Siyakwamukela, bomvelo, abancane hhayi! Namuhla, inkanyezi yangempela yekilasi lezilwane ezincelisayo igijime e-studio sethu! Ubani ohlonishwe kangaka? Ngicabanga ukuthi uyiqagele ngokufunda isihloko sengqephu. Hlangana ne- "misa ikhefu" endaweni yethu yokucabanga ... igundane elikhazimulayo! Musa ukujaha ukungiphonsa amaqanda abolile kimi! Ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu, akuyona nje induku ye-grey ongahlangana nayo ekhaya. Ngakho-ke yini engamangaza ababhalisile abahle kakhulu beNcwadi Yezilwane ngegundane, noma ngabe iyabukisa.

Konke kwaqala ngamahlaya waseKenya ngesilwane esingenakubanjwa, ngoba uphuma ngaphandle kwesikhumba sakhe. Lapho lezi zindaba sezifikile kusosayensi u-Ashley Seyfert kanye nezazi zebhayoloji eziqhamuka kithi sonke esithandekayo noma esingathandeki kangako e-USA. Behlome ngamathuluzi olwazi nokulungiselela, banquma ukuhlola amahemuhemu futhi bafika eKenya enobungane. Lapho bathola izinhlobo ezi-2 ezithokozisayo zamagundane ezinaliti (kwi-Acomys kempi ne-Acomys percivali).

Ngokubukeka, izilwane zaziyigundane (ngokungazelele.) Zinezidumbu ezinde ezi-7-13 cm, nomsila ongu-6-13 cm. Kodwa igundane lalingabizwa ngokuthi umuthi wenaliti uma lalingenazinalithi. Ngakho-ke, kulesi silo zitholakala ngemuva futhi ngaphandle kufana nama-hedgehogs. Umbala, njengalowo ozakwabo abasekhaya, uyahluka. Ungathola igundane kukho konke ukunambitheka. IPuziko imbozwe ngezinwele ezimhlophe ezithambile. Ngezwi - cutie!

Kepha, lapho bezama ukubamba lezi zinsimbi, ososayensi bawela ngokuphelele. Esikhundleni sesilwane esigcwele sigcwele, izingcezwana zesikhumba kuphela ezisele ezandleni zochwepheshe bezilwane. Futhi umbukeli we-mustachioed, sengathi akukho okwenzekile, waphunyuka, ekhazimula ngemisipha engenalutho! Ngakho-ke amagundane alahlekelwe aze afike ku-60% wendawo yoboya! Kamuva kwavela ukuthi isikhumba sesisu sintekenteke ngokwedlulele. Kwakukubi izikhathi ezingama-20 ukumelana nokwelulwa, futhi kuqhuma izikhathi ezingama-77 ngokulula kunamagundane ajwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu ompofu akanazo izindawo ezivikelwe! Isikhumba ngasinye se-cutie sibucayi ngendlela emangalisayo. Hlobo luni lwesabekayo? Umuntu angaphila kanjani kanjalo?

Ngokushesha impendulo yafika kule mfihlakalo yesayensi yezinto eziphilayo. Ngokungafani nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, izibazi azakhi izibazi, njengokujwayelekile, kepha ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu okuphelele kwenzeka. Okokuqala, amangqamuzana epithelial athuthela phezulu enxebeni, ngemuva kwalokho kuqoqwa amaseli afana ne-embryonic cell ngaphansi kwawo. Kusukela kokugcina, izinhlamvu zezinwele ezintsha ezigcwele zonke ziyakhula. Ukuvuselelwa ngokuphelele kwejazi (ngaphandle kwezibazi nezazi) kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-30 kuphela. Esikhundleni senxeba, noboya abuguquki umbala!

Ososayensi abangafinyeleleki ukubheka imingcele yamandla amakhulu wephakeji lethu likhiphe ingxenye yezindlebe ezivela kumagundane futhi yalandela ukululama kwayo. Ngokumangaza izazi zezinto eziphilayo, zonke izicubu zendlebe, ngaphandle kwemisipha, ziye zathola usizo ngempumelelo. Ngemuva kokuthuthumela okujulile, ososayensi baphetha ngokuthi izinqubo zamaselula ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwendlebe ziyefana nenqubo yokuvuselelwa kwamalunga ku-salamanders, reptiles kanye ne-arthropods. Kwezilwane ezincelisayo, lesi simo asibonakali nje.

Lesi siphathimandla esingajwayelekile sisetshenzisiwe, kusobala, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Lapho-ke, lapho umhlaseli ongagculiseki khona, kubonakala sengathi, ubambe imvuthuluka, esikhundleni sesidumbu esinamanzi, umzingeli uthola, haha, isikhumba kuphela emlonyeni wakhe / izilenge zakhe kanye nengxenye yokululazeka ngaphezu kwalokho. Kuyiqiniso, izitho nezitho zomgundane obunjwe ngenaliti azikhuli, njengama-salamanders. Kodwa-ke, ukufunda izici zalo cutie kuzosiza ukuqonda ukuthi ungabuyisela kanjani isikhumba ne-cartilage kubantu ngaphandle kokuguqukela ekuguquliseni nasekuhlinzwa, ngokwesibonelo ngemuva kokushiswa. Yize kunjalo, aze afike kumaphesenti angama-80 ezakhi zofuzo ahlangana nezimpuku! Ngakho-ke, bonisa inhlonipho ngalezi zenzo!

Ngaphandle kwalokho, igundane lenaliti alilihlukile kakhulu kubalingani balo abaneziphiwo ezingatheni. Ukuphila endaweni ese-East East, eziqhingini zaseKhupro naseKrethe. Futhi, i-cutie ingatholakala endaweni enkulu ye-Afrika. Bancamela ukulala emini, bayasebenza ebusuku nasekuseni. Lapho bafuna i-zakuson bangagijima kuze kufike ku-15 km ngosuku. Okudingwa ngamagundane, ngicabanga ukuthi, akufanelekile ukukuchaza. Ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane kuhlala amasonto angama-4-5. Umama ukhiqiza kufika ku-5 tugoser ngasikhathi. Lapho zifinyelela ezinyangeni ezi-3, amagundane ase eseba badala impela futhi angakwazi ukuzala.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amagundane akhazimulayo angagcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Uma ufuna ukuthola umndeni wama-superheroes ama-5 uzowadinga: ikheji (i-aquarium) enobukhulu okungenani 90x30x40 cm, etholakala endaweni ethule futhi efudumele. Ilitha, ngoba izilwane zihlanzekile kakhulu. Yebo, isondo lomsebenzi, ukuze amagundane angabhukudi ngamafutha. Njengokwelapha, unganikeza i-orange.

Konke okuhle, thanda amagundane!

Incwadi Yezilwane yayinawe.

Isithupha phezulu, ukubhalisa - ukusekela umsebenzi wombhali.

Yabelana ngemibono yakho kumazwana, sihlala siwafunda.

Incazelo yeRentent

Umzimba wegundane lenalitha ungama-7-13 cm, umsila ubude yi-6-13 cm. Amehlo makhulu, izindlebe zikhulu, ziyindilinga. Ingemuva limbozwe ngezinaliti ezifana ne-hedgehog. Umbala uyahlukahluka; kuphuzi okuphuzi, okumpunga nokumpunga okumnyama. Ukusuka ngezansi umzimba umbozwe izinwele ezimhlophe ezithambile. Emadodeni amadala, i-mane eyinqayizivele yohlobo olude lwentambo entanyeni.

Amagundane ngenaliti akwaziyo ukwenza kabusha. Lapho kuvela izimo eziyingozi, alahlekelwa isikhumba sazo, futhi izibazi azakheli endaweni yamanxeba, njengakuzo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, kodwa kwenzeka kabusha kwazo okugcwele.

Izici Zokudla Kwenaliti Yomouse

Amagundane ngenaliti kukhona omnivores. Zidla isitshalo (okusanhlamvu, i-oatmeal, i-oats, amajikijolo, imifino nezithelo, amantongomane, iziqandayo, imbewu yojongilanga, ukolweni, amabele, i-dandelion) nokudla kwezilwane (amakhethini, izibungu zikafulawa, amacimbi kanye nohudo, izimpukane, izimpukane, inhlanzi yasolwandle nenyama yenkomo , amaqanda, ukhokho ushizi).

Lapho zizalaniswa ekhaya, kufakwa ama-eyehell okuchobozekile ekudleni kwabo ukuze kunikezwe izinga le-calcium elifunekayo. Futhi njengendlela yokwelapha banika amawolintshi. Kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi ekuthunjweni, amagundane enaliti athambekele ukuthola isisindo esithe xaxa.

Ukusakazwa Kwenalithi

Izwe lamagundane ngenaliti yi-Western Asia (Saudi Arabia, Cyprus neCrete, iningi le-Afrika). Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu emvelweni ngamagundane ngenaliti waseCairo (Acomys cahirinus).

Lawa ma-rod ayahlala kuma-minks, wona ngokwawo awemba, kwesinye isikhathi asebenzisa imisele eyilahliwe yezinye izinhlobo.

Igundane leCairo (ama-Acomys cahirinus)

Likhudlwana kunegundane lendlu ngosayizi. Ubude bomzimba ongu-7.5-14 cm, ubude bomsila 9-14 cm, isisindo somzimba esingu-21-64 g. Amehlo nezindlebe zikhulu, isizumbulu sikhombe ngesimo, umsila mude, isikali, emuva kunezinwele ezi-spiky. Umbala ubomvu onsundu. Isisu simhlophe, izindlebe zisesezingeni, imivimbo ngaphansi kwamehlo nemilenze imhlophe qwa phezulu.

Izinhlobo lezi zivame empumalanga mpumalanga ye-Afrika, eLibya naseGibhithe, eSudan, e-Ethiopia nase-Djibouti.

I-Oriental Spiny Mouse (Ama-Acomys dimidiatus)

Ubude bomzimba bungama-95-124 mm, ubude bomsila buyi-93-122 mm, isisindo cishe singama-45 g. Umzimba ngaphezulu udwetshwe ngombala onsundu, isisu simhlophe. Kukhona abantu abamibala emnyama.

Indawo le ifaka phakathi iSinayi, iJordani, i-Israyeli, iLebanoni, iSyria, iSaudi Arabia ne-Yemen, i-Oman kanye ne-UAE, i-Iraq, i-Iran nePakistan.

I-Cretan Spiny Mouse (Ama-Acomys minous)

Ubude bomzimba bungama-90-130 mm, ubude bomsila buyi-90-120 mm, isisindo sisuka kuma-30 kuye kuma-86 g. Ingaphezulu lingwevu ngaphezulu, liphuzi ngokubomvu ezinhlangothini, isisu simhlophe. Amehlo nezindlebe zikhulu, umsila ulukhuni, izinwele ezingemuva zifana nenaliti.

Isiphelo seKrethe, lapho le nhlobo ihlala khona ezindaweni ezomile, ezinamadwala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Igundane lenaliti legolide (I-Acomys russatus)

Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-11 cm, ubude bomsila buba ngu-7.5 cm, isisindo esingu-37-75 g.Ijazi elibomvu elinombala osawolintshi limboza wonke umzimba bese lifihla isilwane ngemuva komgwaqo wezintaba zesihlabathi. Izinhlangothi kanye nesisu zimhlophe, imilenze ingwevu ngotshwala abamnyama. Kunemivimbo emhlophe ngaphansi kwamehlo.

Ihlala eGibhithe, empumalanga yoMfula iNayile, eNhlonhlo yeSinayi, eJordani nakwa-Israyeli, eSaudi Arabia nasenyakatho yeYemen, e-Oman.

Isimilo Sokulimala kwenalithi

Umsebenzi wesikhathi wamagundane ngenaliti ubusuku nokusa. Emini, bafihla ukushisa emunweni wabo, emifantwini yamatshe nasemifantweni ematsheni. Bangakwazi ukugibela izihlahla. Igundane elikhazimulayo lingagijima cishe amakhilomitha ayi-15 ngosuku. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, isilwane siqeda uboya nezinaliti.

Ama-Akomis ahlala ngamaqembu, oyinhloko ngowesifazane. Abantu beqembu elifanayo badla futhi balale ndawonye, ​​banakekelana, ngokwesibonelo, basiza ngesikhathi sokubeletha, abesifazane bavame ukukhulisa izintandane. Lapho bethuthela kwenye insimu, bonke abantu abadala baphethe amathole abo nawakwamanye amazwe.

Amagundane ngenaliti acocekile kakhulu futhi azinakekele ngokucophelela. Izingane nazo zihlala zihlanzekile, indlu yangasese isendaweni eyodwa.

Ukukhiqizwa Kwenalithi Yemouse

Ukukhulelwa egundwini yenaliti yabesifazane kuhlala amasonto angama-4-5. Kwisibalo esisodwa, izingane ezi-1-5 ezizalwa zikhule kahle zinesisindo somzimba esibalelwa ku-7 g ziyabonwa lapho zizalwa, futhi lapho sezinezinyanga ezingama-2-3 zifinyelela ekukhulelweni. Isilinganiso sokuphila esijwayelekile siyiminyaka emi-3, kwesinye isikhathi sifinyelela eminyakeni emi-5.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngegundane:

• Amagundane ezinaliti avame ukugcinwa ekhaya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, zitholela i-aquarium yengilazi, evalwe ngenhla ngesibuko esihle. Indawo yezintwala ezinhlanu kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-90 cm ngama-30 cm ngama-40 cm. Uma usebenzisa iseli, amaseli akuyo kufanele abe ngu-1 cm ngo-1 cm ukuze igundwane lingabaleki. Izindlu zegundane elikhazimulayo zitholakala endaweni ethule, enokuthula, ngaphandle kwelanga eliqhakazile nezinhlaka. Phansi kufakwe ngesihlabathi noma ama-cobs ommbila, futhi kuyashintshwa lapho kuba ngcolile. Ukwakha isidleke, amagundane ashiywe ngezingcezu zephepha, izindwangu zikotini, utshani, hay. Ukushisa ngaphakathi kweseli akufanele kwehle ngaphansi kwama-27 ° C, futhi umswakama akufanele udlule i-50%. Futhi lapho kuhlala khona amagundane kubekwa izitebhisi ezahlukahlukene, izintambo, phansi namagatsha ukuze kulondolozwe indlela yokuphila esebenzayo futhi kuvikele ukunqwabelana kwesisindo ngokweqile. Amagundane ezinaliti ajwayele ukudingiswa, afuya kahle futhi azalaniswa. Kubalulekile ukubanikeza ukudla okuhlukahlukene, ukugcina ukuhlanzeka ekhejini kanye nokuphila kwempilo ekhuthele kakhulu, ukuze izilwane ezifuywayo zijabulise abanini bazo ngomsebenzi wazo isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.

Inaliti yeMouse

Igundane lenaliti libukeka ngokufana ne-rodent ejwayelekile. Ifinyelela kubude obungu-7 kuya ku-12 cm, inesifinyezo esincanyana sesimo esincanyana esinamadlebe ayindilinga nangamehlo amakhulu amnyama. Isilwane sinejazi eliqinile, umthunzi wawo ongahluka ubomvu ubomvu ube nesihlabathi segolide. Igundane lenaliti laba negama laso ngenxa yezinaliti ezitholakala ngemuva, ezinombala ofana noboya, ngakho-ke azibonakali. Kodwa-ke, uma zinomthunzi omnyama ukwedlula oyinhloko, ziyagqama futhi zibukeka zihle impela.

Ama-zoologists amaningi awanikeli incazelo yokuthi kungani igundane lenaliti lidinga izinaliti, ngoba alizisebenzisi njengokuvikelwa.

Igundane lenaliti noma cha?

Uma ngesikhathi sokutholwa kwesilwane unikezwa igundane lapho kungenameva khona, lapho-ke azama ukukunika umelele ohluke ngokuphelele kumndeni wegundane. Akunandaba noma yikuphi ukuphikisana kwabathengisi maqondana nokubonakala okwengeziwe kwezinaliti, lesi silwane akuyona igundane lenaliti. Kungenzeka ukuthi, bazama ukukuthengisela igundane laseCairo, elalihlala indawo yokuhlonipha phakathi kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezihlukile.

Abamele abanjalo bahlala endaweni yaseGibhithe futhi bahlala endaweni efanayo lapho amagundane asazijwayele. Kweminye imikhangiso kwi-Intanethi, abathengisi babhala ngokuchaza ukuthi i-Cairo negundane elikhazimulayo ziyafana. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akulona iqiniso, ngoba bayizinhlobo ezihluke ngokuphelele zomndeni wegundane.

Imikhuba endle

Amagundane ngenaliti a-Acomis ahlala ezindaweni zama-savannah omile kanye nama-semi-desertert, akhiwe e-Afrika, kanye nasePakistan nase-Iran. Kujwayelekile ukuthi izilwane zizimbele izimbobo, noma zizifihle ezindaweni zokugcina amadwala. Kodwa-ke, zingaba nendawo enkulu yesigodi noma umgodi womunye umuntu. Ama-Akomis asebenza ebumnyameni, ngakho-ke, le nto kufanele icatshangwe ngaphambi kokuba nesilwane esinjalo ekhaya lakho.

Izici Zezindlu

Igundane elikhazimulayo, okuqukethwe kwalo kudinga izimo ezithile, kuzozizwa kahle ikheji elinokuqina okuqinile namaseli angama-1 x 1 cm, noma ngaphansi. Ubukhulu bendlu ye-Akomis kufanele okungenani bube ngu-0.4x0.4x0.6 m., Kepha kubantu abahlukahlukene kungcono ukuthola ikheji elinosayizi we-0.9x0.3x0.4 m.

Ngokufaka phansi, ungasebenzisa izingcezu zamaphepha amhlophe, sawdust noma amaqabunga omile. Ukuhlinzeka ngezimo ezintofontofo zesilwane sakho, udinga ukuhlela kuleyo gage amagatsha ezihlahla eziqabulayo, amagundane azogaya ngawo amazinyo akhula njalo. Udinga nokubeka umkhombe wokudlela ozinzile, isitsha sokuphuza esisebenzayo kanye netshe lamaminerali elenzelwe izinduku.

Ngaphakathi kweseli kufanele kubekwe:

kanye namathoyizi ahlukahlukene okufanele agezwe okungenani kanye ngezinsuku eziyisikhombisa.

Kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka isilwane ngendlu, ngesimo somsele ngokuphuma ezinhlangothini zombili, lapho azolala khona, futhi nokukhiqiza inzalo ekukhanyeni. Izinto zokwakha isidleke zingaba iphepha lasendlini yangasese, hay noma utshani. IVata kufanele ingafakwa ngaphandle, kunamathuba aphezulu okuwohloka kwempilo yesilwane ngenxa yokuvinjwa kwamathumbu.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Akomis

Zonke izinsuku udinga ukuqeda izinsalela zokudla nemfucumfucu eqoqwe emgedeni, futhi kubalulekile ukugeza izondli kanye nezitsha zokuphuza. Isitezi siguqulwa kaningi ngaphezulu kwezinsuku eziyi-7. Igundane elikhazimulayo iyisilwane esincane esihle kakhulu, esivame ukuya endlini yangasese endaweni efanayo, futhi, ngakho-ke, akunaphutha elimnandi kuso. Ungasebenzisa futhi i-aquarium njengezindlu, kepha kufanelekile ukubheka ukuthi ukuhlanza kuzoba nzima kakhulu kunasesikheji, kanye nezinkinga zokungena komoya kanye nomswakama ofanele endlini yezilwane ezifuywayo.

Njengoba ama-akomis eziphatha kakhulu ebumnyameni, angaphazamisa abanini bawo ngemisindo engaphandle nokugqwala.

Uma ukuzalaniswa kwamagundane ngenaliti kungahlelwanga, kungcono ukugcina abantu abaningana, okungcono abesilisa, ngoba banomoya ophansi kakhulu kunabamele abesifazane.

Uma izingane zizalwa, kufanele zidluliselwe ku-aquarium, njengoba ama-akomis eqala ukusuka ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, ngokulandelana, angaphunyuka ekhejini. Amagundane ngenaliti asebenza kakhulu ekuseni nakusihlwa. Esikhathini sasemini, laba abamele ama-rodent bakhetha ukuphumula endlini. Enye into ehlukanisa i-akomis ukukwazi kwabo ukulala ngenkathi bangavale amehlo abo.

Umsila wegundane obunjwe ngenaliti ungaqhuma lapho kwenzeka isimo esiyingozi noma ukuvezwa, kanye nasendaweni yesibungu. Noma kunjalo, entsha ayikhuli emuva, ngakho-ke, awukwazi ukuzama ukubamba isilwanyana ngomsila, noma ukufaka isondo lamagundane ekhejini lawo.

Ukuphakelwa kwenaliti yenaliti

Isilinganiso segundane lenaliti lihlukahlukene kakhulu, ngoba lithanda cishe noma yimuphi umkhiqizo. Ekhaya, yondla isilwane:

• imbewu ikhabe kanye ithanga,
• imbewu yokusanhlamvu, enjenge-oats noma ukolweni,
• izithelo
• imifino
• izingcezu zesinkwa.

Abesifazane abazala inzalo kufanele bondliwe ushizi wekhokho kanye namaqanda. Futhi, igundane lenaliti lincamela izinambuzane, kuphela udinga ukungabandakanyi ezifuywayo, ngoba ama-acomis angaba nobuthi. Uma inani elikhulu lokudla okunoshukela likhona ekudleni, amanzi awanakunikezwa.

Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukondla ama-akomis, njengamagundane amaningi amancane, ngamakhethini asemakhonteni. Muva nje, sekuthengiswe amakheli ezindlini agqunywe ngotshani. Lapho kuvunwa, baphathwa ngompetha, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isazi samakhemikhali kanye nezinye iziqholo. Okuqukethwe embizeni akuqukethe jelly noma uketshezi, ngumkhiqizo wemvelo kuphela. Amakhethini endlu aqukethe amaprotheni amaningi, i-iron, i-calcium, ama-amino acid ayi-9, ama-omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, amavithamini B12, chitin, oligosaccharides. Zinamafutha ambalwa, okusho ukuthi unganikeza ukudla okunjalo esilwaneni sakho cishe akunamikhawulo. Amagundane adla ngokwanele njengoba edinga. Ungazijwayela ngomkhiqizo ngemininingwane eminingi futhi wenze i-oda ngaphandle kokushiya ikhaya lakho.

Inqubo yokuzala

Sesifinyelele eminyakeni engama-7 amasonto, amagundane ngenaliti ayakwazi ukuzala. Kanye ngenyanga nengxenye, kuzalwa izingane, ngenani lezicucu ezi-2. Owesifazane uzokondla amathole amasonto ama-2. Abantu abasha bazalwa bembozwe izinwele ezimpunga nangamehlo avulekile. Izinsana zikhula zize zibe yizinyanga eziyisithupha, kepha uma kukhona okwanele kuzo e-aquarium zingalwa, ngakho-ke insikazi iyakwazi ukudla iwhole. Ukuze uvikele umphumela onjalo, izinsana kufanele zihlukaniswe nabantu abadala ikakhulukazi emavikini angama-2-3 ngemuva kokuzalwa.

Ama-Akomis ahlala endaweni yemvelo iminyaka emi-3, kepha ekhaya angaphila iminyaka eyi-8.

Izici Zokulinganisa

I-Akomis igundane yenaliti ilungile kakhulu ekuthengeni. Kodwa-ke, akufanele uzame ngokushesha ukukuthatha, kufanele uqale uwondle ngesandla. Ngemuva kokuthi isilwane sesijwayele ukuba khona kwakho, ungazama ukusibeka esandleni sakho futhi sikuyeke kufane lapho. Awukwazi ukuthatha igundane lenaliti ngomsila, ngoba lingaqhuma. Ngemuva kwenkathi ethile yesikhathi, isilwane sakho sizokujwayela ngokuphelele, futhi ungasithatha kalula ezandleni zakho.

Uyayithanda i-athikili? Thatha udonga lwakho, weseke iphrojekthi!

Kubathandi be-exoticism, isilwane esingajwayelekile esivela ekuqeshweni kweRodent, igundane lenaliti, sithakazelisa kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi lesi silwane asikukhuthazi ukudla, asinephunga elingajabulisi, senziwa kahle amathambo, sivame ukugcinwa endimeni yezilwane ezifuywayo.

Incazelo

Lesi silwane esincane esivela emndenini wakwaMouse (esukela ngosayizi kusuka ku-7 kuye ku-17 cm) sinamanye amagama - i-akomis, igundane elinomzimba obunjwe ngenaliti waseGibhithe. Isisindo sabantu abadala asidluli kuma-50 g.Ukuqapheleka kwalezi zilwane kulele kulayini wezinwele, okuyiyo emuva inaliti yangempela. Ingxenye yomzimba wonke imbozwe izinwele ezithambile zesihlabathi noma ngombala onsundu, kuphela isisu nesifuba kulula, kwesinye isikhathi kube mhlophe ngokuphelele. Kwabesilisa abadala, uboya ekhanda bude, obudala ukufana kobuqili.

Esihlalweni esincane esifiphele kukhona ubuhlalu obumnyama bamehlo kanye ne-vibrissa ende, ngosizo isilwane sithambekele kalula emkhathini. Izindlebe ezimile ezingomahamba nendlwana ezisebenza phezulu zisezingeni eliphakeme. Kuboshwe unyawo olubanzi emilenzeni emifushane. Umsila ucishe ubude obufanayo nomzimba, futhi ufana nerandi. Kuyinto ntekenteke kakhulu, imvamisa iyaphula futhi endle isiza ukusindisa impilo yesilwane, esiyilahla ngesikhathi sengozi.

Igundane elikhazimulayo (isithombe singabukwa ekhasini) liphila iminyaka emithathu kuya kwengu-8, kuya ngemibandela yokuboshwa.

Izindawo zokusatshalaliswa

Izwe lakulezi zilwane yiSaudi Arabia, i-Afrika, iziqhingi zaseKrethe naseCyprus, eNtshonalanga Asia. I-Savannah ne-semi-desert, ephethwe yizindawo ezinamadwala nesihlabathi, yindawo yabo abayithandayo. I-Akomis (igundane yenaliti) ihlela izidleke emifantwini yamatshe, phakathi kwamatshe, kwesinye isikhathi kuhlale imisele yeminye imicu.

Njengezilwane ezifuywayo, izilwane zivame kakhulu namuhla emhlabeni jikelele.

Impilo endalweni

Lezi zilwane zifihla ezitheni ikakhulukazi emashalofini, kepha lapho kungekho lezo ezibalekayo. Ngaphandle kwemilenze yayo emifushane, igundane lingagibela amabanga angama-15 ngosuku. Uma isimo singenathemba, futhi singekho ithuba lokuphunyuka, lesi silwane sizama ukwethusa isitha ngokusakaza izinaliti zazo, okwenza kubonakale sikhulu kunokuba sinjalo ngempela.

Ama-Akomis ahlala ngamaqembu, ekhanda kuwo ngalinye lawo ngowesifazane. Akukho zingxabano phakathi kwamalungu omphakathi owodwa. Amagundane abonisa ukukhathalela okumangalisa izihlobo, aletha amawundlu ndawonye futhi anakekelana. Omama bayakwazi ukondla abantu abangabazi abasele abayintandane. Imikhuba enjalo isiza izilwane ukuba ziphila ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zentlango. Akathandi ukushisa, ngakho-ke uphila impilo esebenzayo ikakhulukazi ebusuku.

Ukuxhumana njalo nalezi zilwanyana ezimangalisayo kubenza babe ngabanqenayo ngokuphelele. Muva nje, amagundane avame ukugcinwa endimeni yezilwane ezifuywayo. Uma ucabanga ukuthi zihlala emindenini, kuyanconywa ukuthi uhlale unezilwane eziningana, lapho okungenani abesifazane abayisi-2 besilisa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isoka elicasulayo ngeke linikeze ukuphumula kuphela kwalo elikhethiwe. Awukwazi ukugcina abesilisa abaningi kanye nabesifazane, ngoba kuzoba nokulwa phakathi kwabo, ngenxa yokuthi izilwane zingakhubazeka noma zibulale ezibuthakathaka.

Okokunye, amagundane enaliti azizwa emuhle ekhaya, futhi abukho ubunzima obukhethekile anabo. Kepha ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokunethezeka kwesilwane sakho esifuywayo, uzodinga indlu ehlonyelwe ngokukhethekile.

Ukuthuthuka ekhaya

Ukukhetha ikheji lensimbi njengendawo yokuhlala kwamagundane, kubalulekile ukuthi ubukhulu bamaseli alo lingabi ngaphezu kuka-1 x 1 cm. Isimo esibalulekile sokuphila ngokunethezeka kwama-akoms indawo engaphezulu. Ukuze kwenzeke lokhu, zonke izinhlobo zamashalofu, izitebhisi, i-driftwood, njll zibekwa ekhaya labo. Ukuze kwaneliswe isidingo salezi zilwane ekuhambeni, kubalulekile ukufaka isondo. Kumele ifakwe ngokuqinile, ibe nezindonga eziqinile eziqinile ukuvikela ukulimala komsila obuthaka. Ububanzi be Wheel - okungenani 13 cm.

Izimbiza eziningana ezinokuphuma ezimbili zibekwa emkhombeni wokuhlela isidleke nokususa inzalo. Enye yezimo ezibaluleke kakhulu ukungabikho kwezinto zepulasitiki. Amagundane angawabhoboza kalula ngokugwinya izingcezu, okuzoholela ekulimaleni. Ukugaya izisekelo faka amabhlogo amancane okhuni noma amagatsha esihlahla.

Izinto ezahlukahlukene zisetshenziswa njengodoti - sawdust, isihlabathi, utshani, amaqabunga omile, i-moss. Igundane elikhazimulayo iyisilwane esihle kakhulu, sihlomisa indlu yangasese endaweni eyodwa. Ngakho-ke, udoti uvame ukuguqulwa ungabi ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezintathu ngesonto.

Ikheji nesitsha sokuphuza esinamanzi kufanele kube khona njalo ezinkanjini. Ngale njongo, izitsha zobumba eziwugqinsi zilungele ukuthi izilwane zingakwazi ukuqothula. Kanye ngesonto, zonke izinto ezisekhombeni zigezwa ngamanzi afudumele nensipho. Indawo yekhaya lamagundane ikhethwa kude nemishini yokushisa nelanga. Okusalungiswa kufanele kugwenywe. Amazinga okushisa athambile kakhulu ezilwaneni ngu-25-27 ° C, umswakama ungama-30-35%.

Ukondla

Ama-Akomis adinga amaprotheni ezilwane, ngakho-ke ngesonto anikezwa noma izintethe. Esikhundleni salokho kudliwayo okunjalo yi-cottage shizi, iyogathi, iprotheni yamaqanda abilisiwe, inkukhu ebilisiwe noma isibindi. Konke lokhu kuyadingeka ngamanani amancane. Wonke umuntu uyazi uthando lwabamele balo mndeni ushizi, kepha akunconywa ukuba ulunikeze izilwane ezifuywayo, ngoba lo mkhiqizo uqukethe izakhi eziyingozi kubo - usawoti kanye nezinye izinhlaka zokulondolozwa kwezifo. Zibhekiswe kunoma yikuphi ukudla okunezipayisi noma okunamafutha.

Umthombo we-calcium, okudingwa yigundane inaliti, unamaqanda aqhekekile. Ezitolo zezilwane ungathenga amatshe akhethekile amaminerali aklanyelwe izinduku, izinti zekhabhoni ezenziwe ukuthi zisebenze nezingavithamini. Kudingeka kuphela ukubonana nodokotela wezilwane kusenesikhathi.

Ukudla ku-feeder kufanele kube njalo, ngoba izinqubo ze-metabolic ezilwaneni ziqhubeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Kubalulekile nje ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi ayilali phansi futhi ayonakalisi. Amanzi adinga ukushintshwa nsuku zonke, kanye nokuqapha inhlanzeko yomondli.

Ukuzala

Kusuka ezinyangeni ezintathu zeminyaka, i-akomis isivele ibhekwe njengokuvuthwa ngocansi. Ezinsukwini ezingama-42 ngemuva kokuzala, insikazi izala amawundlu enesisindo esingadluli kuma-6 g. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi isuka ku-1 iye ku-3, kepha kwesinye isikhathi izingane ezi-5 ziyenzeka nakudoti. Bahlukile kosana ngoba bazimele ngokuphelele. Kusukela ngosuku lokuqala, igundane elincane lenaliti lingenza ngaphandle kwabazali (isithombe ngezansi).

Kubukeka kuhluke kakhulu kunokwezizwe zokuhlobisa - umzimba umbozwe ngoboya, izinaliti ezithambile ngemuva, ikhanda likhulu, kanti imilenze yinde. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi amehlo ezinsana avulekile. Izingane ngokushesha zizama ukuqala ukuhamba. Bayakwazi ukuzilawula ngokuzimela zokushisa komzimba, ngakho-ke abazizwa beswele kakhulu ukushisa kukamama. Noma kunjalo, kwamanye amasonto amathathu izintokazi zidla ubisi. Yena, unakekela amawundlu, awakhonkxe ngokucophelela.

Eminyakeni yenyanga eyodwa, izingane zihlukaniswa nonina ziye eqenjini elijwayelekile lezilwane. Izilwane ezincane azigcinwa zodwa ngokwahlukana, ngoba lokhu kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo futhi kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi amagundane awanawo amandla okuxhumana nohlobo lwawo.

Izici zokuziphatha

Igundane elikhazimulayo iyisilwane sasebusuku. Uziphethe kahle ebumnyameni. Lapho uthenga isilwane esinjalo, kufanele ulungele iqiniso lokuthi ebusuku kuzoba nokugqwala, i-squeak neminye imisindo. Emini, isilwane kungenzeka singabonakali, siphumule ku-mink. Amandla amangalisayo okulala ngamehlo avulekile anegundane legundane.

Awukwazi ukuthatha igundane ngenaliti ngomsila - ulimele kakhulu, futhi isilwane sengahlukana naso kalula. Lokhu kuyenzeka nangengozi. Akusikho nje ukuthi lezi zilwane ezinokutholwa okufushane lapho zitholakala khona ngokwemvelo.

Isimilo

Amagundane ngenaliti azizwa engcono kakhulu eqenjini. Abona abanolaka, abanobungane kakhulu. Ukusiza omunye komunye ekuziloliseni, izinsikazi zikhulisa inzalo ndawonye.

Ngezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, ubudlelwano nama-akomis abufaki - bahlala bephangwa amakati, izinja ngisho nezinyoni. Akufanele uthathe izingozi, uvumele izilwane ukuba zihambe ngezinyawo, kungcono ukuzinikela indawo ebanzi nephephile. Uma kunekati endlini, ipallet idinga ukuvikeleka kahle, futhi i-carabiner kumele yenziwe ekhejini.

Ezinganeni ezincane, ukukhulumisana okusondelene namagundane kungaholela ekulimeni, kanti ezifuywayo ngokwazo ziba sengozini yokulimala. Ngakho-ke, isitokisi kufanele sibekwe endaweni engafinyeleleki futhi ivalwe ngokuphephile. Izingane kuphela ezineminyaka engaphezu kwe-6 ezazi ukuthi ziziphatha kanjani izilwane ezingathenjwa ngezilwane ezifuywayo ezinjengegundane lenaliti. Ukunakekelwa, okubandakanya ukondla, ukuhlanza ikheji, kule minyaka ingane isivele inekhono.

Ukulayishwa

Ukuntuleka kokuxhumana kuholela ngokushesha eqinisweni lokuthi amagundane abalelwa endle. Banesistimu yezinzwa eyeqisa ngokweqile futhi bayakwazi ukufa ngenxa yokwesaba kwezinye izikhathi - lapho bethathwa kungazelelwe, kanye nasemisindo ephakeme nebukhali. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, kuyadingeka ukufundisa izilwane kubantu, kuphela kuyadingeka ukwenza lokhu ngokucophelela, ukukhombisa ukunakekelwa okukhulu nokunakwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, amagundane angabona ngisho nomnikazi wawo ngokuhogela, aphendule ebizweni bese eza nokuzola.

Isifo

Sekukonke, ama-akomisy (amagundane afunayo) abe nempilo enhle. Zingaki izilwane ezihlala ekhaya kuya ngekhwalithi yokunakekelwa kwazo. Iminyaka ephezulu yezilwane ezifuywayo ezingafinyelela kuyo ineminyaka engu-8. Ngokungafani namanye amagundane, mancane amathuba okuthi ahlushwe yizinkinga ezifana nohlobo oluhlukile lwesimila. Kulezi zifo ezingathatheli kalula, ukukhuluphala, ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, abezindaba ze-otitis kanye nokuntuleka kwe-Vitamin kuvame kakhulu. Ukuzondla okungahambi kahle kungaholela ezifweni zohlelo lokugaya ukudla.

Ngenxa yokubukeka okungajwayelekile kogundane lwenaliti, ukuhlanzeka kwabo okumangazayo kanye nokuntuleka kwephunga lezinto eziningi zamagundane, abantu abengeziwe bazikhethela indima yezilwane ezifuywayo.

Igundane elibunjwe ngenaliti (i-Acomys cahirinus) liyinduku evela emndenini wezintwala, isizinda esingama-deominoids. Imvamisa lezi zilwane zibizwa nje ngokuthi ama-akomis.

Ukuvela kwegundane lenaliti

Lezi zilwane ezibukeka ngokumangazayo zinobude obungamasentimitha ayishumi nane, kufaka nomsila, okuthi ngasendleleni, kube cishe yingxenye yobude besilwane. Isisindo se-akomis esikhulile sisukela kuma-40 kuya kwangama-48 amagremu. Mhlawumbe isici esivelele kunazo zonke salawa amagundane 'izinaliti' ezikhula ezinqeni zazo. Njengomthetho, lezi zinaliti zipendiwe ngombala ophuzi ophuzi. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi kunezinaliti ze-tan nezimpunga ezimnyama. Umzimba onsundu noma unesihlabathi esikhanyayo futhi sincike eminyakeni yegundane: mdala kangakanani, umnyama umzimba ophansi. Isifuba nesisu segundane lenalimboleko zimbozwe izinwele ezimhlophe nezithambile. Abesilisa abavuthiwe ngocansi banezinwele ezinde kunezabesilisa nabesilisa abangakavuthiwe, lapho kubukeka kubukeka njengohlobo lwe-mane. Umsila we-Akomis awunamandla futhi awukhohlakali ngokwedlulele.

Amagundane ezinaliti ayizilwane ezingajwayelekile, ngokubukeka kwazo kuphela abukeka njengamagundane.

Isigaxa segundane elimise okwenalithi lincane, Amehlo makhulu futhi amnyama, izindlebe ezinjengebuhlalu zisebenza ngokukhululeka, ziyindilinga, zinkulu futhi zibunjiwe. Ama-Akomis vibrissae amade kakhulu, okuyinzuzo ebalulekile yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Imilenze yangemuva yegundane yenalithi imfushane futhi inonyawo olubanzi.

I-physiology yegundane yenaliti

Njengoba igundwane lenaliti lingelokuhleleka kwamagundane, into esetshenziselwa imizimba yabo icishe ingaqondakali kusuka kudivayisi yabanye baleli qembu.
Isici esisegundwini legundane lenalithi, noma kunjalo, njengezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, ukuthi, njengezinye izibankwa, zingaphonsa umsila wazo uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi. Isizathu salokhu ubunzima bokwehla komsila. Ngenxa yalokhu, amagundane amaningi enaliti engokwemvelo athola amagundane anomsila omfishane.

Igundane lenaliti lifinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba sezinezinyanga ezintathu ubudala, kodwa kwezinye izimo likwazi ukuzala lineminyaka emibili. Isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari futhi siphela ngoSepthemba.

Isikhathi sokukhulelwa siyizinsuku ezingama-42, kuthi emva kwalokho insikazi ibelethe amagundane amathathu noma amathathu. Kwezinye izimo, inani labo lingafinyelela kwesihlanu. Ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo sefule ngalinye ngama-gramu ayi-6,6.

Izinaliti ezisanda kuzalwa zizimele ngokuphelele, zinamehlo avulekile, futhi umzimba awumbozi nje ngoboya, kepha futhi nezinaliti, nokho, ezithambile phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala zokuphila. Ikhanda ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa likhulu, imilenze yinde, nomzimba omncane. Masinyane nje ngemuva kokuzalwa, amagundane asukuma aze afike ezinyaweni zawo, futhi yize eqala ukuhamba, akwenze kabi futhi kuvame ukuwa.

Njengoba sesiphile cishe amasonto amathathu ubudala, amagundane ezinaliti amancane asivele ekwazi ukuzimela ngokushisa komzimba. Ukuze uqhathanise, ontanga yabo bezinye izinhlobo bazodinga ukufudumala komzimba kanina.

Amasonto amabili, umama unakekela amawundlu, awondle ubisi futhi akhotha ngokucophelela. Kuyo yonke le nkathi, amawundlu awashiyi indawo yokukhosela, futhi uma esevuthiwe kancane, azosuka endaweni yokukhosela futhi aqale ukuhlola indawo ezungezile. Eminyakeni yobudala efanayo, amagundane aqala ukudla ukudla okufanayo kwezintwala zabantu abadala. Uma kuvela isidingo esinjalo, izingane zingadla ubisi lwebele kusuka ngosuku lwesithupha lokuphila, kepha uma umama esondele, zingancela ubisi emavikini amathathu okuqala.

Ukusabalalisa amagundane ngenaliti

I-Akomis iyikhaya laseNtshonalanga Asia, iNhlonhlo Yase-Arabia, iziqhingi zaseCrete, iCyprus kanye nezwekazi lase-Afrika.

Amagundane eSpiny ahlala ezindaweni ezomile njengama-desha kanye nama-savannahs, akhetha izindawo ezinesihlabathi futhi ezinamadwala.Ama-Akomis acashe emiseleni ebekwe emadwaleni aqhekekile naphakathi kwezimbokodo zamatshe. E-Afrika, uvame ukubona ukuthi amagundane acwebezelayo avumelanisa kanjani nezindunduma ezingenalutho zesimo sezulu emakhaya abo.

Njengamanje, lezi zilwane zingabameleli bokuphila ngokukhululeka kohlelo lwase-Afrika nase-Asia. Zingatholakala naseningizimu yeYurophu. Kepha njengezilwane ezifuywayo, amagundane abusilika aphile cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba.

Impilo yezintwala zenaliti endaweni yazo yemvelo

Amagundane ezinaliti akhombisa umsebenzi ophakeme kakhulu ekuntweleni nasekuntweleni. Esikhathini sasemini, abashiyi izindawo zabo zokukhosela, belinde ukushisa kwehle. Bahlala ezingxenyeni ezingenalutho zamanye amagundane bese bemba ukufakwa kwenduku okuncane emhlabathini. Kumele ngisho ukuthi izimbobo ezijulile nezindima, zona ngokwazo azikwazi ukwakha. Kaningi basebenzisa imifantu emadwaleni nendawo engenalutho phakathi kwamatshe njengekhaya.

Amagundane acwebezelayo agibela izihlahla ngokuphelele, kodwa uma ethola noma iyiphi ingozi, acasha ezindaweni zawo zokukhosela. Uma kungenandlela yokucasha, amagundane akhazimulayo abaleka. Ngosuku lunye, igundane lenaliti lingagibela amakhilomitha ayi-15. Uma isilwane sikhanyisiwe, sizama ukuvuvukala, siphakamise izinaliti, ngaleyo ndlela sibonakale sikhulu futhi sisabise isitha.

Amagundane ngenaliti ahlala ngamaqembu, anamathela kwifomu lesakhiwo sezenhlalo. Inhloko yomndeni ngowesifazane we-alpha. Abesilisa banobuphathi babo, abancuma ngokuhlela izimpi.

Ngaphandle kwezimpi phakathi kwabesilisa, amagundane ngenaliti ayisibonelo sokuthula kokugcina. Akukho zingxabano phakathi kwamalungu eqembu elisunguliwe ngisho nangaphezu kokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke amalungu akagcini ngokulala ndawonye, ​​kodwa futhi anakekelana. Uma lokhu noma lowesifazane engamatasatasa enakekela amawundlu akhe, usiza ezinye izintokazi ngesikhathi sokubeletha nokukhulisa inzalo. Amagundane ayizintandane avame ukudliwa ngezinye izintokazi. Ukuthuthela endaweni entsha yokuhlala, izilwane ezindala zidlulisa zombili amawundlu azo nabantu ezingabazi, bese zihlela ngokuhlanganyela indawo yokukhosela entsha. Amadivaysi aphelele anjalo wokuziphatha kanye nokuziphatha kuhleliwe kumagundane hhayi ezingeni lesizathu, kodwa ezingeni lemvelo, evumela ukuthi izilwane zisinde ngisho nasezimeni ezinzima kakhulu zama-desert. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lesi sakhiwo senhlalo sigcinwa kuphela ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi amagundane ngenaliti ahlobene kakhulu.

Igundane elikhazimulayo liyisilwane esihlanzeke kakhulu. Babheka isimo sejazi labo ngokucophelela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokungagcini ngokucophelela baqapha ukuhlanzeka kwamajazi ezihlobo zabo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ama-Akomis minks ahlanzekile njalo, njengamawundlu awo. Kumele ngithi indlu yangasese yegundane yenaliti ihlala ivakashelwa endaweni echazwe ngokuqinile.

Izitha eziyinhloko zemvelo yamagundane ezinaliti ayizilwane ezincelisayo, ezihuquzelayo nezinyoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bancintisana isisekelo sokudla ngama-gerbils.

Ezindabeni zokudla okunempilo, ama-akomis akathobeki, futhi angadla ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Kodwa-ke, yize kukhona omnivorousness, preference inikezwa okusanhlamvu kanye okusanhlamvu.

Ukudla kwabo ngokwemvelo kuqukethe amakhambi, okusanhlamvu, amahlumela wezitshalo zomhlabathi nama-arthropods anjengeminenke nezinambuzane. Uma ukudla okune-juicy kutholakala, amagundane ngenaliti azimele ngokuphelele emithonjeni yamanzi.

Ama-Akomis adla ezindaweni ezithile, ezivikelwe kahle lapho udoti wokudla uqongelela khona noma izitshalo zikhula.

Umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwamagundane ngenaliti namanye amagundane asekhaya, anjengamagundane, amagundane, nama-hamsters, ukuthi cishe awanephunga. Ngokugcina ama-akomis ekhaya, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ama-aquariums engilazi ngenetha elihle, elimboza i-aquarium kusuka phezulu. Ngokugcina izilwane ezinhlanu, i-aquarium okungenani amalitha ayi-110 iyadingeka.

Kwesinye isikhathi amagundane ngenaliti agcinwa emangqamuzaneni aneseli kungadluli 1 cm 1 cm. Lokhu kuchazwa iqiniso lokuthi amagundane anjengezinaliti ayakwazi ukukhasa ngisho nasemifantwini emincane kakhulu nasevulekile. Kulokhu, ukunakwa okukhethekile kususwa ukuze ngaphakathi kwamagundane kungabikho zinto zepulasitiki. Le mfuneko ingenxa yokuthi ama-akomis ngokuqinisekile azogaya ipulasitiki, okuholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo.

Isidingo esibalulekile ukuthi ikheji elinamagundane noma i-aquarium kufanele libe sendaweni ethule evikelekile elangeni eliqondile. Kufanele futhi unakekele ukungabikhona kokusalungiswa.

Kusetshenziselwa isihlabathi noma isihlungi esikhethekile esenziwe embobeni yommbila. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi hay noma sawdust kungadala komzimba ezilwaneni. Imfucumfucu iyashintsha njengoba kudingeka, ngoba amagundane ngenaliti ahlanzekile kakhulu futhi athumela izidingo zawo zemvelo kuphela endaweni echazwe ngokuqinile. Ukuze izilwane zakhe isidleke, zinikezwa utshani, utshani, izindwangu zikotini, imous noma iphepha elimhlophe. Ukushisa ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium kufanele kugcinwe ku-25-27 degrees, kugcina umswakama ongu-30-50%.

Okubaluleke kakhulu amagundane ngenaliti indawo engaphezulu kwayo. Ngakho-ke, izingibe eziningi, amahlumela, amapayipi, izintambo, izitebhisi, phansi, njll., Kufanele zibekwe e-aquarium noma ekheji.

Into edingekayo yokugcina ama-akomis ekuthunjweni yisondo, ngoba izonikeza izinga lomsebenzi oludingekayo kulawa makhulu asebenza ngokweqile. Ububanzi besondo akufanele bube ngaphansi kwamasentimitha ayishumi nantathu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi phansi yayo ilukhuni, ngaphandle kwalokho isilwane singalahlekelwa kalula umsila wayo noma silimaze i-paw yayo.

Kuhle kakhulu lapho amagundane ngenaliti agcinwa ngamaqembu amancane. Amagundane amancanyana akhiqizwa ngokushesha okukhulu, kepha uma entula ukuxhumana nomniniyo, agijimela ngokushesha njengoba ethambisa. Kulokhu, ama-akomis ayizilwane zepulasitiki kakhulu. Lezi zimbobo zibonakaliswa yi-excitability ephezulu, futhi zingafa nokufa okuzwakalayo nokubukhali okukhulu, njengoba, nokho, kusuka emzamweni ongenamkhawulo wokuthatha isilwane ezandleni.

Ekhaya, la magundane azalela kuphela uma enesikhala esanele ku-aquarium. Abantu abasha bahlukaniswa nabazali babo beneminyaka eyodwa yenyanga, bajoyina iqembu elijwayelekile.

Njengoba lezi zilwane zithambekele endleleni yokuphila yobusuku, ngesikhathi sasemini ziziphatha ngokuthula futhi zingahle zingazivezi kusuka endaweni yokukhosela isikhathi eside. Kepha ebusuku baqala ukugijima bezungeza i-aquarium, beququda izinto ezahlukahlukene futhi bakhinyabeza udoti.

Ama-Akomis akazikhathazi ngokuphelele futhi anomqondo omubi. Ekhaya, lokhu kudla okutholwe yisitshalo okulandelayo kufanele kufakwe ekudleni kwabo: ukondla ngamagundane, okusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene, i-oats, i-oatmeal, izithelo ezomisiwe noma ezintsha nemifino, amajikijolo, imvuthuluka yesinkwa, amantongomane, imbewu lukabhekilanga, amabele, ukolweni, imbewu ye-canary dandelion nabanye. Imikhiqizo yezilwane efana nezimvemvane, izimpukane kanye namacimbi, kanye nama-feedworms nayo iyathandeka.

Akunakusho ukuthi amagundane acwebezelayo angondliwa okunamafutha, ipeppered, okunosawoti, okumnandi, okuphakela ezinye izilwane nokudla okulungiselelwe abantu. Futhi, izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto akomis kudingeka ukuthi unikeze amagatsha ezihlahla zezithelo, imapule ne-willow.

Amanzi ahlanzekile kufanele abe njalo ezinkanjini, noma ngabe amagundane enaliti athola wonke umswakama awudingayo ezitshalweni ezinhle. Ukudla kwamagundane kufanele kube okwehlukahlukana ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi akufanele wesabe ukuphuza izilwane ngokweqile, ngoba amagundane enaliti akakaze adle okungaphezulu kwalokho akudingayo.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka .

Amagundane ezinaliti, futhi avame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-akomis (Acomys cahirinus), angabameli be-subfamily deomyiidae, umndeni wegundane le-rodent oda. Lezi zilwane ezimangazayo esimweni sazo sezindala zinesisindo esingu-40-48 g, nobude bazo bomzimba kanye nomsila, ocishe abe yingxenye yobukhulu bazo, azidluli ku-14 cm. Isici esibonakalayo salezi zilwane ukuthi zinenaliti emhlane wazo. Umbala wazo uvame ukupenda ngokuphuzi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kube nsundu nokubomvu grey. Umbala wentwala yenalithi uyisihlabathi esikhanyayo noma onsundu, kuya ngeminyaka yesilwane, njengoba abantu abasha bebheja ngombala kunabantu abadala. Ngaphansi komzimba we-akomis (isisu nesifuba) kumbozwe izinwele ezimhlophe ezithambile. Emadodeni avuthiwe, uboya entanyeni bude kunokwezinsikazi nokuya emzimbeni, futhi lwakha kuwo okubizwa ngokuthi yi-mane. Umsila walezi zilwane uqinile futhi ungcwele. Amagundane enaliti abe nesigaxa esincane esinamehlo amakhulu amnyama afana nobuhlalu, izindlebe zawo ezinkulu eziyindilinga nezeselula zitshalwe ngokuqinile emakhanda abo. Vibrises of izilwane yinde kakhulu, okuyinto ebasizayo empilweni yasendle. Imilenze yangemuva ye-akomis imfushane futhi inezinyawo ezibanzi.

Amagundane ezinaliti angamagundwe ngakho-ke imizimba yawo ihlelwe cishe ngendlela efanayo nabanye abamele le oda.

Isici esibonakalayo salolu hlobo, kanye nezinye, ukuthi, njengezilo, lapho impilo yazo isengozini, ihlukane nomsila wayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iyabopha kakhulu. Kulokhu, izilwane eziningi eziphila emvelweni zithole imisila emifushane.

Ukuthomba kwe-Akomis kwenzeka lapho eneminyaka eyi-3 izinyanga, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ngamagundane ama-2 ayakwazi ukuzala. Kibo, isikhathi sokuzala siqala ukuphela kukaFebhuwari futhi siphela ngoSepthemba.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-42, kuthi emva kwalokho okulethwe yile ntokazi, njengomthetho, kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-3 amawundlu, kepha futhi kukhona nama-5, isisindo sawo ngamunye ngokwesilinganiso angama-5 - 6 amagremu. Izingane ezizalwa zizimele ngokuphelele, amehlo azo asevulekile futhi imizimba yazo imbozwe ngoboya nezinaliti, ezisathambile ngezinsuku zokuqala zokuphila. Ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, zinekhanda elikhulu, umzimba omncane nemilenze emide. Masinyane nje ngemuva kokuzalwa, ame ngezinyawo zawo, futhi, enza ukunyakaza okungekuhle futhi ewa kaningi ngokulandelana, aqale ukuhamba kancane.

Kusukela kusukela ezinsukwini ezintathu, ama-acomise amancane azigcina ngokuzimele ekushiseni komzimba wawo, ngesikhathi lapho ontanga yabo bezinye izinhlobo zamagundwane, isikhathi eside bedinga ukufudumala komama.

Owesifazane unakekela inzalo amasonto ama-2, akhonkotha ngokucophelela futhi ondle amagundane akhe ngobisi. Ngalesi sikhathi sesikhathi, umndeni uchitha endaweni yokukhosela, futhi lapho sebekhulile kuphela, amawundlu ashiya indawo yokukhosela futhi aqale ukuthuthukisa insimu eseduze. Cishe ngasikhathi sinye, ukukhula okuncane kuzoqala ukudla ukudla okufanayo nabantu abadala. Amagundane ezinaliti amancane, uma kunesidingo, angakhokha ngonina vele kusukela osukwini lwe-6 lokuphila, kepha uma eseduzane, alungele ukumunca ubisi lwawo amasonto ama-3 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.

Izwe lamagundane ngenaliti yiNtshonalanga Asia, Saudi Arabia, iziqhingi zaseCyprus naseCrete, kanye neningi le-Afrika.

Ama-Akomis ahlala ezindaweni ezomile njengezihlahla zemifantu nezindawo eziwugwadule, akhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinamadwala nesihlabathi. Baphephela emiseleni, abazihlelayo phakathi kwababeki ngamatshe nasemadwaleni amadwala. E-Afrika, umuntu angavama ukubona isimo lapho lezi zilwane zihlala khona ngezindunduma ezingenalutho zezintwala.

Manje lamagundane angatholakala ephila ezindaweni zemvelo e-Afrika, e-Asia nasezingxenyeni eziseningizimu yeYurophu, futhi njengezilwane ezifuywayo, asatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke.

Impilo endalweni

Umsebenzi wezimpuku zenaliti wenzeka kusihlwa nasekuntweleni kokusa. Ntambama bacasha emashalofini lapho balindela khona ukushisa. Bemba imbobo emincane emhlabathini noma bahlala emiseleni engenalutho yezinye izinduku. Bona ngokwabo abazakhi izinyakaza nezimbobo ezijulile kanjalo. Imvamisa yokukhosela ama-akomis kuba imifantu emadwaleni nendawo ephakathi kwamatshe.

Lezi zilwane zigibela izihlahla kahle, futhi ngezikhathi zobungozi zifihla emashalofini, futhi uma lokhu kungenzeki, ziyabaleka. Amagundane eSpiny angahamba amakhilomitha angama-15 ngosuku. Isilwane, esiqhutshwa esimweni esingenathemba, siphakamisa izinaliti zazo futhi “sinyakaze”, ngaleyo ndlela sizama ukubonakala sikhulu ukuze sisabise isitha.

Ama-Akomis ahlala ngamaqembu, isakhiwo sawo senhlalo singumatriarchy, lapho owesifazane wesikhundla esiphakeme (i-alpha sowesifazane) ebusa khona. Abesilisa bahlala emazingeni abo wobukhosi, babamba iqhaza ezimpini abazihlelayo.

Onke amalungu eqembu elisunguliwe awalokothi axabane ngokudla, kodwa anakekelaneni futhi alale ndawonye. Abesifazane njengamanje abanandaba namazinyane abo basiza abanye ngesikhathi sokubeletha nokukhulisa inzalo. Imvamisa abanye omama bondla izingane eziyizintandane ezisele. Lapho uthuthela endaweni entsha yokuhlala, izilwane ezindala zidlulisa amawundlu, ezawo kanye nezinye, zihlela indawo yokukhosela kwenye insimu. Ukuziphatha okunjalo komphakathi kuhlonywe ngokuqinile yimvelo, futhi kuvumela izilwane ukuba ziphile esimweni esinzima sezindawo eziwugwadule nasezindaweni ezomile, kodwa kungenzeka kuphela ngesimo sokuthi amagundane ngenaliti ahlobene kakhulu.

Lezi izindondolo yizilwane ezihlanzekile kakhulu. Babheka ngokucophelela isimo sejazi labo nabanye. Kulokhu, izimbobo zazo zihlala zihlanzekile, ezincane zenzelwe kahle, futhi indlu yangasese ihlala isendaweni echazwe ngokuqinile.

Izitha eziyinhloko zama-Akomis izinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincelisayo kanye nezirhubuluzayo. Kufanele futhi bancintisane nama-gerbils ekutholakaleni kokudla.

Ekudla, amagundane enaliti akuwona amhlophe, adla ukudla okusekwe ezitshalweni nakwezilwane. Naphezu kwesimo sazo esihle, ama-akomis akhetha okusanhlamvu nezinhlamvu. Ukudla kwabo ngokwemvelo kuqukethe amakhambi, okusanhlamvu, amahlumela ezitshalo zomhlabathi, ama-arthropods (iminenke nezinambuzane), futhi lapho kukhona imikhiqizo emnandi, amagundane azimele ngokuphelele ukuba khona kwemithombo yamanzi.

Lezi zidondolo zondla ezindaweni ezithile nezivikelwe kahle lapho imfucumfucu yokudla ibuthelana khona noma izimbali zikhula.

Ngokungafani nama-hamsters, amagundane namagundane, ama-Akomis cishe awanalo iphunga elingajabulisi, okuyinto ebonakala ngamagundane amaningi. Ukulondolozwa kwabo efulethini, i-aquarium yengilazi ilungele kangcono, ivalwe ngokuqinile ngenhla enezikhala ezinhle. Ukuze uthole izinduku ezinhlanu, ubukhulu bawo kufanele bube okungenani yi-90x30x40 cm.

Uma ikheji likhethiwe njengendawo yokugcina amagundane enaliti, khona-ke kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ubukhulu bamaseli alo akumele libe ngaphezu kuka-1x1 cm, ngoba ama-acomis angakwazi ukukhamba aze afike emigodini emincane kakhulu nasemifantweni emincane. Isimo esibalulekile senhlala-kahle yegundane ukungabi bikho kwezinto zepulasitiki ekhaya lazo elisha, ngoba zizowunca futhi zingalimala kakhulu bese ziginya ipulasitiki.

I-aquarium noma ikheji elinezilwane kufanele libe sendaweni ethule, livikeleke elangeni eliqondile, futhi akufanele kube nokubhaliwe okuzungezile.

Njengomhluzi, kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-sand sand noma ama-cobs, ngoba i-sawdust kanye ne-hay kungabangela ukungahambelani kahle kumagundane. Ukushintshwa kombhede kwenziwa njengoba kunesidingo, ngoba ama-akomis ayizilwane ezihlanzekile kakhulu futhi aya endlini yangasese endaweni ebekwe ngokuqinile. Ukwakha isidleke, izilwane zidinga ukunikezwa i-hay, utshani, iphepha elimhlophe elihlwabushiwe, imvukuzane, kanye nezinsika zikotini. Izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium kufanele libe ngama-25 - 27 degrees, ngomswakama ongu-30 - 50%.

Ukuze uthole amagundane inaliti, indawo engaphezulu ahlala kuyo ibaluleke kakhulu, ngakho-ke udinga ukubeka izitezi eziningi, izitebhisi, izintambo, amapayipi, amahlumela, umgoqo, njll., Endaweni yokulungiswa kwawo.

Ngaphandle kokungabaza, ama-akomis adinga isondo, ngoba lawa ngamagundane eselula kakhulu futhi asebenzayo. Ububanzi bayo akufanele bube ngaphansi kwama-13 cm, futhi phansi kufanele kube okuqinile, ngoba uma kungenjalo, igundane lingalimaza i-paw yayo noma lilahle umsila wayo.

Ama-Akomis azala kahle ekudingisweni kuphela uma kunesikhala esanele e-aquarium. Amagundane amancanyana ahlukaniswa nabazali bawo lapho eseneminyaka eyodwa enyangeni eya eqenjini elijwayelekile lezilwane. Awungeke ugcine izilwane ezisencane ngokuphelele ngokwahlukana, ngoba ziba nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene ngokwengqondo, futhi azisoze zaxhumana nezinhlobo zazo.

Amagundane akhazimulayo ayizilwane zasebusuku futhi ngenxa yalokho, lapho wonke umuntu eye embhedeni, aqala ukukhipha umbhede, aququde izinto ezihlukene futhi agijime azungeze i-aquarium.

Amagundane acwebezelayo awumnandi futhi awadli ekudleni. Idla ngokudla okuvela ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Lapho zigcinwa ekhaya, ukudla kwazo kufanele kufake imikhiqizo yemvelaphi yezitshalo, njengokuthi: okusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene, ukudla kwezimungumungwane, i-oatmeal, i-oats, amajikijolo, imifino emisha noma eyomisiwe nezithelo, amantongomane, imvuthuluka yesinkwa, imbewu yotshilanga, imbewu ye-canary, ukolweni, amabele, i-dandelion eluhlaza okotshani. Ukusuka esilwaneni - amakhethini, izimpethu zikafulawa, amacimbi kanye nezinyoka, izimpukane, izimvemvane.

Amagundane akufanele ondliwe ukuwohloka, usawoti, i-peppered, okunamafutha nokudla okulungiselelwe abantu nokudla kwezinye izilwane. I-1 - 2 izikhathi ngeviki, ama-akomis kufanele anikezwe amagatsha ezihlahla zezithelo, umcamelo kanye ne-maple.

Amanzi ahlanzekile kufanele agcinwe esitokisini ngaso sonke isikhathi, yize amagundane ethola wonke umswakama awudingayo ezitshalweni ezinhle.

Ukudla okuhlukahlukene futhi okunempilo kakhulu ekudleni kwezilwane, okungcono, akufanele wesabe ukukhipha ngokweqile ama-akomis, ngoba ngeke adle ngaphezu kwalokho akudingayo.

Ngokuhlangana kuphela nokugcinwa kwemithetho yokugcinwa nokondliwa, kungenzeka ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi lezi zilwane zizizwa zikhulu ekudingisweni.

Lezi zilwane ezincane ezimangalisayo zibizwa nangokuthi ama-akomis (noma i-Acomys Cahirinus). Zingezokuhleleka kokubuya komndeni wamagundane. Isisindo sesilwane esidala asidluli amagremu angama-50, futhi ubude bebonke bomzimba (kanye nomsila) buya bufika ku-14 cm. Isibonakaliso esingajwayelekile salokhu kugcwala ubukhona bezinaliti emhlane waso. Umbala wazo usukela ebomvu uye mpunga omnyama. Umbala wesilwane mhlawumbe onsundu, futhi ukufakwa kombala kuncike eminyakeni yobudala. Amagundane amadala anombala omnyama ukwedlula abancane. Ukusuka ngezansi, umzimba wesilwane umbozwe ngoboya obulula bokukhanya. Abesilisa abavuthiwe bahlukaniswa izinsikazi nezilwane ezincane ngokubakhona koboya obukhulu entanyeni, bakha okubizwa ngokuthi yi-mane. Umsila unesakhiwo se-scaly futhi wephuka kalula. Izihlakala zesilwane zinde futhi zimfishane, amehlo afana nobuhlalu obumnyama, izindlebe ziyindilinga, zinkulu futhi zisebenza kakhulu. Izinduna ezinde ze-vibrissa zisiza isilwane ukuzulazula endle. Imilenze yangemuva imfushane futhi inezinyawo ezibanzi.

I-Physiology:
Lezi zilwane azinazo izici zomzimba, idivaysi yemizimba yazo ijwayelekile kubamele bamagundane. Isici okuwukuphela kwaso se-akomis ukukwazi kwaso ukuchitha umsila waso lapho usengozini. Kungakho abantu abanemisila emifushane bavame ukutholakala endle. Amathuba okuzala kulezi zilwane avele aqhamuka ezinyangeni ezingama-2-3, isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngoFebhuwari kuya kuSeptemba. Owesifazane uthwala inzalo izinsuku ezingama-42, imfucuza imvamisa ifinyelela ezinganeni ezi-3 ezinesisindo esingama-6 g inye. Amakhulu azalwa “ehlome ngokuphelele”, enamehlo avulekile futhi embozwe ngoboya. Banemilenze emide, umzimba omncane omncane nekhanda elikhulu, bezama ukuhamba ngemuva nje kokuzalwa. Kusukela ezinsukwini ezintathu, izilwane zingaba khona ngaphandle kokushisa komama futhi zigcine ukushisa komzimba zodwa. Amaviki amabili okuqala empilo, imvuthuluka ibiliswa ubisi lukamama futhi ingashiyi indawo yokukhosela. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, amagundane aya ngaphandle aqale ukuthuthukisa isimo sendawo. Ama-akomis amancane angaphila ngaphandle kukamama ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-6 kusukela ezelwe, kepha uma umama esondele, ancancisa ubisi phakathi namasonto awo amathathu okuqala.

Ukusabalala kwegundane laseGibhithe:
Lolu hlobo lwama-rodent luvame e-Afrika, eSaudi Arabia, entshonalanga ye-Asia, eCyprus nase Krethe. Amagundane ama-Spiky akhetha isimo sezulu esomile se-savannah ne-semi-desert, ahlala emhlabathini onamadwala nesihlabathi. E-Afrika, bangangena ezindaweni ezinkulu ezilahliwe. Kulezi zinsuku, izinduku zihlala e-Afrika, e-Asia naseningizimu yeYurophu, futhi njengoba ezifuywayo zithandwa emhlabeni wonke.

Impilo ngesimo segundane laseGibhithe:
Lezi zilwane ziyasebenza ebusuku nasekuntweleni kokusa. Ntambama, bacasha emlilweni emiseleni ebishiywe ngamanye amagundane, ngoba bona abazakhi ezabo izindlu. Bangakwazi nokuhlala emadwaleni amadwala nasemifantweni ematsheni. Ama-Akomis anamandla okugibela izihlahla, abaleka engozini noma acashe ezindaweni zokukhosela. Isilwane esinjalo singagijima ibanga elingaba amakhilomitha ayi-15 ngosuku. Lapho ama-akomis ezizwa ephethwe amandla, uqeda ijazi lakhe nezinaliti ukuze abonakale emangalisa futhi emkhulu. Amagundane aseGibhithe ahlala emaqenjini lapho kubusa khona matriarchy (owokuqala ungowesifazane). Abantu abaseqenjini elifanayo badla futhi balale ndawonye, ​​banakekelane, basize ngesikhathi sokubeletha, izinsikazi zingavusa izintandane. Endabeni yokufudukela kwenye insimu, amalungu amadala eqembu adlulisela zombili izingane zawo nabantu angabazi. Ubudlelwano obunjalo bezenhlalo bama-akomis buwasiza ukuba aphile ezimweni ezinzima zasendle, kepha kungenzeka kuphela esimweni sobudlelwane obusondelene bazo zonke izilwane.
Izilwane zinakekela kahle ukubukeka kwazo futhi zihlanzekile impela. Amawundlu awo ahlala ehlanzekile, futhi indlu yangasese isendaweni eyodwa. Usongo olukhulu kulezi zilwane izinyoni, izidlova kanye nezitha. Abancintisana okuhle ekufuneni ukudla ama-akomis ngamagciwane.
Lezi zidondolo azihluphi, kepha nikeza okusanhlamvu nezinhlamvu. Kibo, ukudla okuhle okusanhlamvu, amahlumela otshani, izinambuzane, iminenke, futhi uma ukudla okune-juicy kukhona ekudleni, amagundane kungenzeka anganciki ngokuphelele emanzini. Izilwane zithanda ukudla ezindaweni ezithile neziphephile lapho kuqoqwa khona ukudla okusele bese kukhula imifino eningi.