Isithombe sokhozi oluhlotshisiwe luhlobisa ijazi lezingalo laseMelika. Kodwa-ke, ezweni lethu ngokungangabazeki inyoni enhle nenhle kakhulu - ukhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller. Okokuqala, kukhulu kakhulu kunezihlobo zayo zaphesheya kwezilwandle, kanti okwesibili, emaplumini okhozi olwandle lwakwaStenler, onsundu omnyama nomhlophe kuhlangene kahle.
Lapho kuhlala khona
Ukhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller luyisiphetho seMpumalanga Ekude; lusatshalaliswa emaphethelweni olwandle lweBering ne-Okhotsk, engxenyeni ese-Amur, Kamchatka, enyakatho yeSakhalin, eShantar naseKuril Islands. Ubuningi bomsizi lo uzinzile. Ezinye izinyoni ziphila impilo yokuhlala phansi, kanti ezinye zizulazula ulwandle ziwela ngasentshonalanga. Ebusika, le nhlobo itholakala eKamchatka, eSakhalin, eThabeni laseKhabarovsk, ePrimorye, eNyakatho Korea naseJapan (esiqhingini saseHokkaido).
Kubukeka kanjani
Ukhozi olwandle lukaSteller ungomunye wabamele abanohlonze kakhulu bohlobo lwalo. Isisindo sabanye abantu singafinyelela ku-9 kg. Ubude bomzimba obujwayelekile buba ngu-112 cm kanti amaphiko angama-cm angama-68. Umbala oyinhloko weplamu ulu nsundu. Kuphela ebunzini, ingxenye engenhla yamaphiko, okotini nezimpaphe zomsila ezimpikweni zihlala zimhlophe. Yebo, kunzima ukudida nezinye izinyoni! Uqhwaku olukhanyayo ophuzi lwezinkozi zasolwandle zikaSteller zikhulu kakhulu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kanye nezinhlaka zakhe, uyisikhali esikhulu ekuzingeleni. Isambatho esinjalo sezinyoni sitholakala lapho sifinyelela iminyaka emithathu. Amapheya wezinyoni ezincane anombala ogqamile futhi angafanani kangako.
Indlela yokuphila
Ukhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller luhlala ogwini lolwandle, lugqunywe ngamahlathi, imigwaqo ephansi nemifula namachibi amachibi akhiwe eduze nolwandle. Izimo ezidingekayo zokuhlala kwendawo yazo ukuba khona kwamachibi aqukethe izinhlanzi nezihlahla ezinde lapho izinyoni zakha khona izidleke zazo.
Steller ukhozi lwasolwandle endizeni
Izinkozi zasolwandle zaseSteller zakha izidleke zazo ezinkulu endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-7 kuye kwangama-20 ukusuka emhlabathini. Ububanzi besidleke bungamamitha ayi-1,5, futhi ukuphakama kwawo kungamamitha ayi-1. Uhlaka lwesidleke luqukethe amagatsha amakhulu owomile (imvamisa larch), kanti ugqoko luboshwe ngamaqabunga neziqu zemifino yanyakenye edlule. Ngokwesilinganiso, isidleke esisodwa sisetshenziswa iminyaka emihlanu kuya kwayisithupha. Isikhathi esaziwa kakhulu yiminyaka eyi-15. Minyaka yonke, izinyoni zivuselela izidleke zazo futhi ziziqedele uma kudingeka. Kwenzeka ukuthi umbhangqwana owodwa une izidleke eziningana ngasikhathi sinye futhi uzisebenzise ngokuhlukile.
Ukhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller ngokuvamile lubamba inyamazane, lundizela phansi ngaphezu kwamanzi noma lubhukule, luhlale phezu kwesitshe noma edwaleni. Ukuzingela kuqala ngendiza ehamba nge-patrol: inyoni engenhla kwechibi ichaza imibuthano enobubanzi obuyi-500-800 m endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-20 ukuya kwengama-40. Lapho isitholile inhlanzi, ukhozi lwehla ngomkhondo olondekile bese luzama ukubamba inyamazane yalo. Kwesinye isikhathi, inyoni ibamba inyamazane kokuzama kokuqala, kepha kaningi kakhulu yenza ukuthi (kuye kufinyelele eshumini) okuphonsayo ngaphambi kokuthi ibambe inyamazane.
Ehlobo, ukhozi lwasolwandle iSteller londla kakhulu kuma-salmon ase-Far Eastern: i-pink salmon, i-chum salmon, i-sokeye salmon nabanye. Ibuye ibambe izinyoni (ama-guillemots, amadada, ama-gulls, amashubhu, imifino emincane), ama-hares, ama-muskrats, amasaka, izinja ezincane, futhi ayideleli ukugcwala. Ngakho-ke, ebusika ePrimorye, udla imfucuza yamapulazi ezilwane, izitshalo zokufaka inyama nezindawo zokungcwaba izinkomo.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ekuthunjweni lezi zinyoni ziphila zize zifike eminyakeni engama-44.
Ukuzala
Eminyakeni ecishe ibe mine, izinyoni zakha ngababili. Kokubili ekudingisweni nasendle, izinkozi zasolwandle zikaSteller zakha ngazimbili kanye impilo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ekwindla, lapho ukukhethwa komlingani sekuvele kwenzekile, izinyoni zakha isidleke senkambiso yazo, kodwa-ke, azizalisi ngokuzayo. Lolu uhlobo lokuhlolwa kwezimpaphe, ngoba azoqala ukuzala okungenani iminyaka eyisikhombisa.
Ku-clutch kukhona amaqanda asukela kwelinye kuya kwamathathu, afakwe kakhulu insikazi cishe izinsuku ezingama-36. Ababelethi bondla amantshontshwe kathathu noma kane ngosuku. Isidlakela sezinyoni zasolwandle ezisanda kulahlwa, ezisanda kulahlwa i-Steller zingabonakala ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.
Isibalo
Cishe izidleke ezingama-500 eKamchatka, ngababili abangaba ngu-400 esifundeni iLower Amur, kanye namabhangqa angaba yikhulu eSakhalin.
Lesi sidlo esikhulu esihle sibulawa ukukhathala ebusika eKamchatka, futhi amabhere ansundu aqothula izidleke zaso eNyakatho Sakhalin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubumbana kubulawa ngenxa yokuqagela kwamaqhude amnyama nezinkomba. Kunezimo ezaziwayo zokuzingela lapho kudutshulwa izinyoni ezindala ngokwenza izilwane ezifuyisiwe, namachwane asuswa ezidlekeni lapho esekudingisweni okwalandela. EJapan, izinyoni ziba yizisulu zobuthi bokuhola.
Kuyathakazelisa
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi okokuqala ngqa idatha kule nhlobo yalethwa eYurophu ngusosayensi wemvelo ohambweni lokuqala lwaseKamchatka, uGeorge Steller. Kungakho igama lesiNgisi lenyoni yenyoni iSteller ihumusha ngokuthi "ukhozi lukaSteller." Ubize futhi nombala walezi zimpisi zokhozi. Ngempela, ngeso elinqunu kungabonakala ukuthi umbala wokhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller ukhumbuza kakhulu umbala wethani lezibungu.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Umbuso: izilwane (Animalia).
Uhlobo: chordates (Chordata).
Ibanga: izinyoni (i-Aves).
Isigcawu: Ama-Falconiformes (Falconiformes).
Umndeni: i-hawk (i-Accipitridae).
Ubulili: ukhozi (Haliaeetus).
Buka: Ukhozi olwandle lukaSteller (Haliaeetus pelagicus).
IJografi yokuhlala
Ukhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller luhlala eNhlonhlo YaseKamchatka kanye nogu loLwandle lwase-Okhotsk. Lezi zinyoni zivamile engxenyeni eseningizimu yeKoryak Highlands, esigodini somfula iPenzhina. Futhi, lezi zinyoni zitholakala emaphethelweni aphansi e-Amur, enyakatho yeSakhalin, esiQhingini saseKuril naseKorea. Ukhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller luvame ukundizela eNyakatho Melika, eJapan naseNyakatho yeChina. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwensimu yaseRussia, umhlaseli wasePacific angatholakala kuphela ngenkathi yokuhamba ebusika.
Izinyoni zinezidleke kuphela endaweni yaseRussian Federation, ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile kwenzeka ngazinye futhi ngamaqembu amancane kabili ngonyaka - kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi nasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Ngesikhathi sekwindla nobusika, izinkozi zihlala ogwini lolwandle, futhi zindiza kakhulu ezikhathini zomgwaqo.
Ukhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller lukhuphuka esibhakabhakeni. Ukhozi olwandle lukaSteller luyantshontshela.
Ukubukeka
Izinkozi ezinkulu kunazo zonke zingafinyelela ubude obuyi-115 cm, futhi ubude bephiko buyehluka phakathi kwama-57-69 cm, amaphiko angaphezulu kwamasentimitha angama-250. Isisindo somuntu osekhulile kuhambisana nobulili, ngakho-ke isisindo sowesilisa silinganiselwa ku-7,7 kg kg, nakwabesifazane -9, amanye "amantombazane" ayenesisindo esingaphezu kwama-12 kg.
Emibalabala yamapulangwe abantu abadala, kuhlanganiswa imibala emnyama nomhlophe, kuyavamisile ukuba kube nezinyoni ezinamabala amaningi ansundu ansundu. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda esimnyama sezimpaphe, amabala amhlophe emaphikweni, amabala amsila amhlophe avele njengendawo ekhanyayo, umphambili wenyoni kanye nethani le-tibia kudwetshwe ngombala ofanayo (inyoni inohlobo "lwamabhulukwe amhlophe"). Lokhu kuvunwa kuvela kuzinyoni ezineminyaka engu-4-5 ubudala.
Ubuningi bezinkozi ezincane zasePacific zidwetshwe ngombala onsundu onsundu ngombala okhanyayo.
Izidladla nomlomo wale nyoni kugqame njengendawo ekhanyayo ngemuva kweplamu - ziphuzi ngokugqamile, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nangombala osawolintshi ngombala, izinzipho ezimnyama futhi eziqinile zibonakala ngokucacile ekugcineni kwama-paws, zinama-spikes akhethekile okubamba inyamazane.
I-dimorphism yezocansi ku-plumage ayikho futhi ivezwa kuphela ngobuningi benyoni. Ukushushumbisa izinkozi kuqala maphakathi nenyanga kaMeyi futhi kuyaqhubeka kuze kube ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Izimpaphe ezincane zishintshwa kanyekanye ezinkulu.
Umlomo ka-Steller's Eagle. Umdwebo wokhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller. Steller ukhozi lwasolwandle esibhakabhakeni. Ukhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller. Ukhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller.
Umsoco nokuziphatha kahle
Endaweni ehlala kuyo, le nyoni ikhetha izindawo eziphansi zemifula enamahlathi nezindawo ezinamatshe olwandle, nayo ingahlala ogwini lwamachibi amakhulu, eziqhingini nasemadwaleni ezigodini zemifula. Lezi zinyoni akuzona ezababumbi ebusuku, zisebenza kuphela ngesikhathi sasemini.
Izinkozi zasePacific akuzona nje izitha, kepha ama-gourmet amnandi - zondla kuphela inyamazane ebukhoma. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu nezinsayizi ephambili ekudleni, zinika kakhulu izinhlanzi ze-salmon, futhi namanje izinyoni azideleli izilwane ezincelisayo - ama hares, izimpungushe ze-arctic, izindikimba ezincane. Abanye abafowethu abanemibala bangaba inyamazane yokhozi, imvamisa i-capercaillie, indawo ephakathi kwamadada, amadada kanye nezingwe kubamba umhlaseli. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni zibuye zidle ama-invertebrates asolwandle - imifantu kanye nemoll. I-Carrion iyivelakancane kakhulu ekudleni kwezinyoni.
Lezi zinyoni zizingela njengama-aristocrat angempela. Ekuqaleni, zandizela phezu kolwandle ngokubabazekayo, zizifunela inyamazane, lapho nje isitholakala, inyoni ivele ishone phansi, ibambe amanzi ayo bese ibaleka. Le nyoni iyakwazi ukubamba inhlanzi enesisindo esingu-4 kg ngezinselo zayo. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuhlaba umxhwele, izinkozi azikwazi ukudonsa, esikhundleni salokho, zehla kanye ne-parabola, amasu, izindiza emoyeni, ukuwa kwalo kungaqhathaniswa nokundiza kweqabunga eliwile. Ukhozi ludla inyamazane yalo ngaphandle kokulandela, luphule ngomlomo oqinile, nezinqe namathambo.
Ukuhlaselwa kokhozi olwandle lukaSteller. Ukhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller oludla inyama. Ukhozi olwandle lukaSteller luzingela izinhlanzi. Ukhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller "luthatha" izinhlanzi eziphonswe kuye, uVladivostok. Ukhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller lwabamba inhlanzi.
Ubukhulu obukhulu abuvumeli inyoni ukuthi ihlale emoyeni isikhathi eside, njengomthetho, isikhathi sendiza asidluli imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku. Lesi sici sokuziphatha sinquma indawo yokuhlala kwale nyoni ngasogwini lolwandle ukuze ikwazi ukufinyelela ekudleni ngokushesha okukhulu.
Izinkozi zasolwandle zaseSteller nazo zinezitha zemvelo - lezi ngamaqhude, amasaka namabhere.