Umuntu oluka amakhanda amnyama inyoni encane futhi enobungani kakhulu. Owesilisa walezi zinhlobo angakha ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwesidleke kusuka otshanini nasemithini yezitshalo.
Habitat. Kusatshalaliswa e-Afrika.
Habitat.
Umuntu oluka amakhanda amnyama uhlala entshonalanga maphakathi ne-Afrika, kanye nezindawo ezinkulu eningizimu mpumalanga yaleli zwekazi. Ukuze ahlaliswe khona, wathatha umkhuba wamawashi waso, imiphetho yamahlathi, izihlahla zesundu, amapaki nezingadi zemifino. Ukusondela kokuhlala kwabantu akuyikhathazi le nyoni, inqobo nje uma kunomthombo wamanzi eduzane. Emini, owalusa uchitha isikhathi esiningi ecasha ngaphansi kwesembozo samahlamvu.
Izinhlobo: Weaver onamakhanda amnyama - Ploceus cucullatus.
Umndeni: Weaver.
I-oda: Ondlunkulu.
Isigaba: Izinyoni.
I-Subtype: Ama-vertebrates.
Ezokuphepha.
Lolu hlobo alwesatshiswa ngokuqothuka namuhla. Ezinye izihlobo zomaluki onamakhanda amnyama - ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlala eziqhingini ezisogwini olusempumalanga ye-Afrika - zinempilo engaphansi kwempilo (ngokwesibonelo, inani elincane le-Seychelles weaver selitholakala esiqhingini esisodwa kuphela). Kepha abanye abamele umndeni owaluka, kufaka phakathi owaziwayo kunabo bonke - owekhanda elibomvu, bavame kakhulu futhi bakha bakhulu, baba izinkulungwane zemihlambi. Njengoba abeluki bekujabulela ukudla irayisi encane nokolweni, ezifundeni eziningi zezolimo kubhekwa njengezinambuzane, impela, ukuhambela insimu ngomhlambi omkhulu walezi zinyoni kungaqhathaniswa nomthelela wokuhlaselwa yisikhonyane. Yize abalimi e-Afrika bebulala izigidi zabaluki abakhokhiswa abomvu unyaka ngamunye, lokhu akunamphumela omningi kubantu.
Indlela yokuphila.
Umluki onamakhanda amnyama akayona indlela yokuhlala yedwa - kunalokho, wenza izixuku zamakhulu amaningi abantu. Ihola indlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi, le nyoni izama ukungayi kude kakhulu nezindawo ezijwayelekile, noma ifuna ukudla. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalela, lapho owaluka ekhathazekile ngokuthola umuthi ofanele wokudlekwa, inyoni isikulungele ukuhlala kunoma iyiphi indawo ethule lapho kungaba nokudla okwanele namanzi. Umluki ulinda amahora ashushu asemini emthunzini wamaqabunga, ngezikhathi ezithile endiza emgodini onkelayo. Kusihlwa, kanye nezihlobo zakhe, uhlela amakhonsathi enomsindo, futhi lapho kuqala ubusuku, alale aze alale kuze kuse. Ekuseni nangentambama, owaluka umatasatasa efuna ukudla. Ukudla kwale nyoni kuqukethe izinambuzane ezincane nezibungu zazo, ama-stamens, ama-ovary kanye nompe wezimbali, abanye badla futhi izilahla ezitholakala eduze kwezindlu zabantu. Ukuze ungabanjwa inyamazane, isilonda siyaphuza futhi sidle kancane futhi ngokushesha okukhulu, ngaphandle kokulangazelela umzuzwana owengeziwe. Imilenze yakhe iguqulwe kahle zombili ekuhambeni emhlabathini, nasekuhambeni kanye namagatsha. I-weaver iyi-flyer enhle kakhulu, izizwa inomoya ngokuzethemba futhi ikwazi ukumboza amabanga amakhulu. Phakathi kwabo abaluki bakhulumisana imisindo ephezulu, ekhalayo.
Ukuzala.
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwabaluki sibekwe ekuqaleni kwenkathi yemvula. E-exposes expanses, izinyoni zakha amakoloni afinyelela amashumi amaningana ngababili, bese ziqala ukwakha izidleke. Okokuqala, owesilisa ukhetha igatsha elifanele (empeleni ngemfoloko), bese eqala ukwakha indlu yotshani obuluhlaza, kwesinye isikhathi eluka izingcezu zamahlamvu esundu lapho. Esigabeni sokuqala, indandatho yohlaka eboshelwe ezinweleni zegatsha, khona-ke “izindonga” ziqala ukwakhiwa ngokuzungeza, bese umakhi onezinwele aqikelela ukuthi akukho zikhafu kuzo futhi, uma kunesidingo, akhonkotha okokugcina ngezingcezu zamaqabunga. Igumbi lokudlela nokungena lixhunywe yipaseji encane. Ngemuva kokuba umsebenzi usuqediwe, owesilisa udlondlobala. Uhleli egatsheni elibheke emnyango wendlu yesidleke, ngokunikina uphakamisa amaphiko akhe futhi akhiphe umsindo wokukhalaza. Kungekudala, udada onobuhle angangena esidlekeni, uma amakhono omakhi eziswa nguye, insikazi izophuma esidlekeni ivumele owesilisa ukuba aye kuye. Ngemuva kokuqamba, inkosikazi entsha ithathwa ngenkuthalo ukuze kwenziwe amalungiselelo, kufakwe indawo yokudla izidleke ngezicucu ezithambile zezitshalo. Ngaleso sikhathi, owesilisa, lapho eseqede ukuluka umgwaqo wokungena, uqala ukwakha isidleke esisha ukuze ahehe owesimame olandelayo (njengomthetho, ngesikhathi sokuzala uyakwazi ukuphatha amabele amabili). Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-2-3 ngezikhathi ezithile bese iwadonsa izinsuku eziyi-12. Ubaba usiza izingane ezizalwa. Isisekelo sokudliwa kwamachwane izinambuzane, ezikhulukazi ngesikhathi sezidleke. Intsha ihlala esidlekeni izinsuku ezingama-17-21, emva kwalokho ifunda ngokushesha ukundiza nokuthola inkululeko. Ukuphela kwesikhathi sokuzala kuphawulwa ngokuwohloka kwamakoloni, yize izakhamizi zawo zingaze zindize kude nezindawo ezidlekayo.
Uthi bewazi?
- Akubona bonke abaluki abakha izidleke: kunezinhlobo eziningana ezihlala ezidlekeni ezindala zezihlobo zazo ngesikhathi sokuzala.
- Ama-Ornithologists ahlukanisa imininingwane eyisishiyagalombili yalowomuntu onamakhanda amnyama, ehlukaniswa ngamaplageage nezindawo ezihlala kuzo. Emadodeni ezinhlobo ezingafani, izinhlobo ezingefani ze- “maski” omnyama ziyabonakala futhi isibalo sezimpaphe ezibomvu esizungezile asihlangani.
- Ingxenye encane yesisu somaluki iqukethe amatshe amancane asiza ukugaya okuphakelayo.
- Umbala we-iris wamehlo omuntu weaver uncike kubulili nobudala bomuntu. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, i-iris yowesilisa osekhulile ithola umbala obomvu ogcwele noma ophuzi bese igqama kakhulu kunowesifazane.
- Ezinye izinhlobo zabaluki zikhethe izingxenye ezithile zezimbali - ngokwesibonelo, kuphela okokubhula, izihlakala noma ama-ovary.
- Ekufuneni okuphakelayo, owaluki uyakwazi ukunqoba amakhilomitha angama-60 ngosuku.
I-Blackhead Weaver - I-Ploceus cucullatus
Ubude bomzimba: 15-17 cm.
I-Wingspan: 20 cm.
Isisindo: owesilisa - 41 g.
Inani lamaqanda: 2-3.
Isikhathi sokufakwa: izinsuku eziyi-12.
Ukudla: izinambuzane, okusanhlamvu, ama-stamens kanye ne-ovary yezimbali.
Ukuthomba: unyaka 1
Isikhathi sokuphila: iminyaka engama-5-6.
Isakhiwo.
Amehlo. Umfundi omnyama uzungezwe iris ephuzi noma ebomvu.
Umlomo. Uqhwaku olufushane nolunamandla - grey-black.
Umzimba. Umzimba mncane futhi mncane.
Izimpiko. Amaphiko amafushane amahle awavumeli ukuhlelwa.
Umbala. Ekhanda nasentanyeni, izimpaphe ikakhulukazi zimnyama, emuva zifakwe ngophuzi, ezinhlangothini nasiswini - kuphuzi okukhanyayo ngopende obomvu.
Umsila. Ebangeni eliphakathi nomsila, kuphuma izimpaphe ezijwayelekile eziphuzi.
Imilenze. Imilenze emincane yombala wepinki ayimboziwe izimpaphe.
Iminwe. Iminwe emithathu ibheke phambili, enye ibuyela emuva.
Izinhlobo ezihlobene.
Umndeni owalukayo unezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-130. Iningi lazo lihlala e-Afrika, ezinye zitholakala e-Asia naseziqhingini zoLwandlekazi i-Indian. Lezi ziyizinyoni ezihambisana kakhulu futhi ezinomsindo, izinhlobo eziningi zakha amakoloni enenqwaba yezakhamuzi ngasikhathi sinye. Ukusuka kukhula, imicu yezitshalo namagatsha, abaluki bakha izidleke eziyinkimbinkimbi. Amanye amalungu omndeni axwayekile, amanye anesithembu. Ezinye izinhlobo zithanda ukudla imbewu, kanti ezinye zithanda ukubhula kanye nezimbali ze-ovary.