Isilwane esihle, esithambile esilingana nobukhulu bonyamazane abade: ubude bomzimba 100-130 cm, ukuphakama kwamahlombe 80-100 cm, isisindo 35-60 kg.

Emadodeni, amafushane, aze afike ku-30 ​​cm, izimpondo eziwugqinsi ezigxunyekwe ngemfoloko; kwabesifazane, izimpondo zincane kakhulu (cm 5-7) futhi azifani. Izimpondo ze-pronghorn, kanye nezimpondo zama-bovid (izinkunzi, izimbuzi, izithambiso), yizindonga zamathambo ezimbozwe ngesembozo sophondo. Kodwa-ke, ama-pronghorns ukuphela kwezilwane okulengiswa ngazo izimpondo ngonyaka futhi zikhule emuva. Ukushintshwa kwezimpondo kwenzeka ngemuva kwenkathi yokuzalanisa futhi kuthatha izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezine.

Umbala we-pronghorn ubolile - onsundu ngenhla futhi ukhanya ngezansi, onendawo emhlophe yomqala emqaleni kanye "nesibuko" esimhlophe. Abesilisa banentambo emnyama yomsamo umphimbo kanye “nesifi” esimnyama. Izinwele ezisele ziwugqinsi futhi ziba kancane, ngenxa yentamo zakha i-mane. Izindlala ezinamakha (infraorbital, caudal, njll) zithuthukiswa kakhulu kuma-pronghorns.

Izici ze-Anatomy

AmaPronghorn ahlelaniswe kahle nokuhamba okusheshayo ngenxa ye-trachea eminyene, amaphaphu aqinile futhi nenhliziyo enkulu, okushesha idonsa igazi elinothile oksijini emzimbeni wonke. I-pronghorn yowesilisa inenhliziyo ephindwe kabili kunenqama enesisindo esifanayo nenqama. Amaphilisi we-cartilaginous emilenzeni yangaphambili avumela i-pronghorn ukuthi ihambisane kalula nomhlaba onamatye uqobo.

I-Pronghorn

Ngenxa yokushesha nokubonakala kwawo kalula, lesi silwane esinamazipho esihle sasibizwa ngokuthi “isipoki sendawo”

IPronghorn (yesiLatini: i-Antilocapra americana) iyinto ekhanyayo, indala kunabo bonke abangabumbuli baseNyakatho Melika. Yiyona kuphela ummeleli wanamuhla womndeni uPronghorn (Antilocapridae), okuyiPliocene nePleistocene enezinhlobo okungenani ezingama-70.

I-Pronghorn Behaeve Nutrition

Ebusika, amaPronghorn ahlangana abe yizinkomo ezinkulu, ezinabamele bobabili ubulili. Ngalesi sikhathi, bathuthela ezindaweni ezicebile kakhulu ngokudla. Lapho befika endaweni entsha, imihlambi iyaphambana. Abesilisa abasebasha bazakhela amaqembu abo, futhi abesifazane bahlangana ngamaqembu ahlukile.

Abesilisa abavuthiwe, abangaphezulu kweminyaka emi-3, bathola izindawo zabo, abesifazane eza kuzo ngesikhathi sokuzala. Kwesinye isikhathi izinsikazi ziya kusuka kowesilisa kuya kwesinye, ukuze ziziphathe amasonto ama-2. Ngeziqalo zokuqala, ama-pronghorns abuye aqoqane ngemihlambi ehlanganisiwe, futhi entwasahlobo kuzalwa isizukulwane esisha.

Ukudla kuqukethe izitshalo herbaceous. AmaPronghorn angadla izitshalo ezinobuthi emfuyweni. Lezi zilwane zithola umswakama ikakhulukazi ekudleni, kepha ngasikhathi sinye zama ukungayi kude nemizimba yamanzi. Zigwema izindawo eziyomile.

AmaPronghorn ahlala emihlanjini.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Ama-Pronghorn ayizilwane ezinesithembu, isikhathi sazo sokuzala siqala engxenyeni yokuqala kaSepthemba futhi sithatha amasonto ama-2. Abesilisa bayalwa bodwa. Abaphumelele bathola ama-harems nabesifazane abangu-4-12.

Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabesifazane sithatha izinyanga ezingama-7-8. I-50% yabo izala amawele. Ingane ngayinye inesisindo esingamakhilogremu amathathu. Amathole anombala okhanyayo. Emavikini lamatsatfu, emacandza acasha kutjani, bese acala kugijima akhule masinyane. Ngezinyanga ezintathu ubudala, icishe ifinyelele kosayizi abadala. Ukuthomba kwenzeka ezinyangeni eziyi-15-16. Lezi zilwane zihlala endle ngokwesilinganiso kusuka eminyakeni eyi-8 kuye kweyi-10, kepha abanye abantu bafika eminyakeni eyi-15.

AmaPronghorn aphila iminyaka eyi-10.

Inombolo

Ngo-1920, inani le-pronghorn lalinamakhanda ayizinkulungwane eziyi-13, futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 leli nani selivele ladlula uphawu lwesigidi. Namuhla, inani labantu liqukethe abantu abacishe babe yisigidi. Lokhu kukhuphuka kwamanani kufinyelelwe ngenxa yemithetho eqinile.

Ukudutshulwa noma ukudotshwa kwalezi zilwane kudinga imvume ekhethekile. Lo mthetho usebenza kuzo zonke izifundazwe zase Ntshonalanga Melika. Izitha ezinkulu zemvelo ze-pronghorn endle ama-lynxes, izimpisi kanye nama-coyotes.

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Indlela Yokuphila Nempilo

Ekwindla nasebusika, ama-Pronghorns aqoqana ngamakhulu ezinkomo kunomholi ekhanda lawo. Imihlambi ifuduka ngokuya ngokutholakala kokuphakelwa namanzi. Abesilisa asebekhulile bavame ukuzimela bodwa. Ehlobo, abesilisa nabesilisa abangashadile bahlala emaqenjini amancane angama-nomadic, abesilisa abangaphezulu kweminyaka emi-3 bahlala ezindaweni ezisukela ku-0.23 kuya ku-4,34 km 2 yendawo ebavikela kwabanye abesilisa.
Uhlelo lwe-alamu oluhehayo kanye nesixwayiso emhlambini wama-pronghorns. Lapho isilwane esingumqaphi siqaphela ingozi, sicekela phansi izinwele “zesibuko” saso esimhlophe, esiba njenge-chrysanthemum enkulu. Ezinye izilwane zisiphinda ngokushesha lesi siginali, zibonakala ngamehlo enqunu isikhathi esingaphezu kwamakhilomitha amane, futhi ukukhathazeka kumboza wonke umhlambi.

Iqembu lama-pronghorns livame ukuholwa ngowesifazane, kanti owesilisa ungowokugcina ukugcina ngemuva. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sihlukanise abesilisa nabesifazane kusuka kude.

AmaGrasslands, kufaka phakathi okunobuthi, amahlumela amasha ezihlahlana kanye ne-cacti, adla ukudla njenge-pronghorn. Baphuza okuncane, lapho kungekho khona imithombo amasonto bangagcwala umswakama oqukethwe ezitshalweni. Lesi sici sivumela i-pronghorn ukuthi ingene ezindaweni eziwugwadule nogwadule. Gcoba ubusuku nemini.

IPronghorn iyisilwane sesibili emhlabeni esigijimayo, okwesibili kuphela kubhungane. Ingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-67 km / h, ngenkathi igxuma ubude be-3.5-6 m. Isirekhodi esisheshayo - 88,5 km / h. Noma kunjalo, lesi silwane singamelana nejubane elinjalo lingadluli ku-5-6 km. Ijubane elijwayelekile le-pronghorn li-48 km / h.

Isimo Sabantu Nokuvikelwa

Emuva ngekhulu le-XIX. IPronghorn ihlangane emihlambini emikhulu futhi yakhishelwa ngenkani inyama nesikhumba, kepha kwathi ngonyaka we-1908 abantu bayo abanezigidi eziningi bancishiswa baba ngamakhanda angama-20,000. Ngenxa yokuvikelwa nokuvinjezelwa kokuzingela, imfuyo yabuyiselwa kubantu abayizigidi ezingama-2-3. Izisulu eziyinhloko yizimpisi, ama-coyotes kanye nama-lynxes abomvu. Isikhathi sokuphila se-pronghorn emvelweni yiminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwengama-7, kuyaqabukela iminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kwayi-12.

Ukubhaliswa okungu-2 (A. a. peninsularis futhi A. a. sonoriensis) zibhalwe kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN.

Umsoco

AmaGrasslands, kufaka phakathi okunobuthi, amahlumela amasha ezihlahlana kanye ne-cacti, adla ukudla njenge-pronghorn. Baphuza okuncane, lapho kungekho khona imithombo amasonto bangagcwala umswakama oqukethwe ezitshalweni.

Lesi sici sivumela i-pronghorn ukuthi ingene ezindaweni eziwugwadule nogwadule. Gcoba ubusuku nemini.

Imodi yokuqeqesha itholakala kuphela kubasebenzisi abagunyaziwe.

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Ukwenza Ngezwi kuyatholakala kumodi yokuqeqesha.

Ividiyo iyatholakala ngemodi yokuqeqesha

IPronghorn isilwane esidala kunazo zonke esinenselo eNyakatho Melika. Ungowomndeni wakwaVilorogov. Kwakukhona izinhlobo eziningi zePronghorn, manje sekusele eyodwa kuphela.

IPronghorn ihlala emaqeleni eNyakatho Melika isuka eningizimu nentshonalanga yeCanada iye enyakatho neMexico.

I-pronghorn yathola igama laso kusuka ezimpondweni eziqinile nezibukhali ezibukeka njengemfoloko.

IPronghorn iphonsa izimpondo zayo njalo ngonyaka futhi ikhule ezintsha.

I-Pronghorn isilwane esihle futhi sihle. Amehlo akhe asezinhlangothini futhi ubona konke okukuzungezile.
I-pronghorn inombala omuhle obomvu nomhlophe. Entanyeni yakhe kukhona umucu obunjengomgexo wentambo.

IPronghorn inenhliziyo enkulu eqinile. Ishayela ngokushesha igazi emzimbeni, futhi lokhu kunikeza i-pronghorn amandla amaningi. Ngakho-ke, i-pronghorn igijima ngokushesha.

Ama-pronghorn yi-herbivores. Badla noma imiphi imifino, ngisho enobuthi. Ama-Pronghorn athola uketshezi otshanini, ngakho-ke kungenzeka angaphuzi amaviki. Kepha badla njalo.

Ekwindla nasebusika, ama-Pronghorn aqoqana emihlambini. Umholi ubeka umlindi ozoqapha uma kunesitha eduzane. Lapho umlindi ebona ingozi, ukhuculula izinwele zensikazi yakhe emhlophe. Ezinye izilwane ziphinda ziphawule lolu phawu, futhi ukukhathazeka kumboza wonke umhlambi.

Ngenxa yenyama, izimpondo nezikhumba, abantu isikhathi eside baqothula ama-pronghorns. Ngenxa yalokhu, yizinkulungwane ezimbalwa kuphela ezasala emhlabeni ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Manje ama-pronghorns abhalwe ku-Red Book, ayaqashwa.

Ngesikhathi sokuzala, abesilisa bavame ukuhlela ukulwa nowesifazane. Ukuze benze lokhu, basebenzisa izimpondo zabo ezibukhali.

Ezinsikazi zingu-1-2 izingane zizalwa kanye ngonyaka. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-8. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa azisizi, zicasha otshanini. Kepha ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5, izingane zijoyina umhlambi, kuthi ezinyangeni ezi-3 zishintshele ekunakekeleni utshani. IPronghorn inesikhathi sokuphila esibalelwa eminyakeni eyi-7.