I-White Amur ihlala emfuleni i-Amur kanye nemifula yawo eseduze, kanye nasezikhungwini zamanzi ezingxenyeni esentshonalanga yeChina. Izinhlanzi zingamalungu omndeni wama-cyprinid angenamanzi. Ihlukaniswa ngamandla ayo nobukhulu bawo.
Izinhlanzi ezindala zidla inani elikhulu lezimila ezikhula emizimbeni yamanzi. Esikhathini esifushane bangadla ulwelwe oluningi njengoba bezilinganisa. Kulokhu, abantu bavame ukusebenzisa i-carp yotshani njengezindlu zokuhlanza umsele, amadamu.
Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lamashumi amabili, kwethulwa emgodini wamazwe wamanje we-Eastern Europe, eyayigcwele inqwaba yama-algae. Inhlanzi ivumelaniswa kahle nezindawo ezintsha. Yize ingaqubuka lapha ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphansi. I-carp emhlophe yotshani iyaqaphela futhi ayibanjwa kalula ekudongeni. Ukondla kungasiza. Izinhlanzi zihlala kahle emachibini amancane futhi zingafinyelela osayizi abakhulu.
I-Cupid spawning
Abantu abavuthiwe engxenyeni yesibili yokuphila, imvamisa ngeminyaka engu-8. Ngalesi sikhathi, inhlanzi iqala ukuvela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izinga lokushisa lamanzi akufanele libande kakhulu futhi lifinyelele okungenani ama-degree angama-26, nendawo uqobo lwayo lokuphaphaza okugeleza isikhathi. Esimweni lapho izimo zokusabalalisa i-carp yotshani zingalungile, izinhlanzi zingagcina kahle i-caviar, ekugcineni evumayo.
Kuvele ukuthosi ekuqaleni kokudla kuma-bloodworms angama-invertebrate bese kamuva ushintshela ezimileni. Izinhlanzi ezindala zidla kuphela imifino, okuyilokho okusetshenziswa ngabadobi, izingcezu zezinsimbi zasolwandle noma ikhukhamba kulokho kubanjiswa. Udinga ukwazi ukuthi i-cupid icophelela kakhulu futhi inamahloni futhi isabela ngokuqinile emisindweni engaphezulu, intantayo kude nolwandle, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuyibamba. Isikhathi esifanelekile sokudoba yintwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ebusika, izinhlanzi zifihla emigodini engezansi kanye nesikole. Izinhlanzi zimbozwe umiyane ovikelayo, umboza umzimba futhi uzivimbele ekuqandeni.
I-Grass carp - inhlanzi ayiyona i-bony, emzimbeni wayo kunenani elincane lamathambo, ngenxa yokuthi ivame ukusetshenziswa lapho kulungiswa izitsha ezahlukahlukene. Ukuze zizalaniswe, izinhlanzi kuqala zibanjwa yi-fry, bese zilethwa echibini elivalekile, zisuthisa ngenkuthalo inani elikhulu lokudla. Ezimweni zokwenziwa futhi ngokunakekelwa okuhle, izinhlanzi zivuthwa ngokushesha okukhulu. I-Amur ayenziwa nje njengokudla, kodwa futhi nokuhlanza izindawo ezigcina izimboni ezifaka isandla ekupholiseni izitshalo zamandla ezishisayo.
Indawo yokuhlala kwe-carp carp
Izindawo ezihlala kuzo i-carp yotshani ikakhulu zisezihlanjeni ezinkulu zamanzi nemifula, ikakhulukazi kulezo zindawo lapho konke kunganakwa kakhulu yizimila. Kutholakala nezindawo zokugcina ezisetshenziselwa ubuchwepheshe.
Indawo yokuhlala yendawo eyisisekelo yoMfula i-Amur noMfula iXijiang eChina. Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi lungatholakala futhi emifuleni emikhulu yamanzi amaningi ahlanzekile eRussia - iDon, Volga, Yenisei nezinye. Ukuzalelwa kwezinhlanzi kwenziwa eKazakhstan, e-Ukraine, e-USA.
Indlela Yokuphila Yendebe
Indlela yokuphila ye-carp yotshani ikakhulukazi yisikhathi sasemini, njengawo wonke ama-cyprinid. Iqala ukudla ekuseni kakhulu futhi idlula ezindaweni ezikhethwe ngaphambilini emizileni ekhethiwe. Uthanda ukubhaka emanzini afudumele angajulile elangeni. Umsebenzi wezinhlanzi uncike ngokuphelele ekushiseni kwamanzi. Uma amanzi efudumele ngama-degree ayi-10, i-cupid empeleni iyayeka ukondla, futhi uma izinga lokushisa lihlehla, liwela ngokuphelele ku-stupor. Kwama-hibernates ebusika ikakhulukazi ezimbobo ezingezansi kanye nokuhlangana. Ngalesi sikhathi, umzimba wezinhlanzi umbozwe ngembobo yokufudumeza.
Ukudla kwe-Amour emhlophe
I-Cupid idla kuphela izitshalo zokudla, ikudonsa ngaphezu kwesisindo saso ngosuku. Ngenxa yalokhu kudla, ukukhula kwezinhlanzi kufika ku-10 cm ngonyaka. Abantu abavuthiwe bangadla ezitshalweni zasemhlabeni, njengotshani ngesikhathi sezikhukhula ezimfundeni ezikhukhula. Uma ufisa, izinkomishi ezinkulu zingagxuma ngisho emanzini, zidabula amaqabunga ezihlahla zilenga phezu kwamanzi.
Ngokuzalela i-Cupid okwenziwe ngamabomu, kufanele anakekele ukudla okungokwemvelo. Izinhlanzi azizondli kahle, noma zizidla kahle. Ngenxa yalokhu, emapulazini enkulisa yezinhlanzi, izitshalo ezikhula emhlabathini, ngokwesibonelo okusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene, i-clover, i-alfalfa, kunezelwa ekudleni kwe-carp yotshani. Lokhu kuyadingeka uma kungenazitshalo ezanele endaweni yezinhlanzi zesikole esikhulu sezinhlanzi. Utshani busika emasimini bese izinhlanzi ziphonswa echibini, njengenkomo yangempela yamanzi.
Izindlela zokubamba i-carp yotshani
Indlela enhle yokubamba i-carp yotshani kwenzeka entwasahlobo nasekwindla, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lifinyelela degrees 14 noma ngaphezulu. Uma ichibi ligcwele kakhulu i-algae, khona-ke ukubamba i-carp yotshani ngeke kube lula. Kungcono ukuqala ukudoba lapho izitshalo eziningi zingakakhuli noma seziqale ukubuna.
Ngezikhathi zemvula, izinhlanzi ziqala ukuzondla ngenkuthalo futhi zivame ukubonakala endaweni lapho kuvunguza khona umoya. Esimweni sezulu esishisayo esishisayo, kungcono ukuqala ukudoba ekuseni noma kusihlwa, kepha izinhlanzi ezincane zingasebenza usuku lonke.
Into esemqoka ukungakhohlwa ukuthi i-carp yotshani iyinhlanzi eqaphile kakhulu futhi ihlangana nemisindo emikhulu, ibuyela ngokushesha ekujuleni kwendawo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kufaneleka kangcono ukudoba ngokuthula nangokuthula.
Abadobi abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi lapho udoba ku-carp yotshani, kufanele usebenzise njalo ukugqoka okuphezulu. Lokhu kungabiliswa okusanhlamvu okubhakiwe noma okukheniwe, noma okuphakelwayo okukhethekile okuvela esitolo sokudoba.
Cishe noma iyiphi induku yokudoba ilungele ukudoba, noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-carp yotshani ingaba enkulu kakhulu futhi iphilayo, yingakho kufanele uhlanganyele egiya elinamandla. Izingwegwe zingasetshenziswa ukuqala ngenombolo yesithupha, kodwa okungcono ngaphezulu. Umugqa kufanele ukhethe ukhudlwana oqala ku-0.6mm.
Lapho unamathisela isiheyidi, khumbula ukuthi igwegwe alibonisi ngoba, uma kungenjalo kungavela ukuthi inhlanzi iyaluma futhi iyeke ukuza lapho isithiyo. Futhi, isiheho se-carp yotshani akufanele sibe phansi, ngoba i-carp yotshani ayondli kuyo. Ngokufanelekile, uma igwegwe liba okungenani ngu-10 cm ukusuka phansi.
Ukubamba i-carp yotshani yaphumelela kakhudlwana, ungasebenzisa amanye amaqhinga. Inyambo kufanele iphonswe kancane ukusuka lapho kuhlalwa khona inhlanzi futhi kancane kudlule kuyo. Ukuluma kwe-carp yotshani kunamandla impela, njengoba inhlanzi iza ngosayizi omkhulu. Lapho nje ukuntanta kugeleza ngaphansi kwamanzi, udinga ukuqala ukubizeka khona lapho. Kepha udinga ukwenza lokhu kancane, njengoba nokunyakaza okungazelelwe, umugqa wokudoba ungaqhuma noma uphule induku. Lapho udonsela phezulu ogwini, inhlanzi iqala ukuhlinzeka ngokumelana okusebenzayo futhi idonsele ibheke emhlangeni. Lesi simo kufanele sigwenywe, uma kungenjalo intambo yokudoba ingahle idideke, nenhlanzi izoshiya igwegwe. Kulokhu, kungcono ukusebenzisa inetha lapho inhlanzi isondela ogwini.
Izindondo ze-Cupid
Ngabe utshani buqhekeka umhluzi? Inhlanzi, njengomthetho, ihlangana kahle nethiyithi ethosiwe, ngoba inephunga elinamandla. Ungasebenzisa zombili izitolo zokuxuba nezo ezenziwe ngokuzimela. Njengoba izithako zokondla zingasebenzisa ummbila, i-oatmeal, amakhukhi asikiwe, ama-crackers, okusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene, i-bagasse, uju, ubisi oluhlanganisiwe.
Futhi, njengesihephe se-cupid, ungasebenzisa:
- amaqabunga amancane iklabishi, ulethisi, beet,
- amagatsha weparsley, dill, isipinashi,
- izingcezu zamakhukhamba
- uphizi, ibhali, ummbila, amazambane, ukolweni - konke kubilisiwe,
- izicucu zamakhukhamba, isiqu somhlanga, ukhula lwasolwandle,
- amaqabunga e-alder, umcamelo, ubhontshisi,
- imvuthuluka, inhlama,
- izingcezu zesikhonyane, izintethe,
- umhlaba noma isibungu,
- izimpethu, umhlonyane wegazi, izingcezu zesibindi senkukhu.
Inhlanzi iya kumabhothi enziwe nge-semolina noma grits yommbila kanye no-soya oxutshwe nembewu ye-sunflower eqoshiwe, iminti, i-dill ne-basil.
Izitsha ze-Cupid
I-Grass carp isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuphekeni. Inhlanzi inamathambo ambalwa, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kaningi emilanjeni ehlukahlukene.
Izitsha ezivela ku-carp yotshani zingapheka ziphelele noma ngesimo se-steaks. Lapho ubhaka inhlanzi, kungcono ukugoqa i-foil, okuzosiza ukugcina ijusi, kamuva nelingasetshenziswa njengesengezo ku-usoso noma i-grvy yesitsha.
Ungenza ama-meatballs amahle kakhulu nama-meatball kusuka inyama yenhlanzi. Kuyisinqumo esihle ukupheka i-carp enotshani, ilungele isidlo sakusihlwa. Kulabo abalandela lesi sibalo, ungapheka i-cupid fillet emhlophe ephekweni elihamba kancane, futhi elizokuvumela ukuthi ususe wonke amafutha esitsheni, uwenze ube nekhalori ephansi futhi ulusizo kakhulu.
Isibindi se-Amur ne-caviar asetshenziswa njengezengezo kuma-saladi ahlukahlukene nezitsha eziseceleni.
Ukupheka okumnandi kwe-Cupid akudingekile ukuba ngumpheki owaziwayo. Kwanele ukuba nazo kuphela zonke izinto zekhishini ezidingekayo kanye nesifiso.
Inhlanzi izoba inambitheka nganoma yiluphi uhlobo, kepha indlela ethandwa kakhulu yokulungiselela kwayo iyabhaka. Ngokubhaka, okokuqala, udinga ukukhetha isidumbu esikhulu, ngoba enkudlwana lezinhlanzi, amathambo amancane azoqukatha futhi kulula ukuwasusa kuwo. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukuyihlanza ukuze ukhiphe konke ukufakwa, kufaka nomgogodla. Konke lokhu kufanele kukhishwe ngesisu ukuze inhlanzi ingene emuva. Okulandelayo, sigeza isidumbu ngamanzi bese sisibeka ephepheni lokubhaka elinesisu phezulu. Lubricate yonke into ngemayonesi bese ufaka izinongo ukunambitha. Ungabeka nemifino ebunjiwe ngaphezulu ubhake kuhhavini isigamu sehora. Kungcono ukwandisa isikhathi sokupheka kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu. Ungabhaka nezinhlanzi ku-foil, ngaphambilini ezazigcotshwe ngamafutha ngelamula.
I-Live White Cupid
ICityid ibizwa ngenye indlela. Phakathi kwabadobi ungezwa amagama amaningi ahlekisayo, ngokwesibonelo, inkomo yamanzi, i-mower engaphansi kwamanzi kanye ne-carp edla otshanini. Lamagama asungulwa ngesizathu. Uma ucabanga ngakho, ngokushesha kuyacaca ukuthi indlela yokuphila yenhlanzi kanye nezinketho zayo zokunambitheka ibonakala ngokuphelele kuzo.
Ama-Cupid adla izitshalo zasolwandle nezasemanzini. Kungakho inyama yayo imnandi kakhulu futhi inempilo. I-Amur ayitholakali kuphela emachibini okufakelwa okwenziwe ngawo; esimweni semvelo, umuntu angahlangana nalo muntu ongowomndeni wama-cyprinids. Kwesinye isikhathi, i-carp yotshani iyalungiswa emachibini futhi inhloso ethile. Ubhekwa njengomhlengikazi wolondolozi futhi udla ngokushesha imifino ngokweqile, ngaleyo ndlela eqeda ichibi lelo elikhulu. I-carp emhlophe yotshani obukhoma bokulungisa ichibi lakho ingatholakala ekhasini - I-carp emhlophe yotshani obukhoma ngamanani.
Inhlanzi - i-carp yotshani
I-Amur ibhekwa njengenhlanzi ethengiswayo enenyama ebaluleke futhi emnandi. Umuntu akaphenduki futhi uvumelana nezimo ezintsha. Akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kanye nokudla okuhlukile, into esemqoka ukuthi kufanele kube nezitshalo eziningi echibini. Uma ungayondli inhlanzi, izodla i-algae kuphela futhi lokhu ngeke kuthinte ukukhula kwayo.
Namuhla, lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengoludumile kakhulu phakathi kwalabo abazalela izinhlanzi emachibini angasese. I-Cupid ikhula ngokushesha futhi iyakwazi ukusula indawo yokugcina izitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Uma kunotshani obuncane echibini, ungamane uphonse utshani phezulu. Usuku, umuntu omdala angadla amakhilogremu amathathu otshani noma we-algae.
IMpumalanga Ekude, okuyiMfula i-Amur, kubhekwa njengendawo okwakuzalelwa kuyo i-carp yotshani. Ososayensi bokuthi i-carp yangaphambili yayiyisidlakudla, kepha emzabalazweni wokudla nezinye izinhlanzi ezidliwayo ngokuvamile yayihlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla futhi yashintshela ngokuphelele ezitshalweni. Babembalwa ababezoncintisana kule ndawo, futhi izinhlanzi zazihlala zidla.
Izinhlanzi zisheshe zithole ulimi oluvamile nezinye izakhamizi ezihlanzayo zesilondolozi futhi zihlala nabo ngokuthula. Imvamisa, i-carp yotshani ididaniswa ne-carp emnyama noma yesi-chin. E-Russia, lolu hlobo selusondele kakhulu ekuqothulweni futhi lubhalwe ku-Red Book. E-China, uhlala emachibini okufakelwa.
Ukuthola i-carp yotshani kulula kakhulu. Kwezinye izinhlobo, kuyahluka ekwakhiweni komzimba. Lincane futhi lithambile ezinhlangothini zalo. Isikali sikhulu futhi ngasinye sakhiwe ngensimbi emnyama.
Amaphiko amafushane kepha amade. Amaphiko amabili (ngomhlane nangaseduzane nomsila) apendiwe ngemibala emnyama, bonke abanye badwetshwa ngemibala ekhanyayo. Okukhulu kunabo bonke umsila we-ta.
Inyama emhlophe ye-Amur inambitha futhi inempilo, inamafutha futhi igcwele. Ngaphezu kwenyama, izinhlanzi zinesibindi esinamafutha amaningi. Uma uqhathanisa i-carp yotshani obumnyama, khona-ke inyama yesibili ibi kakhulu, kodwa futhi inambitheka futhi kubhekwa njengokudla okumnandi. Izinhlanzi zithandwa kakhulu ngabadobi futhi minyaka yonke kuba nabathandi abaningi ngokwengeziwe abangazithengi inyama yale nhlanzi esitolo, kodwa bazibambe bebodwa. Kodwa, eRussia akunakwenzeka ukubamba i-cupid emnyama, kepha okumhlophe kutholakala kuwo wonke umuntu.
Incazelo ye-carp yotshani
Ukuqaphela i-carp yotshani kulula kakhulu. Ihluke kwezinye izinhlobo zama-cyprinid ngokubukeka kwayo okungajwayelekile:
- Umzimba omude onezinhlangothi ezicindezelwe kancane,
- Ikhanda elincane nebunzi kuxinwe ngaphakathi,
- Izindebe ezinkulu nezinyama
- Amaphiko amakhulu atholakala eduze kwama-gill,
- Amaphiko we-pectoral anemibala ngemivimbo engeke yesulwe,
- Ngemuva komuntu kupendwe ngombala we-ash grey. Kepha ungahlangana nabantu abathile okufana nomthunzi womnqumo omnyama,
- Kukhona iris yegolide emehlweni ami
- Isisu silula, sicishe saba mhlophe,
- Izinhlangothi zenziwe ngesiliva ngopende ophuzi,
- Isikali sikhulu futhi sihlangana ndawonye ngokuhlanzeka
- Imali yasemuva imfushane kakhulu.
I-Grass carp ingakhula ibe ngamasentimitha ayi-150 futhi ithole isisindo esifinyelela ku-50 kilos. Kepha, abantu abanjalo abavamile. Ngokuyisisekelo, akhula afinyelela kumakhilo angama-7-8.
Lapho amachibi akhula kangcono
Ngokwokubona kwethu, endaweni yethu "umucu ophakathi nendawo" we-carp yotshani ukhula ngokushesha, kepha kuphela emizimbeni yamanzi agelezayo, eqinisweni ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, noma yiziphi izinhlanzi ezithengiswayo ezikhula ngokufanele.
Ngokwesibonelo Ngikhula ngesikebhe echibini lami futhi unezela ngaphezu kwe-1 kg ngonyaka ngesisindo
Ukujula kwesichibi akukuthinti ukukhula kwezinhlanzi. sikhula kuzo zombili ukujula kanye nemitha eli-1 ukujula.
Ukusuka ku-300-500 amagremu, ikomityi ikhula ibe amakhilogremu ayi-2 we "monster" omhlophe
Ngamahektha amakhulu angaphezu kwama-40 "okumi" futhi anendawo eyanele yokudla, "mama ungakhathazeki" nawo uyakhula
Ezindongeni ezincane, ngokwesibonelo, ihektha elingu-1 elinamanzi asamisiwe selivele likhulu, libi kakhulu, futhi uma ngabe kukhona "abaqhudelani" abaningi lapho, "lingasukuma" ekukhuleni iminyaka eminingi.
I-taxonomy ne-Etymology
UC Cupid wachazwa okokuqala ngonyaka ka-1844 ngudokotela wezilwane waseFrance, u-ichthyologist nesayensi yokulimala kwemvelo u-Ashil Valenciennes (fr. Achille Valenciennes (1794-1865) ngevolumu ye-17 "Umlando mvelo des poissons»Ngaphansi kwe-latin binomen Leuciscus idella. Ngo-1866, isazi sezilwane sase-Austria uFranz Steindahner sakhomba uhlobo oluhlukile Ctenopharyngodonlapho kwafakwa khona lo mbono.
Igama elijwayelekile lesiLatini lisuselwa esiGrekini. ΧΧέέέα - isiqu, isiGrikhi. I-Φάρυγγα - i-pharynx ne-Greek. I-ẟόνalingι izinyo, elibonisa ubukhona bamazinyo we-pharyngeal ahlelwe ngendlela yokwakheka. Igama lezinhlobo, ngokusobala, livela kuma-Greek ama-idios - isimilo, akhethekile.
Ukuzala
Okokuqala ngqa ukuvuthwa eneminyaka engu-11 kuya kwengu-11 ubudala, kuya ngesifunda. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zohlu, zivuthwa kamuva kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ezishisayo. Abesilisa bavame ukuvuthwa ngonyaka owodwa ngaphambi kwabesifazane. Ebhodini lase-Amur, izintokazi zivuthwa ngokocansi ubude bomzimba obungu-68-75 cm nobunzima obungu-6-7 kg ubudala uma zineminyaka engu-9 ukuya kweli-10. Eningizimu yeChina, ukuvuthwa kubonwa eneminyaka engu-3-5 yobudala nesisindo somzimba esingu-4-6 kg. Ukuvuthwa kokuqala kubonwa eNdiya naseCuba.
Esikhathini sokukhula, i-Cupid emhlophe ibonakalisa i-dimorphism yezocansi. Emadodeni, kuqhamuke okubizwa ngelearl rash ngesimo samathumbu esivela epithelium le-keratinized kuma-dorsal and finsoral fins. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba khona amashubhu ku-lobe engenhla ye-caudal fin. Kwabesifazane, amashubhu afanayo kwesinye isikhathi nawo avela isikhashana, kepha abonakaliswa buthaka. I-anus iyajuluka futhi iphenduke ipinki.
Emifuleni yeChina, kuqhakaza entwasahlobo nasehlobo kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti kube nesilinganiso esiphakeme sikaMeyi ngoJuni ekushiseni kwe-17-27 ° С (kaningi ku-20- 24 ° С). E-Amur, ukusatshalaliswa kwabonwa ngoJuni - Julayi.Zivele zikhuphuke ziqonde ku-100 km nangaphezulu ngesikhathi sezikhukhula. I-Caviar enobubanzi obungu-2-2,5 mm ikhukhuleka ikholamu yamanzi emahoreni kusihlwa nasekuseni ngezikhathi zokukhuphuka kwezinga lamanzi. Ngenxa ye-hydration, isikhala se-perivitelline siyanda, futhi ububanzi bamaqanda bukhuphukela ku-5-6 mm. Ukuzala kuncike eminyakeni yobudala nobukhulu bezinsikazi futhi kuyahlukahluka kusuka emaqanda angama-237 ezinkulungwane kubantu besifazane abaneminyaka engu-7 ubudala nama-67,5 cm ubude kuya kumaqanda angama-1687 ayinkulungwane kubantu abaneminyaka yobudala engama-15 cm angama-96. Kumifudlana enenqubo ethambile kancane icwila phansi. Emanzini ageleza ngokushesha, amaqanda athuthelwa phansi. Isikhathi sokukhula kombungu sincike ekushiseni kwamanzi futhi ku-22-26 ° C izinsuku eziyi-1.5-2. Ezinsukwini eziyi-8 ngemuva kokuqokwa, i-yolk sac imunca ngokuphelele, bese kuthi isibungu sishintshele ekunakekeleni ukudla okuvela ngaphandle.
Ukubhebhetheka
Indawo yemvelo ye-carp yotshani yi-East Asia. Sisatshalaliswa maphakathi nasezindaweni eziphansi zoMfula i-Amur, emifuleni ephansi yeChina nasenyakatho yeVietnam. Izindawo ezinkulukazi ezisakazwayo zitholakala e-Ussuri, eSungari, eLake Khanka, nasemifuleni ephansi yeChina. KwiVolga (emaphethelweni aphansi), eDon (enkabeni nasendaweni ephansi), esiqwini seDnieper-Bug.
Ukusebenzisana kwabantu
Ukubanjwa komhlaba emhlabeni kwe-carp yotshani ezindaweni zokugcina zemvelo kuncane kakhulu futhi kufinyelela kumathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-16 ngonyaka we-2000. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukubanjwa kweRussian Federation akuzange kudlule kumathani ayi-100. Ukudoba kuqhutshwa ngogu lolwandle, inetha elibushelelezi nelingaguquki.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-carp yotshani ithatha isikhundla esiphambili emanzini asemanzini amnandi. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, i-carp yayizelwe eChina. Ngekhulu lesi-7, umbuso wabakwaTang wabusa (iminyaka eyi-618-904. BC. E.). Igama lombusi ngomsindo lihambisana nokubizwa kwamaShayina kwe-carp. Futhi umbusi wakuvimbela ukuzalaniswa nokuthengiswa kwe-carp ezweni lonke. Abalimi baseChina kwadingeka babheke ukuthi kungene enye indawo ye-carp. Kwakhethwa i-carp emhlophe nebomnyama, kwakhiwa i-carp emhlophe nebala, ngoba ezindaweni ezingaphansi kweYangtze nePearl River izingane zalezi zinhlobo zezinhlanzi kwakuyisitokhwe esisheshayo sokutshala. Amanani wokukhula abe mancane ngenxa yokuncika ekubanjweni kwezingane ezivela ezindaweni zemvelo. Kusekhulwini lama-20 kuphela lapho kwaqalwa khona i-biotechnology ukuze kugcinwe i-broodstock kanye nesizukulwane senzalo ezimweni zokufakelwa. I-Amur yethulwa emazweni angama-50 e-Asia, Europe, Africa, North kanye naseNingizimu Melika ukulima izinhlanzi nokulawulwa ngokweqile kwezidumbu zamanzi. Kusukela ngawo-1950s, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kokutshala kokutshala i-carp yotshani sekuqalile. Ngo-1950, ukukhiqizwa komhlaba okwenziwe ngohlobo lwe-carp otshalwe emapulazini kwaba ngamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi kuphela, ngo-1972 kwafinyelela kumathani ayi-100 000, kwathi ngo-1990 kwaba ngaphezulu kwamathani ayisigidi. Ngo-2016, sekutshalwe amathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyisithupha. I-Grass carp isithathe indawo eholayo emanzini asemanzini angenasawoti. Umholi kwezokulima i-carp yotshani yiChina.
Unyaka | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 |
Ukukhiqizwa kwezidalo zasolwandle, izinkulungwane zamathani | 3798 | 4184 | 4362 | 4660 | 5018 | 5228 | 5539 | 5839 | 6068 |
Ngeminyaka yo-1960, i-carp yotshani yaqashelwa engxenyeni yaseYurophu ye-USSR. Okwamanje, kuyinto etholakala ngokufuya izinhlanzi e-Ukraine, Russia, USA, Kazakhstan (Ili River, iLake Balkhash) kanye namazwe amaningi ase-Europe.
Ukuzalela i-carp yotshani nge-carp kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokulima kwezinhlanzi, ngoba azincintiseli ukudla.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Isithombe: Cupid
I-Amur (Ctenopharyngon idella) ingeyomndeni wakwaKarpov, i-oda leKarpovoobraznye, ikilasi le-Bone fish. Lolu hlobo luvela e-East Asia, lapho ukusatshalaliswa kwalo kuphakeme khona manje, kusukela eMfuleni i-Amur kuze kufike emngceleni oseningizimu neChina.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Isithombe: I-carp emhlophe yotshani
I-Grass carp iyinhlanzi enkulu impela, efinyelela kubude obuyi-1,2 m futhi inesisindo esingama-40 kg. Umzimba unesimo esidlulile futhi sivuvukili; ukuthopha okuthile kuyabonakala ezinhlangothini. Ikhanda liphansi, umlomo uqondile, unqenqemeni lwangaphambili lomlomo aluwelani ngaphezu komphetho ongaphambili wamehlo emugqeni othe mpo. Ibunzi libanzi kakhulu.
Amazinyo akhethekile - i-pharyngeal, ehlelwe ngemigqa emi-2, icindezelwa kamuva, unqenqemeni lwamazinyo ubukhali kakhulu, ungafaniswa ne-saw, enendawo engalingani yeserah. Isikali sikhulu, siminyene, futhi imicu emnyama ibekwe eceleni kwawo wonke umkhawulo. Esiswini, izikali zilula, ngaphandle komhlanga. Umhlane nesisu phakathi kwamaphiko kuyindilinga.
- i-dorsal fin inesimo esithile esiyindilinga, iqala kancane phambi kwamaphiko we-ventral, i-Fin iyinde kepha ayude, inemisebe eyi-7 ye-branching kanye ne-3 engeyona i-branching,
- amaphiko we-ventral awafiki ku-anus,
- I-anal fin inesimo esijikelezwe kancane, usayizi omncane, sinama-ry 8 ama-ry nama-3 angasebenzisi gatsha,
- i-caudal fin enkulu, i-notch ephakathi.
Yonke iminjunjwana ilula ngaphandle kwe-caudal ne-dorsal. Ngemuva kwe-carp yotshani kunombala oluhlaza okotshani ophuzi, izinhlangothi ziluhlaza golide, izikali ezingama-40- 47 zibekwe eceleni komugqa we-lateral. Ngaphezulu kwama-gill kukhona isembozo se-gill, lapho imichilo ihlukana khona nokhanya. Amagilebhisi anama-sparse nama-stamens amafushane. Amehlo ane-iris yegolide. I-White Amur inama-vertebrae angama-42-46 ne-peritoneum emnyama, ecishe ibe mnyama.
Indawo yokuhlala ye-Cupid
I-Grass carp ayizithobi futhi ingaphila kunoma yiziphi izimo. Namuhla, lolu hlobo lwama-cyprinid atholakala hhayi eMpumalanga Ekude kuphela, kodwa nasezindlini eziningi zokugcina zaseRussia, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yaseYurophu. Ukuphila hhayi kuphela emachibini naseziodini zamatshe okwenziwe. Ifuya ngenkuthalo emifuleni iDon, Volga, Ural neKuban.
I-Cupid ayesabi izinguquko zokushisa futhi ijwayelekile ekuhlinzekeni komoya ojwayelekile. Uzizwa kahle ngisho nasemanzini abandayo futhi angakwazi ukuzala. Kepha, kuyathandeka ukubeka umuntu owakhe emachibini afudumele, lapho ehlobo amanzi eshisa aze afike ku + 30-35 degrees. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, izinhlanzi zikhula ngokusebenzayo futhi zinganda.
I-Cupid iba namandla ehlobo. Uma ebusika inhlanzi ingakhuli, lapho ehlobo ingafinyelela ukukhula okuphezulu. Futhi uma umuntu eyondliwe kahle futhi zonke izimo ezidingekayo zakhiwe, khona-ke kuzoqala ukukhiqiza inzalo ngisho nasemachibini okufakelwa.
I-Grass carp idla uhlaza kuphela. Akanandaba ngokuphelele nokuthi uluhlobo luni lotshani abamudlayo. Noma izimila zomhlaba ziphonswa echibini, uzowudla ngentokozo.
Ihlala kuphela ezindaweni lapho kunama-algae amaningi. Abantu abasha bangondli kuphela ku-algae. Zingadla ama-cellworms kanye nama-crustaceans amancane, ama-mollusks. Kepha njengoba bekhula benqaba ukudla kwenyama futhi baba imifino ngokuphelele.
UC Cupid ungumhlengikazi wedamu. Akugcini ngokuhlanza ichibi kwizimila eziningi, kepha futhi kuvimbela omiyane ekuphindaphindeni. Ngakho-ke, eduze namachibi lapho kutholakala khona i-carp yotshani, akukhona.
Usuku lungadla amakhambi njengoba inesisindo. Ngenkathi eshisayo, ukudla kwayo kunganda ngoba inhlanzi zikhula ngenkuthalo. Lapho nje amazinga okushisa esehla futhi nesithwathwa sokuqala singena, i-carp yotshani iyayeka ukudla futhi ifihle.
Ungazalela i-carp yotshani nabanye abamele ama-cyprinid. Nabazingeli, uzozizwa engakhululekile. Futhi nezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu uzokwazi ukungakhululeki. Ungangeza izinhlanzi ezincane kuyo, ezingakhuli.
Okudingayo
I-Cupid ngaphansi kwezimo ezihle idla ngosuku ngaphezu kwesisindo. Isibonelo, inesisindo esingu-2 kg futhi idla ngaphezu kwe-2 kg yokudla okuhlukile echibini.
I-Grass carp iyamangaza, kepha idla izitshalo ngezinga elikhulu futhi enkudlwana lezinhlanzi, ukudla okwengeziwe kuyadingeka, hhayi kuphela imifino, kodwa futhi namaprotheni.
Imifino ibhekwa njengokudla okuyinhloko, ngoba i-cupid ibizwa nangokuthi "inhlanzi e-herbivorous" noma idume ngokuthi "ingulube yamanzi"
Ukuze kukhule kahle i-cupid, ukudla okunempilo okunamaphrotheni amaningi, okutholakala kwikholamu yamanzi nangaphansi kwedamu, kuyadingeka futhi. Ngaphandle kwayo, izokhula kakhulu "ngokuqinile".
Umsoco ohlukene ngeminyaka ehlukile
Isibonelo, esemncane aze afike ku-500 amagremu Idla ngezimila ezintekenteke nokushibilika kulwelwe, ematsheni, kwizibhaxu nangaphansi.
Iphinde idle i-algae ehlanzekile, okuthi lapho ukushisa konakalise isithombe sedamu, yona lapho amanzi eqala ukuqhakaza. Futhi ngama-amphipods ahlukile wokuphila, ama-bloodworms, njll.
Ukuvuthwa okungaphezulu kuka-500 amagremu ayidli nje kuphela ukudla okuthenda, kepha futhi iqala nokugedla kwamanzi okusongela, imihlanga nokudla izinhlanzi ezincane.
Kungani Cupid Ingakhuli
Izimo zokuboshwa, ukondla kudlala indima ebalulekile.
Uma i-reservoir incane, ivuza ngokuntuleka kokuhlinzekwa kokudla namanzi abandayo anekhwalithi engeyinhle, khona-ke izinhlanzi zangempela "ziyavuka" ekukhuleni.
Futhi ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlonza, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo, zingahle zingakhuli ngenxa yokuhlanekezelwa kofuzo emzimbeni, empeleni, njengazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezinokungaboni ngaso linye ngofuzo ekukhuleni.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi le ndatshana ibilusizo, kepha yini okungalungile!
KANYEbukela ama-athikili amaningi namavidiyo
Bangani! Ukuphawula kwakho nokuthandwayo kukhona okuthunyelwe okusha.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-carp emhlophe yotshani
IBelamur endaweni yayo yemvelo iyahamba ngokuya ngemvamisa yesikhathi sonyaka. Lapho kufudumele, kutholakala kuma-appendages emifula, futhi eduze nesikhathi sezulu esibandayo futhi phakathi nobusika kuhlala esiteshini somfula, lapho kungabuthana khona ezikoleni emigodini yaphansi komfula.
I-Grass carp iyi-stenophage, okungukuthi, isebenzisa uhla oluncane impela lokudla okunempilo - izitshalo eziningi zasemanzini, futhi futhi zingasebenzisa izitshalo zomhlaba ezikhula emithambekeni yemifula namachibi. Ukuze uthwebule isitshalo, sisebenzisa imihlathi, futhi ngosizo lwamazinyo we-pharyngeal, izicucu zezitshalo ziyafiphala. Ukukhula okuncane okungaphansi kwama-3 cm kusetshenziselwa ukondla ama-crustaceans amancane, ama-crustaceans nama-rotifers.
Ukuvuthwa ezindaweni ezihlukile kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezihlukile. Ngakho-ke, esimweni sayo sendabuko - umfula i-Amur River, ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ngeminyaka eyi-10. Emifuleni yaseChinese ngaphambili, kuye eminyakeni engu-8-9.
Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Abamele izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala emifuleni yeCuba bafika lapho sebefikisa kakhulu, beneminyaka eyi-1-2.
I-Caviar ikhishwe ihlukaniswe, ukusatshalaliswa kudluliswa isikhathi:
- emifuleni yaseChinese kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti,
- emgodini we-Amur phakathi kukaJuni noJulayi. Phakamisa futhi ukwanda ngasikhathi sinye.
I-celaar caviar, okungukuthi, isesimweni esintantayo kwikholamu yamanzi. Ezinsukwini ezi-3 ngemuva kokuqandusela amaqanda, ukuqanduselwa izibungu kusuka kubo, kubalulekile ukuthi izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingabi ngaphansi kuka-20 ° C. Fry kungekudala lushiya ugu, lapho lunazo zonke izimo ezidingekayo, kubandakanya nokudla - izinambuzane, izibungu, ama-crustaceans amancane, i-algae. Ngemuva kokukhula komzimba ongama-3 cm, ushintsha ukondleke nohlaza lwezimila.
I-Belamur ayinamahloni, kodwa iyaqaphela kakhulu. Unezindawo zokucasha, ngokwesibonelo, ezansi komgodi womfula noma emagatsheni. Imizila lapho izinhlanzi zibhukuda ziyefana. Ngesikhathi selanga uthanda ukubhukuda engxenyeni efudumele ephezulu yedamu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Abantu abadala balezi zinhlobo bangabuthana emihlambini, lokhu kuyabonakala ikakhulukazi ebusika, izinhlanzi ezichitha emigodini phansi komfula.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Izinduna ezikhethekile zesikhumba ngenkathi ebandayo yasebusika zikhipha imfihlo ebonakalayo, emhlophe engagxila emanzini, ngaleyo ndlela inikeze izindawo ezinenhlanzi ezinkudlwana.
Ngemuva kokufika esikhathini sokuthomba, (ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka engu-7) ehlobo, i-Amur iyavela. Kufanele kube amanzi angajulile, phansi enzima, isisekelo sawo siyitshe, noma ubumba. Isimo esibalulekile ukuba khona kwesilinganiso esanele samanje kanye lokushisa lamanzi elingu-25 ° C.
Ngokwesikazi, ngokwesilinganiso, amaqanda angaba ngu-3 500 atheleka ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu ezifudumele zamanzi, abese ezisakazeka ngokugeleza kwamanzi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu, kuvela izibungu emaqandeni.
Kungakapheli isonto, izibungu, njengoba sezizinze ngaphambili ezitshalweni zamanzi zangaphansi zamanzi, zikhula zibe nefry. Ama-malek, asendaweni engasogwini, adla ngezilwane ezi-zooplankton nama-benthos. Lapho esefinyelele ekukhuleni okungama-3 cm, iMalek ishintshela ekudleni kwemifino.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle - ukuntuleka kokudla, ukugeleza okuqinile, ukuguquguquka okushisa okuqinile, ukumiswa kokuzala nokubhujiswa kwamaqanda, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-resorption.
Izitha Zemvelo zama-White Cupids
Isithombe: Cupid
I-White Cupid yabantu abadala inosayizi ohlaba umxhwele, ngenxa yokuthi ayinazitha zemvelo emifuleni yamanzi ahlanzekile. Kepha kubantu abasha, abakhulayo, kunezingozi eziningi, phakathi kwazo:
- Izimo zezulu ezingezinhle, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okushintshile, ushintsho lokuhamba kokugeleza, isomiso, izikhukhula,
- izinambuzane, ama-amphibians, ezinye izilwane ezingadla i-caviar. Ngokubona ukuthi awekho amaqanda amaningi ahlukaniswe, lokhu kungasongela nokuba khona kwesibalo sabantu,
- izinhlanzi ezincane nezincane, izinhlanzi ezidla ezinye ziyingozi, kufaka phakathi i-pike ne-catfish, kuphela uma sikhuluma ngamadamu avulekile,
- izinyoni ezihlala eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi, kanye ne-waterfowl, zingondla abamele abancane nabaphakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane, okubuye kuthinte kabi isimo sokwanda kwabantu,
- indoda, ngesimo sayo sokungakhathali futhi kwesinye isikhathi sokuhaha ukudoba.
Njengoba i-Amur iyinhlanzi emnandi kakhulu futhi enempilo, wonke umdobi ufuna ukuyibamba. Izinkinga zemvelo, ngeshwa, zidlangile. Amanzi angcoliswa imfucuza nokukhishwa ekukhiqizweni kwamakhemikhali, ukwandisa izinzuzo zokuphakelwa kokungezelela kokukhula kanye nama-hormone ashintsha i-biocenosis yezinhlelo zemvelo.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Cupid emanzini
I-Belamur yinhlanzi enenani eliphakeme kuthengiso, kanye nohlelo lokuzihlanza. Inani labantu abasebangeni layo lemvelo (Amur River base) laliphansi futhi lisaqhubeka liphansi. Isimo esithile esihlukile siphawulwa ngemuva kwezinqubo zokuhlasela kanye nokuqhakanjiswa emizimbeni ehlukene yasemhlabeni. Ukuba ngumthengi ongathembeki kokudla kwezitshalo, iBelamur ikhula ngokushesha, ngaphezu kwalokho, ayiyona incintisana nakho kokudla kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi.
Ukuphela kwesithiyo ekukhuleni okusebenzayo kwesibalo sabafuduki ukuntuleka kwezimo ezifanele zokusakazeka. Lapha baqala ukuletha ukuthosa endaweni yabo yemvelo nezindawo ezinwebayo nendawo entsha yokuhlala. Ngakho-ke, njengamanje, umgibeli we-carp we-carp uvame ukubiza ingxenye enkulu yokubanjwa okuphelele.
Njengomkhiqizo wokudla, i-cupid yaziswa kakhulu. Ngaphezu ukunambitheka kwayo okuhle, inyama yayo nayo inezici ezizuzisayo.
Kwezokudoba, kungenye yezinhlobo ezithandwayo, kanye ne-carp, okungekho mncintiswano nakho engxenyeni yokudla. Ngokusekelwe ekutheni inhlanzi ayizithobi, ibonakala ngokukhula okusheshayo, iyasiza ekuhlanzeni ngokweqile kwezidumbu zamanzi, ngokuba ngumvuseleli wemvelo, uncamela ukuzalaniswa.
Amur emhlophe ummeleli omuhle weKarpovs. Izinhlanzi ezinhle, ezinobukhulu obuhehayo. Zinganaki izimo zokuphila. Inezici eziningi ezisebenzayo, lapho indima ebalulekile idlalwa khona ngokuhlanzwa kwezidumbu zamanzi, nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu nezakhiwo ezinempilo. Ihlangene nemizimba yamanzi yamazwe ahlukahlukene. Ukutshala okusetshenziselwe ukuthengisa.
Ngabe lubukeka kanjani i-carp yotshani?
Lolu hlobo lukhonjwa kalula ngokubonakala kwalo okungelonajwayelekile kwabamele abomndeni we-carp:
- umzimba ophakeme wesiyingi sendawo eyindilinga (isilinda) onezinhlangothi ezicindezelwe kancane,
- inhloko encane enobuso obuthambile,
- umlomo onezindebe ezinenyama ekhomba phansi
- okokungcolisa okhiye obekwe eceleni komphetho ongasemuva wezembozo ze-gill, ezihlotshiswe ngemivimbo ye-radial,
- iringiwe emuva kwe-olive emnyama noma i-ash grey hue,
- amehlo aneris yegolide
- isisu esikhanyayo
- i-silvery noma ephuzi izinhlangothi ezinesikali esikhulu se-cycloid futhi esiboshwe ngokuqinile, esibonakala ngemiphetho ebushelelezi (40- 47 ngokulandelana).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlanzi inemali efishane kakhulu enama-rays angama-8-10, ngaphansi kwesilinganiso esingu-11 (11). I-carp enkulu yotshani ikhula ibe ngu-120 cm futhi inesisindo esingama-40 kg, kepha abantu abasha (abaneminyaka emi-3-5) yama-2-6 kg banqoba ukubanjwa okujwayelekile.
Indlela yokuphila nezindlela zokuphila
Umhlali ongowokuzalwa e-Amur wethulwa ngempumelelo kwizidumbu zamanzi ezingxenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia. Okuningi kakhulu ezinhlelweni zomfula iDon, Urals, Kuban, Volga. Izinhlobo zinobubanzi obukhulu bokubekezelela izinga lokushisa nokungathobeki maqondana nombuso we-oxygen. Ngenxa yenkumbulo yomlando, izwa kahle emanzini abandayo kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-5 C, kepha ithanda amachibi afudumele (amachibi, amadamu okugcina amanzi, amachibi, imisele yokunisela) ngokushisa okushisa kwehlobo kwe-25-25 C nangaphezulu, ngoba lezo zimo zilungele kakhulu intuthuko esebenzayo izimila zasemanzini.
Imikhuba ye-Cupid
Ukudla okunempilo kuyaphikelela kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba. Lapho izinga lokushisa lekwindla lehla lifika ku + 8-9 C, inhlanzi iyayeka ukudla futhi ilungiselela ubusika, ikhetha imigodi ejulile ngaphansi ezansi kwedamu. Ngenkathi efudumele, ingena emihlambini emikhulu bese ichitha cishe sonke isikhathi phakathi kwamathanga nasemahlathini anezimila eziphansi, ulwelwe oluhlanzekile, futhi olugwadule. I-Grass carp ingadla kunoma yiluphi ungqimba lwethangi, uma kunokudla okufanelekile.
Inhlanzi ayinamahloni, kodwa ngokucophelela ngokwanele. Uma kunomsindo osolisayo, udlulela kwenye ingxenye yedatha futhi isikhathi eside ayinaki indawo ebingayithandi.
Inani le-Carp emvelweni
Umuntu uqobo ungowenhlanzi eyinqaba yomndeni we-cyprinid. Le nhlobo ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ifinyelela ngosayizi omkhulu. Inhlanzi ibhekwa njengebalulekile ekudobeni, iyathandwa ngokunambitheka kwayo okukhethekile nezinzuzo ezinkulu zezempilo. Umhlali ohlala emfuleni uyisisekelo senani elikhulu lezinto zokupheka zezitsha ezibandayo nezishisayo, amasaladi nokudla okulula.
Ezindongeni zemvelo, le nhlanzi ibhekwa njengehlanzayo. Ihlala ikakhulukazi emifuleni yaseRussia, emachibini ase-East Asia, e-Amur nakwimifula ethile yeChina. Uhlobo lwangeniswa emkhakheni we-USSR ngenhloso yokuqhubeka ngokuzalanisa uma kwenzeka kuphumelela ukuqiniswa kabusha. Ekuqaleni, ososayensi bakhala i-alamu, ngoba izinhlanzi zazidla utshani obukhulu ngosuku - ngaphezu kwesisindo. Kwezinye izindawo ezisogwini, izakhamuzi zize ziphonse utshani emachibini, zisuthisa abahlala emfuleni.
Kwakuyiqiniso lokudla imifino ukuthi labo ababesekela ukuphepha kwemvelo namandla, ababengazi ukuthi bazokwenzenjani ngamachibi okupholisa abolile asezikhungweni ezinkulu zezimboni.
Kule vidiyo uzofunda ukuthi yini elimazayo inhlanzi:
Ezinye izinhlobo zasendle, ezazingasuswa nganoma yiziphi izindlela (ngokwesibonelo, i-Elodea), zabhujiswa ngempumelelo futhi zancishiswa kakhulu ngevolumu ngokubonga i-carp yotshani.
Ukuziphatha
I-carp emhlophe yotshani idla ngenkuthalo futhi izuza isisindo kusuka entwasahlobo kuya phakathi ekwindla. Lapho nje izinga lokushisa lehlisa ukufika ku-10, inhlanzi iqala ukulungiselela i-hibernation. Ukhetha indawo ezansi futhi empeleni ayeke ukudla.
Ehlobo, izinhlanzi ziyahlangana ezikoleni futhi zithanda ukuhlala emahlathini. Kwinhlanzi akunandaba ukuthi kunokudla kuphi. Ungakudla bobabili ngaphezulu kwethangi, nangaphansi.
I-Grass carp ayinamahloni, kepha ihlala ibukeka eduze ekuqaleni futhi kuphela emva kwalokho okuza ekudleni. Uma inhlanzi izwa umsindo, isuka ngokushesha endaweni yayo. Kungathatha isikhathi eside ukubheka indawo yokupaka ephelele futhi ujwayele indlu entsha. Uma engazithandi izimo, uziphatha ngokuvilapha futhi angakunaki ukondla.
Incazelo yemvelo
Kwabaningi, akubalulekanga ngokuphelele ukuthi i-carp yotshani iyi-bony noma cha. Amaphutha anjalo agcwele ukunambitheka okuhle. Lo omele ama-cyprinid unomzimba onenyama kakhulukufana nesimo sesilinda. Inhlanzi imbozwe ngesikali esiminyene esiyindilinga. Ubukhulu bomuntu omkhulu kunabo bonke okwakwazi ukufukulwa enkulisa babungama-120 cm anesisindo esingama-30 kg.
Inyama inamafutha amaningi, inempilo futhi ngenxa yalokho inenani elinjalo lempilo yabantu. Kuyaziwa ekuphekeni, kuvezwe kalula kunoma yiziphi izindlela zokupheka:
Le nhlanzi ingalungiswa ngokuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene.
Okubaluleke ngokukhethekile kwi-Cupid isibindi. Bazama ukuyipheka ingaphansi kwesidumbu uqobo, ngoba isitho sithathwa njengesibiliboco sangempela esikhangayo ngokunambitheka kwako kwasekuqaleni kanye nezinzuzo ezinkulu.
Inhlanzi uqobo lwayo “luyimifino”, ngakho-ke esibindini sayo azikho izinto ezinobuthi eziyingozi empilweni yomuntu.
Izici ezizuzisayo
Izici zokunambitha ze-carp yotshani akuyona ukuphela kwento eheha abathandi bezinhlanzi. Lo ngumkhiqizo onempilo enhle oqukethe yonke amavithamini namaminerali. Ngobukhulu, inyama yezinhlanzi iqukethe amaprotheni abalulekile, amunwa kalula. Ama-antioxidants abalulekile ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kohlelo lwezinhliziyo, ukugcina ubuhle nokwelula ubusha.
Kunamavithamini amaningi kule nhlanzi
Amavithamini A, B, C, E anethonya eliyinkimbinkimbi, avikela umzimba womuntu ezifweni nasemagciwane, asekela izinqubo ze-metabolic futhi avuselele indlala yegilo.
Ngenxa yesodium, i-magnesium, i-potassium, ibhalansi yamanzi kanye nokuhlanganiswa okufanele kwama-hormone kuyalungiswa. Inyama futhi iqukethe phosphorus, ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqiniseni amathambo namazinyo aphilile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-carp yotshani kubonakaliswa kungumphumela omuhle kuzo zonke izinhlelo zezitho zomuntu:
- kwehlisa cholesterol embi,
- ubungozi bokuthola isifo sikashukela nesifo se-yegilo sinciphile,
- ukusebenza kobuchopho kuyashukunyiswa,
- kubambezela ukuguga komzimba,
- izinqubo ze-metabolic zijwayelekile.
Ngenxa yamandla ayo okusheshisa inqubo yokuhlukanisa amafutha nokuvuselela i-metabolism, umkhiqizo uthandwa ekudleni kokudla. Ngenani layo lokudla okunempilo lika-165 kcal nge-100 g, iqukethe akukho ngaphezu kwama-5 g wamafutha no-18 g wamaprotheni.
Inyama eyigugu ifaka ne-folic acid, i-riboflavin, i-omega fatty acid, calciferol ne-pantothenic acid. Umuntu osebenzisa njalo izitsha ezivela ku-carp yotshani akathinteki ngokushintshwa kwemizwelo, ukucindezelwa, ukucindezelwa futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi ulawula isimo sakhe semizwa.
Kepha kukhona inani lama-nuances
Contraindication
Umphumela omuhle wabahlali basemfuleni emzimbeni ubalulekile, kepha kuyadingeka ukuhlola ngokulinganayo izinzuzo nokulimazeka kwe-carp yotshani impilo. Umphumela ongenangozi kakhulu kungaba ukuwohloka kwempilo ye-banal. Lokhu kuzosho ukuthi noma yiziphi izingxenye zezinhlanzi aziwulungele umzimba.
Ezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu, ubuthi bungabonakala, kepha kwenzeka kuphela lapho izimo zokomkhiqizo zephulwa. Njengomphumela wokutheleleka nge-carp parasites kanye nezinto eziyingozi, inyama yazo iba engafanele ukusetshenziswa, ngakho-ke udinga ukukhetha umkhiqizo ezitolo ezinkulu nasezimakethe (ikakhulukazi ngenkathi esishisayo) ngokucophelela.
Kunemikhakha yabantu okungafanele idle izinhlanzi ezinjalo
Izitsha zeCarp zifakwe emikhakheni elandelayo yabantu:
- igulazi ukudla kwasolwandle namaprotheni,
- ngezifo zesibindi nokugaya ukudla,
- nokukhuluphala.
Nganoma iyiphi indlela yokupheka, izinhlanzi kufanele zibhekane nokwelashwa okushisa okukhulu ukuze kugwenywe ukutheleleka ngegciwane nezinye izifo.
Amathambo ezinhlanzini
I-Grass carp ingeyama-carps, okusho ukuthi maningi amathambo kuyo. Ubuntu besakhiwo salezinhlobo zezinhlanzi akuyona nje isikhumba esikhulu, kodwa namathambo amaningi amancane angenakususwa ngokuphelele lapho usika futhi upheka. Okuwukuphela kwento emnandi kulo mndeni yi-mirror carp, equkethe amathambo ambalwa futhi cishe ayimboziwe esikalini.
Lapho ukhetha izinhlanzi zokupheka, kungcono ukunaka izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu, ngoba kunamathambo amancane ambalwa kuzo. Kodwa-ke, lapho uthenga umkhiqizo, kufanele unake ikhwalithi: izikali akufanele zigaxwe, amaphiko kufanele aqhubeke nokunwebeka.
Kunconywa ukufriza i-Cupid kanye kuphela, ngoba ingalahlekelwa yizindawo zayo ezizuzisayo. Akunakugcinwa isikhathi eside, ngoba ngokushesha iyawohloka. Kungcono ukupheka inhlanzi ethengiwe ngokushesha, ukuyicubungula ngokupheka okuphekwe inyama, inyama egayiwe noma ifilidi.