I-Ifrit Cowaldi enamakhanda aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka * Izinyoni

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I-Ifrit Cowaldi enamakhanda aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Igama lesiLatini elithi "Ifrita kowaldi") yinyoni encane emndenini wakwaFlutist (Orthonychidae).

I-ifrit covaldi inyoni encane kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba wakhe abudluli amasentimitha angama-35, futhi ngokwesilinganiso ngamasentimitha angama-30 kuphela. Isisindo somzimba esingama-550 - ama-600 amagremu kubantu abakhulu kakhulu. I-plumage igqamile kakhulu: ikhanda nentamo ye-ifrita kowaldi ipendiwe ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ojulile (ngakho-ke igama elithi "inhloko-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" liyavela egameni), izimpaphe ziwolintshi kusuka esifubeni kuye emsileni (womabili ngemuva nasemzimbeni ophansi), amaphiko ampunga noma umbala omnyama onamabala amaningi amhlophe. Ekhanda - i-crest ebonakalayo engabonakali. Uqhwaku lude impela, lunamandla, lugobile phansi kancane.

Ukuhluka kwale nyoni kulele ekutheni umzimba wayo uqukethe ubuthi obunobuthi kakhulu, obungabulala isilwane esikhulu ngisho nomuntu. Ukuba khona kobuthi ku-ifrita kovaldi kwaziwa kamuva nje (cishe maphakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili) futhi ngalesi sikhathi, ososayensi bakwazile ukutadisha izakhiwo nemiphumela yezinto eziphilayo zezilwane nabantu kahle. Kwavela ukuthi ubuthi be-ifrit buthelela esikhunjeni nasezimpapheni zakhe. Lapho inyoni ingena emlonyeni wesilwane esihlaselayo, ubuthi bungena kulwelwesi lolimi nolimi, lubangele ukushiswa okukhulu nokulunywa. Kucace bha ukuthi ngemuva kwalokhu umdlwenguli uzovula umlomo wakhe aqede ukudla kwasemini “okungenamsebenzi”.

Kepha isenzo sobuthi asipheli lapho. Ngemuva kokucasulwa kolwelwesi lwe-mucous lwesilwane, amathe aqala ukukhishwa ngenkuthalo, okuyinto isilwane esiyiginyayo. Lapho isisesiswini, ubuthi bumunwa ngokushesha bese bulimaza umzimba wonke. Kungakapheli nemizuzu embalwa, lesi silwane sibulawa ubuthi. Isibonelo, ummeleli omkhulu womndeni we-feline (ibhubesi, ihlosi noma i-panther) idinga inani elincane lobuthi ukulahlekelwa impilo yayo imizuzu engu-5-8 ngemuva kokungena emzimbeni.

Ubuthi be-ifrita kowaldi enophawu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekwakhekeni kwayo buyafana nobuthi bamasele esihlahleni. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi izinto ezinobuthi zingena emzimbeni wale nyoni kanye nokudla. Ngemuva kokugaya ukudla, ubuthi buqongelela esikhunjeni futhi budedelwa ngama-pores ebusweni bawo. Kunombono wokuthi ifrita kovaldi idla izimbungulu ezinobuthi, ezisebenza njengomthombo oyinhloko wobuthi.

Ama-ifrites angenhloko eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ahlala kuphela emahlathini ashisayo aseNew Guinea. Zonke izinyoni ezihlala emahlathini aseGuinea zihlukaniswa ubuhle nobuningi bemibala yezimpaphe. Ngaphezu kwe-ifrit ekhanda ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, uCowaldi, enye inyoni enobuthi, inyoni etshaliwe, ihlala emahlathini aseNew Guinea.

Ubuthi be-ifrita kowaldi enophawu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka luyingozi kakhulu kubantu. Imithamo emincane yobuthi obufike esikhunjeni ibangela ukuzwela okukhulu (ngenxa yalokho, ukusha okukhulu kuhlala esikhunjeni). Uma ubuthi bungangeni emzimbeni, umuntu angaba nokukhubazeka. Imithamo emikhulu yale sumu iholela ekufeni ngokushesha. Ngenxa yokuthi le nyoni itholakala esiqhingini saseNew Guinea kuphela, ayithathwa njengeyingozi kakhulu kubantu. Noma kunjalo, izakhamizi zesiqhingi azilokothi zizingele ifrita kowaldi, zama ukukugwema. Abaningi bambheka njengongcwele futhi bajezisa kanzima ukubulawa kwakhe.

Incazelo ye-ifrit cobaldi

I-Miniature efakwe ku-Ifrit cobaldi ayidluli amasentimitha angama-20 ubude, futhi isisindo cishe singama-gramu angama-60.

I-plumage ye-ifrita kowaldi yinhle kakhulu: ikhanda nentamo yayo kumnyama okwesibhakabhaka, yingakho ibizwa nge- “Blue-head”. Kepha abesilisa kuphela abane-cap cap eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ekhanda kukhona i-crest encane. Amapayipi kusuka esifubeni kuye emsileni yi-orange. Futhi amaphiko amnyama noma ampunga anezinhlobo eziningi ezimhlophe. Uqhwakele bukhulu ngokwanele futhi bude, ingxenye engezansi yayo igobile phansi.

Abesilisa bahlukile kwabesifazane ngombala wemivimbo ezungeze amehlo, kwabesilisa banombala ophuzi, kuthi emadodeni mhlophe.

I-Cowaldi ebusay enamakhanda aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyingozi engapheli yezinyoni emahlathini ashisayo aseNew Guinea.

Ingozi ye-ifrit cobaldi

Yize ifrita kowaldi yinhle kakhulu, empeleni ingumthombo wobuthi obunamandla, okuyingozi cishe kunoma yisiphi isitha, hhayi kuphela izitha ezifuna ukudla inyoni, kepha futhi nabantu. Lapho inyamazane ibamba inyoni, ubuthi buvele butshise umlomo wayo, kepha lokhu akuvimbi umphumela wobuthi futhi bungena emzimbeni kanye namathe. Ngaphakathi, lobu buthi obuyingozi bulimaza zonke izitho. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ubuthi obunobuthi be-batrachotoxin bubulala isilwanyana esidla ezinye njengehlosi ngemizuzu nje eyi-10.

Ubuthi buqala ukusebenza ngokushesha, kucasule ulwelwesi lwama-mucous nesikhumba. Noma ungathatha i-ifrita kovaldi, ungashiswa kakhulu. Futhi uma ubuthi bungena emzimbeni ngomlomo, khona-ke bubangela umphumela odabukisayo futhi bubangele ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lwethambo nenhliziyo. Noma ubuthi bungakaholeli ekufeni, umuntu uzothola ubuthi obunzima, futhi izingxenye ezithile zomzimba zingakhubazeka.

Lowo othatha u-Ifrit kowaldi, nhlobo, ulindele ukuba sezandleni zakhe, ngoba i-batrachotoxin equkethwe izimpaphe zenyoni iyafa.

Indlela yokuphila ye-ifrita covaldi ekhanda okwesibhakabhaka

Lezi zinyoni ezinoshevu zihlala emahlathini aseNew Guinea. Uhlobo lwenyoni eyingozi lunokuthula impela. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ubuthi buhloselwe ukuvikela kuphela, hhayi ukuhlasela, okungukuthi, buyivikela ekuhlaseleni kwabanye. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane, i-ifrita kovaldi enekhanda elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibingaba yinto elula.

I-plumage eluhlaza ekhanda ibuye iphethe impahla evikelayo, yazise izitha ukuthi le ngane kufanele igwenywe. Isifundo esifundiswa yimvelo asifundanga izilwane kuphela, kepha nabantu, ngokwesibonelo, izakhamizi zakuleli azizingeli i-ifrit kowaldi, kodwa zize zikunikeze inyoni engcwele, ziyikhonze. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinyoni zihlala ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, akusiyo ingozi kakhulu.

Abantu bendawo kudala bezazi lezi zinyoni ezinobuthi, futhi ososayensi bafundile ngabo hhayi kudala kakhulu - ngaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka.

Ama-ifrites anekhanda eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eCowaldi awuthathe kuphi lo sumu? Lokhu ubuthi obufanayo obutholakala esihlahleni esinobuhlungu kakhulu sexoxo laseNingizimu Melika emhlabeni. Yonke into ilula: ubuthi abukhiqizwa emzimbeni wenyoni ngokwawo, umthombo wayo ungukudla - amabhungane anoshevu, adliwa yi-coraldi ifrites. IBhungane Choresine pulchra liyisisekelo sokudla kwalezi zinyoni. Lezi zinambuzane ziyingozi ezintweni eziningi eziphilayo, kodwa hhayi i-ifrita kovaldi, evikela kuzo. Cishe wonke umzimba wale nyoni ugcwele ubuthi; uqoqwe esikhumbeni nasezimpapheni, futhi ngaphezulu kwakho konke esifubeni nasemilenzeni.

Uma ungafaki ekudleni kwamabhungane anobuthi e-Ifrit covaldi, khona-ke ziba inyoni ejwayelekile, engenazo izinto ezinobuthi. Ngemuva kwesikhashana esifushane, ukuqoqwa kwe-batrachotoxin emzimbeni wenyoni kuncishiswa kakhulu, bese kunyamalala ngokuphelele.

Izinyoni zeBatrachotoxin zitholakala ekudleni ngokudla amabhungane e-genus Choresine.

Amahlathi agcwele ukuculwa okumnandi kwalezi zinyoni. Akudliwa ngenxa yokudla, noma ngabe kususwa ubuthi emzimbeni, ngoba inyama yabo inemva nje engemnandi.

Ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ezinobuthi

Ngokumangazayo, i-Ifrita Cowaldi akuyona ukuphela kwenyoni enobuthi. Ungomunye kuphela kwezinhlobo ezimbili ezinoshevu. Olunye uhlobo olunobuthi obunobuthi yiPitochu, etholakala naseNew Guinea.

Zombili lezi zinyoni zibukeka zingenangozi ngokuphelele: zincanyana ngosayizi, zinamabala amahle futhi zihlabelela kahle. Kepha lokhu kungalimali kubonakala kuphela. Lezi imvuthuluka zingazinakekela, yize kungenjalo ngamabomu. Kuyamangaza nje ukuthi imvelo inezimfihlo ezingakanani, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi ucabange ukuthi yini enye ososayensi abasha abangaziwa abangayithola ezindaweni ezingenakungeneka nezingafinyeleleki.

Aborigine abazi ukuthi ama-orrites aphephile uma amabhungane anoshevu engafakwa ekudleni kwawo, futhi ngenxa yalokho ama-ifrit kowaldi ahlala endaweni yawo yemvelo.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

15.01.2016

ENew Guinea, kuhlala inyoni encane, ama-Aborigine asendaweni ayithatha njengeyaphezulu futhi ngokwezinga elithile ayenqaba ukuyikhipha, kungakudli lokho.

Le nyoni ibizwa nge-ifrita kowaldi, noma ifrita ekhanda ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Ifrita kowaldi). Ungowomndeni wakwa-Ifritidae womndeni wakwaPasseriformes.

Ifrites ngamademoni anjalo okuziphindiselela ku-mythology yesi-Arabhu enezimpondo, izindlawu, izinselo zembongolo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho namakhanda ayisikhombisa. Ezinezinwele zathola igama lazo ngenxa yamandla alo okubulala izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu ngosizo lobuthi.

Namuhla kungenye yezinyoni ezintathu ezinobuthi ezaziwa yisayensi. U-Ifrita Cowaldi waqala wachazwa yisazi sezilwane sase-Australia uCharles Walter de Vis ngonyaka we-1890 njengoTodopsis kowaldi ukuhlonipha isikhulu saseBrithani nomqoqi uCharles Cowald owayekhonza eNew Guinea. Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili kamuva, kumagazini waseBrithani i-Bulletin of the Briteni Ornitologist's Club, isihloko esiveza lokhu saqhamuka ngusomabhange kanye nodokotela wezilwane uWalter Rothschild. Ku-athikili, le nyoni ibivele ibizwa ngegama elithi ifrita.

Inyoni enobuthi

Lesi simangaliso esinezimbali sinobuthi obuningi futhi singathumela kalula umuntu osemhlabeni olandelayo ngemizuzu eyi-10-20 lapho ubuthi bungena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi lwama-mucous noma imifantu emincane esikhunjeni. Kwanele isikhashana nje ukuthinta izimpaphe noma izidladla zenyoni ebonakala ingenangozi futhi ukukhubazeka kohlelo lokuphefumula ngokuboshwa kwenhliziyo kuqinisekisiwe. Asikho isidakamizwa.

Ifrit kovaldi ayakhiqizi ubuthi. Ngaphandle nje kwemiphumela impilo yakhe idla izimbungulu ezinobuthi uChoresine pulchra ovela emndenini uMelyridae (Melyridae). Bakhiqiza ubuthi obunamandla kunabo bonke, i-batrachotoxin, esetshenziswa amaNdiya aseNingizimu Melika ekuzingeleni.

Uma inyoni ikhululwa ethubeni lokudla amabhungane ayo ayithandayo, ukugcwala kobuthi emzimbeni wakhe kuqala ukuncipha kancane kancane, futhi ngokomqondo kungadonswa ngezandla zakho ngendlela oyithandayo. Kuliqiniso, amathuba wokushiswa kwamakhemikhali amakhulu nokukhubazeka kwezitho ezithile zomzimba kuzosala.

Ukubhebhetheka

Indawo le isendaweni eyi-Owen Stanley Mountain Range, etholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga yeNew Guinea. Izinyoni ziphila impilo yokuhlala phansi emahlathini okungelula ukufinyelela kuwo ubude be-1460 kuya ku-3600 m ngaphezu kolwandle.

Kunezindawo ezingaphansi ezi-2. Izindlela zokuxhumana ezihleliwe zihlala ezintabeni ezimaphakathi nezisempumalanga yezwe, kufaka neNhlonhlo yaseHewon. I-Ifrita kowaldi brunnea subspecies isatshalaliswa engxenyeni esentshonalanga-maphakathi ezintabeni zaseSudirman naseWeiland.

Ukuziphatha

Ukudla kuqukethe izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinambuzane nezithelo ezithambile ezivuthiwe. U-Ifrita uthola ukudla phakathi kwamagatsha ezihlahla noma amaqabunga. Ungabambelela emagatsheni ubheke phansi bese usebenzisa umsila njengokugcizelelwa okwengeziwe.

Indlela yakhe yokuhamba ngezindlela eziningi isikhumbuza izinyoni ezivela emndenini wakwaNuthatch (Sitta). Ngesikhathi sokudla, angajoyina imihlambi yezinye izinyoni ezincane.

Ukuzala

Izinyoni ziqala ukusonta izidleke zazo ngo-Agasti. NgoSepthemba, bazalela amaqanda abo, kwathi ngoDisemba, kuvela amachwane. Isikhathi esiqondile sokufakwa ekufukameleni asaziwa.

Isidleke sijulile futhi senziwe ngendlela yesitsha esenziwe ngodonga. Ngaphakathi, ifakwe u-moss oluhlaza, izimpande ezincane namaqabunga e-fern.

Imvamisa, isidleke sitholakala emagatsheni esihlahla esiphakeme ngamamitha angama-3,6-4 ngaphezu komhlaba. Owesifazane ubeka iqanda elilodwa kuphela elimhlophe elinamabala amnyama ansomi nokukhanya onsomi. Usayizi weqanda ngu-25,8 x 20.7 mm. Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi kutshalwe amaphuphu awakasungulwa.

Incazelo

Ubude bomzimba wezinyoni ezindala bufika ku-16-16 cm, kanti isisindo somzimba asidluli kuma-34-36 g .Ezintombini, izimpaphe zomzimba ziyithusi emnyama, kanti izimpaphe ezimnyama ezinomngcele ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka zikhula ekhanda, zidala "isigqoko" esimnyama.

Kukhona ibala le-ocher emqaleni. Isisu nezinhlangothi zikhanyisela i-olive. Uqhwaku lwethusi ngombala futhi imilenze iyi-olive emnyama. Abesifazane baswele i- “cap” ne-plumage emnyama.

Isikhathi sokuphila nobukhulu besilinganiso se-ifrita kowaldi asikasungulwa ngokuthembekile.

YABO BONKE KANYE NGAMUNYE WONKE

Kuhle ukuthi asihlali eNew Guinea. Yize kunjalo, amahlathi ayo asezindaweni ezishisayo asephenduke ikhaya lokungezona izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane ezinobuthi nezirhubuluzayo, kodwa futhi nezinyoni ezinobuthi! Yebo, yebo, nalapha akhona. Ngokubukeka, lezi izinyoni ezimbili ezincane futhi ezinhle kakhulu: i-pitochu emibili (noma i-crested) ye-pitochu ne-ifrita kovaldi enamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

I-Bicolor pitochu (lat.Pitohui dichrous)

Izinto ezintsha eziphathelene nezilwane nemvelo:

U-Ifrita kowaldi - inyoni enoshevu

Kuyathakazelisa - Izinyoni

07.09.2012 19:39

Muva nje, sikhulume ngenyoni enoshevu kakhulu emhlabeni - mayelana Pythochus bicolor (Pitohui dichrous). Indaba yanamuhla ephathelene nenye inyoni, etholwe muva nje futhi enobuthi, yijwayele - Ifrita covaldi (Ifrita kowaldi).

Ifrita kowaldi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Ifrita kowaldi).

Kunezindlela eziningi zokuthi imvelo ephanayo inikeze izilwane ezahlukahlukene ukuzivikela kubaphikisi abanamandla amakhulu. Phakathi kwazo akunangozi impela. Isibonelo, imibala yezinyamazane, okukhombisa ukungafinyeleleki kwazo. Kusindisa zombili izinambuzane ngokwazo ithuba lokuthi zibe ukudla kwabanye, futhi bonke abakhombisa ukuthi banesifiso sokuzidla, kusukela kunoshevu ngisho nasekufeni. Kepha esimweni semvelo, kunezindlela ezinamandla kakhulu zokuvikela nazo ezinikeziwe. Lezi, ikakhulukazi, ziphathiswe izinyoni ezincane, i-ifrit kowaldi (i-Ifrita kowaldi) eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, efakwe ohlwini lwezilwane eziyi-50 eziyingozi kakhulu.

Ubuthi u-Ifrita Kowaldi (Ifrita kowaldi).

Ifrita kowaldi.

Lezi zidalwa zezingoma ezincane, ezinesisindo esingadluli kuma-60 g, futhi ubude bufika ku-20 cm, zibonakala zibonakala zingenacala futhi zingavikeleki. Eqinisweni, inyoni ngayinye ingumthombo wobuthi obunamandla obungamelana nanoma yisiphi isitha, kusuka kulabo abafuna ukudla izinyamazane ezincane, amahlosi ngisho nabantu. Kukwenele ukusho ukuthi i-batrachotoxin - ubuthi obufanayo obunobuthi - ingabulala ihlosi ngemizuzu eyishumi. Iqala ukusebenza ngokushesha, ibangele ukulimala kolwelwesi lwe-mucous lwesikhumba. Noma uthathe inyoni nje ezandleni zakho, ungashiswa kakhulu, futhi lapho ungena amathe emzimbeni, i-batrachotoxin inethonya elonakalisayo futhi iholele ekuphazamiseni ukusebenza kohlelo lwezinhliziyo. Noma umthamo owethelwe ubuthi awunkulu kangangokuba ungabangela umphumela obulalayo, umuntu ubhekana nobuthi obunamandla noma ukukhubazeka kwezingxenye ezithile zomzimba.

Ifrita kowaldi.

Ifrita kowaldi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Ifrita kowaldi) uhlala emahlathini aseNew Guinea futhi unokuthula impela ngokwemvelo. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ubuthi lobu buba nomthelela wokuzivikela, buvikela ekulweni nolaka lwabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usayizi wayo omncane uyiguqula inyamazane elula. I-cap eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekhanda nayo idlala indima yokuzivikela, kepha isivele ibeka kwabanye ukuthi kungcono ukudlula ku-ifrita kovaldi. Kodwa-ke, abesilisa kuphela abanalo "mhlobiso": izinsikazi zihlukaniswa ngombala ophuzi ngisho.

Ifrita kowaldi.

Ifrita kowaldi.

Isifundo esivezwe yimvelo asaziswa hhayi kuphela ngabazidlayo, kodwa futhi nabantu: abomdabu baseNew Guinea abayidli le nyoni ukuze badle, kodwa okuphambene nalokho, bayayihlonipha njengesilwane esingcwele, bayikhonza. Ngenxa yalokhu, kanye neqiniso lokuthi i-ifrita kovaldi enekhanda elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihlala ezindaweni lapho kungekho bantu abaningi, kithina akubeki engcupheni enkulu. Ngale ndlela, ngokungafani nesibalo sendawo, ososayensi bafundile ngezakhi zezinyoni ezincane kakhulu muva nje - ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50 edlule.

Ifrita kowaldi.

Kuliqiniso, umbuzo ungaphakama: lapho izinyoni "zibuthathaphi" ubuthi obuyingozi, obuyinhlobo yezinyoni eziyingozi kakhulu nesilwane esinobuthi kunazo zonke emhlabeni wethu, i-frog nesihlahla saseNingizimu Melika. Impendulo ilula: umthombo wayo ungukudla kwe-ifrita kowaldi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okungukuthi amabhungane anoshevu u-Choresine pulchra, akha isisekelo sokudla kwawo. Izinyoni ngokwazo zinokuvikelwa okuthembekile kuzo, kuyilapho kwezinye ziba yingozi enkulu. Ubuthi buhlanganisa cishe umzimba wonke wezinyoni, zenziwe ezimpaphe nasekhunjeni, kepha isifuba nemilenze kuyimithombo eqinile ikakhulukazi.

Ubuthi Ifrita kowaldi (Ifrita kowaldi).

I -ritrit enekhanda elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ye-kowaldi ingaphucwa izakhiwo zayo eziyingozi: kwanele ukususa izimbungulu okukhulunywa ngazo ekudleni. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, i-batrachotoxin izoncipha kakhulu, futhi kungekudala izonyamalala ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, abomdabu abasaphuthumi ukuthatha ithuba lokutholwa, basancamela ukushiya le nyoni ukuze iphile endaweni yayo yemvelo. Inyama ye-ifrita kowaldi ekhanda okwesibhakabhaka ayinakho ukunambitheka okumnandi. Lezi yizimbobo zezingoma ezijabulisa izindlebe zama-Aborigine ngemiculo emnandi, elahlekile esihlahleni samahlathi.

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