I-oatmeal enomhlophe omhlophe, noma i-zonotrichia (Zonotrichia leucophrys) likhulu kancanyana kunondlunkulu (ubude bomzimba wakhe buyi-15 cm cm, isisindo 25-28 g). Ikhanda, isifuba nohlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba lwalesi oatmeal ngmpunga, kanti ingxenye engenhla yekhanda ihlotshiswe ngemicu emibili emide emide, ihlukaniswe umucu omude obude besithsaba. Le nyoni inemivimbo emhlophe ngenhla kwamashiya, eyathola ngayo igama lesiRussia. Imicu emnyama emincane isuka esweni iye emuva kwekhanda nasemuva kwentamo. Emuva namaphiko e-zonotrichia emhlophe-brow ayimpunga ekhanyayo ngemivimbo emsundu, emaphikweni kukhona imivimbo emhlophe emibili, imilenze ingadwetshwa kusuka onsundu iye ku-pink. Uqhwaku lwalesi oatmeal mfushane, uqweqwe futhi buxinwe kamuva, ngombala opinki. I-dimorphism yezocansi kulolu hlobo ayivezwanga.
Ukusabalalisa nokukhiqiza kabusha
Kusatshalaliswa i-oatmeal enamakhanda amhlophe entshonalanga ye-Alaska, nasezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho nezisembusweni wesifundazwe saseBrithani (Canada). Ihlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivulekile, izihlahlana kanye nomhlanga, ihlathi elingaphansi, kuvame ukutholakala kuma-shrubby tundra nasemadwaleni asogwini anama-alder. Izilokazane ezihlahleni, hhayi eziphakeme ngaphezu komhlaba. Insikazi ibeka ama-3-7, amaqanda angama-4-5 grey, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngama-brown.
Animal Reader - Umagazini online mayelana nezilwane
Namuhla kunezinhlobo eziningi zamakati, kepha yimbalwa kuphela yazo engaziqhayisa.
#animalreader #animals #animal #nature
Animal Reader - Umagazini online mayelana nezilwane
Umndeni onqabile awuzange wakhele umngani omncane u-furry, i-hamster, ingane yakhe. Iqhawe lezingane.
#animalreader #animals #animal #nature
Animal Reader - Umagazini online mayelana nezilwane
I-mangobey enekhanda elibomvu (i-Cercocebus torquatus) noma i-mangabey enekhanda elibomvu noma ikhola emhlophe.
#animalreader #animals #animal #nature
Animal Reader - Umagazini online mayelana nezilwane
I-Agami (igama lesiLatin elithi Agamia agami) iyinyoni engowomndeni wama-heron. Ukubuka okuyimfihlo.
#animalreader #animals #animal #nature
Animal Reader - Umagazini online mayelana nezilwane
Ukuzala ikati likaMaine Coon. Incazelo, izici, imvelo, ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa
https://animalreader.ru/mejn-kun-poroda-koshek-opisan ..
Ikati eliwinanga hhayi kuphela uthando lwabantu abaningi, kodwa futhi nenani elikhulu kakhulu lezihloko eziseBhukwini lamaRekhodi.
#animalreader #animals #animal #nature
Animal Reader - Umagazini online mayelana nezilwane
Enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu futhi engaqondakali phakathi kwamakati yiNeva Masquerade. Azikho izilwane ezifuywayo.
#animalreader #animals #animal #nature
Umsoco
Ama-oatmeal amhlophe aqhamile adla ikakhulukazi ekudleni kwezitshalo, kufaka phakathi imbewu enokhula nezinambuzane, kwesinye isikhathi ezizingelwa lapho indiza. Lokhu kudla kwe-oatmeal ikakhulukazi emhlabathini, futhi kuvame ukuhamba noma ukugijima, kunokuba kugxume, kungafani nodlame. Amabhinca opopayi besilisa avame ukucula lapho ehleli egatsheni elingaphezulu lesihlahla, uhlangothi olude lotshani, idwala noma izintambo.
Okushiwo ngezici kanye nezici
I-Subtype yalokhu oatmeal I-Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii izidleke kanye nezibopho zamankukhu enyakatho nentshonalanga yeCanada yonke indlela eya e-Alaska, kanti ekuqaleni kwekwindla, amaqabunga ayobusika ebusika eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States nasenyakatho nentshonalanga neMexico. Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni eziningi ezifudukayo, izindunduma ezinamakhanda amhlophe azindingi emaphaketheni, kodwa ngazinye, yize zizama ukuhlala ndawonye eholidini.
I-Beaver-zonotrichia - Enye yezintombi zezingoma ezifundwe kahle eNyakatho Melika. Izinhlobo ezine zezinhlobo zakhe ezinhlanu ziyafuduka. E-Russia, izindiza eziningi zama-oatmeal ama-beaver aqoshwa e-Wrangel Island.
Indlela emhlophe yondlunkulu
Lezi zinyoni zichitha isikhathi esiningi ezihlahleni, emahlathini amahlathi, emapaki nasezivandeni. Kutholakala imithambo emincane emise okomhlophe ocingweni olubheke eduze kwamasimu ngqo phansi, ngaleyo ndlela ifane nendlunkulu yendlu, kodwa indlela yokuphila yezinhlobo ze-zonotrich ifana ncamashi.
Baphila iminyaka eyi-9. Izinyoni zidla izinambuzane, amajikijolo kanye nembewu efunwa emhlabeni.
Ngaphandle, i-zonotrichia ifana nondlunkulu wakithi wendabuko.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-zonotrichia emhlophe emhlophe
Lapho kufika isikhathi sokuzalela (umzabalazo phakathi kwabesilisa ukunakwa kwezinsikazi), ama-zonotrichia anaka abalingani abanombala wekhanda ohlukile. Kwisayensi, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-assortative crossbreeding.
Isidleke somgodi omhlophe ongena emhlabathini, imvamisa eduze kwezihlahla noma izihlahla. Esidlekeni esinjengendebe esakhiwe emhlabathini, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-4-6. Ukuqunjelwa kwabo kuthatha cishe amasonto ama-2. Indima yeduna ukondla amachwane ngezinambuzane nezicabucabu. Ngemuva kwesonto, izinyoni ezincane zingakhombisa ukuzimela.
Izinyoni zidla phansi emhlabathini, eduze nezihlahla noma izihlahla.
Ukuziphatha kwe-morphs ehlukile ye-zonotrichia emhlophe emhlophe
Ama-morph amabili anemibala anokuhlukahluka okukhulu ekuziphatheni, okubonakala kakhulu lapho kuqala unyaka wokuzalela. Abantu “abamhlophe” banolaka olwengeziwe, bathambekele ekushade nabesifazane abaningi, kepha bacula kaningi. Ngenkathi i- "brown" i-zonotrichia ibonisa i-monogamy, ubudlova obuncane nokunakekelwa okuthe xaxa kwenzalo. Kukholelwa ukuthi umehluko onjalo ekuziphatheni kwama-buntings amhlophe abonakala ngenxa yokungafani kwe-morphospecific okuncike ngemuva kwesizinda se-hormonal futhi, futhi, izici zomqondo wobuchopho babo.
Lalela izwi le-zonotrichia emhlophe elimhlophe
NgoJuni, lapho kuqala isikhathi sokuzalela, i-oatmeal yeduna elimhlophe iba ngumzimba ngokungajwayelekile futhi ihlala icula okuwukuphela kwengoma, equkethe imisindo ehlukahlukene eyi-12. Abantu beza nemishwana ehlukahlukene ehlekisayo yale ngoma. Izinyoni zihlabelela iculo lazo ngaphandle kokuhluka, ngakho-ke kunikeza umsindo ozwakalayo.
Indima ye-zonotrichia empilweni yomuntu
Kwezinye izifunda, ama-zonotrichia amhlophe acwebile abanjwa futhi atshalwe emakhejini amahle, njengezinyoni zokuhlobisa.
Kaningi babulawa inyama enambitha. I-zonotrichia emhlophe-eyimodeli iyisibonelo esibonakalayo ekutadisheni izakhi zofuzo nohlobo lokuziphatha kwezinyoni.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Oda Ama-Passeriformes
I-oda i-Vorobinobraznye ifaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezinhlanu, okungaphezu kwama-60% azo zonke izinyoni zomhlaba wezilwane. Kulezi zinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu, kunezinyoni ezinkulu kakhulu: igwababa elinesisindo esingamakhilogremu elilodwa nohhafu, futhi elincane: i-kinglet enesisindo esingu-5-8 amagremu (Fig. 1-3).
U-fig. 3. i-waxwing
Ondlunkulu basatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica kanye nezinye iziqhingi. Amakhanda abo mancane, ukuma koqhwaku kungahlukahluka (kuya ngokuthi kudliwa yinyoni), emilenzeni kukhona iminwe emine ephela ngozipoki obukhali, umunwe wokuqala ubheka emuva.
U-fig. 4. Okukhulu
I-plumage inzima, amaphiko angaba mude futhi abukhali, njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, ngemigqa noma emfushane futhi ethambile (undlunkulu). Ubuchopho be-Vorobinobraznyh bufinyelela ekuthuthukisweni okuphezulu kakhulu. Izinhlobo eziningi zihlala ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni; kunezimbalwa izinhlobo zomhlaba: ezinye izinhlobo zichitha iningi lazo empilweni.
Ama-Passeriformes ahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo ngokuvamile ayizinhlobo ezifudukayo, ama-Passeriformes asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni engezansi ayindawo yokuhlala noma yokuma. Imvamisa kukhona i-dimorphism yocansi, ekhonjiswa ngokuhlukahluka ngosayizi, izwi nombala wamadoda nabesifazane.
Kumagagies, jays, skates, carduelis, warblers kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni, owesilisa nowesifazane cishe kuyafana. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, ama-passerines akha amabhangqa angangena ezindaweni ezithile zokuzalela noma isidleke esinamakholoni (Fig. 6, 7).
U-fig. 6. Amadoda jay nowesifazane
U-fig. 7. Owesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane
Ondlunkulu babonakala ngokwakhiwa kwezidleke zesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi izidleke zokusikeka, zomsuki nezidumbu.
Iminsalo namaqhude akha izidleke emiqhele yemithi emide. Izinkanyezi nama-tiles zivame ukuhlala emigodini, futhi izinkanyezi zihlala ngokuzithandela izindlu ezenzelwe zona ngabantu. UBarn ukugwinya kwakha izidleke zabo kusuka kubumba ngaphansi kophahla lwezakhiwo (Fig. 8, 9).
U-fig. 8. Isidleke somluki
U-fig. 9. I-birdhouse
Inani lamaqanda ku-clutch lingahluka: kusuka ku-4-6 ngamaqhude, ama-jay, nezinkabi zezinkunzi kuya ku-11 kuya ku-13 kweVorobinovye encane. Bobabili abazali bafaka amaqanda futhi banakekele amaphuphu, njengomthetho. Ukubamba kuqala ngemuva kokubeka onke amaqanda. Kukhahlela esidlekeni sonyaka owodwa. Ezinhlotsheni ezincane, ukufakwa kuhlala ezinsukwini eziyi-11 kuye kwezingu-13 ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu - kusuka kwezingu-17 kuye kwezingu-21 ngosuku olulodwa.
U-fig. 10. I-Nest of the thrush
Ama-Passeriformes amachwane aminyene. Amachwane abo abonakala enqunu, engenakusiza. Ekuqaleni zidla izinambuzane ezincane kanye nezibungu, kamuva izinambuzane ezinkulu kanye nembewu zingaba njengokudla kwam amaphuphu asekhulile kakade.
U-fig. 11. Ukukhula Ama-Finch Chick
Ngezinsuku ezisukela ku-8-9, amaphuphu, izindunduma, kanye namakati kungashiya isidleke, kepha ziqala ukundiza kuphela ngemuva kwamasonto amabili. Emgungundlovu, amaphuphu ashiya isidleke kwenye indawo ngosuku lwe-28, nokho, aqala ukundiza kuphela ngosuku lwe-34 kuya ku-35.
Ama-passeriformes amancane adla ikakhulukazi izinambuzane, ngokwesibonelo, i-kinglet ingadla izinambuzane zamahlathi ezigidi ezine ngonyaka. Ama-Passeriformes ayakwazi ukudla izinambuzane, asindise isivuno, ezinye izinyoni ezidla ubhedu zidla imbewu yezitshalo ezitshaliwe, zibangele nomnotho womuntu.
Kukhona izinyoni ezinhle emhumeni, isibonelo, igwababa, iqhude, iqhude, i-jay lamashumi amane liyakwazi ukudla ama-amphibians, izinduku ezifana negundane, kanye namachwane amaqanda ezinye izinyoni.
Ngokwemibono ehlukahlukene, imindeni engama-60 kuye kwengama-72 ingeyama-oda iVorobinobraznye. Leli qembu lifaka ama-swallows, lark, inqola, i-waxwing, i-shrike, i-thrushes, i-tits, ama-corvid nezinye izinyoni eziningi (Fig. 12, 13).
U-fig. 12. Thambisa
U-fig. 13. Indigo oatmeal
Uyazi ukuthi yini ...
Amabhuqa aqhubeke nokudla okuzimele cishe ngosuku lwe-70. Zidla ezinambuzaneni ezinkulu, ama-mollusks, ama-amphibians, izibankwa ezincane kanye namagundane. Isisulu sibanjwa ikakhulu emhlabathini.
Izingwamza zikujabulela ukuvikelwa ngabantu, kepha ezindaweni zabo inani labo liyawa. Izizathu ezinkulu zalokhu akuyona ukubhujiswa kwezidleke noma ukulandela izitha, kepha ukwehliswa okubukhali kokuphakelayo kokudla okubangelwa ukudonswa kwamanzi amawa kanye nezihlambi ezishisayo. Udosi omnyama ufakiwe encwadini ebomvu.
Phakathi kwamaPasseriformes emndenini wakwa-Olyapkov, izinyoni zibhukuda kahle, zishona futhi zibuye zigijimele ngaphansi kwendawo yokugcina amanzi. Izihlahla zomnqamulajuqu kanye nezihlahla zikaphayini ziyakwazi ukwakha izidleke futhi zizalwe ebusika, lapho kunenala yembewu yazo yokudla ye-spruce nephayini.
U-fig. 14. Ukudonsa iDipper
Ama-Passeriformes amancane angahlala kaningana ngonyaka. Kwesinye isikhathi izinduku ezimbili zisondelene komunye nomunye kangangokuba insikazi iqala ukwakha isidleke sesibili ibeke amaqanda ayo ngaphambi kokuba amaphuphu ayo kuqala ukuzimela lapho amaphuphu ekhuliswa owesilisa.
Isigcawu esakhiwe ngesikwele
Iqembu elifana ne-Swift - ukubanjwa okukhulu kwezinyoni, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingama-400 zezinyoni ezincane noma ezincane. Izimpukane ezinamaphiko - Izimpukane ze-Swift, zichitha cishe impilo yazo yonke zindiza, zihamba, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu ukuze zigijime futhi azibhukuda i-Swift-winged. I-detachment ihlukaniswe izifunda ezimbili - empeleni amaSwaps namaHummingbird.
Swwing izinyoni ezincane, ngomzimba obukhulu, ikhanda elithobekile, umlomo omfishane, isigaba somlomo sibanzi kakhulu. Amaswidi feed, umngane womshado, ukuqoqa impahla esidlekeni, isiphuzo ngisho nokugeza indiza. Ngaphandle, zibukeka njengezimbotshana, kepha kulula ukuzihlukanisa ngamaphiko amade nalawa ahamba kahle. Ngokuya ngejubane lokundiza, ukuqoshwa kwama-swipes, ayakwazi ukushesha aze afike ku-160 km / h.
Isizinda esingaphansi kweHummingbird sifaka izinyoni ezincane kunazo zonke, kwesinye isikhathi ezinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-2. Cabanga: licishe liphindwe kathathu kunelethu elincanyana. Izikhumba ezinkulu kakhulu ze-hummingb ngezinye izikhathi zifinyelela usayizi womgwinyo. Uqhwaku lukaHummingbird lincane, lide, kwesinye isikhathi ubude balo budlula ubude bomzimba. AmaHummingbirds adla kakhulu ngompe wezimbali, kwesinye isikhathi izinambuzane, azondla ngempukane.
Isikebhe seMbuzi
I-Goat-like oda iqembu elikhulu lezinyoni, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo eziyikhulu. Zisakazwa ikakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziphansi. Ngokwezinye izibonakaliso, ama-Goat-like afana kakhulu nezikhova, ngakho-ke anenqwaba yemifula evulekile, nethambile futhi anamehlo amakhulu athambile. Enye yezici ezibalwe kakhulu umucu omfishane, obanzi kakhulu nge-setae eceleni kwemiphetho yomlomo. Lolu uhlobo lwenetha elisebenzela ukubamba izinambuzane ezindizayo ebusuku.
U-fig. 18. Njengembuzi
Onke amaKozodoi ayizindiza ezinhle. AmaKozodoi ayizinyoni ezinyantisa igazi. Kuyamangaza ukuthi amaphuphu abo aphuma ebonwa futhi enamabala, njengezinyoni ezinamantshontsho, kodwa abazali bawo bawondla njengamachwane.
Isici esimangazayo amaKozodoi ahlala emihumeni ejulile, ayakwazi ukuqonda izinkanyezi. Akumangalisi futhi amandla amanye amaKozodoys okufihla ukwehla okuqinile kokushisa komzimba.
I-squad Ankle
I-oda Shafted noma Ciconiiformes.
Abamele lokhu kusatshalaliswa kusatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke ngaphandle kwezifunda ezinamakhaza. Ama-Ciconiiformes ikakhulukazi ayizinyoni ezi-thermophilic, ezichaza ukwahluka kwazo okukhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo nezithambile, yize abanye abamele iCiconiiformes bevela ehlobo ngisho naku-tundra.
U-fig. 19. Ciconiiformes
Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, amaCiconiiformes athuthela emazweni afudumele, izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo noma esifudumele sisetshenziswa ama-ciconiiformes ngokuzalanisa namathole. Onke ama-Ciconiiformes abonakala ngemilenze emide, intamo ende enyakazayo, ikhanda elincane, uqhwaku olude, olunamandla kwesinye isikhathi olunwebekile ekugcineni. Imilenze ine-ezine, iminwe imvama.
Isembozo se-feather sivele sinezimpaphe ezimbalwa. Amaphiko makhulu, umsila obanzi mfushane. Umbala owesilisa nowesifazane ngokuhlukile okungafani kuyafana.
Ama-Ciconiiformes a-monogamous. Izidleke ze-Ankle ezihlahleni, izihlahlana, eduze namanzi, zisebenzisa imifino ezindaweni ezivame kakhulu. Amaqhude athande ukuhlela izidleke zawo ezakhiweni zabantu. Ku-clutch kusuka emaqanda amabili kuya kwayi-6. Njengomthetho, bobabili abazali bayashintshana. Isikhathi sokubopha sisuka ezinsukwini eziyi-17 kuye kwezingama-32. Imikhaza ibonakala ihamba-ze, ingenasizo, zidinga isikhathi eside ukufudumala nokondla (Umd. 20, 21).
U-fig. 20. Ama-Nicing Ciconiiformes
U-fig. 21. Inkukhu emnyama eshisayo
Ama-ciconiiformes adla izinhlanzi nezinambuzane, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zidla ama-amphibians, izinduku ezincane ezifana negundane, izibankwa, ngisho namachwane ezinye izinyoni. Imarabou yase-Afrika ivame ukudlela ku-carrion.
U-fig. 22. Ukubanjwa kweCiconiiformes
ICradad Ankle ifaka izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-120 emindenini eyi-6. Okudume kakhulu yimindeni kaHeron neStork. Umndeni wakwaHeron ufaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-60 zezinhlobo ezinkulu (i-Great White Heron), eziphakathi (iGeon Heron) nezinyoni ezincane (I-Bittern Encanyana, i-Fig. 23). Abamele lo mhlangano bahlome ngoqhwaku olude olucindezelwe kusukela ezinhlangothini, emaphethelweni oqhwaku embozwe ngamazinyo amancane.
U-fig. 23. Okuncane okuncane
Ama-herons ngokuvamile ayizinyoni zamakoloni, adla izinhlanzi, izinambuzane zasemanzini, ama-crustaceans, ama-amphibians futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinyoka ezincane. Babamba inyamazane yabo ikakhulu emanzini. I-Grey heron ihlala ezingxenyeni eziphakathi nezisenyakatho neYurophu yaseYurophu.
U-fig. 24. Grey Heron
Wakha izidleke eduze kwamanzi, ezihlahleni, kwesinye isikhathi ngenhla kwamanzi emibhedeni yomhlanga. E-clutch kukhona amaqanda ama-4 kuya ku-6 aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuqandeka kuqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokubeka iqanda lokuqala, ngakho amaphuphu esidlekeni aneminyaka yobudala ehlukile. Isikhathi sokufakwa uqobo sihlala izinsuku ezingama-26-27. Imichilo ihlungwa inqunu, ayinasizi, kepha iboniwe. Zibopha izinsuku eziyisikhombisa-9. Ebusika, i-heron grey ithuthela eSouth West Africa. I-Grey herons idla izinhlanzi, zivame ukubhubhisa izinhlanzi ezinesifo, zidlala indima yemiyalo yamachibi.
IGreater Heron yindawo ebanzi kunazo zonke; itholakala endaweni eseningizimu yeRussia YaseYurophu eCaucasus, eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi eCentral Asia eningizimu yeSiberia, empumalanga ekude naseJapan.
U-fig. 25. IGreater Heron eNkulu
Lezi yizinyoni ezifudukayo, zihlela izidleke eduze namanzi ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo, kwesinye isikhathi ezihlahleni ezino thango kanye nasesikejini somhlanga. Ku-clutch kusuka emaqanda amathathu kuya kwayi-5. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwesinye isikhathi sithatha izinsuku ezingama-25 kuye kwezingama-26.
Umndeni weStork ufaka izinhlobo eziyi-17-18, lezi yizinyoni ezinkulu. Izimpiko zem marabou yase-Afrika zingaba amamitha amathathu. Izintambo zezwi lezikwemba ziyancishiswa, ngakho-ke izinyoni ezindala cishe azinamazwi. Benza imisindo ngokuchofoza ngemilomo yabo, umsindo ukhuliswa yisiga somphimbo.
U-fig. 26. I-African Marabou
Izingwamza zisatshalaliswa ikakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo. Izindebe ezimhlophe, ezimnyama nezimnyama zitholakala eRussia. Zonke izingwamza zithanda izindawo ezomile, zihlala emaqeleni, ezintabeni. Ingwamza emhlophe ingangena kuzo zombili izindawo zemvelo nezakhiwo zabantu. Ku-clutch kusuka emaqanda amathathu kuya kwayi-5. Isikhathi sokufakelwa sihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga. Izinyoni zisendaweni esidlekeni cishe izinsuku ezingama-55.
I-Detachment Rakseobraznye
I-Rakshoobrazny oda limelelwa ikakhulukazi yizinyoni ezinemibala egqamile ngokubukeka kahle kwezindawo ezishisayo. Amasayizi aphakathi nalawo amancane. E-fauna yethu, ummeleli omncane kunazo zonke i-kingfisher evamile enesisindo esingu-30 amagremu. Ummeleli omkhulu kakhulu uyi-roaster enesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-200.
U-fig. 27. I-Kingfisher
U-fig. 28. ILilac-ibele leBlue Roller
I-plumage ilukhuni, isondelene nomzimba. Ngombala, owesilisa nowesifazane akahlukile, uqhwaku lude, luqinile, luqondile. Imilenze ineminwe emine, kwezinye izinkabi ezinye zinezici ezintathu. I-Rakshoobraznye - izinyoni ezi-monogamous, azakhi izidleke zangempela. I-neva emigodini, emiseleni, emifantwini yamatshe. Imichilo ibanjwe inqunu futhi iyimpumputhe. I-oda lifaka phakathi imindeni engama-5 nezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-150. Abadume kakhulu yiKingfisher yomndeni, uSchurokovye noSizovoronkovye.
U-fig. 29. I-rainbow Inyosi-edlayo
Isifinyezo Sesifundo
Ngakho-ke, ama-Passeriformes ahlukaniswa izinyoni eziningi kakhulu. Uku-oda kufaka phakathi izinyoni ezincane nezincane, ezihlukahluka ngokubukeka, indlela yokuphila, izimo zokuphila nezindlela zokuthola ukudla. Kusatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke. Lezi zinyoni zinendlela ehlukile yoqhwaku, ezingakaze zimbozwe eziko ngensi, imilenze yazo iphansi esithendeni ngokuhlanganiswa futhi embozwe amapuleti amaningana ngaphambili. Iminwe emine, emithathu yayo iqondiswe phambili, enye emuva. Ezinye izinyoni ezihlolwe kulesi sifundo zingemiyalo ye-Ankle, Goat-like, Swift-like.
Izinkomba
- I-Latyushin V.V., i-Shapkin V.A. Ibhayoloji. Izilwane. Ibanga lesi-7. - M: Bustard, 2011.
- N.I. Sonin, V.B. I-Zakharov. Ibhayoloji. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Izilwane. Ibanga lesi-8. - M: Bustard, 2009.
Izixhumanisi ezingeziwe ezinconyelwe izinsiza ze-Inthanethi
Umsebenzi wasekhaya
- Khumbula ukufana kwesigaba seZinyoni.
- Nikeza incazelo ejwayelekile ye-oda Ondlunkulu. Yiziphi izinyoni ezikule oda?
- Yiziphi izinyoni i-Ankle? Yini imisebenzi yendlela yabo yokuphila nesakhiwo sangaphandle?
- Bhala uhlu olwaziwe ngabamele amaSwaps. Yibaphi “abagqugquzeli” bomhlaba wezilwane abakuleli qembu?
- Yiziphi izinyoni okungezakho oda Rakseobraznye? Iziphi izici zokuphila kwabo ozaziyo?
- Xoxa nabangane nomndeni ngokubaluleka kwabamele ama-oda ama-Passeriformes, Ciconiiformes, Goat-like, kanye ne-Swift-like emvelweni nasekuphileni komuntu.
Uma uthola iphutha noma isixhumanisi esiphukile, sicela usazise - yenza umnikelo wakho ekuthuthukisweni kwephrojekthi.
Izakhi zofuzo
Phakathi kwama-karyotypes we-morphs emibili yombala, umehluko ekuhlelweni kabusha kwe-chromosomal (inversions) okuthinta owesibili, futhi futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kungokwesithathu, ama-autosomes. Ama-morphs amhlophe aqhelelene ekuhleleni kabusha kwe-chromosome ku-chromosome yesi-2 - 2 m / 2, ngenkathi abantu "abansundu" bengenazo lezi zinto eziphindwayo, okungukuthi, bangama-homozygotes 2/2 .
Izakhi zofuzo zamangqamuzana
- Ukulandelana kwe-nucleotide efakiwe kudathabhethiI-EntrezNucleotide, IGenBank, i-NCBI, e-USA: I-33 937 (ifinyelelwe ngoMashi 1, 2015).
- Ukulandelana kwamaprotheni afakiwe kwidathabhethi I-Entrezprotein, IGenBank, i-NCBI, e-USA: 19,224 (ifinyelelwe ngoMashi 1, 2015).
I-zonotrichia emhlophe enezimpawu zofuzo ungomunye wabamele abafundwe kakhulu bomndeni we-oatmeal (Emberizidae) Okokuhlonza abathwali be-chromosome abangaphakathi 2 m ukuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana kususelwa ku-polymorphism ekulandelaneni kofuzo kwe-peptide yamathumbu e-vasoactive (I-VIP) etholakala ku-chromosome yesibili.
I-zonotrichia emhlophe enenhlabathi iyinhlangano eyisibonelo yokufunda izakhi zofuzo nohlobo lokuziphatha. Ngale njongo, ukulandelana okuphelele kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane kwenziwa (ngonyaka ka-2013), umtapo wezincwadi we-LHC we-genome, amamephu awo wokuqhathanisa ngokomzimba kanye ne-cytogenetic, futhi ahlelwe ngokubhaliwe kwawo.