Izimpungushe zingezomndeni wama-canine, futhi inani labantu lazo lihlukaniswe izabelo ezingaba ngu-50. Okuvame kakhulu i-fox ejwayelekile. Ungomkhulu kubo bonke abamele lolu hlobo.
Igama livela egameni lesiSlavic elithi "fox", elisho ukuthi "obomvu". Uma unikezwe umbala wesilo, uthathwa kahle izimpande.
Incazelo
Izimpungushe zigcwele eRussia nakwamanye amazwe lapho kunezimo ezifanele zokuphila kwazo. Lesi silo singumhlaseli futhi sisebenzisa izilwane ezincane, namagundane nezinambuzane, ngaleyo ndlela silawule ukwanda kwabantu futhi sivikele ukwanda kwezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze ibhalansi emvelweni.
Ngaphandle, i-fox kulula ukuyihlukanisa kwamanye amakhambi ngenxa yombala wayo obomvu okhanyayo. Lokhu kuvame ukuphenduka kumhlaseli, ngoba kungabonakala ngisho nasehlathini eliminyene.
Ukubukeka
Ukubonakala kwesidleke kuncike ngqo esimweni sezulu lapho lihlala khona. Ezifundeni ezifudumele, lezi zilwane zikhula zincanyana futhi zibe nombala wewolintshi okhanyayo. Ezimweni ezibandayo, kutholakala abantu abakhudlwana abagqoke u-orenji olula.
Isisu somhlaseli sikhanya, kanti imilenze imnyama. Umbala womsila uvame kakhulu umbala wombala, uhlanganisa imichilo yo-orenji, onsundu kanye noboya obumhlophe. Abantu abakhulu kakhulu bangakhula babe ngama-80 cm ubude futhi babe ngama-40 cm ukuphakama. Isisindo siyahluka kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-10 kg.
Indlela Yokuphila Nokuziphatha
Izimpungushe zithanda ukuhlala emaphaketheni aqukethe owesilisa osemdala, owesifazana namawundlu awo. Eqinisweni, laba bantu abahlaselayo bahlala emindenini ephelele. Njengendlu, bakhetha insimu lapho kunokudla okwanele futhi kunomhlaba oqinile wokumba izimbobo. Kamuva, izimpungushe zihlala, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zingangena emgodini owenziwe esinye isilo. Amacala abhalwe lapho izilwane ezidla ezinye zayihlalisa ingxenye yemihubhe engaphansi komhlaba eyenziwe ngabadingi futhi yakhona yaba khona ngokulandelana ngaphandle kwengxabano. Ngokuhlala kule nsimu, izimpungushe zingasheba izimbobo eziningana eziholela esidlekeni esisodwa esakhiwe ngaphansi komhlaba.
Uma ngasizathu simbe impungushe ihlala yodwa, kungenzeka ingagodi umgodi nhlobo, isebenzisa utshani obukhulu, ukugoqa iqhwa, njll njengokuhlala ubusuku bonke.
Endleleni yokuphila, umhlaseli uhlala ebusuku kakhulu. Ngamehlo amahle kakhulu, uqonde ebumnyameni, okukuvumela ukulandelela inyamazane. Lapho iya ekuzingeleni, impungushe ikhetha ukuhamba emgqeni oqondile ukuze ingaphambuki.
Ihlala impungushe isikhathi esingakanani?
Emvelweni, izimpungushe ziphila iminyaka eyi-10. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokwenziwa, isikhathi sokuphila sanda kakhulu. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izilwane zingaba khona kuze kufike eminyakeni engama-20, ngoba azidingi ukuhamba nsuku zonke, zisengozini yokuhlangabezana nezingozi ezahlukahlukene futhi zikhathele nomzimba.
Izwi le-Fox
Izimpungushe zenza cishe akukho misindo, zikhetha ukuxhumana nabanye zisebenzisa iphunga. Lapho umuntu efuna ukushiya umyalezo othile kwabanye, umaka insimu ngemikhiqizo yomzimba wayo.
Kodwa-ke, uma umhlaseli esadinga ukukhipha izwi, khona-ke ingaqala ukuqhuma noma ukukhonkotha. Iphimbo labesilisa nabesifazane lihlukile. Ezokuqala zenza ama-coarse amaningi nama-bass umsindo, kanti izinsikazi zinezwi eli-sonorous. Ungayizwa impungushe kulezo zikhathi lapho isengozini, noma ikhathazekile.
Ukunyakaza
Esimweni esizolile, isilo sihamba ngokuqondile, cishe emilenzeni yaso enwetshiwe ngokugcwele. Abazingeli abanokuhlangenwe nakho banganquma kalula i-fox unyawo lweqhwa yizinyathelo ezincane ezinamacala ezilinganiswe ngeketanga eliqhubekayo.
Lapho ibona inyamazane, impungushe icishe ibe eduze ngokuphelele nomhlabathi futhi iqale ukweqa kancane kuyo. Ngemuva kokulinda umzuzu ofanele, ugijimela phambili, ahlasele ilitshe. Ukuze uqondise, umdlwenguli usebenzisa umsila omude osebenza njengomhlanga. Ikuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze ibhalansi futhi uvumelane ngokushintshana, uma ukukhiqizwa kungazelelwe kunquma ukugibela ngasohlangothini.
Izimpungushe zinomqondo omuhle kakhulu wephunga nokuzwa, ngakho-ke ziyakwazi ukukhomba ukuthi ziliphi inyamazane ngaphambi kokuba zilibone. Lokhu kusiza ukugoba ngokushesha bese uqala ukunciphisa ibanga.
I-Habitat - ihlala kuphi impungushe?
Izimpungushe zihlala cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia, zikhetha amahlathi namathafa njengendawo yazo yokuhlala. Ngenxa yoboya obufudumele, angaphila ngisho nasezimweni ezibandayo, futhi uma kunesidingo, azifudumele ngosizo lomsila omfushane. Futhi, izimpungushe zihlala kahle ezintabeni nase-tundra, zijwayela izimo zemvelo.
Izinhlobo zezimpungushe zohlobo lweVulpes
I-genus Vulpes foxes yiyona ebanzi kakhulu futhi ibhebhetheka kakhulu phakathi kwama-canid, ezinenani lezinhlobo eziyi-12 zezimpungushe. Abamele lolu hlobo bangatholakala enyakatho ekude, naseNingizimu Melika, naseYurophu, nase-Afrika, nase-Asia.
Izici zezici zezimpungushe zohlobo lwe-Vulpes ziyisigobongo esicacisiwe, izindlebe eziqondile ezingunxantathu, umsila omude futhi omfushane, isicaba sgebhezi ngokuqhathaniswa nohlobo lweCanis. Umbala wethiphu yomsila uvame ukwahluka kumbala oyinhloko. Esihlelweni esiphakathi kwamehlo nekhala kunezimpawu ezimnyama ezingunxantathu omnyama.
Impungushe ejwayelekile I-Vulpes vulpes
Njengamanje, kukhona cishe izingxenyana ezingama-48 zempungushe ejwayelekile, ezisatshalaliswa zisuka e-Arctic Circle ziye ogwadule lwase-Asia naseNyakatho Afrika naseMelika Ephakathi. Kwethulwa e-Australia. Lolu hlobo lwendalo luvame kakhulu kangangokuba kungenzeka lube yipulasitiki kunazo zonke kunazo zonke izilwane ezidla lukhona.
Ubude bomzimba buphakathi kuka-75 cm, umsila - 40-69 cm, isisindo singafinyelela ku-10 kg. Ijazi libunjiwe kubomvu okomlilo ngaphezulu, futhi limhlophe qhwa kumnyama ngezansi. Isipikili somsila kwesinye isikhathi simhlophe. Kunezinhlobo zesiliva nezinye imibala.
I-Bengal (indian) fox Vulpes bengalensis
Kuhlala i-India, Pakistan, Nepal. Igcinwa emaqeleni, emahlathini akhanyayo, izihlahlana ezinameva kanye nogwadule oluyi-1350 m ngaphezu kolwandle.
Ubude bomzimba - 45-60 cm, umsila - 25-35 cm, isisindo - 1.8-3.2 kg. Umbala wengubo emifushane ebushelelezi ubomvu unesihlabathi-ubomvu, imilenze ibomvu, ipipi lomsila limnyama.
Impungushe yaseNingizimu Afrika I-Vulpes chama
Sisatshalaliswa e-Afrika eseningizimu yeZimbabwe ne-Angola. Ungahlangana naye emaqeleni nasezintabeni ezinamadwala.
Ubude bomzimba - 45-60 cm, umsila - 30-40 cm, isisindo - 3.5-4,5 kg. Umbala ubomvu agouti onsundu ngombala wesiliva-grey emuva, isipikili somsila simnyama, akukho buso obumnyama obumnyama.
Korsak I-Vulpes corsac
Kwenzeka e-steppe zone eseningizimu-mpumalanga yeRussia, eCentral Asia, eMongolia, eTransbaikalia enyakatho neManchuria nasenyakatho ye-Afghanistan.
Ngaphandle, i-corsac ifana ne-fox ejwayelekile, kepha incane kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba 50-60 cm, umsila ongu-22-35 cm, isisindo esingu-2,5-5 kg. Ijazi linombala onsundu; isilevu simhlophe noma siphuzi ngokwebala. Isici esibonakalayo seKorsak sibanzi, i-cheekbones avelele.
I-Tibetan fox I-Vulpes ferrilata
Ihlala ezindaweni ezingama-steppe ezindaweni eziphakeme (4500-4800 m ngaphezu kolwandle) iTibet neNepal.
Ubude bomzimba - 60-67 cm, umsila - 28-32 cm, isisindo - 4-5,5 kg. Umzimba nezindlebe kudwetshwe ngotshani obumnyama glue, isicubu somsila simhlophe. Ikhanda elide nelincane libonakala lilingana nekhola eminyene nethambile. Amafangasi ayaxutshwa.
Impungushe yase-Afrika I-Vulpes pallida
Ihlala eNyakatho Afrika ukusuka oLwandle Olubomvu kuya Olwandle, ukusuka eSenegal kuya eSudan naseSomalia. Ukuphila ogwadule.
Ubude bomzimba - 40-45 cm, umsila - 27-30 cm, isisindo - 2.5-2.7 kg. Ijazi lifushane futhi elincanyana. Ama-torso nezindlebe kukhona nsundu ophuzi, imilenze ibomvu, isicoco somsila simnyama. Akunamamaki ebusweni.
I-sand fox I-Vulpes rueppellii
Kwenzeka kusuka eMorocco kuya e-Afghanistan, enyakatho neCameroon, enyakatho-mpumalanga yeNigeria, eChad, eCongo, eSomalia, eGibhithe, eSudan. Kuhlala ugwadule.
Ubude bomzimba - 40-52 cm, umsila - 25-35 cm, isisindo - 1.7-2 kg. Ijazi linesihlabathi esimile, isicu somsila simhlophe, kukhona amabala amnyama esihlathini. Inezindlebe ezinkulu ezisiza ukulawula ukushisa komzimba, futhi uboya obusezindongeni zamawashi lusiza ukunyakaza esihlabathini esishisayo.
I-corsac yaseMelika I-Vulpes velox
Kwenzeka kusuka eTexas kuye eSouth Dakota. Kusukela ngo-1900 kuya ku-1970 le nhlobo yatholakala enyakatho yeGreat Plains, eCanada, kodwa, ngokusobala, i-corsac yaseMelika yaqothulwa ngokuphelele: ngo-1928 i-fox yanyamalala eSaskatchewan, kwathi ngo-1938 isuka esifundazweni sase-Alberta. Kodwa-ke, manje uphinde wakhiqizwa ngempumelelo ku-Canada prairie.
Ubude bomzimba - 37-53 cm, umsila - 22-35 cm, isisindo - 2-3 kg. Ijazi limpunzi-mpunga ebusika, libomvu ehlobo, ichopho lomsila limnyama, kukhona amabala amnyama ezinhlangothini zesizalo.
Impungushe yaseMelika I-Vulpes macrotis
Kuhlala inyakatho mpumalanga yeMexico nasentshonalanga eseningizimu ne-USA. Kuhlala izindawo zokudumisa nezintaba ezomile.
Ubude bomzimba - 38-50 cm, umsila - 22-30 cm, isisindo - 1.8-3 kg. Ijazi linombala obomvu ophuzi, izitho ziyabonakala. Umsila onompipi omnyama, u-fluffy kakhulu.
I-Afghan fox Vulpes cana
Kuhlala i-Afghanistan, enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Iran, i-Balochistan, okuyindawo eyaziwa njenge-Israel. Ungahlangana naye esifundeni sezintaba.
Ubude bomzimba - 42-48 cm, umsila - 30-35 cm cm, isisindo - 1.5-3 kg. Umbala uvame ukufana umnyama, ebusika - nsundu. Amaphara we-Bare paw pads ahlelelwe impilo ezindaweni ezinemithambeka emaweni.
UFenech I-Vulpes zerda
Kwesinye isikhathi ihlukaniswa kuhlobo lwefennecus ngenxa yezindlebe ezinkulu, igebhezi eliyindilinga namazinyo amancane. Ihlala eNyakatho Afrika, ngaphesheya kweSahara empumalanga eSinayi nase-Arabia. Ukuphila ogwadule olunesihlabathi.
Ubude bomzimba - 24-41 cm, umsila - 18-31 cm, isisindo - 0.9-1.5 kg. UFenech mncane kunayo yonke impungushe. Umbala wejazi ukhilimu, isicubu somsila simnyama. Amaphilisi we-paw aphansi. Isici esimangazayo seFenech ukuthi izindlebe zayo ezinkulu, ezakha amaphesenti angama-20 womzimba, zisiza isilwane ukuba sishise ekushiseni kosuku (emazingeni aphezulu okushisa komoya, izitsha ezisezindlebeni zanda, zikhulisa ukudluliswa kokushisa). Kodwa-ke, emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-20 ° C uFenech uqala ukuthuthumela kubanda.
I-Arctic fox (polar fox) IVulpes (Alopex) lagopus
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi yanamuhla kwesinye isikhathi kuhlukanisa ukuphela kohlobo lwezimpungushe ze-arctic njengohlobo lwezimpungushe. I-Arctic fox ihlala isifunda esiyi-circumpolar, i-tundra kanye nezindawo eziselwandle ezisogwini lolwandle.
Ubude bomzimba - 53-55 cm, umsila - 30-32 cm, isisindo - 3.1-3.8 kg. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemibala: “mhlophe”, obukeka njengompunga onsundu ehlobo, futhi “oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka”, ehlobo un onsundu. Uboya bukhulu kakhulu, okungenani ama-70% afudumele ngaphansi kwangaphansi. Izimpungushe ze-Arctic zinamandla okumelana nokubanda.
IGenus Urocyon (izimpungushe)
Impungushe empunga Urocyon cinereoargenteus
Kwenzeka kusuka enkabeni ye-USA kuya ezindaweni ezihamba phambili, ukusuka eningizimu kuya eVenezuela, kusuka enyakatho kuya e-Ontario.
Ubude bomzimba - 52-69 cm, umsila - 27-45 cm, isisindo - 2.5-7 kg. Umbala grey, onemibala ehlukahlukene, umphimbo omhlophe, i-paws tawny. I-hairst enzima yezinwele ezinzima ezimnyama ihamba eduze kwendawo eyisidina yomsila.
Isiqhingi sesiqhingi Urocyon littoralis
Ihanjiswe ku-Channel Islands eduze naseCalifornia.
Lona uhlobo oluncane kakhulu lweempungushe ezihlala e-United States. Ubude bomzimba - 48-50 cm, umsila - 12-29 cm, isisindo - 1,2-2.7 kg. Ngaphandle kufana ne-fox empunga, kepha ephansi kuye ngosayizi. I-fox yesiqhingi ayivikeleki kakhulu.
IGenus Otocyon (Izindlebe Zezimpungushe)
I-Big Eared Fox I-Otocyon megalotis
Kuyaziwa ukuthi kunabantu ababili: eyodwa itholakala isuka eningizimu yeZambia iye eSouth Africa, kanti enye isuka e-Ethiopia iye eTanzania. Ukulungiselela kuqala izikhala.
Ubude bomzimba - 46-58 cm, umsila - 24-34 cm, isisindo - 3-4.5 kg. Umbala ususela empunga uye ephuzi elimnyama, kukhona amamaki amnyama esihlokweni, amathiphu endlebe nezidladla kanye “nebhande” ngemuva. Izindlebe zikhulu (kufika ku-12 cm). I-fox enkulukazi-yered ihlukile kunezinye izinhlobo ezisesimweni esingajwayelekile samazinyo ayo: amazinyo ayo abuthakathaka, kepha ngokuhlangana namanye ama-molars inani lawo eliphelele lingu-46-50. Ukudla kwalolu hlobo nakho akujwayelekile kakhulu: lokhu kudla kuyizinambuzane ezingama-80%, ikakhulukazi amabhungane nezindunduma.
I-Dusicyon genus (izimpungushe zaseNingizimu Melika)
Indawo yokuhlala kwezimpungushe zohlobo lweDusicyon ikhawulelwe eSouth America. Umbala uvame ukuba mpunga ngokuhlangana kwesikhumba. Isikhumba mude futhi mncane, izindlebe zinkulu, umsila ubushelelezi.
Andean fox Dusicyon (pseudalopex) Cepaeus
Ihlala e-Andes, isuka e-Ecuador nasePeru iye esiqhingini saseTierra del Fuego. Kutholakala ezintabeni naseziphepheni.
Ngokuya ngezinsizakalo, ubude bomzimba buhlukahluka kusuka ku-60 kuye ku-115 cm, ubude bomsila buyi-30-45 cm, kanti isisindo ngu-4.5-11 kg. Emuva namahlombe ampunga, inhloko, intamo, izindlebe nezidladla ziyanuka, isicu somsila simnyama.
I-South American fox I-Dusicyon (pseudalopex) griseus
Ihlala e-Andes, ikakhulukazi inani labantu ligxile e-Argentina naseChile. Ukuphila ezindaweni eziphansi kune-Andean fox.
Ubude bomzimba - 42-68 cm, umsila - 31-36 cm, isisindo - 4,4 kg. Umbala okhanyayo okhanyayo grey, izingxenye eziphansi zomzimba zilula.
I-Paraguayan fox I-Dusicyon (Pseudalopex) yokuzivocavoca
Ihlala kumapheshana eParaguay, eChile, eningizimu mpumalanga yeBrazil, kusukela eningizimu kuye empumalanga yeArgentina kuye eRio Negro.
Ubude bomzimba - 62-65 cm, umsila - 34-36 cm, isisindo - 4.8-6.5 kg.
I-securan fox I-Dusicyon (pseudalopex) sechurae
Ihlala ogwadule olusogwini olusenyakatho yePeru naseningizimu ye-Ecuador.
Ubude bomzimba bungu-53-59 cm, umsila ucishe ube ngu-25 cm, isisindo singama-4.5-4.7 kg. Ijazi ngimpunga okhanyayo, ichopho lomsila limnyama.
Impungushe yaseBrazil I-Dusicyon (pseudalopex) vetulus
Ihlala eningizimu nephakathi kweBrazil.
Ubude bomzimba cishe ngo-60 cm, umsila - cishe ama-30 cm, isisindo esingu-2.7-4 kg. Isibalo sisifushane, amazinyo mancane. Umbala wejazi lomzimba ongenhla ungwevu, isisu simhlophe. Kukhona umugqa omnyama phezu kwendawo eyisisekelo yomsila.
Impungushe kaDarwin I-Dusicyon (Pseudalopex) kabusha
Kutholakale esiQhingini iChiloe naseNauelbuta National Park, eChile.
Ubude bomzimba cishe ngo-60 cm, umsila - 26 cm, isisindo cishe 2 kg. Ijazi lohlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba ngimpunga emnyama, intamo nesisu kupende ngombala. Izinhlobo zisengozini.
Ngesikhathi ehamba ngomkhumbi ngo-1831, uCharles Darwin wathenga ikhophi lempungushe eyimpunga, eyathola igama lakhe kamuva. Embhalweni wakhe, wabhala ukuthi esiqhingini saseChililoe, "impungushe engokwaluphi uhlobo, okusobala ukuthi ihlukile kulesi siqhingi futhi iyivelakancane kuso, futhi engakachazwa njengohlobo." Yize uDarwin abekwazi ngokuhlukile kwale mpungushe, esanda kuqinisekiswa, isimo salesi silwane kudala sahlala singacaci. Ihlukaniswa ngombala onsundu omnyama, ocishe ube ngumbala wekhanda nemilenze emifushane.
UMikong I-Dusicyon (Cerdocyon) thous
Kuhanjiswa kusuka eColombia naseVenezuela kuye enyakatho yeArgentina naseParaguay. Kuhlala ama-savannah namahlathi.
Ubude bomzimba - 60-70 cm, umsila - 28-30 cm, isisindo -5-8 kg.
Ijazi linombala onsundu, izindlebe zimnyama, umsila onomucu omnyama dorsal nethiphu emhlophe, amaphinikhodi we-paw makhulu, i-muzzle imfushane.
Impungushe enamehlo amancane (impungushe encane noma i-fox emfishane) I-Dusicyon (Atelocynus) Microtis
Ihlala emahlathini ashisayo emifula ye-Orinoco ne-Amazon. Kutholakala ePeru, eColombia, e-Ecuador, eVenezuela naseBrazil.
Ubude bomzimba -72-100 cm, umsila - 25-35 cm, isisindo kufika ku-9 kg. Umbala umnyama, izindlebe zimfishane futhi ziyindilinga. Amazinyo amade futhi aqinile. Umuthi wekati.
Amareferensi: Izilwane ezincelisayo: I-Illustrated Encyclopedia / Translator Ephelele yesiNgisi / Incwadi. I. Izilwane ezincelisayo, izilwane zasolwandle, izinyoni zasendulo, ama-tupai, amaphiko oboya. / Umq. D. MacDonald. - M: "Omega", - 2007.
Impungushe ejwayelekile
Kuzo zonke izimpungushe, kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile kakhulu futhi kunkulu ngosayizi. Umzimba ufinyelela kubude obungama-90 cm, isisindo - kuze kufike ku-10 kg. Ihlala cishe yonke insimu yase-Eurasia, ngaphandle kwaseningizimu impela ye-Eshiya - i-India kanye nengxenye yeChina. Kulula ukuhlangana eNyakatho Melika (kusuka ezifundeni ezinwebekile kuze kufike ezindaweni ezishisayo), futhi nasenyakatho yezwekazi lase-Afrika - eGibhithe, e-Algeria, eMorocco kanye nasenyakatho neTunisia.
Umbala ovame kakhulu umhlane obomvu ovuthayo, isisu esimhlophe qhwa, kanye nemilenze ansundu. Indawo esenyakatho ekude nendawo yokuhlala, iyakhanga futhi icebise ijazi lokukhohlisa, futhi likhulu.
I-fox edume ngombala onsundu itholakala eduze nenyakatho. Izinhlobo zaseNingizimu zincane futhi zine-duller.Izindlebe ezimnyama nethiphu emhlophe yomsila omuhle kakhulu - ukugqamisa kukhekhe okwenzeka kuzo zonke lezi izimpungushe.
Isizalo siyaphakama, isitho somzimba sinciphile, imilenze incane futhi iphansi. Ukuhlanza kusuka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya maphakathi nehlobo. Ngemuva kokuwa, uboya obusha buyakhula, bube buhle kakhulu kunangaphambili. Izindlebe zezimpungushe ziyithuluzi elibalulekile, ngosizo lwazo zibamba imisindo ecashile futhi zithola kalula inyamazane.
Ama-rodices amancane azingelwa eyedwa, kanti nezinyamazane zizizwa zingqimba leqhwa, zilandelele bese zibhaqa ikhava leqhwa ngemichilo yazo. Lokhu ukuzingela kubizwa igundane, futhi impungushe iphumelele kakhulu. Kungabamba nesilwane esikhudlwana - i-roe hare noma iwundlu.
Impungushe ngeke iphuthelwe yinyoni uma kungafika kuyo inqubo yokuzingela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idla izinambuzane nezibungu zazo, izinhlanzi, izitshalo nezimpande zazo, izithelo namajikijolo, kanye nezidumbu zezilwane. Isilo esimangalisa ngokuphelele, kepha, njengazo zonke izimpungushe. Zigcinwa yimindeni emikhulu, efana namakholoni amancane.
Imisele iyazisika, noma ihlale amabala amade nezimbaza. Lezi zinhlaka zinendawo yokuphuma evulekile nemigwaqo eyinkimbinkimbi, kanye namakamelo okugcina izidleke. Kepha bahlala endaweni yokuhlala engaphansi komhlaba kuphela ngesikhathi sokudla izingane, bese becasha kuzo kuphela ezisengozini.
Futhi sonke esinye isikhathi bathanda ukuba ngaphezulu komhlaba, bacashe otshanini noma ngaphansi kweqhwa. Izithombo zikhiqizwa kanye ngonyaka, futhi ngowesifazane onempilo futhi onempilo kuphela olungele ukuzalaniswa. Abantu abagulayo beqa kulo nyaka.
Kusuka ezinkulwaneni ezinhlanu kuya kweziyi-13, abazali abanakekelayo bayabanakekela bendawonye. Endle, izimpungushe ziphila iminyaka eyi-7, endaweni yokududuzelwa kwe-zoo - ukuya ku-18-25. Zivame ukuqothulwa ngenxa yezifo eziyingozi ezingabhebhetheka phakathi kwezinye izilwane - amarabi, isishayo sabazingeli kanye nemikhaba.
I-corsac yaseMelika
Imbimbi yempi impungushe noma fox prairie. Amasayizi mancane - umzimba ungaphezulu kwengxenye yamamitha ubude, ubukhulu bomsila ungomunye cm 30, futhi isisindo asidluli kuma-3 kg. Umbala ojwayelekile uphuzi kancane ngezigaba zethusi eziphuzi ezinhlangothini. Ezinyangeni zasehlobo, umbala uya ukhanya. Bahlala e-United States, empumalanga ye-Rocky Mountain yohlelo lweCordillera.
Iziza ezithandwayo zingama-steppes, ama-wastelands noma ama-pampas aqukethe utshani. Bangakwazi ukuthuthela kwenye indawo kalula, ngakho akumaki uphawu lwezinto zabo. Kuliqiniso, abesilisa bafuduka kaningi, izintombi zihlala futhi zigade izindawo zamakhaya, ubukhulu bazo bungama-5 sq. Km. Ukukhiqiza inzalo eningizimu ye-United States kuqala ngoDisemba, enyakatho - ngoMashi.
UKorsaki unakekela kakhulu, impilo yabo ayifundiswanga kangako. Ngecebo eliyingozi, babaleka ngejubane elifika ku-60 km / h. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuthiwa "izimpungushe ezisheshayo." Uboya abudumile ngenxa yesakhiwo esinzima nosayizi omncane wesikhumba.
Kepha bona uqobo bavame ukuwela ezingibeni ezibekwe izimpungushe ezijwayelekile nama-coyote. Inani leKorsaks eminyakeni yamuva liye lehla ngokushesha, bacishe badlula eCanada, lapho kwaqalwa khona inani elikhulu labantu ngaphambili. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kungenzeka ukuthi babhalwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu.
I-Afghan fox
Elinye igama - Balochistan noma Bukhara impungushe. Isilo esincane, ngosayizi nesisindo somzimba, siseduze ne-corsac yaseMelika. Ubukhulu bomsila cishe bulingana nobude bomzimba. Umbala ungwevu onsundu ngokufaka umnyama okumnyama emuva nomsila. Kungabizwa ngokuthi impungushe ngokubukeka nemikhuba yekati.
Isibungu sibukeka njengekati, elifushane kunezinye izimpungushe. Esikhundleni salokho izindlebe ezinkulu zitshalwa ekhanda, ezingasebenzi njengendawo kuphela, kepha futhi zisiza ukupholisa umzimba ekushiseni. Ngemuva kwakho konke, indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwalesi silwane iwela ezifundeni zabadala - eMpumalanga Ephakathi, eningizimu ye-Arabia, enyakatho nengxenye enkabeni ye-Afrika.
Ubuningi obukhulu kakhulu buwela endaweni ye-Afghanistan, empumalanga ye-Iran kanye nenyakatho-nentshonalanga yeNhlonhlo yeHindustan. Enyakatho izinhlobo ziphithizelwa yimpungushe ejwayelekile. Izitshalo zengezwa ngezinga elikhulu ebangeni elihlukahlukene lamamenyu, okokuqala, ngenxa yomswakama oqukethwe kuzo, futhi okwesibili, esimweni sezulu esishisayo zikhuthaza kangcono ukugaya.
Impungushe yase-Afrika
Ngomzimba ikhophi elincane le-fox ejwayelekile. Umbala "uthuli" ngaphezulu, amathunzi enesihlabathi, omaka imvelo ezungezile. Kuncane okufundwe kuze kube manje, kepha sekusunguliwe ukuthi nabo bahlala emindenini futhi bambe imisele emikhulu efinyelela kumamitha ayi-15 ngobude futhi ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-3 ngokujula. Kusatshalaliswa enkabeni ye-Afrika, eningizimu yeSahara.
Bahlala imichilo ebanzi ukusuka ogwini lwe-Atlantic kuya ogwini loLwandlekazi i-Indian. Bahlala esihlabathini sasogwadule noma emathafeni anamatshe, kwesinye isikhathi bangahlala eduze kwabantu. Imvamisa kufakwa ngaphansi kokuqothulwa kokuhlaselwa ezindlini zezinkukhu. Ngokusobala, izimo zokudla ezingezinhle ziyabaphoqa ukuthi bafune ukudla kubantu. Abahlali ekudingisweni isikhathi eside - kuze kube iminyaka emi-3; ngenkululeko bangaphila iminyaka eyi-6.
Fox: incazelo, isakhiwo, isimilo. Ngabe ibukeka kanjani impungushe?
Impungushe isilwane esidla inyama, singowomndeni wama-canine, okungukuthi, iyisihlobo esikude sobabili impisi nenja efuywayo.
Ubukhulu bempungushe buxhomekeke ezinhlotsheni zawo futhi buyehluka kusuka ku-18 cm (kwesincane Fox - Fenech) kuya ku-90 cm. Isisindo se-fox sibuye sishintshe - sisuka ku-0.7 siye ku-10 kg. Zonke izimpungushe zihlukaniswa ngesici esikhethekile sofuzo olujwayelekile - isicubu esidlule, umzimba omude, kepha onemilenze emifushane.
Futhi noma iyiphi impungushe ehle inomsila we-fluffy. Lo msila oshubile kakhulu wempungushe awakhiwa nje kuphela ngemvelo ngobuhle, kodwa futhi usebenza izinhloso ezingokoqobo, usebenza njengokuzinza ngesikhathi sokugijima, futhi ebusika obandayo ungangezela futhi ukufudumeza unkosikazi wawo. Ubude bomsila wempungushe buya ngezinhlobo zazo, ngokwesilinganiso zingama-40-60 cm.
Ukuzwa impungushe, kanye nomqondo wokuhogela kuthuthukiswe kahle, kungcono kuzo ukuthi lezi zilwane ngokuyinhloko zincike ngesikhathi sokuzingela. Ngokuqondene nombono, ibuye ithuthukiswe kahle, ngaphezu kwalokho, ivumelaniswe nendlela yokuphila yobusuku futhi ikuvumela ukuba ubone kahle ebumnyameni. Kepha okuwukudonsela phansi kombono wempungushe iqiniso ukuthi ayikwazi ukubona imibala. Impungushe inamazinyo angama-42 emlonyeni wayo, ngaphandle kwe-fox enkulu, enamazinyo angama-48.
Umzimba wempungushe umbozwe izinwele ezibomvu, ubukhulu bendawo ye-hairline buya ngohlobo lwe-fox nendawo okuhlala kuyo, futhi lungahluka ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, kwizimpungushe ezihlala ezimweni ezisenyakatho ezinobunzima, ebusika uboya buba buthambile futhi buthambile, ehlobo, ubukhazikhazi boboya bezimpungushe buyancipha.
Ihlala kuphi impungushe
Izimpungushe zihlala endaweni ebanzi yezindawo, zingatholakala emahlathini aseYurophu, e-Asia, eNyakatho Melika, eNyakatho Afrika ngisho nase-Australia. Izimpungushe zihlala emahlathini ethu ase-Ukraine. Emehlweni abantu, izimpungushe zivame ukucasha emiseleni, eziyizimbayo, noma ezingakucasuli ukuzikhipha kwezinye izilwane. Ungabuye uhlangane nabo emihumeni ngisho nasezigodini ezinkulu zezihlahla.
Ukubhebhetheka
Impungushe ibhebhetheke kakhulu: kulo lonke elaseYurophu, eNyakatho ne-Afrika (eGibhithe, e-Algeria, eMorocco, enyakatho neTunisia), iningi le-Asia (kuze kufike enyakatho yeNdiya, eningizimu yeChina kanye ne-Indochina), eNyakatho Melika ukusuka esifundeni sase-Arctic kuya ogwini olusenyakatho lweGulf of Mexico. I-fox yaphakanyiswa kabusha e-Australia futhi yasakazeka kulo lonke izwekazi, ngaphandle kwezinye izindawo ezisenyakatho ezinesimo sezulu esihle sokuswakama.
Kudala bekukholelwa ukuthi uhlobo oluhlukile lwezimpungushe luhlala eMelika, kepha muva nje selubhekwe njengengxenye yempungushe ebomvu.
I-Ecology
Umbala obalulekile nosayizi we-fox uhlotshaniswa nobubanzi bohlu lwayo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezimo zokuphila ezingxenyeni zalo ngazinye. Kwanele ukusho ukuthi izimpungushe zihlala, zihlangana nemikhawulo ehlukene, yonke imimandla yezindawo zomhlaba, kusukela emahlathini ase-tundra nase subarctic kuze kufike emaqeleni nasezintabeni, kufaka phakathi izintaba kuyo yonke imingcele yesimo sezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impungushe ayitholakali endle kuphela, kepha futhi nasendaweni enamasiko, nasemaphethelweni amadolobha, kufaka phakathi amakhulu (njengeKiev neWarsaw, eLondon izimpungushe zivame kakhulu emaphethelweni, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ivela enkabeni yedolobha) . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izikhathi, emadolobheni, impungushe ithola indawo enhle kakhulu. Imvamisa bahlala ezindlini ezihlala emadolobheni, emapaki nasezansi komhlaba.
Kuzo zonke izingxenye zobubanzi bawo, impungushe ithanda izindawo ezivulekile, kanye nezindawo lapho kunama-grey ahlukile, amakhefu, amagquma nezigodi, ikakhulukazi uma ebusika ikhava leqhwa kubo lingajulile kakhulu futhi likhululekile. Ngakho-ke, kuzo zonke izindawo ezinesimo sezulu, izimpungushe zihlala kakhulu e-steppe nasehlathini-steppe, hhayi ehlathini.
Impungushe iyisilwane esizinze ngokuphelele. Ezindaweni eziningi, ayinakho ukufuduka okujwayelekile. Amacala anjalo abonwa kuphela eTundra, ogwadule nasezintabeni. Isibonelo, enye yezimpungushe ezimakwe eM Malozemelskaya tundra (e-Arkhangelsk Oblast, eRussia) ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yabulawa amakhilomitha angama-600 eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Izilwane ezisencane ezihlaliswa emgodini womzali zivame ukuba kude ne-2-5 kuye ku-15-30 km ukusuka lapho.
Inani lezimpungushe liyahlukahluka ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Isimo saso sithonywa yizici ezifana nenani lamagundane, izimo zezulu, ukuba khona kwezifo ezithathelanayo kubantu. Eminyakeni yendlala, akugcini nje ngokuwohloka kwezinsikazi kanye nezinsanyana ezimbalwa, kepha kuvela nezimo ezifanele ekusakazeni kwama-epizootic, kwesinye isikhathi ahlanganisa izindawo ezinkulu. Ama-epizootic abonakala ngezimpungushe ngamarabi, isifo esihlaselayo, amaba.
Endle, izimpungushe akuvamile ukuba zihlale iminyaka engaphezu kwesikhombisa, imvamisa isikhathi sokuphila asidluli kathathu. Ekuthunjweni, izilwane ziphila iminyaka engama-20-25.
Umsoco
Impungushe, noma ingeyokwezilwane ezixhaphaza abanye, izondla ngokudla okuhlukahlukene kakhulu. Ukudla akudlayo, kunezinhlobo zezilwane ezingaphezu kuka-400 eziye zatholakala, ezingabalwa izinhlobo zezitshalo. Yonke indawo, isisekelo sokudla kwayo ngamagundane amancane, ikakhulukazi ama-voles. Umuntu angasho futhi ukuthi isimo sabantu balesi simangalo kuya ngokuya ngezinga elikhulu ngokwanela kwenombolo yabo nokufinyeleleka kwabo. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sasebusika, lapho impungushe ihlala ngokuyinhloko ngokuzingela ama-voles: isilwane, sishaya iphunga ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa, silalela amaqhubu aso noma izindunduma, bese singena ngokushesha eqhweni, noma sisakaze amaqhubu aso, sizama ukubamba inyamazane. Le ndlela yokuzingela ibizwa ngokuthi igundane.
Izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi ama hares, zidlala indima encane kakhulu kwezondlayo, yize kwezinye izimo izimpungushe zibabamba ngenhloso (ikakhulukazi i-hare), futhi izidumbu zingadla ngesikhathi sesifo se-hare. Kwesinye isikhathi izimpungushe ezinkulu zingahlasela ama-roe deer cubs. Izinyoni ekudleni kwempungushe azibalulekile njengezinduku, yize lesi sidlwengu singasoze saphuthelwa yithuba lokubamba inyoni evele emhlabathini (kusukela komncane kuya komkhulu, ngokwesibonelo, amahansi kanye ne-capercaillie), kanye nokucekela phansi ukubekwa kwamaqanda noma amaphuphu angenabhanoyi. Impungushe ingabamba inkunzi, kepha, ngokusho kokucatshangelwa kwezazi zezilwane, lokhu ikwenza kaningi kunenkolelo evamile.
Ogwadule nasogwadule, izimpungushe zivame ukuzingela izinyamazane. ECanada naseNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Eurasia, izimpungushe ezihlala emifuleni emikhulu ngesizini zondla cishe u-100% wesalimoni owabulala ngemuva kokuhluma. Ehlobo, izimpungushe zidla izimbungulu eziningi nezinye izinambuzane, futhi ngokuzithandela okukhulu, izibungu zazo. Ezikhathini zendlala, zivame ukudla nge-carrion.
Ukudla kwezitshalo - izithelo, izithelo, amajikijolo, kanye nezingxenye zezitshalo ezingejwayelekile kakhulu - kuyingxenye yokudla kwezimpungushe cishe kuyo yonke indawo, kepha iningi labo eliseningizimu yebanga, nokho, akukho lapho zidlala khona indima enkulu ekudleni kwabamele bale nhlobo. Zenza umonakalo omkhulu kwizilimo ze-oat, zidla lezi zitshalo zisesimweni sokukhipha ubisi. [ umthombo awucacisiwe izinsuku ezingama-1963 ]
Ukuzala
Njengempisi, impungushe ingeyokwezilwane ezinyamazana ezizalela kanye ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokukhiqizwa nokusebenza kwayo kuncike sezulu kanye nokukhuluphala kwezilwane. Kuneminyaka lapho afinyelela kwabangama-60% abesifazane besala ngaphandle kwenzalo.
Ngisho nasebusika, izimpungushe ziqala ukufuna izindawo ukuze zizale izilwane ezincane, futhi zizigade ngentshiseko. Izimbobo ezingenamuntu ngalesi sikhathi empeleni azikho, uma kwenzeka kushona owesifazane oyedwa, indawo yakhe yokuhlala ithatha enye. Owesifazane uvame ukunakekelwa ngabesilisa ababili noma abathathu, kuba nokuxabana kwegazi phakathi kwabo.
Izimpungushe zingabazali abahle. Abesilisa bayabamba iqhaza emfundweni yezingane, futhi banakekele nezintombi zangaphambi kokuvela kwezimpungushe. Bahlomisa imisele, babambe ngisho namazeze aqhamuka kwabesifazane. Esimweni sokushona kukayise, enye indoda eyedwa iyithatha indawo yayo, kwesinye isikhathi izimpungushe zilwe ngokwazo ilungelo lokuba ngubaba wokutholwa.
Ukukhulelwa kwezimpungushe kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-49-58. Esihlahleni, kunezinhlobo ezisukela ku-6 kuya ku-12- 13 imidlwane embozwe izinwele ezimnyama nsundu. Ngaphandle, afanana namawundlu ezimpisi, kepha ahlukile kusihloko esimhlophe somsila. Emavikini amabili eminyaka, izimpungushe ziqala ukubona nokuzwa, amazinyo azo okuqala aqhuma. Bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza ekukhulisweni kwezimpungushe. Ubaba nomama baqaphela kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi, futhi uma kwenzeka kusongelwa, amathole azodluliselwa ngqo emgodini wokubhuka. Kufanele futhi bazingele ubusuku nemini ukondla izingane. Imidlwane emincane iqala ukulunyulwa kushesha ivela "endlini" futhi ihlangana kakhulu nayo, isencane kakhulu.
Inyanga nesigamu, umama wondla amawundlu akhe ngobisi, ngaphezu kwalokho, abazali bajwayela kancane kancane amawundlu ukudla okuvamile, kanye nokukuthola. Ngokushesha, izimpungushe esezikhulile ziqala ukuhamba zizingela noyise nonina, zidlala phakathi kwabo, zihlasela abadala, kwesinye isikhathi zibeke wonke umndeni engozini. Cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha zidlulile kusukela esikhathini sokuqalisa ukuya ekuphumeni kokugcina. Ngokwindla, izimpungushe sezikhulile ngokuphelele futhi zingaphila ngokuzimela. Abesilisa bahamba amakhilomitha angama-20- 40, izinsikazi zingu-10- 10, kuyaqabukela amakhilomitha angama-30, bafuna isiza no-pair. Abanye besifazane ngonyaka olandelayo baqala ukuzala, noma kunjalo, bafinyelela ebusheni beneminyaka emibili.
Ukuziphatha
Impungushe ihamba buthule ilandela umugqa oqondile, ishiye uchungechunge lwamathrekhi olucacile. Isilwane esishaqekile singagijima ngokushesha okukhulu, endaweni enyakazayo noma ngokuhlakazeka ngokoqobo ngenhla komhlaba, silule umsila waso ngokuphelele. Emizweni ye-fox, umqondo othuthuke kakhulu wephunga nokuzwa. Umbono we-fox uhlelelwe ubumnyama lapho kusebenza khona izimpungushe eziningi. Njengabazingeli abaningi, izimpungushe ziphendula kahle lapho zihamba, kepha ungayiboni imibala kahle, ikakhulukazi phakathi nosuku, ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, impungushe ingasondela kakhulu kumuntu ohleli noma omi ngasohlangothini lomoya.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula futhi usesimweni sokuthaba, impungushe yenza amagxolo amakhulu, izimpungushe zihlaba umunyu lapho zilwa. Ngokusho kwezwi, insikazi nowesilisa bahlukile: insikazi yenza “ukukhumula” kathathu, iphetha ngokuhewula okufushane, ukukhonkotha kwabesilisa ngendlela yenja, kodwa kungakhali.
Izimpungushe eziningi, ikakhulukazi ezincane, zilala esigangeni usuku lonke, uma zitholakala eduze kwehlathi futhi zigcwele ngamagundane. Ngaphambi kokuzinza ngaphansi kwesihlahla noma ishubhu, impungushe, eqandisiwe endaweni, ihlola indawo ezungezile isikhathi eside ukuze ibe yingozi. Ngemuva kwalokho uyakhuphuka, amboze ikhala nezidladla ngomsila wakhe, kepha ngaphambi kokulala, ubheka isifunda amahlandla amaningi. Futhi, izimpungushe zithanda ukuphumula emathangeni aminyene, ezigodini nakwezinye izindawo ezingenakufinyeleleka.
Izimpungushe zizingela ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zosuku, noma kunjalo, zincamela ekuseni kakhulu kuze kuhlwe, futhi lapho zingaxoshwa, zihlangana phakathi nosuku, ngaphandle kokuthola ukukhathazeka lapho zihlangana nomuntu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lezi zilwane ziqaphile ngokweqile futhi zinekhono elimangalisayo lokucasha nokujaha ithrekhi - yingakho ezingxenyeni zabantu abaningi i-fox ingumbfanekiso wobuciko nobuqili (bona ikhombisa kubuciko).
Izimpungushe ezihlala eduze kwezindlela zokuhamba izintaba, izindlu ezigibela, ezindaweni lapho ukuzingela kungavunyelwe khona, zisheshe zisetshenziselwe ukuba khona komuntu, zitholakala kalula ekudleni futhi ziyakwazi ukucela.
Izimpungushe kucatshangwa ukuthi zinomqondo kazibuthe.
Inani lezomnotho
Impungushe ibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho njengesilwane esibalulekile esinezithwele, kanye nomlawuli wenani lamagundane nezinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umonakalo odalwa yizimpungushe nezinyoni zomdlalo ungaphansi kakhulu kwezinzuzo ezizilethayo, uchitha amagundane - abathengi bez okusanhlamvu.
Izimpungushe ngokukhethekile zoboya ziyazalelwa ekudingisweni. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX, izinhlobo zezimpungushe zesiliva-ezimnyama (ezimnyama-ezinsundu) zafuzwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngenxa yokukhethwa, ikhwalithi yoboya yathuthuka kakhulu (ngokuqhathaniswa nohlobo lwasendle) kulolu hlobo lokuzalela, futhi ezinye izinhlobo zohlobo oluthile zoboya ngokusekelwe kulo zazalwa: iplatinamu, iBakurian, iDakot nabanye.
ENingizimu yeYurophu, izimpungushe zasendle yizona ezithwala kakhulu igciwane lamarabi, ngakho-ke zigonywa yonke indawo.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zezimpungushe
Lezi zilwane zingabanikazi besizulu esikhanyayo, umsila oshubile, izindlebe ezikhonjelwe ngosayizi omaphakathi nemilenze ngezingubo ezingenakuphikwa. Ngalezi zibonakaliso, izimpungushe zihlobene kakhulu nezimpisi. Kepha kukhona okubanika ukufana nabamele abomndeni wekati, okungukuthi, ukuhlelwa okuqondile kwabafundi.
I-fox ebomvu (i-Vulpes vulpes).
Zonke izinhlobo zezimpungushe zithwala uboya obuntofontofo, zinomgogodla omncane futhi zifudumele ngaphansi kwangaphansi. Iningi labamele leli qembu linombala ofanayo. Ijazi loboya lingaba nsundu, limhlophe, liphuzi, libomvu. Isifunda sesisu somzimba sinemibala ekhanyayo. Izindlebe nomsila osekupheleni kunamamaki amnyama.
Ngokuqondene nosayizi wezimpungushe, ubude bomzimba obuphakathi busuka kwamasentimitha angama-30 kuya kumitha eli-1, futhi lezi zilwane zinesisindo kusuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-10 kilos. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo ngalunye lunobuningi bawo nobude bawo.
Ukuzingela impungushe
Abamele izimpungushe ezihlala ezindaweni ezipholile zihamba zizingela isikhathi sasemini nakusihlwa. Izakhamizi zezindawo ezishisayo zezulu zithanda ukulinda ukushisa kosuku endaweni yazo epholile, bese zilandela inyamazane ngemuva kokushona kwelanga.
Ekufuneni inyamazane.
Lezi zilwane zinokuzwa okuhle nokuzwa kwephunga. Imvamisa, izimpungushe zihamba ngesinyathelo esincane sokuphoqa, kepha engcupheni zingagijima ngokushesha okukhulu. Lezi zilwane zihlukaniswa nezimpisi ngokwazi ukugibela izihlahla.
Lwela insikazi.
Njengokudla, izimpungushe zikhetha izinduku, okhalweni, amasele, ama-hedgehogs, izinyoni, izibungu nezinhlanzi. Bahlukanisa imenyu yabo ngokudla kwezitshalo, ngokwesibonelo, bangajabulela amajikijolo amnandi nezitshalo ezinoshukela.
I-Bengal fox
Lobuhle bunomzimba omncane obukekayo - onesisindo esingu-3.5 kg bufika ku-55-60 cm ubude, ubukhulu bomsila onesihloko esimnyama bufika kuma-35 cm.Imilenze yakhe yinde ngokuhlobene nomzimba kunezinye izimpungushe eziningi. Umbala uhluka kusuka kubomvu wesihlabathi kuya ku-terracotta. Ihlala kuphela eHindustan, eduze kwezintaba zaseHimalayan, kuhlala eNepal, eBanglandi naseNdiya ngaseningizimu impela.
Igcina izinkuni ezinwebekile, ingakhuphuka izintaba ifike kumamitha ayi-1400. Ukudla kwakheka ngaphansi kwezidalwa zasendaweni - ama-arthropods, ezihuquzelayo, izinyoni namaqanda. Ithanda ukudlela izithelo. E-fauna, uhlala iminyaka eyi-10. Kuyinto efiselekayo yokuzingela ngenxa yoboya obuthuntu, ngaphandle kwamazinyo, izilenge nenyama yomphangi isetshenziswa ekwelapheni kwakwamanye amazwe.
Korsak
Ukufana kwangaphandle kwe-fox ejwayelekile kuhluka kuphela ngoboya obukhanyayo, ukuphela komsila omnyama kanye nesigaxa esincanyana. Ihlala eningizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu nase-Asia. Ingena ezindaweni ezine-fox yase-Afghan, ihluke kuyo nge-chin elula nobude bomsila omfishane.
Igcina izindawo ezinotshani obunamaphethelo emincane, izintaba ezithandekayo nezindawo eziwugwadule, zomile ehlobo, hhayi iqhwa kakhulu ebusika. Indawo yesiza somndeni ingafinyelela kuma-sq 50. Km, imvamisa ngomaka wensimu, isabalalisa izindlela ezihlotshisiwe nezimbobo zezinyembezi enetheni. Bahlala emindenini enjengezimpungushe, futhi ibuye ibe munye.
Ngemuva kokuvuthwa, izizukulwane ezizayo ziyahlakazeka ngezindlela ezihlukile. Kepha, kubanda kakhulu, umndeni uyahlangana. Ebusika, bathuthela ezindaweni ezivundile kakhudlwana futhi abesabi ukuya ezindaweni. Izitha zabo emvelweni kanye nabancintisana nabo endaweni yokudla bayimpungushe ejwayelekile kanye nephisi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuzingela uboya, ngoba kunesikhumba esicebile. Ngokwemvelo, uphila iminyaka eyi-6-8.
I-sand fox
Ubukhulu buncane, isakhiwo somzimba sihle, umsila we-fluffy unobude obude kangangokuba le fox iyaphoqelelwa ukuyidonsela phansi emhlabathini. Umbala ujwayelekile kwezindawo ahlala kuzo - amathoni enesihlabathi esinomucu onsundu eduze komsila nesisu esicishe sibe mhlophe. Indawo yokuhlala yiSahara, inyakatho kanye nengxenye maphakathi ne-Afrika, iNhlonhlo yase-Arabia kanye ne-Middle East.
U-expedes onamadwala nesihlabathi - into yakhe yokuzalwa. Umnikazi wezindlebe ezinkulu impela, unamaphampu woboya obukhulu emilenzeni evikela esihlabathini esishisayo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kutholakala kuzo zonke izimpungushe ezihlala emazweni ashisayo.
Njengabahlali abaningi bezingwadule, liyakwazi isikhathi eside ukungaphuzi amanzi, lithole umswakama odingekayo ekudleni. Banendlela ekhethekile uhlelo lokuchama oluhlelwe ngayo, olungavumeli ukufakwa njalo. Kwezinye izifunda kugcwele impungushe emsundu, ithobele ngosayizi. U-Israyeli ubhekwa njengohlobo oluvikelwe.
Ngabe sidla impungushe ngemvelo?
Ngabe sidlani impungushe ehlathini layo? Njengoba sabhala ngenhla, impungushe - isilwane esidliwayo nokudla kwayo kuyizilwane ezincane ezahlukahlukene - amagundane ahlukahlukene (amagundane wensimu, ama-squirrel omhlaba), ama hares, izinyoni ezidla phansi emhlabathini. Impungushe ayiyideleli i-carrion, kanye nokunye okusele ngemuva kwezinye izinyamazane (izimpisi, amabhere), ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka ebusika, lapho ukubamba izilwane ezintsha kuba yinkinga kakhulu.
Izimpungushe ezihlala ezifundeni ezingama-steppe nazo zingadla izinambuzane ezinkulu ezinkulu (amabhungane, amasimu, izinkumbi), amasele. Uma kunomfula oseduze, khona-ke impungushe ngeke ilahlekelwe yithuba lokudla inhlanzi. Ehlobo, imenyu yezimpungushe ihlukahlukene ngezithelo ezahlukahlukene, amajikijolo, izithelo, ngoba, njengamabhere, izimpungushe ziyizilwane ezihlasimulisayo.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: ngesikhathi sokuzingela, impungushe ingafinyelela isivinini esingafika ku-50 km ngehora.
I-Tibetan fox
Uma uhlangabezana isithombe se-fox, unaka masinyane umdlwenguli waseTibetan. Ubuso bakhe bubukeka bunobuningi ngenxa yoxhaxha olunzima olungemuva kwentamo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-fangs aqala ukuphuma emlonyeni, makhulu kunezinye izimpungushe. Uboya bukhwebile, bugqinsi, futhi bungaphansi kweshizi. Ukubukeka kukhumbuza ngokwengeziwe impisi, ene-squint yesimilo.
Umzimba ungafika ku-70 cm ubude, umsila we-fluffy ufinyelela isigamu semitha. Isisindo singama-5.5 kg. Lesi sidlakela sibambelela ethafeni laseTibetan, selikhethe izindawo ezingamahlane. Inyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNdiya nengxenye yeChina kuyindawo yayo yokuhlala. Ingabonakala ezintabeni ifinyelela ku-5500m. Kuhlala lapho kutholakala khona ukudla kwakhe okuthandayo - ipika.
Ngakho-ke, sekunyamalale kusuka kwezinye izindawo zaseChina, lapho izinkampani ezifaka ubuthi zibanjwa khona. Ifaka ukudla kwakho nakho konke okuzoheha ukunakwa. Uboya bezimpungushe busetshenziselwa ukwenza izigqoko, yize kungenanzuzo encane. Usongo olukhulu kubo yizinja zabahlali bendawo. Uhlala ezilwaneni iminyaka engaba mi-5, kwizilwane zasekhaya - iminyaka engama-8-10.
UFenech
Ingane enezindlebe ezinkulu ezihlala enyakatho yezwekazi lase-Afrika. Ama-fenech mancane ngosayizi kunamanye amakati asekhaya. Umzimba ufinyelela ku-40 cm ubude, umsila u-30 cm, Isidlakudla esincane sinesisindo esingaba ngu-1.5 kg. Ngobukhulu obuncane obunjalo, ama-auricles awo afinyelela ukuphakama okungu-15 cm, ngenxa yalokho, aqashelwa njengabakhulu kunabo bonke phakathi kwezilwane ezidla ezinye uma ziqhathaniswa nekhanda.
Uboya bukhulu futhi buthambile, izinwele zinde, unyawo lubanzi ukuvikelwa esihlabathini esishisayo. Bahlala esihlabathini esishisayo, bahlala eduze kwezihlahla ezincanyana. "Kuyakhulunywa kakhulu", kuhlale kuculwa omunye nomunye. Njengazo zonke izimpungushe, zingakhonkotha, zikhale, zikhale noma zikhale lapho zixhumana. Umsindo ngamunye uveza imizwa yawo.
Ama-Flocks aphila ngabantu abangu-10-15. Zindala kakhulu futhi zigugile, zingagxuma ziye kufinyelela kuma-cm angama-70. Akuvamisile ukuba zidliwe yizilwane ezinkulu, ngoba izindlebe zazo ezinkulu zizwa kahle ukusondela kwengozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zingane zinomqondo okhule kahle wephunga kanye nombono.
Impungushe yaseNingizimu Afrika
Igama uqobo lwalo lithi lesi sidlakudla sihlala izifunda eziseningizimu ne-Afrika. Uqhubeka ezindaweni ezivulekile zasogwadule. I-Woodland iyakugwema. Inamapharamitha aphakathi nendawo (kufika ku-60 cm ubude) nesisindo (kufika ku-5 kg). Uboya obumpunga nobusiliva ngemuva bumunikeza igama lesidlaliso "impungushe yesiliva", ezinhlangothini nasesiswini kuvame ukwenzeka ngopende ophuzi.
Umbala woboya ubumnyama kakhulu futhi ulula, kuye ngezimo zokuphila nokudla. Umsila ekugcineni uhlala umnyama. Ngaphakathi kwezindlebe ezinkulu, izinwele ezikhanyayo. Zigcinwa zodwa, izithandani zakhiwa ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuzala nokuphakela izingane, owesilisa ushiya umndeni. Njengezimpungushe eziningi, zingama-omnivores. Kuliqiniso, lokhu kudla kunqunyelwe kakhulu ngenxa yokushoda kwezilwane.
Kulokhu, uhlobo lwezimpungushe zeqiniso lungabhekwa njengevaliwe. Okulandelayo, sizobheka izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimpungushe, ezibizwa ngokuthi "ngamanga". Ake siqale nge-monotypic - inhlobo ngayinye inolunye uhlobo.
I-Arctic fox
Ibizwa ngokuthi i-arctic noma i-polar fox, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ifakwa eqenjini elijwayelekile lezimpungushe. Kepha lokhu kuseyizinhlobo ezihlukile zohlobo lwe-Arctic fox. Isisindo somzimba nesisindo esiseduze naleso se-fox ejwayelekile, sincane kuphela. Kepha umzimba u-stocky xaxa ngokuqhathaniswa nokukopela okubomvu. Phakathi kwemibala, okumhlophe nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuyabonakala.
Zombili lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinomthunzi ohlukile oboya ngezikhathi ezihlukile zonyaka. Isilwane esimhlophe siba mpunga ehlobo, futhi sibukeka njengesingcolile. Isikhumba sobusika sesilo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwesinye isikhathi sivame ukuba namalahle ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nekhofi ngesiliva. Ehlobo, umbala uba bomvu-grey noma onsundu onsundu.
Ihlala ogwini olusenyakatho yezwekazi lethu, iMelika kanye nezinto zaseBrithani, kanye naseziqhingini zolwandle olubandayo ngaphesheya kwe-Arctic Circle. Ukukhetha izikhala ezivulekile ze-tundra. Idla kuwo wonke umuntu, njengezimpungushe, kodwa amagundane, yize ingahlasela ihlumela. Musa ukudelela izidumbu zezinhlanzi ogwini.
Uyawathanda ama-weggberry kanye nolwandle. Imvamisa zingabonakala ezinhlangothini zamabhere amnyama, zithathe izinsalela zokudla eziqwini. Imisele imba enhlabathini evulekile yamagquma esihlabathi. Bahlala emindenini, bakha umbhangqwana munye naphakade. Isikhathi sokuphila seminyaka engu-6-10. Isilo somdlalo obalulekile, ikakhulukazi impungushe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
UMikong
I-Savannah fox, omunye wohlobo. Kwesinye isikhathi kungaba nephutha ukuthi i-jackal encane elinganiselwa ku-70 cm ubude futhi inesisindo esifinyelela ku-8 kg. Impunga enesembozo sesiliva, noboya obufusayo, kwesinye isikhathi iboshwe ngoboya obomvu, umsila ogelezayo, umucu ocishe umnyama ugijimela emuva nomsila. Ezinhlangothini izindawo ezibonakalayo zombala wokukhanya.
Ihlala emathafeni anezinkuni notshani, ihlala esifundeni esisempumalanga nasenyakatho nengxenye yezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika. Iyondla, njengezinye izimpungushe, cishe kuwo wonke umuntu. Kepha kulesi silo, ama-invertebrates asolwandle nama-crustaceans angena ekudleni. Kungakho igama elithi "fox-crabeater."
Uyakujabulela ukudla imifino, izithelo namajikijolo. Imisele ngokwayo ayimbiwa, imvamisa kuhlala abantu ongabazi. Bangabelana insimu nesihlobo esithile. Izithombo ezingaphansi kwenani lemidlwane engu-2-4 zikhiqizwa kabili ngonyaka, inani eliphakeme lokuzala liwela ezinyangeni zokuqala zonyaka. Bangaki abaphila ngemvelo abangasunguliwe, ekudingisweni bangaphila iminyaka eyi-11.
Impungushe encane
Isizungu esilandelayo sohlobo lwaso. Ihlala e-Amazon yaseBrazil. Abalungisi selva - amahlathi omswakama wethropiki, angakhuphukela ezintabeni aze afike ku-2 km. Umbala wangemuva ubomvu-grey noma umnyama, isisu sinombala ophuzi, umsila onsundu. Kukhona ulwelwesi phakathi kweminwe, yingakho isiphetho sokuthi lesi silo sibhukuda kahle futhi sihole ubukhona bemvelo yasemanzini.
Amathiphu we-fangs avele ngisho nasemlonyeni ovaliwe. Isisulu siyimfihlo, sihlala sodwa, ngokwesibili sichitha inkathi yokuzalela kuphela. Ukuzama ukungasondeli kumuntu, bekungajwayelekile ukubonwa eduzane nemizana. Ekuthunjweni, ekuqaleni kunolaka, khona-ke kungadanjiswa.
I-Big Eared Fox
Ihluke ku-fox ejwayelekile ngosayizi abancane nezindlebe ezinkulu ngokungahlukani. Ubukhulu bama-auricles cishe ukuphakama okungama-13 cm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banesisekelo esibanzi, ngakho-ke abukeka emuhle futhi azithethelela ngokuphelele igama lezinhlobo. Umbala woboya bumswayi onesihlabathi, amabala esiliva, ilanga kanye namabala ansundu.
Intamo nesisu cishe zimhlophe. Isibalo sihlotshiswe ngemaski, ecishe ifane ne-raccoon. Izindlebe nezindlebe kumathiphu kumnyama, eceleni komsila kukhona umugqa wombala wamalahle. Uhlala ezingxenyeni ezimbili ezihlukene zezwekazi lase-Afrika: empumalanga usuka e-Ethiopia uye eTanzania futhi eningizimu e-Angola, eningizimu yeZambia naseNingizimu Afrika.
Ukuvinjelwa okunjalo kwebanga kuhlotshaniswa nokuba khona kwalezi zindawo zokudla kwakhe okuyisisekelo - amashubhu e-herbivorous. Ukudla okuseleyo kuthola kulokho akutholayo. Le mpungushe akuyona eyodwa kuphela yohlobo lwayo, kodwa futhi nomndeni wayo.
Futhi kusuka ku-wolf subfamily, kusalokhu kucatshangelwa amaqembu amabili kuphela ama-clan - izimpungushe zaseNingizimu Melika nezimpunga. Okokuqala, ake ubheke ukuthi iyiphi impungushe ebizwa ngokuthi isibabule.
Impungushe empunga
Uhlobo lwezimpungushe ezingwevu zifaka izinhlobo ezi-2 - izimpungushe ezingwevu nezesiqhingi. Isisulu sokuqala sincane, sinemilenze emifushane kune-fox ebomvu, ngakho-ke sibukeka sincane kunalokho. Kepha umsila wobuhle obumpunga ucebile futhi mkhulu kunalowo oyimbangi. I-undercoat ayisixinene kangako, ngakho-ke isimo sezulu esibandayo asimfanele, wakhetha ingxenye ephakathi neningizimu yezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika ngokuziphilisa.
Uboya emuva buyisiliva, kunomucu omnyama emzimbeni wonke nomsila. Izinhlangothi zibomvu mnyama, isisu simhlophe. Isici esibonakalayo umugqa omnyama ngaphesheya kwesihlazo, unqamula ekhaleni futhi udlulele ngalé kwamehlo kuya emathempelini. Agijime futhi akhuphuke kahle izihlahla, okubizwa ngalo ngokuthi "ukhuni fox».
Isiqhingi sesiqhingi
Isifo Iziqhingi Zesiteshi, esisogwini lweCalifornia. (* I-Endemic - uhlobo oluhlukile kule ndawo). Kuluhlobo lwezinhlobo zezimpungushe ezingwevu, ngakho-ke ziyefana kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu babahlali besiqhingi bancane kakhulu; bangabhekwa njengesibonelo esijwayelekile sokwehla kwesiqhingi. Isitha esikhulu e-fauna ukhozi lwegolide. Izimpungushe zaseNingizimu Melika zifaka izinhlobo ezi-6. Kuyajabulisa ukuthi cishe bonke abantu bendawo banegama lesibili elithi "zorro" - "fox".
I-Paraguayan fox
Isilo siphakathi ngosayizi ngombala ongalingani womzimba. Ngaphezulu nangezinhloko zekhanda, ijazi libomvu, emuva kumnyama kumnyama, umhlathi ongezansi ucishe waba mhlophe, phezulu, amahlombe nezinhlangothi kungwevu.
Umugqa wezinwele ezinsundu-onsundu ugijimela kuwo wonke umzimba nomsila, ichopho lomsila limnyama. Emilenzeni wangemuva kunesici esimnyama esimile ohlangothini lwasemuva. Hhayi kuphela ngamagundane, izinambuzane nezinyoni, kodwa nezidalwa eziyingozi ngokwengeziwe - izibabuli, izinyoka nezinyoka kungaba yinto yazo.
Impungushe yaseBrazil
Umbala womzimba ongaphezulu uphonswa ngesiliva, yingakho ubizwa ngokuthi “impungushe egrey”. Ingxenye engezansi yesikhilimu noma yomthunzi wefawn. Ngaphezulu kunendlela "ye-fox" - umucu omude wobude.
Izindlebe nezinkalo zangaphandle zibomvu, umhlathi ophansi umnyama. Kukhona izimpungushe ezimnyama ngokuphelele. Ihlala ama-savannas, izindawo ezinamahlathi nezinezintaba eningizimu nentshonalanga yeBrazil. Imenyu iphethwe yizinambuzane, njengoba kufakazelwa amazinyo amancane esilo.
Andean fox
Isakhamuzi saseNingizimu Melika, esasibanjelwe ngasosebeni olusentshonalanga lwe-Andes. Phakathi kwezilwane ezidla ezinye, ithatha indawo yesibili ngenombolo, inikeze impisi enamadoda. Uthanda amahlathi anezihlahla eziqabulayo, kanye nesimo sezulu esingesihle.
Ngokubukeka - i-fox ejwayelekile egqoke ijazi elimpunga noma elibomvu. Emilenzeni, uboya bujika bube bomvu, bese kuthi esilevini kuphenduke umhlophe. Ithrekhi "impungushe" eligunyaziwe ngemuva nangemsila. Ukudla okunempilo, ukuzala kabusha, indlela yokuphila ihlukile kancane kwezinye izinhlobo.
I-South American fox
Ingwevu yase-Argentina impungushe noma i-grey zorro, ezinze eningizimu yeSouth America, ngoba abaphilayo bangazikhetha izihlahlana ezomile zaseArgentina, namathafa asedamini lasePatagonia, kanye namahlathi ashisayo aseChile. Ezinye izazi zikubheka njengezinhlobo ezijwayelekile nezinhlobonhlobo zeParaguay, kepha kuze kube manje sezibizwa njengeqembu elihlukile le-taxonomic.
I-Darwin fox
Lezi zimpungushe manje sezicishe zanyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba. Batholwe nguDarwin esiqhingini saseChililoe ngasogwini lwaseChile.Isikhathi eside babonwa njengengxenye yesiqhingi seqembu laseNingizimu Melika. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lincane kunomzala wezwekazi, lunobuya obumnyama kakhulu, futhi izinhlobo azihlangani.
Umbala ungwevu omnyama, onemibala ebomvu ekhanda. Isilwane sasehlathini esijwayelekile esihlala ehlathini elinomswakama. Idla kuwo wonke umuntu, ihlala yodwa, idala umbhangqwana phakathi nesikhathi sokuzala.
I-securan fox
Izimpungushe ezincane kunazo zonke zaseNingizimu Melika. Ukuphila ogwini olusentshonalanga yeNingizimu Melika, kuthatha ingxenye encane yePeru ne-Ecuador. Uhla lwayo luphakathi kwamahlathi nogwadule. Kwezinye izindawo kuyaphazamiseka lapho kuhanjiswa khona ukudla nalabo abancintisana nabo - Izidlamlilo zase-Andean naseNingizimu Melika.
Zimbalwa izitha zemvelo, i-cougar ne-jaguar kuphela, kepha azikho eziningi zazo ezisele kulezo zindawo. Kepha umuntu usongo olukhulu. Isikhumba sakhe sisetshenziselwa ukwenza amulethi kanye nemikhiqizo yezandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uvame ukushaywa ukuhlaselwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo.
I-Falkland fox
Okwamanje, lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengoluphelile. Umhlaseli kwakuwukuphela kwezilwane ezincelisayo emhlabeni waseFalkland Islands. Wayenobuya obunsundu obomvu, umsila obomvu onompipi omnyama kanye noboya obumhlophe esiswini sakhe.
Wayengenazitha zemvelo, futhi waqothulwa ngabantu ngenxa yokukhohlakala kwakhe. Inhloso yalaba bazingeli kwakuwukuluka koboya besilwane obukhulu nobuthambile. Okwamanje, kubonakala kuphela eMnyuziyamu waseLondon njengesilwane esigcotshisiwe.
I-Cozumel fox
Uhlobo oluncane olwaziwa izimpungushe olusondele ekuqothulweni. Ukubonwa kokugcina okwaziwa kwenzeka ngo-2001 esiQhondweni saseCozumel, eMexico. Kepha akufundwa futhi akuchazwa izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ngaphandle kufana ne-fox empunga, incane kuphela. Kungenzeka ukuthi izinhlobo zakheka njengesiqhingi, zahlukaniswa ne-fox empunga. Futhi njenganoma isiphi isehlakalo esiyingqayizivele, yikhophi elimfishane lesibonelo.
I-Symenskaya fox (impungushe yaseTopiya)
Izinhlobo ezingandile emndenini we-canine. Isikhathi eside wafakwa eqenjini le-fox, ngakho-ke asikhulume kancane ngaye. Ifana nazo zonke izimpungushe, uboya obomvu bumnyama, isigaxa esidala nomsila omuhle. Isisu, ngaphambili kwentamo nama-paws amhlophe, isipikili somsila omnyama. Ngokungafani nezimpungushe, zihlala emaphaketheni hhayi emindenini.
Ama-Faves awumndeni, aholwa ngumholi wesilisa onabafazi nezingane eziningana endaweni yakhe. Isigaba sesibili imihlambi yabesilisa abangashadile. Kubhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu njengohlobo olusengozini yokuphela.
Zonke lezi zinhlobo zezimpungushe ezingenhla zabelana ngekhwalithi efanayo - ziyafana kakhulu, umehluko awunalutho kangangokuba kwesinye isikhathi kucatshangwa ukuthi lesi yisilo esisodwa sobuqili esihlabe umhlaba wonke futhi siguqeka ngaphansi kwangempela eliseduze.
Indlela yokuphila ye-Fox
Izimpungushe zivame ukuphuma ebusuku, zicashe emiseleni yazo phakathi nosuku, futhi zizingele ebusuku. Lokhu kusungulwa yisici sombono wabo, okuvumela ukuthi ubone kahle ebusuku.
Izimpungushe zihlala, njengomthetho, zihlala, kwesinye isikhathi zibe zimbili noma ezintathu, futhi zinendawo yazo, ekhonjwe ngokuphuma kwazo.
Izitha ze-Fox
Emvelweni, impungushe ayinazo izitha eziningi, ingozi ethile ingaqhamuka kuzimpisi ezifanayo namabhere, kodwa kuphela uma i-fox isingena ngokungenasono ezilwaneni sayo. Futhi-ke, isitha esiyinhloko se-fox (njengezinye izilwane eziningi) siyisisulu esiyingozi kakhulu - umuntu. Izimpungushe eziningi zaqothulwa abazingeli kanye nabazingeli ngenxa yoboya bazo bobuhlalu, obalandela ngokuhamba phambili emajatsheni oboya.
Kungani ubuhlakani be-fox?
Kungani impungushe ibizwa ngokuthi ubuqili? Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi idumela elibi elinjalo lalinamathiselwe ngenxa yemikhuba yalezi zilwane ngesikhathi sokuzingela. Iqiniso ngukuthi impungushe ihlala ingena ngobuqili ibambe inyamazane yayo, ibuke ngesineke amahora amaningi endaweni yokuqamekelana eduze komgodi onogwaja, futhi lapho kubonakala sengathi inyamazane ethile ibonakala, ibonakala ngobuhlakani bayo kakhulu futhi ngejubane lombani liyayibamba ngamazinyo ayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpungushe ziyizingcweti ezihle kakhulu zokudida iminonjana nokubalekela izinto ezilandelwayo, ziguqula ngokuqinile indlela eya lapho zihamba khona, mhlawumbe ngenxa yalawa makhono nemikhuba, i-epithet "ubuqili" sekuyisikhathi eside inamathele ku-fox.
Impungushe yaseMelika
Impungushe yaseMelika ihlala kuphela endaweni yezwekazi laseMelika emazweni aseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-USA nasenyakatho neMexico. Inobukhulu obuphakathi: ubude bomzimba wayo buvela kuma-37 kuye kuma-50 cm. Ngemuva kwalolu hlobo lwe-fox kudwetshwe ngamathoni aphuzi grey. Isici esibonakalayo sempungushe yaseMelika ukuba khona kwensipho emnyama emsileni.
I-Steppe fox (corsac)
Le mpungushe ifana kakhulu ne-fox ejwayelekile, kepha ngokungafaniyo ine-muzzle ekhombe kakhulu, imilenze emide nezindlebe ezibanzi. Kepha ubukhulu bukhulu, ubude bomzimba bungama-0.5-0.6 m, kanti isisindo ngu-4-6 kg. Inombala wejazi elilula kanye nombala omnyama noma onsundu onsundu wesipele somsila. I-steppex fox ihlala emazweni amaningi, kusukela eningizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu kuye e-Asia, kufaka phakathi i-Iran, Kazakhstan, iMongolia neAzerbaijan.
Fox ekhaya: ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa
Uma ufuna ukweqiwa, ke esikhundleni sekati noma inja ejwayelekile, ungathola ikhaya ne-fox, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi okuqukethwe yilezi zilwane kunemithetho eminingana:
- Ikheji le-fox kumele libanzi ukuze likwazi ukwenza umhume lapho.
- Kufanele futhi kube nomuntu ophuzayo ekheji ukuze impungushe ingazizwa yomile.
- Kungenzeka futhi kudingekile ukuthi uhlanganyele ekuziqeqeshweni ne-fox, ngakho-ke ngeke ikhungatheke futhi izokwazi ukunamathela ngokushesha kubanikazi bayo, njengenja, esinye isihlobo esikude.
- Kodwa-ke, imidlalo ye-fox enolunya ayinconywa; ingakuluma.
- Ehlobo, izimpungushe zinganikeza iphunga elinamandla kakhulu futhi elingathandeki, limane ukunuka, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka ukuthi kugezwe okungenani kanye njalo emavikini amabili.
- Lapho ugcina impungushe ekhaya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nodokotela wezilwane omuhle ozohlola isilwane sakho esingajwayelekile.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngezimpungushe
- Kwabanye abantu ezikhathini zasendulo kwakuyizikhumba ze-fox ezazisebenza njengemali.
- Iqiniso lokuthi impungushe iliqhwaga elijwayelekile lezinganekwane eziningi aliyona izindaba kumuntu, kodwa kuyathakazelisa ukuthi eMesophothamiya wasendulo wayehlonishwa njengesilwane esingcwele.
- EJapan yangesikhathi esidlule, impungushe ngezinye izikhathi yayibhekwa njenge -wwolf yangempela.
- Ukuzwa kwezimpungushe kunamandla kangangokuba uyakwazi ukuzwa ukudonsa kwegundane lensimu kude ngamamitha ayi-100.
- Mhlawumbe ufunda le ndatshana usebenzisa isiphequluli seMozilla Firefox, uphawu lwayo okuyi-heroine yethu yamanje, impungushe.
Ihlala kuphi impungushe ejwayelekile?
Photo: Animal fox ejwayelekile
Indawo yemvelo yezimpungushe ezijwayelekile ibanzi impela. Lezi zilwane zihlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, e-Asia, eNyakatho Afrika naseNyakatho Melika. Wethulwa futhi waqashelwa e-Australia. Manje isilwane esinjalo sesisabalale cishe kulo lonke izwekazi. Ukukhishwa yizindawo ezitholakala enyakatho. E-Europe, kukhona okungaba yishumi nanhlanu subspecies yalo mbhangi, nakwamanye amazwe - angaphezu kwamashumi amathathu.
Emazweni angenhla, izimpungushe zitholakala kuzo zonke izindawo zomhlaba nezindawo. Bazizwa bemnandi eTundra, i-steppe, ugwadule, ezintabeni, amahlathi angaphansi komhlaba. Ngasikhathi sinye, bazivumelanisa kalula nezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene. Okuhlukile kungaba yizindawo kuphela ezinomswakama ophezulu kakhulu. Ubuningi babahlali bezilwane ezindaweni ezihluke ngokuphelele.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngaphandle kokuguquguquka okuphezulu kwezimpungushe, inani elikhulu lazo libonakale emahlathini ase-steppe, ezindaweni ezise-steppe. Bathanda indawo evulekile, ngaphandle kwenganekwane yokuthi izilwane ezinjalo zihlala kuphela ehlathini eliminyene.
Iningi labantu balaba bantu abahlaselayo bahlala endle. Kodwa-ke, izimpungushe eziningi ngokuqhubekayo zingatholakala eduze nemizana, amadolobha, amadolobhana. Abantu abangashadile babonwa ngisho nabantu ezingxenyeni eziphakathi zamadolobha amakhulu. Izimpungushe zivumelane ngokuphelele nezimo ezinjalo. Bathola ukudla kwabo emapaki, ezingaphansi kwezakhiwo zokuhlala, ezindlini ezifuywe emadolobheni, ezakhiweni zezolimo.
Ngabe sidlani impungushe ejwayelekile?
Isithombe: I-fox ebomvu
Izimpungushe zingabazingeli abajwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, ukudla kwabo kubanzi. Ngokusho kososayensi, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amane zokudla kwezilwane nezinhlobo eziyishumi zokudla kwezitshalo ezifakiwe ekudleni kwabantu abadala.
Kodwa-ke, izimpungushe ezivame kakhulu zidla lokhu okulandelayo:
- Amacici amancane. Zingabizwa ngokuthi yisisekelo sokondleka kwalezi zilwane. Izimpungushe kaningi zidla inyama yegundane. Ososayensi baqaphela ukuthi isimo senani lezimpungushe esifundeni esithile kuya ngesibalo nokutholakala kwamagundane amancane
- Zaitsev. Mancane amathuba okuba abanjiswe inyamazane. Ukubhalwa nje kuphela okuphathelene nezisulu ezithile zokuvimbela amandla okhalweni nasesithendeni. Futhi ngesikhathi sesifo esiwumshayabhuqe, umhlaseli angajabulela ngisho nezidumbu zalezi zilwane ezincane,
- Izinyoni. Lezi zilwane azibalulekile empilweni yama chanterelles njengamacici. Kodwa i-fox ejwayelekile ayisoze yaphuthelwa ithuba lokubamba nokudla inyoni ukudla kwasemini. Isilo sihlasela izinyoni lapho zisemhlabathini. Izinyamazane ezilula ezidla izinyamazane amaqanda yizidleke namaqanda. Ezimweni zendlala, izimpungushe zingahlasela izinkukhu. Babathumba ngqo emihlangeni,
- Izinambuzane. Impungushe ejwayelekile ingadla izimbungulu ezinkulu, izibungu zazo. Akazideleli ngisho nezinambuzane ezifile,
- Tshala ukudla. Ayidlali indima ebalulekile ekudleni kwezilwane. Izimpungushe kuyaqabukela zidle ukudla kwezitshalo: izithelo, izithelo, amajikijolo, izimpande ezahlukahlukene.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Fox
Isikhathi esithandwa kakhulu sosuku lwezimpungushe ezijwayelekile ubusuku. Bazingela ngokusa, kuthi phakathi nosuku bakhethe ukuphumula emiseleni yabo. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela ezingaphansi ezihlukile ezingachitha isikhathi ngifuna ukudla emini futhi zilale ebusuku. Izimbobo ze-fox zinde kakhulu; zinamagumbi ahlukene ahlukene. Izilwane zidabula phakathi kwazo emagqumeni, emithambekeni yezifufula. Inhloso eyinhloko yezimbobo yindawo yokukhosela engcupheni nasekhaya lezingane ezizayo.
Ngesinye isikhathi, insikazi ingazala cishe izimpungushe eziyisithupha. Bahlala nonina kwelinye lamaseli. Ukuphepha, izinsikazi zenza imisele ngemibukiso eminingi yokuphuma. Lokhu kuvumela isilwane kanye nenzalo yaso ukuba babalekele uma kungenzeka kube nengozi. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, izimpungushe zibalekela izinja ezizingelayo.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngokungafani nezinye izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo, izimpungushe aziphangi emihlambini. Bancamela indlela yokuphila bebodwa. Abantu abadala kuphela isikhathi sokuzala bangaba khona ndawonye. Masinyane ngemuva kokufakwa komanyolo, kuphume isidumbu sowesifazane nowesilisa.
Impungushe iyisilwane esiqapha kakhulu, esithanda ukuthula. Akangeni kwi-fray ngaphandle kwesidingo esikhethekile. Izimpi phakathi kwezilwane zenzeka kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala futhi ngenxa "yokwehlukaniswa" kwendawo. Isilwane sizama ukugwema umuntu ongumuntu, kuyaqabukela lapho sikhonjiswa emehlweni akhe. Naphezu kokuqapha kwezimpungushe, zivezwa ilukuluku elikhethekile. Lezi zilwane zizocubungula noma yini encane ethokozisayo engena endleleni yazo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Fox Cub
Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwe-fox ejwayelekile sinezici ezilandelayo:
- Kuhlala izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela: ukusuka kuJanuwari kuya kuMashi,
- Abesilisa bangahlela ukulwa okuncane kwabesifazane. Kodwa-ke, ophumelele akayona inamandla, kepha ohlakaniphe kakhulu. Futhi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, lezi zilwane zidansa umdanso ongajwayelekile. Bame ngemilenze yabo ingemuva futhi isikhathi eside bahamba belandelana,
- Ngesinye isikhathi, insikazi ingazala kuze kube ngamawundlu ayisithupha. Kuyaqabukela, kunabantu abangaphezu kweshumi kwilitha. Ezinganeni, ama-auricles avale ngokuphelele, akukho mbono. Baqala ukubona nokuzwa kuphela ngemuva kwamasonto amabili okuqala,
- Izimpungushe zidla ubisi lukamama inyanga nengxenye kuphela. Ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukufunda ukudla inyama,
- Inzalo ekhulayo yondliwa yibo bobabili abazali. Kufanele bathole ukudla cishe usuku lonke,
- Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuzalwa, izimpungushe zingashiya imbobo zizodwa. Abantu abasha bangatholakala kude nasekhaya nabazali babo. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho aba yizisulu zabanye, izisulu ezinkulu,
- Izimpungushe zodwa zisondela ekuweni. Ngalesi sikhathi, bangashiya indlu kanina futhi bakhe izimpilo zabo. Ukuthomba kuza eminyakeni eyi-1.5. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abesilisa bavuthwa kakhulu kamuva.
Izitha zemvelo zezimpungushe ezijwayelekile
Isithombe: Fox
Phambilini, abantu babeyisitha esikhulu sezimpungushe. Abazingeli badubula ngokungakhethi laba bantu. Lokhu kwenziwe ukuze kungafakwa eceleni ukwakheka kwendawo egxile kumarabi. Namuhla, le nkinga ayisiyinkinga kangako ngenxa yokuba khona komjovo womlomo. Ukusungulwa kwalesi sidakamizwa kusize ekunciphiseni kakhulu ukwanda kwesibalo sezilwane ezincelisayo. Iphinde yasusa isidingo sokudutshulwa okuqhubekayo kwabantu abadala.
Ukudutshulwa kwezimpungushe ezijwayelekile, impela kunciphile. Kodwa-ke, noma kunjalo lezi zilwane zihlupheka ezandleni zabantu. Abantu abaningi bazingela ama-chanterelles ngokuzijabulisa kwabo, injabulo. Izilwane eziningi ezindala ziyafa ngenxa yezicupho kwabanye abahlaseli.
Phakathi kwezilwane, izimpungushe zivame ukuhlaselwa izimpisi nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye, eziphakeme ngosayizi namandla. Ama-Lynxes, ama-wolverines, amabhere awasoze enqaba ukujabulela impungushe noma inzalo yayo. Ingozi ethile ebulalayo yama-chanterelles imelelwa ngama-erm, ama-ferrets kanye nama-badger. Izinhlobo ezihlala eMpumalanga zibulawa ama-tiger paws.
Izinkamba ezincane nezincane zempungushe evamile ihlushwa ukuhlaselwa izinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama. Izinkozi, izimpungushe, izimpisi, izinkozi zibabulala. Kepha ngokuvamile, izimpungushe azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi inyamazane elula. Lezi zilwane zinobuqili impela, ziyashesha futhi zigibela izihlahla ngokuphelele.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Animal fox ejwayelekile
Kuze kube manje, akukho datha eqondile ngenani lezimpungushe ezijwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, kuyaziwa ukuthi inani lalaba bantu abahlukumezayo liphezulu impela. Kepha, ngeshwa, kuvame ukuguquguquka.
Ukushintshashintsha kwenani lezimpungushe kuthinteka kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- Izimo zezulu nezemozulu endaweni yemvelo,
- Inani nokutholakala kwamagundane amancane,
- Ukudlanga kwezifo ezithathelwanayo.
Ngesikhathi seqhwa elinzima noma isomiso, izinga lokuzala labesifazane liyancipha, iphesenti elincane lezingane lisinda ekuvuthweni. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ubungozi bezifo ezahlukahlukene. Inqwaba yezinyoni noma ngisho namakhulu ezimpungushe zingafa kumarabi owodwa noma isifo esifundeni cishe ngasikhathi sinye.
Ngaphandle kobunzima obukhona, inani lezimpungushe ezijwayelekile lwanele kulo lonke uhla lwemvelo. Lesi sidlakudla asikleliswa ku-Red Book, asithathwa njengesilwane ezincelisayo, kanti nesimo sezinhlobo sizinzile futhi sibangela ukungakhathalelwa okuncane. Endle, izimpungushe zingaphila iminyaka eyisikhombisa. Kodwa-ke, iphesenti lezilwane ezinjalo lincane kakhulu. Imvamisa, laba bantu abahlukumezayo bayafa, noma bengakafiki eminyakeni emithathu. Ekuthunjweni, isilo sihlala kaningana isikhathi eside. Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili.
Impungushe ejwayelekile - isilwane esijabulisayo kakhulu, esihle. Kubaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho. Unobuhlungu obukhulu kakhulu, futhi isilwane ngokwaso singabizwa ngokuphephile ngokuthi isilawuli semvelo sabantu abangama-rodent. Izimpungushe zisatshalaliswa cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, zijwayelane kalula nezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene.