I-steppe viper inendawo ebanzi. Kujwayelekile kuwo wonke amazwe ase-Europe lapho kunama-steppes amahlathi, e-Ukraine kutholakala esifundeni saseLwandle Olumnyama naseCrimea, kanye naseRussia - engxenyeni eseYurophu nasezindongeni zamahlathi, ezintabeni eziseNyakatho Caucasus. Le inyoka ihlala nase-Asia: eKazakhstan, eSiberia eseningizimu, nase-Altai. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokulima okusebenzayo komhlaba, isitoko salezi zinhlobo zezilwane ezifuyayo sehlile ngokusobala, futhi emazweni aseYurophu isilwane sivikelwe yiBerne Convention. E-Ukraine naseRussia, i-reptile ihlelwe ku-Red Book kazwelonke.

I-steppe viper isilwane esisesimeni esihle, futhi kunzima ukusidida nenyoka noma inyoka engelona ubuthi. Ubungako besilobo busukela kumasentimitha angama-55 kuye kwangama-63, kuthi izinsikazi zikhulu kunezabesilisa. Lolu hlobo luhlukaniswa kwezinye izinyoka ngokuphakama okuthile emaphethelweni esihlahla sokuqina, okukunika ukubonakala kwe "nyá". Ezinhlangothini, izikali zidwetshiwe ngamathoni agrey grey, kanti ingemuva ilula ngentambo ehlukile ye-zigzag egudla ugibe. Iphethini emnyama iyabonakala nasebunzini. Isisu sikhanya, sinamabala ampunga.

Ukusuka ekushiseni umoya, lezi ezihuquzelayo zivuka kuye ngezimo zesimo sezulu, lapho izinga lokushisa lisetwa lingabi ngaphansi kwama-degree Celsius ayisikhombisa. Futhi ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi baba nesikhathi sokukhwelana. Entwasahlobo nasekwindla, inyoka ikhasa iphume endaweni yokukhosela kuphela esikhathini esishisayo sosuku, futhi ehlobo ingabonakala emahoreni asekuseni nakusihlwa. Zidlani izinyoka zalolu hlobo? Amagundane amancane, amaphuphu, kepha ukudla okuyinhloko izinambuzane, iningi lesikhonyane esinamafutha. Ngakho-ke, lesi silwane sithathwa njengewusizo kwezolimo. Isilwane sasendle futhi asizideleli izibankwa. Okokuhlangenwe nakho, lokhu kudla njengokudla kwezinyosi, izikhova, nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama. Ibuye idliwe yinyoka enkulu yesibungu.

I-steppe viper i-viviparous. Ngo-Agasti, insikazi iletha udoti owodwa ukusuka kites ezintathu kuya kweshumi. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinesisindo esingama-gramu ama-4 ubude bomzimba wamasentimitha ayi-11-13. Izinyoka ezincane zifinyelela ekukhulelweni kuphela ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila, lapho sezikhulile zaya kumasentimitha angama-27-30. Izilwane ezincane kaningi, abantu abadala abavamile, ukushintsha isikhumba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izinyoka zizongena emgqonyeni wamanzi bese ziqala ukusikaza amatshe kuze kube kuvela imifantu ezindebeni. Emva kwalokho, umuntu ngamunye ukhasa esikhunjeni, njengokungathi uqhamuka esitokisini sakudala.

Izilwane ezingena ndlwana zaseRussia, kufaka phakathi izinyoka, ingxenye enkulu aziyona ingozi. Kodwa izinyoka ngalomqondo azifani. Kodwa-ke, kunamahemuhemu okuthi ubungozi bobuthi bawo buyeqisayo. Ukuhlangana nalenyoka kungabulala isilwane esincane, njengenja, kepha hhayi abantu. Ukuluma kwakhe kubuhlungu kunalokho. Esikhundleni salo, ukuvuvukala kukhula ngokushesha, okudlula kude kwemingcele yonyawo oluthintekile. Amanqamu weHemorrhagic nezindawo ezinobungozi zingakheka. Ukuluma kunesiyezi, ukubindana, ukozela, isicanucanu, kanye nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba jikelele.

Uma wena noma umlingani wakho elunywe yinyoka enkulukazi, kufanele unikeze usizo lokuqala kohlukunyezwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bopha indwangu edwetshwe yaba yindawo yokuvakasha, indawo yomzimba ngaphezu kokuluma. Ngokuyisisekelo, izinyoka zigxaza onyaweni (kwesinye isikhathi esandleni, lapho umuntu ngephutha, efuna amakhowe noma amajikijolo, akhubeke isilwane). Indawo yokuvakasha kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqinile ukuvikela ukuphuma kwegazi elinegciwane. Ngemuva kwalokho hlikihla igazi elithintwe ubuthi emanxebeni ashiywe ngamazinyo enyoka. Ngemuva kwalokhu, isiguli kusamele siyiswe kudokotela ukugwema izinkinga kanye nokungezwani komzimba. I-anti-Gyurz serum izibonakalise kahle.

Incazelo emfushane yoku morphological

Ubude bomzimba onomsila bufika ku-635 mm ku-♂ no-735 mm ku-♀. Izinhlobo ezimbili zemibala zaphawulwa: i-cryptic ne-melanistic. Imibala ye-Cryptic (ejwayelekile) imelelwa ngemibala ehlukahlukene yemibala grey ne-brown ngebhande elimnyama noma elimnyama le-zigzag ngemuva. Abantu abangama-Melanistic esifundeni bamele cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezihlanu zabantu, yize emaqenjini athile isibalo sokuqothulwa komzimba singafinyelela ku-44%.

Ukubhebhetheka

Uhla lomhlaba wonke luhlanganisa izifunda ezinqenqemeni kanye nezindawo ezingasogwadule zaseNingizimu mpumalanga yeYurophu, Kazakhstan ne-Asia Ephakathi. Kutholakala emaRussia Federation kusuka eVolga-Kama Territory enyakatho kuya eCiscaucasia eningizimu nase-Altai empumalanga. Uhla lwesifunda lumboza indawo ephansi nezansi kwethafa lasenyakatho komugqa we-Anapa-Abrau-Dyurso-Novorossiysk-Abinsk-Goryachiy Klyuch-Khadyzhensk-Psebay. Inkambu ejwayelekile: ISarepta, iLower Volga (Russia).

Izici ze-biology kanye nemvelo

Kukhona i-steppe viper emathafeni ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene (i-loess, i-alluvial loess, eyethukile), emagqumeni ezintabeni eziphansi. Kuhlala imiphetho yehlathi, izinhlangano ezihlangene nezihlahla, izihlahla zeshibhibhu, indawo emithambeka. Eningizimu mpumalanga, ibanga esifundeni likhuphuka lifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ulwandle, lukwazi ukuhlala kuma-sandy banges.

Ezimweni zemvelo ye-anthropogenic, yakha izindawo zokuhlala ngamatheyiphu ngokungahambisani nezindawo zokuchitha imfucuza, amahlathi amahlathi, njll. Kusukela kuqale ubusika ngoMashi, umsebenzi uhlala kuze kufike izinsuku zokuqala zikaNovemba, ubude besikhathi somsebenzi wezinyoka esifundeni yizinsuku ezingama-230. Entwasahlobo nasekwindla, amachibi asebenza phakathi nosuku; ngoJulayi - Agasti, umsebenzi wethonya eliphakeme kabili waphawulwa.

Ama-invertebrates nama-vertebrates aphawulwa ekudleni. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli. Ukuzalwa komncane kwenzeka kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaJuni kuya ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Emazwaneni, kuye kwaphawulwa abantu abathathu kuye kwabangu-18.

Ubuningi kanye nemikhuba yawo

Eduze kweziteshi zakwaRaevskaya, kwakukhona abantu abangu-2-3 be-steppe viper nge-2 km yendlela, ogibeni. IHerpegem - abantu aba-2 nge-1 km, eduze kwama-Saratov sts - abantu abangafika kwabayi-4 ngehektha elilodwa, eYasen Spit - abantu aba-5 nge-1 km. Ubuningi besibalo sabantu endaweni esifundeni ngabantu abangama-30 ngehektha elilodwa nobungako obuphakathi kwabantu abangu-11. ku-1 ha.