Izinqama zasendle ziyizilwane eziphakathi nendawo ezinobunye. I-dimorphism yezocansi kuthiwa kuyo. Ukuphakama lapho kubuna izinsikazi ezindala kungama-80-83 cm, kuthi okuncane kwezinsikazi kube ngamasentimitha angama-70. Umehluko omkhulu wangaphandle ubukhona bezimpondo emadodeni. Zibekwe ngokuqondile ngokuxuxekile maqondana ne-axis emide yesikhanda, evame ukugoba uhlobo lwasekhaya (oluhlanganisiwe, olusontekile), luphenduka ngemiphetho luqonde naphambili, luhambisana nezinhlangothi zekhanda (kwesinye isikhathi kuye phambili nokuya ngaphakathi). Ukuphakama kwezimpondo kugobo lwangaphandle kungafinyelela ku-75-80 cm nge-girth ngaphansi kuka-20-25 cm. Ngenxa yalo mhlobiso omkhulu, abesilisa banobunzima obungu-20-25 kg kunezinsikazi ezingenazimpondo noma ezinezimpondo ezincane futhi zinesisindo esingu-35 kg ngokwesilinganiso.

Izici eziphambili zangaphandle zalezi zilwane ziphawuleka kakhulu:

• Umzimba ocwebile onomugqa we-concave emuva ngaphambili nesifuba esijulile.
• Ikhanda elinephrofayili eqondile yengxenye yangaphambili lilingana nosayizi womzimba futhi libekwe entanyeni ephakathi nendawo.
• Imilenze emide enezimpande kuhla olungaphambili lwama-35 mm, nangemuva - cishe ama-40 mm.
• Umsila omncane, cishe 10 cm.
• Ijazi lakhiwa izinwele zangaphandle ezinokuthungwa okuqinile nokuthambile kodwa okugcwele okugcwele ngaphansi kwangaphansi. Kwabanye abantu, uboya bukhomba izikejana ezinama-volumous jabot ridges esifubeni. Umthunzi ojwayelekile wombala wejazi uhlukile ngenkathi yezikhathi zasehlobo nasebusika, ohlukahluka kusuka kokukhanya okuyi-brownish kuya kuma-nuances amnyama grey ajulile. Izindawo zokubuna, izindwani zamahlombe kanye nesisekelo somsila kuvame ukuba mnyama, futhi isisu, okhalweni nasemuva kwe-croup kukhanya. Umbala we-undercoat uhlala uvuna futhi u-beige. Umucu omnyama kakhulu, ocishe umnyama ogijima emgogodleni usuka entanyeni uye emsileni uhlukaniswa ngombala wejazi.

Lezi zilwane zingabapheki bezimvu ezifuywayo.

Indawo yokuhlala nezinhlobo zezimvu zasendle

Izinhlobo ezimbili zihlukaniswa ngokuya ngemvelaphi nendawo yokuhlala: i-European and Asia (i-Troal noma i-Ustyurt).

Izindawo lapho kuvela khona abameleli bezinhlobo zaseYurophu yiziqhingi zaseMedithera. Njengoba ekuqaleni ibekade ingena eSardinia naseSisily, izimvu zasendle ziye zathola indawo yokufakelwa eCyprus nasezigodini zezintaba eziseningizimu yeYurophu. E-Russia, inhlobo yase-Europe itholakala eCrimea kuphela, lapho yaqashelwa khona eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu eyedlule.

Ama-Anatolian, amaCorsican, abantu baseSicily, ngemuva kwezokuhamba nokuxhunyaniswa, bavumelana nezimo ezishiyelana ne-Russia

Okuvame kakhulu ama-Arkals. Indawo abahlala kuyo yiKazakhstan, izifunda eziseningizimu yeTurkmenistan neTajikistan, iTranscaucasia, inyakatho-ntshonalanga yezinhlelo zezintaba zaseHindustan, Balochistan, Iran nase-Afghanistan.

Uhlobo lwe-Ustyurt lokubona ngenxa yokushiswa yilanga lubekezelela ngokwengeziwe i-European

Ngaphezu kwezindawo zokuhanjiswa, akukho mehluko okhona phakathi kwezimvu zaseYurophu ezisezintabeni kanye nogologo wayo omkhulu wase-Asia. Izindawo ezithandwayo zezimvu zasendle ziyizindawo zezintaba ezinethezekile elizolile leziqongo eziyindilinga, amathafa athambekele nemithambeka emnene enohlaza olunothile. Emithambekeni edwala eliqinile, izilwane zizizwa zingalondekile, futhi emaphethelweni ayingozi asemagigini awasizi ngalutho. Ehlobo, zihlala ezindaweni ezinomthunzi we-alpine meadows. Ebusika, izilwane zithanda ukuba phansi kwentaba ezishiswa yilanga futhi zibalekele esimeni sezulu emishinini evikelwe umoya.

Incazelo

UMouflon ubizwa ngokuthi ungomunye wabamele imibala yezilwane ezinhle kakhulu. Izazi zebhayoloji zikholelwa ukuthi kusuka kule nhlobo kwaqhamuka izimvu ezifuywayo ezijwayelekile. Futhi ngisho nalabo ababona inqama yasendle okokuqala bangayiqaphela ngokuqiniseka ngokusho komugqa ojwayelekile - izimpondo eziyindilinga. Isilwane sisatshalaliswa kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Europe.

Kodwa izimpondo ze-atypical noboya obalulekile kwaholela ekuzingeleni okusebenzayo, okwakubeka ama-artiodactyls onqenqemeni lokuqothulwa.

Ezinye izinhlobo zama-mouflons zibhalwe kwi-Red Book yamazwe omhlaba. Zigcinwa ezindaweni zokugcina imvelo naseziqiwini. Kwezinye izindawo, ukwenziwa kwamakhaya kuyenziwa. Isilwane esikhulu esinamachokozi sanda kakhulu ezintabeni.

Inqama yasendle ibukeka njengesidalwa esakhiwe kahle, ihlukaniswa ngobukhulu bayo obuphakathi.

I-Inter-genital dimorphism ithuthukiswe kakhulu. Amadoda amadala akhula afinyelela ku-0,8-0.83 m, izintokazi ezinesizotha kakhudlwana - hhayi ngaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-0.7. Kepha akudingekile ukukala ukukhula, ngoba abesilisa kuphela abanezimpondo ezibekwe ngephutha maqondana ne-axit ye-longitudinal cranial.

Ezimweni eziningi, zigobeka ngephethini elingaziwa (elifana ngesakhiwo nokuvunguza). Amaphethelo aqonde ngaphambili, asebenza ngokufana emaphethelweni esigebhezi. Kepha kwezinye izimo ziqondiswa phambili futhi kancane ngaphakathi. Ubukhulu bokugoba kwangaphandle kwezimpondo ezinkulu ze-mouflon buyi-0.75-0.8 m, ngenkathi ezansi kungu-0-0-0.25 m.

“Umhlobiso” osindayo kangako wenza abesilisa babe ngama-20-25 kg amakhulu kunabesifazane.

Izici ezijwayelekile ze-mouflon yizinkomba ezilandelayo:

• umzimba ohlangeneyo kanye nokhonkolo emuva,
• isifuba esijulile
• imininingwane eqondile engaphambili lekhanda,
• ukulingana kwekhanda nomzimba wonke,
• ngentamo ende
• imilenze emide
• okokuqina emilenzeni yangaphambili cishe kungama-0,035 m ukuphakama, emilenzeni yangemuva - kuze kufike ku-0.04 m.

Umsila we-mouflon awudluli ku-0.1 m. Izinwele zakhiwa ngenxa yezinwele zangaphandle. Zibonakaliswa ukuthungwa okuqinile nokuthambile, okuhlanganisiwe kwangaphansi. Abanye abantu bahlukaniswa yindaba yokuthi kuvela izintaba zoboya obuqonde esifubeni. Uboya bokupheka bungaba nemithunzi ehlukene ehlobo nasebusika.

Ukwehluka kusuka kokukhanya kuya kumnyama grey tones kungenzeka.

Imvamisa, izindwani, ama-ehlombe namahlaya anomthunzi omnyama. Ijazi lilula esiswini, okhalweni nasemuva kwe-croup. Isikebhe esingaphansi sipendwe ngokuhlala fawn ne-beige. Umehluko oshukumisayo udala umucu ocishe ube mnyama, ugijima ngokufana nomgogodla usuka entanyeni uye emsileni.

Ubudala obuqondile bomuntu bunqunywa ngamasongo wonyaka amboze izimpondo. Ihlobo lasehlobo lihlala kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti, futhi ekwindla liba coarser. Emaphethelweni kwalasha nasemithambekeni emaweni, i-mouflon cishe ayinakusiza. Lapho uqaphele usongo, i-artiodactyl izohamba ngokushesha, izwakalise umsindo omkhulu.

Isisindo sezimpondo singafinyelela ku-10% wesisindo sonke. Izimpondo zikhula kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo. Kwezinye izimo, izimvu zize zizilole ngamatshe, ngaphandle kwalokho ukubonwa kwendawo ezungezile kuyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukusebenza kwe-mouflon kuyashesha - noma kumhlaba onzima isivinini sifinyelela ngaphezu kwe-50 km / h.

Izimpi zezilwane ziyehluka ngokubabayo, kepha kuphela ezimweni ezingazodwa eziholela ekulimaleni okukhulu noma ekufeni kwezimbangi. Umlo uqala ngokuboniswa kwezimpondo. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuhlahlela kabusha kanye nomthelela wezinselo zangaphambili. Uma impi ingapheli, ama-mouflons asakazeka aqale ukubamba ngamandla ngokuqalisa.

Ukulwa kuyaqhubeka amahora amaningi. Abaphikisi ngezikhathi ezithile bayayiphazamisa impi yokubuyisa amandla. Konke kuzophela kuphela lapho omunye wabaphikisi eshiya umdlalo ngokuzithandela. Inqama yasentabeni ingamelana nomzabalazo onobudlova onjalo kuphela ngenxa yogebhezi oluqinile.

Igobolondo lezimpondo, njengokungathi ligcwele imizimba - kukhona izimbobo ezingaphansi kobuso bazo. Ukufuduka kwesizini kwenzeka kabili noma kathathu ngonyaka.

Ngaphezu kwakho konke, izimvu zithanda i-lupine yasendle, i-heather ne-nettle kusuka ekudleni.

Ukuphumula kosuku, amaqhubu ama-mouflon angqongqoza indawo yokuphumula engajulile.

Izindlebe zalezi zilwane zincanyana futhi zihlukile ekuhambeni.

Umuzwa othuthukisiwe wephunga, ukuzwa okujulile nokubuka okuhle kwamehlo kuvumela izimvu zasendle ukuba zingavumeli umuntu ukuba asondele ngaphezu kwama-300 m. Lapho usubonile usongo, i-mouflon iyakwazi ukugxuma izithiyo aze afike ku-2 m ukuphakama.

Lezi zilwane azikubekezeleli ukweqisa kwezinga lokushisa.

Emakhaya, ama-mouflons avame ukuhanjiswa ngezimvu ezejwayelekile. Ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwenhlobo, enye yezinhlobo ze-merino iye yathuthukiswa.

Izinhlobo nezindawo zokuhlala

Kuyisiko ukwahlukanisa ama-subtypes amabili aphambili ama-mouflons - i-European and Asia, nayo i-Troal. Uhlobo lwase-Europe luhlala ezindaweni ezigudla ugu zaseMedithera. Lesi silwane sitholakala eCyprus, eSardinia, eCorsica, e-Armenia, e-Iraq, eCrimea (kuyiqiniso ukuthi wabonakala lapho ngemuva kokubeletha).

Isilwane sakwazi ukukhululeka kalula esimweni sezulu seCrimea. EPheninsula, uhlala ezindaweni zemvelo. Lona kuphela kwezinhlobo zezimvu zezintaba ezihlala izilwane zasendle eYurophu. I-mouflon yase-Asia inkulu kakhulu. Kunomunye umehluko ovelelayo - izimpondo zishintshiwe emuva, hhayi eceleni.

Kukholelwa ukuthi indawo yemvelo yama-mouflon iyingxenye eseningizimu ye-Asia. Izinhlobo zase-Asia zingabonakala endle eTajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan naseTurkey.

Kwesinye isikhathi i-Arkal ihlala eKazakhstan. Uhlobo lwe-Ustyurt luphuphuma ama-steppes hhayi i-Ustyurt uqobo, kodwa futhi neMangyshlak. Ukubuyela kwifomu leCypriot, kufanele kuthiwe lezi yizilwane zomzimba oqinile. Ukuphakama kwe-mouflon enjalo kungafinyelela ku-0,65 m. Izimpondo zayo zinkulu futhi inesigaba esingunxantathu.

ECypriot mouflon, izintokazi azinazo izimpondo. Ebusika, ijazi liwugqinsi futhi linombala onsundu obuthuntu. Umehluko obonakalayo indawo elula yokumpunga lapho ibuna. Umphimbo umbozwe nge-mane emnyama. Ezinyangeni zasehlobo, izinwele ziyaqaqamba (ikakhulukazi kusukela phansi).

Azikho ezinye izilwane ezinobukhulu obufanayo eCyprus. Ezikhathini zangezikhathi zakudala, lesi silwane sasihlala phansi emaphethelweni. Manje ihlala kuphela ezintabeni, ngokunembile, emigodini emibili. Esikhathini esedlule, iCypriot mouflon yayizingelwa ngamakati nezinja. Ngekota yokugcina yekhulu le-19, inani lezimvu zasendle lase linciphile.

Kepha ukuzingela kwabo kwaqhubeka ngenkuthalo, ngoba:

• emahlathini eTroodos nasePaphos, inani lezilwane lalilikhulu,
• inyama yayinokunambitheka okukhangayo
• yayingekho imithetho yokuzingela okwamanje.

Eminyakeni engama-50 elandelayo, inkinga yaya kuphela. Inani labantu balesi siqhingi lakhula, kwaqashwa izindawo zokuhlala kanye nezimayini, kwakhiwa imigwaqo ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki ngaphambili, nezikhali zokuzingela zathuthukiswa. Ngaphambi nje kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, inani lama-mouflons lehle laze lafika ezingeni elibucayi - kwasala abangaphansi kwama-20 kubo. Ukuguqulwa okuphuthumayo nje kwehlathi lasePaphos kube yindawo yokulondolozwa kwasiza ukugwema inhlekelele.

Iningi lezihlahla ezikule ndawo zingaphansi kwe-oki e-undergreen. Manje kucatshangwa ukuthi ama-mouflons ayi-100-200 ahlala lapho. Isilwane sesibe njengokomfanekiso we-kangaroo, ibhere, i-kiwi. Kungabonakala emabhukwini, ezitembu zokuposa, isifanekisweni sezindiza sendawo.

Kepha endle, inqama cishe ayinakuyiqonda, ngoba inamahloni futhi iyaqaphela.

Kwanele ukusika igatsha, ukuphonsa itshe, ukuphefumula phezulu noma ukwenza ukunyakaza okubukhali - i-mouflon izonyamalala ngokushesha. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zaseYurophu, inguqulo yaseCypriot incane futhi ayihlali ezintabeni ezivulekile, kodwa ihlathini kuphela.

Ngokusho kwe-paleontologists, ama-mouflons ayehlala eCyprus ngesikhathi seNeolithic. Imithombo yamaGrikhi neyamaRoma ivame ukusho ukuzingela kwalezi zilwane. Akunakwenzeka ukuthola inani labo eliqondile, ngoba amahlathi endawo aminyene, futhi inqama ihlangana nendawo ezungezile.

I-mouflon yase-Armenia yehlukile ku-mozle ejwayelekile yentshebe yase-Asia. Ingaphandle lezinhlobo zase-Asia imi kanje:

• ukuphakama - kuze kufike ku-0.95 m,
• ubude - kufika ku-1.5 m,
• isisindo somzimba singama-50-80 kg,
• isonta izimpondo zangemuva ezinobubanzi obufika ku-0,3 m.

Ukuziphatha

Isikhathi sokuzala siba ngo-Okthoba, Novemba noDisemba. Okwamanje, kwakhiwa imihlambi yama-mouflons ayi-10-20. Yize izilwane zithathwa njengezingathobeki, nokho ziletha ukuphazamiseka okuningi kubalimi. Uhulumeni waseCypriot, ngokwesibonelo, uphoqelelwa ukuthi akhokhe isinxephezelo esikhulu ngomonakalo owenzelwa insimu.

U-Asia mouflon ufuduka, wakhe imizila yakhe ngendlela yokuthi kube nethuba lokuya ezindaweni zokuphuza kanye namadlelo kaningi.

Inqama ihlala ezingxenyeni ezintekenteke zezintaba. Akakwazi ukuhamba ngokuzethemba ezindaweni ezinamadwala lapho kutholakala khona izimbuzi zasendle. Ama-Mouflons asebenza ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Ntambama, bayalala, ngoba bake bathola indawo ebekelwe eceleni kwentaba noma phakathi kwehlathi. Lama-artiodactyls akha imihlambi esekelwe esigabeni esiqinile.

Ingozi enkulu kwi-mouflon yile:

Ukufuduka kukaMouflon kunqunywa yisimo samadlelo kanye nemizimba yamanzi. Ehlobo, babuthana ezintabeni, eduze kwamaphoyinti omgodi wokunisela. Njengoba ubusika busondela, baya ezintabeni. Ngenkathi efudumele bayazulazula, beza lapho utshani bungakomile. Lapho-ke izinqama zihlangana eduze kwamachibi angasebenzi.

Esikhathini esishisayo, ama-mouflons aphumula emthunzini. Ukuze ihlale ikulo, izilwane ziyahamba kancane kancane. Kwesinye isikhathi baphephela emthunzini wesihlahla esisodwa izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu. Ukudla edlelweni elilodwa kuthatha izinsuku ezi-5.

Uma udlulela phambili, umhlambi ulokhu usiya endaweni yokugcina (ikakhulukazi ebusuku), kuthi ntambama ubuyela endaweni yawo yokuqala.

Ukudla kwezilwane zasendle

Zonke izinqama zidla kuphela izitshalo zokudla. Ingxenye yayo eyinhloko ngamakhambi ahlukahlukene namabele. IMouflon idla ngokuzimela emasimini. Ezitshalweni eziluhlaza okotshani, ukhetha utshani bukakolweni, utshani bezimpaphe notshani. Kepha futhi ngeke zenqabe ama-mosses, amakhowe, amajikijolo kanye nama-lichens. Ebusika, izilwane zimba eqhweni ukuze zibambe izimpande namajikijolo.

Ama-Artiodactyls adla amagatsha amancane ezihlahla kanye nezihlahla, kwesinye isikhathi aqhekeze amahlamvu adle amaqabunga. Amabhuleki angafakwa ekudleni. Isilwane sidinga amanzi njalo. UMouflon uyakwazi ukuphuza ngisho namanzi anokuqukethwe usawoti okuphezulu.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Abesifazane baseMouflon bavuthwa ngokugcwele ngeminyaka engu-2 ubudala. Ayikho enye i-artiodactyl ekhula ngokushesha okungaka. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa siyizinyanga ezi-5.

Kusukela ngosuku lokuqala emva kokuzalwa, iwundlu selivele lilandela umhlambi. Ngokwesilinganiso, baphila iminyaka eyishumi nengxenye. Izinhlobo zase-Asia zande kakhulu ezakhiwe e-zoo kune "European".

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, umuntu angaphila iminyaka eyi-17. Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa, izilwane ziziphatha gadalala futhi zenza umsindo omningi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, ngocwaningo lwezinto eziphilayo, ikhaya lokwezinhlobo zezilwane yiSahara, futhi abantu abasondelene nokhokho babo ngekhodi lofuzo bahlala eCorsica naseSardinia. Ukuzala kabusha ekudingisweni akubeki zinkinga. Ukuphela kwesimo ukulungiselela ngokuphelele.

Ukutshala kwama-mouflons ekudingisweni kuhloselwe kakhulu ukukhiqiza ama-nzalo ngezimvu ezejwayelekile, kuyilapho kungenzeka ukwandisa izimfanelo zawo zomnotho eziwusizo. Izizukulwane zesizukulwane esinama-hybrid zisebenza ngokuphelele futhi zikhula kahle. Bazokwazi ukuthuthukisa ukungatheleleki kwezifo eziningi. I-aviary ekahle iqukethe:

• indawo yokufuya izinkomo,
• indawo ehlanganisiwe yokuphakelayo
• hay feeder
• izikhotha
• amachibi noma abaphuzayo abenzi bokuthile,
• ukukhosela esimweni sezulu esibi.

Kuyadingeka ukubeka i-aviary emhlabathini owomile we-stony. Ungalokothi usebenzise ucingo oluvinjelwe. Izindlu zingaqukatha kokubukwa kwe-Asia, iCypriot, neCorsican. Ubuningi bokuhlushwa kwezilwane buphakeme impela. Lokhu kwehlisa izindleko zokuzalela, kepha kwehlisa inani lokuzala.

Isibalo esijwayelekile sabantu abadala abayi-15 bangu-1. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izindlela zanamuhla emadlelweni amakhulu. Kubalulekile futhi ukucabanga ngezici zemsoco zemvelo. Kuhle uma umnotho usungula ukunikezwa kwezilimo ezizimele, okuvame ukufakwa ekudleni.

Amadlelo amahle kakhulu yilawo anezindawo eziphakeme zotshani kusuka ku-0.05 kuya ku-0.07 m.

Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo:

• inhlabathi idaliwe,
• ukuqoqwa kwezinto zokulandela umkhondo kusunguliwe,
• vimbela ukusakazwa kokhula,
• umhlaba ubulala amagciwane.

Ebusika, ama-mouflons adinga ukondliwa nge-hay, ingxube esekwe okusanhlamvu nemifino, ukudla kwezimvu. Ukuhlukaniswa lapho kusungulwa ipulazi noma lapho kuthuthwa abantu abasha kuthatha okungenani izinsuku ezingama-30. Sonke lesi sikhathi udinga ukulawula okuqinile kwezilwane. I-aviary itholakala ezindaweni ezibucayi, lapho kufanele kube khona indawo emithambekeni. Kungcono uma embozwe ngezihlahlana, ngoba lapho isilwane sizwa sengathi sisendlebeni.

Indlela yokuphila

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, imihlambi ngayinye yalawa ma-artiodactyls, angena kubantu abayikhulu, iyimiphakathi yabesifazane abadala enamawundlu amancane namaduna amancane azelwe. Abesilisa abavuthiwe abajoyina kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala, nesikhathi sonke abaphila ngaso ngokwehlukana. Ezindaweni abahlala kuzo, izimvu zasendle zihlala impilo yokuhlala, zinamathela ezindaweni ezingapheliyo zamadlelo, ukunisela nokuphumula. Lapho uwela, izilwane zisebenzisa izindlela ezifanayo - izindlela ezigxotshwe kahle.

Ukufuduka kwesizini akuvamile ukubonwa kuzo: kuphela ngeminyaka eyomile lapho izilwane zifuduka zifuna inani elanele lokudla namanzi. Ukuhamba kuya emaphethelweni aphezulu wezintaba ezinezimbambo zazo ezinomhlolozo kuyabonakala ehlobo.

Izimvu zasendle zisebenza kakhulu kusihlwa: ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga, ziyaphuma ziye ezimangalini, imvamisa kude nezindawo zokukhosela zasemini, futhi zidle ubusuku bonke ngamakhefu amafushane okuphumula. Ekuntweleni kokusa, babhekisa ezindaweni zabo zokukhosela emifantwini yamatshe noma emthunzini wezihlahla ezisakazekayo zezihlahla, lapho bahlela khona indawo yokuhlala njalo - kunalokho imigodi ejule (cishe amamitha ayi-1,5) ne-pasi evalwe kahle ukuze kufakwe ukushisa.

Iningi emhlanjini ngabesifazane nabancane

Zidlani lezi zilwane?

Izinqama zasendle ziyasimakhambi. Ngokuya ngesizini, imithombo yazo ebalulekile yokudla iyahluka.

• Ukudla kwehlobo kwentwasahlobo-ehlobo kwezimvu zezintaba kwakhiwa ngama-forbs, isimo sendawo ethile, amahlumela amancane ezihlahlana, amahlamvu ezihlahla.
• Ekwindla, "imenyu" isekelwa ngama-acorns, amakhowe, amajikijolo, ukuwa kwezithelo.
• Ukusuka ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa, lawa ma-artiodactyls awazivumelwanga ukuba ziwadle, ngakho-ke ebusika ayaluka phakathi nesikhathi semini futhi anikeze lokho okungafinyeleleka: amahlumela ezihlahla ze-coniferous, i-moss, i-lichens, utshani obomile.

Bayakwazi ukwanelisa isidingo sokuphuza ngisho nangamanzi anosawoti kakhulu uma kungekho manzi amasha.

Izici zokuziphatha kwabo

Izimvu zasezintabeni ziyizilwane eziqaphile, akulula ukusondela kuzo ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-300: umqondo owakhiwe kahle wephunga, ukuzwa, umbono uvumela izilwane ukuba zisabele ngokushesha ezingozini ezingaba khona. Bezwa usongo, benza imisindo enkulu, njengekhwela elibukhali.

Amandla okugijima ngokushesha, ukunqoba ukuphakama okufika kumamitha amabili, gxuma kusuka kumaphethelo wamamitha ayi-10 kuvumela izinqama zasendle ukugwema ukuhlaselwa yisitha. Ukugxuma okusheshayo kwesilwane kusebenza kakhulu: ikhanda liphonswa emuva, izingalo zangaphambili nezangemuva ziyavaleka, ukufika kokwenzeka emilenzeni esatshalaliswa kabanzi. Noma kwenzeka ingozi, amawundlu awacashe, kepha ancamela ukubaleka. Okuhlukile ngabesilisa, abalahlekelwa ukuqaphaza kwabo ngesikhathi sokuzala, ngenxa yokuthi bavame ukuba yisisulu somzingeli noma isilwane esidla inyama. Kodwa-ke, lezi zilwane zinelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi: zibalekela umuntu ozisukelayo, zingama ngokungazelele bese ziphenduka, kube sengathi zibonisa isasasa lokwenzekayo.

Isifo

Ezimweni ezinokudla okwanele nezindawo zokuhlala ezintofontofo, izimvu zasendle ziyamelana nezifo. Ngokuvamile, ukulimaza impilo yezilwane kanye nezimbangela zokufa kwazo ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-helminthic, ezihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningi:

• I-Fascioliasis ukuqubuka kwesibindi noma okungapheli kwesibindi, ama-ducts e-bile abangelwa ukutheleleka nge-trematode, i-fasciola (Fasciola hepatica) ejwayelekile, noma i-giosciola enkulu (Fasciola gigantica). Ukutheleleka ngamandla yizibungu kwenzeka ehlobo, ezindaweni zokunisela nasemadlelo akhiwe ezindaweni eziphansi, ezinamanzi. Ezilwane ezigulayo kukhona ukuntuleka kokudla, ubuthakathaka nokunganaki. Ezimbuzini ezilengayo, ubisi luphenduka uketshezi, amawundlu ancelayo awondli kahle, ngokushesha ngemuva komhlambi. Uhlobo olubi lwe-fascioliasis luholela ekufeni ngokushesha nge-hepatitis, ngesifo esingalapheki, izilwane ekugcineni zibulawa ukukhathala.
• I-Moniesiosis ivame ukuthinta izilwane ezincane ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa nengxenye. Ummeleli we-tepi helminths iMoniezia expansa, ikhipha amandla emathunjini amancane, ibangela lesi sifo. I-intoxication ibambezela ukukhula kwesilwane, inciphise ukumelana kwayo nezinto ezilimazayo, yandisa ingozi yokutheleleka kwezifo zesibili nezifo. Ngokutheleleka okuthe xaxa, i-moniesia ingakha izingwegwe endaweni yendawo, okuholela ekuvinjelweni, ekuguqukeni nasekuqhekekeni kwamathumbu.
• I-ejenti ye-causative ye-echinococcosis, lezi izilwane ezivame ukutheleleka kuyo, ifomu le-bubble le-tape helminth Echinococcus granulosus. Ukuthuthuka kwezicubu zesibindi namaphaphu, i-echinococcus ngomshini uthinta izakhi zamaselula zezitho zomzimba, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni kwazo nasekuphazamisekeni kokusebenza: ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla, ukushesha komoya, ukukhwehlela. Umphumela wokuhlaselwa okubanzi kwe-echinococcal ukufa kwesilwane.

Ngokwezinga elincane, izimvu zezintaba zisengozini yezifo ezithathelwanayo. Kulezi, ingozi ezilwaneni imelelwa kakhulu yi-bradzot - ukudakwa kakhulu komzimba nge-gram-positive anaerobic bacillus Clostridium septicum, okuholela ekufeni.

Ukungagcwaliseki kahle (akulungile) kwezinto ezingamakhondo ezithandekayo, lapho zithatha ukwakheka okumile, kusontekile noma kugoba phezulu, kuholela ekuguqukeni kwe-pathological ekuhlanganeni kwamalunga. Izimbangela zalesi simo zivame kakhulu ukuba yizimvu zasendle ezihlala ezindaweni ezinomhlabathi othambile futhi omanzi, kanye nezifo ezingama-endocrine. Abantu abaneziphambeko ezifanayo balahlekelwa ukuhamba kwabo futhi bafa yindlala noma baba izisulu ezilula zezinyamazane.

Ukuzala

Izimvu zasendle zifinyelela ekukhuleni eneminyaka yobudala eyodwa nengxenye. Kodwa-ke, uma abesifazane bekwazi ukufaka umquba ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, abesilisa bangena emshadweni hhayi ngaphambi kweminyaka emithathu noma emine.

Isikhathi sokuzala sithatha kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuDisemba. Ngalesi sikhathi, izintokazi zihlukaniswe zaba zincane - abantu abangu-10-15 - imihlambi, lapho kukhona abesilisa abadala abancintisana nabantu abadala. Befuna ukuthandwa ngabakhethiweyo, bahlela imiqhudelwano yangempela: njengoba babehlakazeke ebangeni elikhulu impela (kufika kumamitha angama-20), “abafanele” basondela ngokushesha futhi bashaye ngamandla izisekelo zezimpondo. Amacala amanxeba abulalayo nokulimala okubangelwa ukulwa awaziwa, kepha umzabalazo umude, kuze kuphele ngokuphelele izimbangi zethu.

Ukudingiswa kwabanqobi ekugcineni kwezimpi akwenzeki, futhi abesilisa abanamandla amancane bangabamba iqhaza ekwambuleni izintokazi, ngaphandle kwalawo amakhulu. Ngemuva kokuzalela, lezi zilwane azakhi izinyunyana (isithembu): ngemuva kokuphothula ukuthunywa kwazo, izinsikazi zishiya umhlambi, zihlale zodwa futhi azihlanganyeli ekugcinweni kwenzalo.

Ukukhulelwa kwezinsikazi kuhlala izinyanga ezinhlanu. Ukuzala ngamazimba kuvame ukwenzeka ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Imvu iletha iwundlu elilodwa noma amabili: izinsana ezintathu noma ezine kudoti olulodwa ziyatholakala. Ngemuva kwamahora amabili kuzelwe, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ziyakwazi ukuma ngezinyawo zilandele onina. Amaviki amane okuqala, amawundlu adla kuphela ubisi lukamama, futhi ekugcineni lapho eseqinisiwe, atshintshela edlelweni.

Njengomthetho, lezi zingane zizalwa ngo-1-2, kuyaqabukela lapho ziningi

Isilinganiso sokuphila

Emvelweni yabo yemvelo, baphila ngokwesilinganiso esingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-8. Le nkathi inwetshwa ibe yiminyaka eyi-10-15 lapho kungekho khona izitha - ama-lynxes, izimpisi ze-steppe, ama-wolverines, kanye nalapho zigcinwa e-zoos, emapulazini okuzingela, ezindaweni zemvelo, lapho kudalwa khona izilimo ezilungele izilwane. Kunezimo lapho, lapho zizaliselwa ekudingisweni, ngamathuba okuthola ukunakekelwa kwezilwane futhi kuqinisekiswe ukunakekelwa okufanele, izimvu zezintaba ezisindayo ziya kufinyelela eminyakeni eyi-19.

Isidingo seAviaries

Lapho kuklanywa ukufakwa, ukufakwa kwesisekelo okusetshenziswayo kwempilo yezilwane kufanele kubhekwe:

• ukondleka,
• ukuntuleka kwezici zokucindezela (ukusondela kwezilwane ezidla ezinye, izimo zezulu ezingezinhle),
• amandla okunyakaza
• ukuba khona kweqembu lezinhlobo ezifanele,
• amathemba wokuzala kabusha kwemfuyo.

Ingqalasizinda yezindiza isethwe icubungula ukubukeka komhlaba, umhlaba, ubukhona bamadlelo futhi kufanele ifake izinto eziyisisekelo ezilandelayo:

• izindawo ezikhethekile zokondla izilwane nokwenza imicimbi yezilwane,
• amapulatifomu wokuphakelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi
• hay abondli
• izinqa zikasawoti,
• amadamu noma izinhlaka zokuqinisekisa ukulethwa kwamanzi okungaphazamiseki,
• izindawo zokukhosela zesimo sezulu.

Umhlabathi okwakhelwe kuwo izingqimba ze-mouflon kufanele womile futhi unamadwala.

Lapho ufaka uthango, ukusetshenziswa kocingo oluvinjelwe akwamukeleki.

Ama-mouflons e-Corsican nawo angagcinwa ekhaya

Ukuzala

Ukuxineka okuphezulu kokugcina kwalezi zilwane ezindaweni ezivalekile kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko ezibonakalayo zabaninipulazi futhi ngasikhathi sinye kuthinta kabi izinga lokuzala. Ukuze kube yimpumelelo ukuzalanisa ama-mouflons, isilinganiso somthamo ophakeme wabantu bakhona ngabantu abadala abangu-15 ngehektha elilodwa lendawo yezindiza. Kulokhu, iqembu lokuzalela kufanele libe nezinsikazi ezintathu ezinganikeza inzalo, kuthi owesilisa oyedwa, alungele ukuzala.

Lapho ufuya izimvu zasendle ekudingisweni, kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zanamuhla zokufuya imfuyo. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake imininingwane yokudla kwezilwane endaweni yemvelo futhi unakekele izitshalo ezikhulayo ezakha isisekelo sokudla okuphambili.

Ochwepheshe be-Avary batusa amadlelo e-mouflon ezindaweni lapho ukuphakama okuphakathi kotshani kungamamitha angama-7-7 (ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwesikhathi sokukhishwa kwabesifazane, lapho isidingo sokondliwa sincishisiwe, le nkomba ivunyelwe ukuncipha). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka njalo, njalo entwasahlobo, ukukala inhlabathi yedlelo main, uyihlaziye ngobukhona bezinto ezilandelwayo, futhi uvikele ukusatshalaliswa kwenqwaba yokhula oludlulisela izifo ezibangelwa yisinambuzane. Ekudleni kwasebusika kwalezi zilwane kufaka phakathi i-hay, okusanhlamvu nokuxubha imifino, okuphakelayo kwezimvu.

Isikhala esihlelwe kahle sendawo ebiyelwe, ukufakwa kwezindlela eziyisisekelo zokugcina nokondla ukondliwa, izindlela zokuvimbela nezokwelapha ezifika ngesikhathi zokwandisa ukusebenza kwazo zikhulisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokwenza inzuzo kokuzalela izimvu zasendle emapulazini.

Ngekhulu lamashumi amabili, izimvu zezintaba zaba yinto esetshenziselwa ukuzingela njalo, futhi amanani abo aqala ukwehla kakhulu. Kepha baba nesifiso sokugcina izinhlobo zezilwane ngesikhathi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, indawo ababehlala kuyo yavikelwa, kwaqalwa nezinqolobane zemvelo.

Manje amapulazi amaningi azama ukuwajwayela indlela yokuphila yempilo. Ngokuyisisekelo, lezi yizilwane ezizalwe zizithunjwa ezivumelaniswa nokuhlala ekhaya. Ukuzikhulisa ngeke kube nzima kumlimi onolwazi, futhi inani lala ma-artiodactyls lizokwanda kuphela.