Ama-corals anesikimu sombala esiyingqayizivele kunazo zonke, esikhanya kahle emathunjini olwandle.
Sekukonke, kunezinkulungwane ezingaphezu kwezi-6 zabantu abanjalo abangaphansi kwamanzi emhlabeni, futhi lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezicebile zamathumbu.
Ama-corals akhethe ngokwanele
Ngakho-ke, ekukhuleni kwabo badinga izimo ezigcwele: usawoti owanele wamanzi, ukucaca, ukufudumala nokudla okuningi. Kungakho amadwala amakhorali ehlala emanzini olwandle lwePacific nolwandle i-Atlantic.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi olwandle, insimu yezixhobo zamakhorali ingamamitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingama-27. km
IGreat Barrier Reef ibhekwa njengenye yezidalwa ezinkulu zalokhu kukhula ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ibekwe kanjalo ngase-Australia.
Izindawo zokulondolozwa kwamalahlwa cishe ziyabonga ngokungenakuqhathaniswa nezixhobo zamakhorali
Ezinye izindawo ezinezixhobo ezinjengalezi zinkulu kakhulu kangangokuba zingabizwa kufanele ngokuthi iziqhingi zamakhorali.
Iziqhingi zamakhorali zinokuphila kwazo kanye nezimila. Lapha ungathola ngisho nezihlahlana ze-cacti nezinde.
Abantu bendawo basebenzisa ama-corals ekwenzeni ubucwebe.
Kuvela imikhiqizo emuhle kakhulu futhi i-rainbow yesikhathi sehlobo.
Ama-corals asetshenziswa futhi njengesixhobo sokwakha, indawo yensimbi yokucolisisa nemithi yokukhiqiza.
Uma umuntu onakele mayelana nomgoqo wamakhorali, khona-ke isikhumba sizophulukiswa isikhathi eside kakhulu. Esikhundleni senxeba, kungavela ngisho ukucubungula, noma ngabe amakhorali anobuthi noma cha.
Ama-corals ubucwebe
Manje mayelana nokuthi ubucwebe busebenzisa kanjani amakhorali: idizayini yemvelo ethokozisayo ilawula indlela yamakhosi ekusebenziseni kwayo ubucwebe. Iqiniso ngukuthi amahlumela aphulwe ezigodini zemvelo ayinkimbinkimbi futhi ebukekayo kangangokuba kwesinye isikhathi awadingi kubuyekezwa okungathi sína. Kwanele ukuphenya amakhorali futhi kumboze nge-varnish evikelayo ukuthola imikhiqizo yobuhle obukhexisayo. Inzuzo eyinhloko yezesekeli ezinjalo ihlukile, ngoba imvelo ayiphindwa kubungcweti obenziwe nguye.
Uma kusetshenziswa izingcezwana ezincane zamakhorali, ngokuya ngesakhiwo sobucwebecwebe, izingcweti zigcina imvelo yazo engafanele noma zinamathisele:
- eyindilinga
- okusaqanda
- i-cabochon (eyindilinga, ebunjiwe noma ebhoxiwe okusaqanda ngobuso obucwathile)
- ubuhlalu obuqoshwe
- ukusika (izingcezu ezisikiwe kusuka kwisethi yokucushwa kweshubhu).
I-Torre del Greco yaziwa njenge-World Coral Processing Center. Kuleli dolobhana eliseduze naseNaples kunamafemu amaningi namabhizinisi ezobuciko agxile ekwakheni ubucwebe kanye ne-bijouterie.
Ukuhlobisa okwenziwe ngamakhorali abomvu nezinhlobonhlobo zepinki kunesidingo esikhethekile. Imikhiqizo engabalulekile evela ezinhlotsheni ezimhlophe zamaminerali.
Amakhorali abomvu abizayo athengiswa ngokwesiko cishe kuwo wonke amazwe esifundeni saseMedithera. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezitolo eziyisikhumbuzo nasezitolo zobucwebe akunikeli ubucwebe nje kuphela, kepha futhi nezingcezu eziyizintambo zezinto ezibonakalayo noma amahlumela amahle. Kuliqiniso, ukuthengwa okunje akuiseluleki ngaso sonke isikhathi: amakhorali awanakususwa eThailand naseGibhithe - lokhu kwenqatshelwe ngumthetho futhi kujeziswa inhlawulo enkulu (cishe ngama- $ 1,000).
I-Coral Symbolism
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana namakhorali angalethwa yizincomo ezivela ochwepheshe kumasiko ahlukahlukene kanye nemikhuba, ababhula ngezinkanyezi, ama-esotericists, kanye nabamele eminye imithi.
Ubucwebe obenziwe ngamakhorali, izikhumbuzo, izesekeli zangaphakathi ziyizipho ezifanelekile zeminyaka engama-35 yomshado, ngoba usuku olunjalo lubhekwa njengomshado wamakhorali. Isibonakaliso sisobala: njengoba nje itshe lamakhorali lakha isikhathi eside, linikeza ubuhle obuyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke umbhangqwana amashumi eminyaka kancane kancane wakhe ubudlelwano obungenakulinganiswa.
Izazi zezinkanyezi zincoma ubucwebe bamakhorali cishe kuzo zonke izinkomba ze-zodiac, kodwa ikakhulukazi kubamele abamele into yamanzi - i-Pisces, Cancers, Scorpios. Ubucwebe obunjalo abunqweneleki kuphela kuma-Maidens namaLions. Kodwa-ke, akenqatshelwe ukugqoka izesekeli zamakhorali uma ungakwenzi nsuku zonke. Into esemqoka ukuthi umniniyo ayithande ubucwebe yayijabulisa.
Amasiko abantu abahlukahlukene athi amakhono amangalisayo kumakhorali:
- Vikela izihambi ezinkingeni (i-Europe),
- nikeza ukuhlakanipha (i-Europe), vikela ezilingweni nasemademoni (eMpumalanga),
- ukunikeza ingcebo nokuzala (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan),
- phatha ukuphathwa ikhanda (Portugal), umkhuhlane (Mexico), i-tonsillitis (i-England).
Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ubuhlalu be-coral busiza ukuvikela umphimbo kanye nezintambo zezwi, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi zigqokwe ngabahlabeleli, abaculi, abafundisi nabafundisi.
Asinawo amaqiniso aqinisekisiwe wokuphulukiswa ngamakhorali noma ukuphindaphinda ukuhlakanipha nengcebo ngosizo lwabo, kodwa lokho ubuhle bemikhiqizo evela kulesi sipho sasolwandle kuthuthukisa imizwa, kunika abesifazane ukuzithemba kukhethelo lwabo - ngokungangabazeki.
Ama-coral ayizilwane noma izitshalo.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amakhorali abukeka njengamatshe, futhi izici zawo eziningi ziyafana nezitshalo, kodwa ahlobana ngokuphelele nomhlaba wezilwane. Lokho kungukuthi, empeleni, lezi yizilwane, noma ngokunembile, ama-invertebrates asolwandle asolwandle ohlobo lokubhinca okokufakwa - impahla yamathambo ekholoni lama-coral polyps.
Lezi zidalwa eziphilayo zihlala emanzini afudumele, ukujula kwendawo kuyahlukahluka, kepha akudluli kumamitha angama-20. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinga lokushisa lamanzi elinethezekile akufanele libe ngaphansi kwama-21 ° C. Emanzini abandayo, ama-polyp awaveli nje.
Amakorali adlani?
Bahlala ndawonye nge-algae - zooxanthellae unicellular. Lapho ulwelwe lufa, polyp iba mhlophe, futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana nayo iyafa. Umphumela onjalo ubizwa ngokuthi “ukuxuba kwamakhorali” emphakathini wesayensi.
Iqiniso lokuthi i-polyp ithanda "ukuzibandakanya" okunjalo nje akumangazi, ngoba i-algae ibanikeza ukudla. Kepha eqinisweni, ama-polyps angadla ngezindlela ezihlukile: ukusebenzisa i-plankton noma ngenxa ye-photosynthesis, eyenziwa yilezi zinto ezihlabayo.
Kuyiqiniso leli elichaza ukuthi kungani izilwane zingaphili kolwandle, ngoba, njengoba wazi, akukho ukukhanya kwelanga. Okungukuthi, ubukhona bayo bunikeza i-photosynthesis, ngenxa yokuthi ama-polyps athola izakhi zomzimba.
Amakhorali azalela kanjani?
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezihlahla kwenzeka ngokuhluma noma ngokobulili, ngoba ama-polyps ahlukene. Isidoda singena emgodini wesifazane ngomlomo, sishiya izindonga nomgudu wesisu. Iqanda elivundile likhula kuyi-mesoglysis ye-septum. Ngemuva kwalokho, kwakhiwa imibungu engafani nalutho - uhlelo. Ahlala phansi aze anikeze impilo amakoloni amasha.
Ukufa kwamakhorali
Akumangazi, kepha amakhorali afa ngenxa yamagciwane. Ngokwenhlolovo, kwavezwa ukuthi umshini we-trigger wabonwa kuma-polyps, oqala inqubo "yokufa" kwabo. Ziyafa ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto ezi-organic emanzini, kanye naku-sediment. Kuyacaca ukuthi into enjalo “umsebenzi” wamagciwane.
Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Lapho okuqukethwe okukhulu kwezinto eziphilayo kuqalile ukuqongelela emanzini, lokhu "kukhanga" amagciwane ahlukahlukene. Ngokwemvelo, ukukhula kwabo kuyanda, futhi isibalo siyanda. Lokhu kuholela ekushoneni komoya-mpilo kanye noshintsho lwe-pH. Le nto imane ibulala ama-polyps.
Ama-coral amadala kunawo wonke emhlabeni
IYakutia iyiphabhulikhi yaseRussia lapho kwatholakala khona amakhorali amadala kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe besimanje, kutholakale ukuthi iminyaka yezinhlamvu iyiminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-480.
Futhi eceleni kogu lwesiQhingi saseHawaii kwatholakala amakhorali, okuphakama kwawo kungamamitha ayi-1. Itholakala ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-400. Ososayensi baseMelika benza ucwaningo olukhethekile bathola ukuthi iminyaka yalemapopile yiminyaka engama-4200. Emhlabeni, luhlobo lodwa lwesihlahla sikaphayini esingaziqhayisa ngokuphila isikhathi eside.
Amanye amaphuzu athakazelisayo
- Kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingama-6000 zama-coral polyps esewonke, futhi zingama-25 kuphela ezisetshenziswa ubucwebe,
- kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-3 cm - angakanani amakhorali akhula ngonyaka!
- Ukushiswa ama-coral akuyona ngempela - kuyizinhlobo ezihlukile ezinobungozi kubantu ngenxa yobuthi bezinto zaso ezisabekayo,
- amadwala amahle kakhulu nama-atoll asongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu,
- ngasogwini lwase-Australia yiyona ndlela ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ubude bayo bungama-2500 km!
- uma ubheka ngaphakathi kwamakhorali, ubona kukhona izindandatho ezingafani - zonyaka, njengasezihlahleni,
- izinhlanzi eziningi kanye nezilwane zasolwandle zithanda izinkuni ngesikhathi sokuhlwaywa, kuyasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwe-caviar ezilwaneni ezahlukumezanayo,
- Izihlahla ezinhlobonhlobo ziwuhlobo lwesihlungi sesitshalo, ngoba izidalwa ezintantayo ezingcolisa isicupho samanzi zizungeze zona.
Izici Zamakhorali
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana namakhorali ukuthi yize ama-corals abukeka njengokuthile okungaphili futhi enezici ezivamile ngezitshalo, awawona awezimbali. Eqinisweni, amakhorali yizilwane. Bangaphansi kwesigaba sama-invertebrates asolwandle, okungukuthi, angama-polyps. Uma ephukile, kancane kancane ayadalulwa, bese kamuva awa. Lapho into ephilayo ifa, inqubo yokubola yemvelo yenzeka, kanye nephunga. Kamuva, i-polyp ibhujiswa ngokuphelele.
Ama-corals angabonakala emabhange afudumele emanzini asogwini. Cishe emhlabeni wonke. Izixhobo zamakhorali kuyindawo yezakhamizi zasolwandle ezahlukahlukene - izinhlanzi, igobolondo, njll.
Ama-corals avela kwiplanethi yethu izigidi zeminyaka edlule. Isikhathi sokuphila siyizinkulungwane zeminyaka. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana namakhorali ukuthi kunezidwala zamakhorali akhumbula izinto eziphilayo ezafa kumakhulu eminyaka adlule.
Impilo, amakhorali adinga ukukhanya nokushisa okuthile. Kusebangeni lama-25-30 degrees. Lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphuka noma kuvela ukukhanya okukhulu kakhulu, amakhorali aphuzi futhi afe. Ukusindisa lesi simo kungashintsha ukuhamba kwamanzi. Amazinga aphansi amukelekile angama-21 degrees. Ama-polyp awahlali emanzini abandayo kakhulu. Kunoma yikuphi, iningi lezinhlobonhlobo.
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha zamakhorali emvelweni. Amaningana awo asetshenziswa ekwenzeni ubucwebe.
Ama-corals ayahluka ngombala. Sekukonke, kunezihlahla zama-polyps ezingaba ngu-350 emhlabeni. Kuya ngobukhona bokungcola kwe-organic emanzini.
Ngonyaka, amakhorali akhula ngamamilimitha ayi-10-30.
Ngokwemininingwane etholakalayo, namuhla indawo ephelele yamakhorali olwandle idlula amakhilomitha skwele ayizigidi ezingama-27. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kwesigamu sezihlahla seziseduze kokuqothulwa. Isizathu esikhulu umuntu. Imisebenzi yayo yezomnotho neminye iholela ekuwohlokeni kwezimo zokuphila kwamakhorali.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana namakhorali ukuthi amakhorali azalela ngezindlela zokuqala kakhulu. Ezinye zezinhlobonhlobo yi-hermaphrodites. Kunezinhlobo futhi ezikhiqiza amakoloni abobulili obufanayo. Uhlobo lwesithathu luyaphindaphindwa, luphonsa inani elikhulu lesidoda neqanda emanzini. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuvundiswa kwenzeka ngqo emanzini. Inqubo yathola igama elifanele - i-spawning.
Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezine zezinhlanzi zihlala ezigodini zamakhorali. Abanye babo abagcinanga ukukhetha amakhorali njengekhaya labo nendawo yokuhlala kubo, kepha basebenzisela nokudla. Ngasikhathi sinye, amakhorali ayizinto zokwakhiwa kwezigodi.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana namakhorali ukuthi ingqikithi yemvelo yamakhorali inezinto eziphilayo nezitshalo ezingaphezu kwesigidi.
Izinsika ziyisithiyo semvelo sendawo yolwandle. Zivikela ugu kusuka kumaza we-cyclonic, futhi zivimbe nendlela yabasakazi nezinye izidalwa eziyingozi.
Ama-corals adlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezohwebo kwezokuvakasha. Futhi lokhu akuphathelene nobucwebe obuvela ezintweni eziphilayo. Amakhorali aheha abahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke. Ukuze enze inzuzo, osomabhizinisi bahlinzeka ngemishini yokudonsa, izinsizakalo zokubuka esikebheni okusobala nezinsizakalo zokudoba, izindawo zokuvakasha, njll.
Imvamisa, amakhorali angatholakala oLwandle iPacific nolwaseNdiya, oBomvu nolweCaribbean, kanye nePersian Gulf. Basemazweni angaphezu kwekhulu. Womabili amakhorali athambile futhi anzima atholakala olwandle olujulile. Izihlahla ezinkulu zakha kuphela izinhlobo zezitshalo ezishisayo nezihlala ezindaweni eziphansi.
Okuhle kakhulu
Ama-coral amadala kunawo wonke atholwe ososayensi, aneminyaka engaphezu kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezine.
Ukujula okukhulu kakhulu lapho ungahlangana khona namakhorali ngamakhilomitha ayi-8. Yinhlobo eyodwa kuphela eyakwazi ukuhlala ekujuleni okunje - yi-etipates.
Ikorale elikhulu kunawo wonke linokuphakama kwamasentimitha ayi-100. Itholakala ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-400.
Ukufika okukhulu kakhulu yiGrand Barrier Reef. Ubude bawo bungamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-2,5. Isihlabathi asikude nezwekazi lase-Australia. I-atoll ifaka cishe izinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu zomuntu ngamunye. Elesibili ngobukhulu yiBelize Reef.
Amanye amaphuzu athakazelisayo mayelana namakhorali
Ama-coral ashisayo - hhayi ngempela i-polyp. Lolu luhlobo oluhluke ngokuphelele lwento ephilayo. Inezicucu eziqukethe into enobuthi. Kuyingozi ebantwini.
Ngokwesimo, i-polyp inezindandatho, njengasezihlahleni. Bakhuluma ngeminyaka yesidalwa esiphilayo.
Ama-corals asetshenziswa kaningi ekufundweni kwezinkanyezi. Izichitho zenziwa kubo. Ukunisela kusindisa abagibeli ezingozini, ukuvikela emandleni amnyama nasekulingweni, kunikeza ukuhlakanipha nenhlala-kahle yezezimali, kudambisa ikhanda, njll. Kodwa-ke, lesi akusona isizathu sokuchitha amadwala.
Ekhuluma ngokusongelwa kokuqothulwa kwamakhorali, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isizathu akuyona nje ukungcoliswa kwezilwandle. Izihlahla ziyanyamalala ngenxa yokwanda kwezinhlanzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani le-algae landa, okuthi ngobuningi bawo kulimaze amakhorali. Bayabadida, baphazamisa ukuzala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhorali ahlala emvelweni ndawonye ne-zooxanthellae yama-unicellular. Lolu uhlobo lwe-algae olungalimazi ama-polyps. Uma i-zooxanthellae ifa, amakhorali nawo alahlwa futhi afe. Lolu hlobo lwe-algae lunikeza ama-polyps ngokudla okunempilo.
Ukudlondlobala kwabavakashi nakho kunomthelela ekuqothulweni kwamakhorali. Abahambi balimaza izinto eziphilayo. Baphinde babhujiswa ngamahange omkhumbi, indle, njll.
Ukubulala ama-polyps kungama-microorganisms. Inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo emanzini lisiza ukuheha amagciwane. Inani labo likhula ngokushesha. Ama-corals awakho i-oxygen, ukwakheka kwezinguquko zamanzi. Njengomphumela, uqala indlela yokuzicekela phansi kwama-polyps.
Ama-corals angalimaza. Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, inani lezifo lenyuke kakhulu. Balahlekelwa ngumbala bese bafa, okuholela ekunyamalalisweni kwezixhobo emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Ibhalansi ephazamisekile emvelweni.
Amakhorali anamakheji akhethekile enzelwe ukuvikela
Babizwa ngokuthi ukugwaza futhi badedele ubuthi ngaleso sikhathi sengozi.
AmaNdiya ayenenkolelo yokuthi abesilisa kuphela okufanele bagqoke amakhorali abomvu, futhi abesifazane kuphela kufanele babe mhlophe. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi yile mibala eyayiyindlela ethile yokufanekisa bobunye nobunye ubulili, futhi esimweni esithi "amasokisi angalunganga" ngamunye wabo athole izimfanelo zomuntu ophambene. Ukuthi lokhu kuyiqiniso kangakanani akwaziwa.
Namuhla, bambalwa abesilisa abagqoka imikhiqizo yamakhorali. Yebo, abesifazane bazivumela noma yisiphi isikimu sombala, kufaka phakathi obomvu. Ngokusobala, ngokunembile ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhululwa kuyachuma lapha.
Uzothola amanye amaqiniso ajabulisayo mayelana namakhorali ku-Intanethi.
Incazelo nokusatshalaliswa
Ama-corals anamasongo minyaka yonke abukeka njengokhuni. Amanye amagatsha amakhorali aneminyaka eyikhulu ubudala.
Ama-coral obuchopho ajwayelekile akhula ngokuyinhloko ezindaweni ezishisayo, lapho amanzi ehlala efudumele unyaka wonke. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sazo esiqinile, ama-coral obuchopho angaphila emifudlaneni yolwandle nakumaza anamandla. Ama-coral ama-Thinner plate angaphila kuphela ezindlini ezivulekile noma emanzini ajulile. Amakhanda amakhulu, alukhuni amakhorali ngokuvamile asebenza “njengesikhungo sokuhlanza” ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane nezinhlanzi. Bahlikihla kumakhorali, basusa isikhumba noma izidumbu ezifile.
Ukukhanya kwe-Ultraviolet kungalimaza amakhorali emanzini angajulile. Uma ukwehla kongqimba lwe-ozone yoMhlaba kuvikela imisebe eminingi ye-ultraviolet ukuba ifinyelele emhlabeni, amakhorali anganyamalala endaweni efana namanzi angajulile.
Izinsimbi zamakhorali zitholakale emanzini abandayo oLwandlekazi i-Atlantic eduze naseScotland.
Ama-corals eza ngezindlela eziningana: omiswe ngesihlahla, omise fan, njll.
Indawo yamakhorali enkulu kunazo zonke itholakala ogwini olusenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Australia. Ifinyelela ibanga elingama-2200 km.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali nezakhiwo
Ihlanganiswe ikakhulukazi i-calcium carbonate ngokungcola kwe-magnesium carbonate, kanye nenani elincane le-iron oxide. Iqukethe into eyi-1% yezinto eziphilayo. Ama-coral amnyama amaNdiya cishe akhiwa ngokuphelele ngezinto eziphilayo.
Ubuningi bamakhorali busuka ku-2.6 kuye ku-2.7, kanti ubunzima bawo bubalelwa ku-3.75 esikalini samaMohs. Amakhorali amnyama alula, ubuningi bawo bungu-1.32 - 1.35.
Ukusebenza
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezi-6,000 zamakhorali ezaziwayo; kuze kube ngama-color color shades angama-350 ahlukaniswa ngephalethi lawo. Umbala wamakhorali uncike ekwakhekeni nasenanini lezinto ezihlanganisiwe: hhayi kuphela i-pink, kodwa futhi, ama-corals abomvu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amhlophe namnyama.
Isigaxa esiqinile sezinhlobo ezithile zamakhorali sisetshenziswa njengezinto ezingavuthiwe zokukhiqiza ulamula, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zisetshenziselwa ukwenza ubucwebe. Esimweni sokugcina, omnyama ("owarar"), omhlophe nesiliva-pearl ("ingelosi yesikhumba") ubaluleke kakhulu, imibala ethandwa kakhulu ibomvu nokubomvu ("coral enhle"). Imvamisa, amakhorali amahle asetshenziselwa ubucwebe, obudwetshwe ngemibala ehlukahlukene ebomvana nebomvu. Futhi, ama-coral athola ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha kanye ne-cosmetology (i-coral peeling).
Amakhorali amnyama antshontshelwa eChina naseNdiya.
Njengoba kunjalo ngeparele, izindleko eziphakeme zamakhorali wemvelo ziholela enanini elikhulu lezimbumbulu.
Umthetho wamanye amazwe, ngokwesibonelo, iGibhithe neThailand, ukuthunyelwa kwamakhorali ngaphandle kwendawo yombuso akuvunyelwe. Kusukela ngoFebhuwari 2015, umzamo wokuthumela ama-coral ovela eGibhithe ujeziswa inhlawulo yama- $ 1,000.