Isifufula se-steppe noma i-Central Asia siyahluka kwezinye izinto ezihlelekile neziziphatha kusuka ku-tur tur. Yize ufudu lubizwa ngokuthi yi-steppe, luhlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule nasogwadule lwaseningizimu yeKazakhstan neCentral Asia phakathi kwamathanga omhlonyane, i-tamariskai ne-saxaul, futhi litholakala emaphethelweni ezinyawo, kanye nasezintabeni nasezindaweni zamasiko.

Isihlangu sangemuva sesifufula se-steppe siveza i-convex xaxa futhi asifaneleki ukusabalalisa amanzi, njengasemashinini. Impilo ye-steppe turtle yenzeka emhlabeni, ayinazimpawu zokubhukuda phakathi kweminwe, futhi ayazi ukuthi ibhukude kanjani. Seshushulwe emanzini, ufudu oluselunxantathu luyaminza, emhlabathini umahashane futhi kancane. Akadingi ubugqwetha obukhulu ukuze athole ukudla (izitshalo). Ungenza ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi eside, ukuthole kanye nokuphakelwa okumnandi. Izinzipho ze-steppe turtle ziyafiphala futhi zibanzi, ngazo zidonsa kalula umhlabathi lapho zenza izimbobo. Ngomsebenzi wokumba ulimaza imisele yokunisela, amadamu, nezitimela zezitimela.

Umbala wegobolondo le-steppe turtle ulungele kahle umbala wombango ogwadule oluzungezile futhi uvame ukulisindisa kubazingeli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, udonsa intamo yakhe, izidladla nomsila wakhe phakathi kwezihlangu zegobolondo, ngaleyo ndlela esusa izingxenye zomzimba ezisengcupheni. Kodwa-ke, lo mkhuba awuhlali umsindisa ekufeni. Isibonelo, ama-hyenas aklebhula igobolondo lefudu futhi adle inyama, ngaphezu kwalokho, imidlwane namawundlu ngenkathi eshaya emoyeni esuka endaweni ephakeme qaphela ufudu lwe-steppe ngamehlo abo anamehlo abukhali futhi, selifikile emhlabathini, liwabambe ngezihlakala ezinamandla, bese liziphakamisela phezulu emoyeni liziphonse phezulu indawo enamadwala ogwadule. Ama-turtles ashaya amatshe, izihlangu zawo ziyaqhekeka kanti nezitha zithola ithuba lokuklebhula izingxenye ezithambile zomzimba wazo.

Izimfudu zomhlaba zizalaniswa ngoMeyi. Izinsikazi zakha umgodi ongashona esihlabathini futhi zibeka amaqanda angama-3-5 spherical kuwo, ambozwe ngegobolondo elimhlophe, bese azingcwaba ngemilenze yazo engemva. Bangenza eziningana zalezi zinhlaka. Ngo-ekwindla, izimfudu ziqanduselwa emaqanda, kodwa zihlala ngaphansi komhlaba kuze kube sentwasahlobo.

Entwasahlobo, lapho ifinyelela phezulu, izimfudu ezincane zivame ukuba yisisulu sezimpungushe, izimpisi, izinkozi namagwababa. Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwentwasahlobo kwe-ephemera, izimfudu zidla izitshalo eziningi. Kulimaza amasimu namadlelo, konakalisa imifino emnandi. Lapho kuqala isomiso sasehlobo, kanye nobusika obubandayo, lapho okuphakelayo kunyamalala, izimfudu ziba yi-hibernate.

Ama-turtles akhula kancane, avuthwe ngobulili ngeminyaka eyi-10. Eminyakeni engu-30 yobudala, afinyelela ubude bomzimba ofinyelela ku-20 cm, isisindo - 2,5 kg. Ama-turtles asemakhoneni ezilwane zasendle angondliwa ngotshani obuluhlaza (ulethisi, ama-dandelion), iklabishi eliqunyiwe, izaqathe, ama-beet, uginindela wamakhabe kanye amakhabe.

Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala

Isifufula saseCentral Asia sisatshalaliswa ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeKazakhstan, ngaphesheya kwethafa eliphakathi ne-Asia, enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Iran, Afghanistan, ezifundeni ezisenyakatho nentshonalanga yeNdiya nePakistan. Ihlala ogwadule nasesihlabathi sesihlabathi esinamachilo omhlonyane, i-tamarisk noma i-saxaul, ezintabeni eziphakeme ngamamitha ayi-1200 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, ezigodini zemifula, emazweni ezolimo. Inani lazo ezindaweni eziningi liphezulu, kepha lihlala lincipha, ngakho-ke ufudu lwaseCentral Asia lubhalwe ku-International Red Book.

Ukuzala

Ukuzalela kudinga ama-turtles amabili acishe abe yiminyaka efanayo nesisindo. Abesifazane bahlukaniswa abesilisa ngesimo somsila - uma umsila umude futhi ubanzi ngaphansi kwesisekelo sefudu, khona-ke kungowesilisa, abesilisa besifudumezi saseCentral Asia bavame ukuba namazinyo kuplastron eduze nomsila. Emadodeni, i-cesspool itholakala ngaphezu komsila kunokuya kwabesifazane. Kwabesifazane, i-plastiki iyisicaba, umsila umfushane ngenxa yokubekwa kwe-oviduct ku-cloaca yabo, ngaphandle kokuqina. I-cesspool itholakala ngasemaphethelweni we-carapace, okungukuthi, cishe phansi komsila. Imvamisa abesilisa baba yincane kunabesifazane. Ama-turtles afinyelela ekuvuthweni: izinsikazi kusuka eminyakeni eyi-10-12 ubudala, abesilisa kusukela kwabaneminyaka engama-5-6. I-Turtles mate kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Agasti. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa siyizinyanga ezimbili, emva kwalokho insikazi ibekela amaqanda amabili kuya kwayi-6. Ukufakwa ekushiseni okushisa ka-28-30 C kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-60-65.

Izimpawu zangaphandle

Ama-Steppe turges angenye yezimpofana ezincane. Amagobolondo abo akha amabili ahlanganisiwe maphakathi nesihlangu, ubude bawo buba amasentimitha angama-30. Isihlangu sangemuva sinenye igama - i-carapace. Kubantu abadala, i-convex futhi imbozwe ngaphezulu ngamapuleti we-keratinized, ahlelwe ngezigaba.

ISteppe ufudu (iTestudo (i-Agrionemys) yamahhashi ihhashi)

Umbala we-carapace ungumnqumo onamabala amnyama, afana nombala webhola lebhola. I-strne corneum ngayinye engaphezulu yayo inezindandatho ezigxilekelayo ezikhulayo ukusuka enkabeni. Ngenombolo yalawa mapuleti, unganquma iminyaka yefudu.
Isihlangu sesisu sibizwa ngokuthi yi-plastiki. Iyicaba, ingxenye yayo yangaphambili ikhomba phambili, kuthi emuva inemaphethelo osikilekile.
Kuleli “bhokisi” elinezikhali eziqinile ungabona kuphela intamo, ikhanda nemilenze, embozwe ngamazinyo aqinile keratinized.

Indima yegobolondo empilweni yesudu

Indlela ebeka engcupheni ithukuthelisa ufudu neze. Umane adonse izingxenye zomzimba ezisengcupheni ngaphansi kwegobolondo nemakhaza. Endaweni lapho isilwane besime khona imizuzwana embalwa edlule, kukhona “itshe” elisicaba kuphela.
Imizamo yokuthatha ufudu lwe-steppe ngesandla ayize. Isilwane sihlephuka ezandleni ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi sizama ukuluma ngeminwe. Kepha, ngokuvamile, lesi yisidalwa esinokuthula nesethembayo.

Imihlathi yefudu ivumela ukuba ilume ukudla okuthambile, okutshaliwe.

Izici ezimangazayo ze-steppeise

I-steppe turtle ihamba ngejubane elingafika ku-12 cm ngomzuzu.

Ama-turtle steppe turtle mancane kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, inqoba kalula imithambeka emaweni, izizwa imnandi endaweni enhle kakhulu, isihlabathi esikhululekile. Izithiyo kukho zingadala izithiyo zamanzi ezibanzi nezijulile, izindawo zomhlaba ezishelelayo emva kwemvula. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, ufudu lungafa nokufa luzama ukuphuma.

Steppe ufudu ukondla

Isifufula se-Steppe singakwenza ngaphandle kokudla isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kepha akanendaba nokudla izitshalo zasehlane, amakhabe, utshani, amajikijolo nezithelo zezihlahla. Ekhaya, ufudu lungondliwa ngamakhambi, imifino, izithelo, amajikijolo. Kungcono ukunganikeli ukudla kwesilwane ku-turtle. Kepha kufanele anikezwe amavithamini, izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-calcium.

I-Steppe tortoise regales on mushroom esimnandi.

Ingozi ngaso sonke isikhathi

Ama-turtles ayizinto zokudla zasendle eziningi nezinyoni. Kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu, igobolondo lesifufula alikakabi namandla kangako, ngakho-ke, ezihuquzelayo zivame ukuba ukudla kwezimpisi, izimpungushe, izimpungushe. Izimbungulu ezincane zidla izimbungulu, amabhaluni, amagwababa. Kodwa isitha esiyinhloko se-steppe turtles ngumuntu nezimoto.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Habitat

I-Central Asia, ufudu lwaseStratpeise (iTestudo yamahhashi yase-Testudo, i-Agrionemys horsfieldii) - ugwadule lweCentral Asia. Kutholakala eningizimu yeKazakhstan nase India. IPakistan, i-Iran, ne-Afghanistan yizwe lapho ungazibona khona lezi zilwanyane. E-Russia, ufudu lwe-Central Asia noma i-steppeise aluvamile kakhulu futhi lubonwe eduzane nasogwini olusenyakatho-mpumalanga yoLwandle lweCaspian naseningizimu yesifunda sase-Orenburg.

Izigodi zomfula, ugwadule olunesihlabathi nodaka kanye nogwadule, futhi namasimu nomhlaba wokulima "yikhaya" lolu hlobo lwamfudu. Wabuye watholakala emaphethelweni ezansi nasezintabeni (kufika ku-1200 m). Lokhu kufakazela ubufakazi bokuthi izimfudu zaseCentral Asia zingahamba kahle lapho zihamba impela.

Incazelo

I-carapace ephansi isuka ku-3 kuye ku-20-25 cm ubude. Yenziwe yancipha futhi yathambeka kancane phezulu, kufana nepayi. Umbala we-carapace ungwephuzi onsundu-omnqumo onamabala amfushane amabala amnyama - umbala wenhlabathi lapho atholakala khona. IPlastron inombala omnyama nezimpawu ezi-16 zophondo. Kukhona nezihlangu eziyi-13 ezimahhadla ku-carapace, ezinezifutho ngazinye. Isibalo sabo sihambelana nobudala besilinganiso sefudu. Izihlangu ezingama-25 zitholakala ezinhlangothini. Emabunzini, iminwe engu-4 eshwabene.

Owesilisa osemuva ethangeni une-tubercle eyi-1 emnyama. Insikazi ine-3-5. Izinsikazi zihlala zikhulu kunezabesilisa. Ungene emhlathini ongenhla. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, ufudu lwe-steppeise lungaphila iminyaka engama-40-50. Ufudu lwase-Central Asia lukhula kuyo yonke impilo.

Emvelweni yemvelo, ufudu lwase-Central Asia londla ikakhulu ezitshalweni: utshani obungapheliyo kanye namahlumela zezihlahla, amakhabe, amajikijolo, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile izithelo ziyawa.

Ekhaya, izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla kwezitshalo ziyasebenziseka amafudu. Ama-greens, ulethisi, i-fiber coarse (amakhambi owomile kanye ne-hay), amaqabunga ezitshalo ezidliwayo kufanele enze cishe ama-80% wokudla okuphelele okunempilo. Cishe ama-15% imifino. Izithelo - 5%.

Kuhle ukungondli ufudu ngesandla. Ukudla okukhethiwe, kungakuhle ukubeka endishini noma endaweni "yokudlela" eguqulwe ngokukhethekile, ukuvikela ukugwinya kwenhlabathi.

Ama-turtles amasha adla nsuku zonke. Ama-turtles "asebekhulile" - kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 (abantu osayizi wabo ku-plastiki unamasentimitha ayi-10 noma ngaphezulu). Inani lokudla kufanele linikezwe ngaphansi kwemikhawulo evumelekile, imvamisa ukusuka ku-½ usayizi wegobolondo, kuze kube yilapho ufudu lugcwala.

Ngokwemvelo, ufudu noma i-Central Asia ufudu luhlala ezimweni ezomileyo ngezimila ezinqabileyo. Ngakho-ke, lapho uqamba ukudla, umuntu kufanele acabangele ukuthi ukudla okunambitheka kakhulu futhi okumnandi ngokweqile akuyona imvelo kubona futhi kungadala ukuvutshelwa esiswini. Izinhlobo zezitshalo zokudla kufanele zilinganiselwe!

Ungamnikezi ufudu ukudla kwamakati noma izinja. “Ukudla komuntu” - inyama nenhlanzi, isinkwa nobisi, ushizi wekhokho, amaqanda nokondla isilwane akunconywa.

E-terrarium lapho kuhlala isilwane khona, kungakuhle ukuthi ube nomthombo we-calcium. Kungaba yi-sepia. Futhi ukugqokwa kwe-vitamin top eyimpuphu. Izinkampani eziningi zikhiqiza izidakamizwa ezinjengalezi, ziningi ongakhetha kuzo.

Ufudu aludingi ukuphuzwa njalo. Izitsha zamanzi ku-terrarium zingakhethwa, njengoba zinganyathelwa, zichithwe, ziphendulwe zibheke phansi. Kodwa umswakama obedlulele "endlini yefudu" awunakufiseleka ngokwedlulele.

Ukulungiswa kweTerrarium

Kufanele kube nenhlabathi enezingqimba zama-coarse ekhoneni elifudumele, i-sawdust / izinkuni zokhuni / hay. Ukudla umkhombe nendlu.

Isibani se-incandescent (40-60 W) singumthombo wokushisa, sakha amazinga okushisa afanelekile anele lapho i-reptile ngokwayo ikwazi ukukhetha khona amazinga okushisa afanele. Ukubaluleka okubalulekile kokushisa kufaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwezinqubo lapho ufudu lukwazi ukubeka khona kuphela ngenxa yemithombo yangaphandle yokushisa futhi ngaleyo ndlela luqinisekise ukusebenza ngokomzimba okujwayelekile. Uma kungekho ukushisa, i-metabolism encishisiwe yehlisa ijubane ngisho nangaphezulu. Ama-rots wokudla esiswini ngaphandle kokugaywa, okungase kubangele ukukhathazeka kwesisu. Umbuso wokushisa ekhoneni elibandayo eduze kwendlu cishe ngu-24-26 ° С no-30-33 о С - ekhoneni elifudumele ngaphansi kwesibani. Umbuso wokushisa wesibani ungashintshwa ngokunyusa noma ukwehlisa isibani, noma ukubeka izibani ze-incandescent zamandla ahlukile.

Isibani esikhethekile se-ultraviolet sezilwane ezihuquzelayo (10% UVB) kufanele sibekwe kude ngamasentimitha angama-25 kusuka esilwaneni (hhayi ephakeme kuno-40 hhayi ngaphansi kwama-20). Isibani se-UV asishisi ithari, kepha sinikeza ufudu ngokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet okudingekayo, okudingekayo empilweni yemvelo - ukumuncwa kuka-vithamini D3, calcium nazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo zokulandela umkhondo. Emvelweni, ufudu uluthola ngokukhanya kwelanga.

Ama-turtles akhetha “ukuziphephela” ngokwawo, azingcwabele ngotshwala. Noma yikuphi okusalungiswa noma ushintsho olungazelelwe lweqondo lokushisa, ngisho naku-terrarium, kungadala ukubanda ezilwaneni.

Turtle Corral

Kwenziwa kwelinye lamagumbi ekhululekile egumbi. Isibani sokushisa siseduze nolunye lwezindonga ze-corral. I-turtle ngokwayo iyakwazi ukukhetha izinga lokushisa elidingayo okwamanje. Ehlobo, paddock akukubi ukuhlomisa ekhoneni ehlobo. Ukuze wenze kube lula ukuthola ufudu "olufihliwe", ungalungisa ibhaluni ngetheyipu ye-scotch endaweni ye-carapace noma ifulegi elibonakalayo esigxotsheni esiphakeme. Uma izimo zokushisa zivumela, khona-ke ungashiya i-turtle esibayeni futhi ubusuku bonke.

Okuqukethwe kwamahhala phansi phansi endlini akuvunyelwe! Okuhlukile kuba amacala uma i-corral isendlini ebiyelwe futhi efudumele enenhlabathi, ngaphandle kokusalungiswa nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, lapho kukhona amalambu adingekayo.

Ukunakekela: Kungcono ukugeza amafudu emanzini afudumele ajwayelekile kanye njalo emavikini ayi-1-2. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingama-31- 35 ° С. Ukuphakama - kufinyelela ezingeni lekhanda lefudu (2/3 ukuphakama kwegobolondo). Ukugeza okunjalo kuphinda kugcwalise ibhalansi lamanzi-usawoti kanye nokugcinwa komswakama emzimbeni wesilwane esibuhlungu, kuvamisa amathumbu. Azikho izengezo zamanzi ezidingekayo.

Kuyathakazelisa ngamafudu

Izinhlobo ze-Central Asia steppe turtle zibhalwe ku-International Red Book.

Inganekwane yase-Uzbek ixoxa ngokuhlekisayo ngomsuka / ukubukeka kojudu. Omunye umthengisi owayengumthengisi ongabekezeleleki futhi wakala obala abathengi bakhe kangangokuba, ekugcineni abantu bathukuthela ngokubiza u-Allah. U-Allah, ethukuthele, wathatha isikali somthengisi futhi wafaka inkohliso kubo: "Uzohlala unobufakazi bokukhohlisa kwakho." Ngakho-ke ikhanda nezinsimbi kwasala kunamathele ezitsheni ezisindayo, kwashintsha umthengisi waba ufudu.

Ekushiseni, ufudu lufihla, hhayi ukumba ujule kakhulu emhlabathini. Ekwindla, ukujula kungu-1 m.

Ama-turtles angakwazi ukudabula imigudu efinyelela ku-2 m ubude ngamakhamera afinyelela kuhafu wemitha ububanzi.

Igobolondo lwamathambo ngamathambo ahlanganisiwe womgogodla nezimbambo, futhi njengoba nje abantu 'bengakwazi ukuphuma' emathanjeni abo, ngakho ufudu alukwazi ukuqeda igobolondo.

Ukwehla kwesifufula saseCentral Asia kunsundu ngendlela yamasoseji angasho lutho futhi kungavela izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngosuku. Inani lomchamo lincike ekwakhekeni kokuphakelayo. Kubukeka kusobala, kwesinye isikhathi kuqukethe ukungcola okumhlophe kosawoti we-uric acid.