabelana aze afinyelele emhlabeni futhi aqhume ngomunyu kusuka ekuqaleni kuka kusihlwa kuze kuse, enza imisindo ephansi imvamisa ye-1200 Hz.

Kubukeka kanjani

Umzimba we-amphibian unesimo esiyindilinga, ngaphandle ubukeka njengowesifazane onothile. Kepha inhloko inosayizi omncane ngokweqile, i-mug ikhonjiswe kancane, ikhala lincane, limhlophe. Isidumbu sabantu bobudala bokuzala sinombala onsomi, esifundeni sesisu i-epidermis ibushelelezi, ngimpunga. Ubukhulu bomzimba abudluli amasentimitha ayi-9. Amawashi amafushane ahlanganisiwe ngokwengxenye yewebhu.

Amehlo ayindilinga, umbono cishe awuthwetshiwe. Kepha umuzwa wokuhogela uthuthuke kahle. Ngenxa yomqondo wokuhogela, isele lifuna ukudla. Ukuhogela ukudla, uphonsa ingaphambili lesibaya emiseleni yezinambuzane, adoba amasimu noma izibungu ngosizo lolimi olude oluhlangene. Njengoba i-pharynx incane kakhulu, ingakwazi ukugwinya izinambuzane ezinkulu, isisekelo sokudla izingxenyana ezincane, izibungu nezintuthwane.

Impilo engaphansi komhlaba

Ngaphandle, isilwane sibonakala sicwengekile futhi siguqekile. Kepha lokhu akunjalo. I-amphibian iyakwazi ukumba imbobo ngaphakathi kwemizuzu emibili kuya kwemithathu, ukujula kwayo okungamamitha amabili kuya kwamathathu. Ukuze ube ntofontofo, umswakama owandayo ekhaya uyadingeka.

Ezinyaweni zezingemuva zesilwane kukhona ukukhula okuthile. Kubukeka njengama-warts. Inhloso yalokhu kukhula ukumba umgodi. Isele liyaziphatha, kungathi ngemifosholo, liphonsa inhlabathi ngemuva kwakhe.

Ngaphansi komhlaba, bafuna ngentshiseko ukudla. Phumula ekujuleni kwamamitha amathathu. Kungukuphila okuhlala njalo okwesikhathi eside okwenze ukuthi kube yimfihlo yezilwane kochwepheshe bezemvelo, izazi zezilwane kanye nososayensi.

Incazelo

Isele elinsomi linomzimba owindilinga, oyindilinga omncane, lapho kukhona ikhanda elincane nesihlamba esikhonjwe ngokuqondile. Abantu abadala imvamisa imnyama, ililac noma nsomi ngombala futhi ifinyelela ubude obungu-5-9 cm. Ngaphandle, kufana nejelly ebolile yokudla okusheshayo okushibhile.

Abesilisa bahlala beincane kunabesifazane. Ngaphandle kobukhulu bawo obuncane, laba bantu base-amphibians bayakwazi ukumba imimbungulu ejulile ngemilenze yabo e-webbed yemisipha, engaba amamitha ayi-3-7 ukujula.

Impilo emhlabeni

Lama-amphibians ashiya ama-mink kuphela amasonto amabili ngonyaka, lapho isikhathi sezimvula ezinkulu eNtshonalanga India siqala. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukukhula kwabantu abadala kwenzeka. Futhi kungalesi sikhathi kuphela lapho ukwazi ukubona izilwane ezinhle emabhokisini emizimba yamanzi. Zihlangana eduze kwemifula, amachibi noma imisele.

Njengoba umzimba weduna mncane kunomzimba wowesifazane, uyakwazi ukugcina umbhangqwana wakhe ukuze ungangeni emanzini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isikhumba sowesilisa siveza into enamathele, ngosizo oluphuca lona wesifazane futhi singamvumeli ukuba athambe. Isimo samaqanda senzeka echibini. Inzalo ebanjiwe ayinasizungu kubazali, ama-tadpoles afunda ukuzihlalela, azenzele ukudla.

Ukuzala

Amaxoxo ansomi ahlala ngaphansi komhlaba, abhekabheka phezulu kuphela ngenkathi yenkathi yemvelo, ehlala amasonto ama-2 kuphela ngonyaka. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinsikazi zifuna amachibi amancane futhi zibeka amaqanda kuzo ebusuku. Imvamisa kuma-clutch kukhona amaqanda angaba ngu-3600.

Ngokushesha kuvela izimbotshana emaqandeni, okuthi lapho kuqala isomiso, lapho amachibi eqala ukoma, ahambe ngaphansi komhlaba. I-Metamorphosis inyamalala zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-100.

Le ndlela yokuphila yabonakaliswa kumenyu yalaba bantu abaphila ngokufana. Ukudla kwabo okusemqoka kungama-termite, kepha kwesinye isikhathi akakuvumeli ukudla izidleke kanye nezikelemu ezincane. Njengazo zonke izakhamuzi ezingaphansi komhlaba, isele elinsomi alinawo amehlo abukhali.

Ngenxa yolume lwayo oluncane nolimi oluhlangene, kanye nomuzwa omuhle kakhulu wokuthinta, lingamunca izinambuzane ezincane kusuka ezincungwini zazo. Ngenxa yokuthi la maxoxo amancane ahlala ngaphansi komhlaba nasendaweni engamamitha ayi-14 skwele. km, indlela yabo yokuphila kuze kube manje ifundwe kabi.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Kukhona futhi ezithile amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nexoxo onsomi. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, wabalwa phakathi kwezilwane ezingama-20 ezimbi kakhulu emhlabeni. Lolu hlobo lusongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngokuphelele, ngoba kuba nokuqothulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu kanye nokuqhuma kwesihlakala. I-International Red Book ifake le nhlobo yama-amphibians ohlwini lwayo, njengesilwane esingajwayelekile esibhekene nokuqothulwa.

Ngakho-ke sihlangane nommeleli ongajwayelekile walesi fauna. Ucabangani, kungenzeka ukwakheka ngokuvumayo ukudala izimo zokuba khona kwamaxoxo onsomi? Yabelana ngemicabango yakho kumazwana abekiwe.