Izibungu ziyizilwane ezihuquzelayo eziphawulwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo. Ungathola izithombe ezinhlobonhlobo zamazibuko nencazelo yempilo yazo ngokufunda le ndatshana.

Kuze kube manje, ososayensi bathole ukuthi izibankwa ziyiqembu elikhulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwesigaba seReptile (Reptile). Kaningi sibiza izibankwa lezo ezingekho nhlobo. Sisetshenziselwa iqiniso lokuthi izibankwa zonke zingabamele izaliti ezigijima emilenzeni emine futhi zinomsila omude. Kepha uzomangala ukuthola ukuthi ososayensi babhekisa kwizibungu, ikakhulukazi kuphela abamele umndeni wezibungu zangempela zomndeni, nabanye njengabo: ama-agama, amasinki, ukuqapha izinyoka, ama-iguanas nama-geckos - iqembu elihluke ngokuphelele.

Ake sibhekisise izinyoka zangempela. Lezi ezihuquzelayo zingobukhulu obuphakathi, yize izinhlobo ezincane kakhulu zitholakala phakathi kwazo. Ngokuyisisekelo, ubude bomzimba bezikeleza bufinyelela ku-20 kuye ku-40 cm. Futhi yisikeleli separele kuphela esingakhula sibe amasentimitha angama-80. Kepha iqembu elihlukile emndenini wezinyoka zangempela, elibizwa ngokuthi isifo sonyawo nomlomo, linosayizi wamasentimitha ayi-10.

Umsila omude awuphazamisi ibhungane nakancane, uyasiza ukuqondisa phakathi kweziqu zotshani.

Izibungu zangempela ziyehluka ngohlobo lwazo (ezinye ezihuquzelayo) ngokuhamba ngamakhulu eminyaka. Isibonelo, izinyoka azikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngohlelo olunjalo lwamehlo, ngoba izinkophe zazo ziyahlotshwa. Zonke izibankwakazi zinomzimba ophakeme nomsila omude omude. Enye into ehlukile yama-lizons yikhono lemvelo le-autotomy. Yini le Lesi isilahla esidumile somsila ngisho nezingane ezincane ezaziyo! Ngokuvamile, ukuzwiswa kwesayensi kwegama elithi autotomy kuzwakala njengokuchazwa kokuthi "ukuzisusa ngokwakho", isb. ukuzilimaza ngenhloso

Isilova seViviparous (iLacerta vivipara, noma i-Zootoca vivipara).

Cha, ungacabangi, izibungu azenzi amaqhinga anje hhayi empilweni engenamsebenzi nesithukuthezi! Ukuphelelwa yithemba kuphela nendlela yokufa lapho uhlangana nesitha kungabangela ibhungane ukuba liphule umgogodla futhi liphonse umsila wayo, okuyokuthi, ngasendleleni, izokhipha isikhashana, kube sengathi iyaphila, iphazamisa umhlaseli futhi ikudukise. Ngalesi sikhathi, ibhungane uqobo, cishe luphelele, kodwa luyaphila, luyanyamalala ngokushesha lungabonakali.

I-pearl, noma i-lizard ehlotshisiwe (Lacerta lepida).

Umbala wezibankwakazi uhlala uhlanganisa izithunzi eziningana: nsundu, luhlaza okotshani nokumpunga. Kepha ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala nezindawo zezulu, izibungu zingaba nesikhumba, ngokwesibonelo, ziphuzi. Futhi ezinye izinhlobo zihlotshiswe ngisho nangemibala ekhanyayo emangalisayo: obomvu, i-azure, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

I-dimorphism yezocansi kulezi ezihuquzelayo ivezwa buthaka kakhulu, ngakho-ke cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa isilwane esisesibelethweni sowesifazane esinezinyoni zamehlo ngeso lenyama, uma ungeyena uchwepheshe wezilwane wezilwane. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi izibankwa azinazo izintambo zezwi ngakho-ke zihlala zithule, kepha emvelweni akukho okuhlukile, akunjalo? Ngakho-ke, kukhona isilokazana “esinamazwi” eMhlabeni, esibizwa ngokuthi yiLizard Shtekhlin noSimon, lesi sidalwa esihlala eziQhingini zaseCanary. Lapho ingozi imfica, ukhipha okuthile okufana nesidoda.

Isilonda esisheshayo, noma esivamile (Lacerta agilis).

Namuhla, abamele lezi zingungu bahlala eYurophu, e-Afrika nase-Asia ngokwengxenye. Kepha ngeke uhlangane nabo eMadagascar, ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu ye-Asiya nasezindaweni eziqhelile esiLwandle i-Indian. Kepha, lapho sebulethelwa emazweni ase-USA, izibankwakazi ngentokozo zaqala lapho futhi zaphuka ngempumelelo. Izikeleza zangempela zithanda amahlathi, izihlahlana, izitebele, iziwula, izihlambi, izindawo eziphakemeyo, izingadi, amabhange asemifuleni, ngisho namaxhaphozi njengama-biotopes. Abesabi ukuphakama nemithambeka emaweni, ngoba lezi ezihuquzelayo zihamba ngokulinganayo kuzo zombili izindiza ezivundlile nezima mpo.

Izibani zisebenza kakhulu phakathi nesikhathi semini. Ukudla kwabo kwenziwa ngezilwane ezingenamsoco, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ibhungane lingenela iringi elincane noma inyoka, futhi nalabo abaphuphe kakhulu badla amaqanda ezinyoni. Kepha esikhathini esiningi lezi ezihuquzelayo zidla izicabucabu, izimvemvane, isikhonyane, iminenke, amahlwili, izibungu, izintethe nezinye izakhamizi ezincane zezilwane zethu.

Shtehlin Lizard (Gallotia stehlini).

Ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka ezikhungweni amahlandla amaningi ngenkathi eyodwa, kepha izinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zizala kanye ngonyaka. Izinsikazi zilala, bese zingcwaba enhlabathini, amaqanda, inani lazo lingashiyana kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-18 (ngokuya ngosayizi wesigcilikisha). Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuhlala ezinsukwini ezingama-21 kuya kumaviki ayi-6 (kuya ngeqondo lokushisa elikhona). Ezinye izinhlobo zamazibuko ama-viviparous; athela amathole izinyanga ezintathu. Izibungu ziphila ngeminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu.

Abazingeli abaphambili bezikhala zemvelo yilezi: izingwamza, izinyoka, amfishi, amarenke, ama-shrikes, ama-hoopoes, amaqhude nezinza ezincane.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

I-Lizard: incazelo, isakhiwo, izici. Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-lizard?

Imvamisa, izibankwa zithathwa njengazo zonke izidalwa ezinemilenze, kepha eziningi zazo ezingenamilenze nazo zingezazo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinyamazane, ngokwesilinganiso sezazi zezilwane emhlabeni wethu kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezi-6000 ezahlukahlukene zezikhala, futhi zonke, ngokweqiniso, ziyehluka ngemikhuba yazo, ukubukeka, umbala nendawo yazo yokuhlala. Ezinye zezinhlobo ezikhethekile zamazibuko njengamanje seziseduze kokuqothulwa, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu zibhalwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu.

Isibankwa sangempela esivame kakhulu sinobude bomzimba obungu-10-40 cm. Umzimba we-lizard mude, unwebekile, ubude futhi unomsila omude.

Ngokungafani nezihlobo zazo zezinyoka, izibankwa ezinamajwabu amehlo ashukumisayo futhi ahlukanisiwe. Imilenze yesigcilikazi yinde ngobude obuphakathi, inezimpondo futhi ngokuvamile ilingana nomzimba wayo ombozwe izikali ze-keratinized. Isikhumba sezwekazi siyacasuka ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa amahlandla ambalwa ngesizini; kwezinye izilimi zomhlaba, lesi sici esimangazayo salezi ezihuqayo ziguqula isikhumba sazo saze sabanika negama. Ikakhulu, olimini lwethu, igama elithi “lizard” livela egameni lesiRussia elidala elithi “isivinini”, elisho ukuthi “isikhumba”, noma “isikhumba” uma kubhalwa kakhulu.

Ulimi lwesilozi, kuya ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo, lunesimo nobukhulu obuhlukile, njengoba lulonke lusebenza kalula, futhi luphuma kalula luphuma emlonyeni. Futhi ezinye izibankwa zisebenzisa ulimi lwazo ukudoba nhlobo.

Amazinyo esibankwa nawo ayizikhali zawo, ngosizo lwawo abamba futhi agaya ukudla, futhi ngamazinyo abukhali amazinyo abukhali asika inyamazane. Phakathi kwezikhala kukhona nommeleli onobuthi kuphela, oqanjwe ngokufanele - izinyo elinobuthi, okuthi, ngokulunywa, lifake ubuthi kwisisulu salo, ngaleyondlela liyibulale.

Isikhumba sezilo sinakho, kuye ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo, singaba nemibala ehlukahlukene kanye namaphethini.

Umbala (umbala) wesilulu nawo uyahlukahluka, izinhlobo zazo eziningi zingashintsha ngokuya ngesimo, kwesinye isikhathi ukuhlangana kwangempela nendawo ezungezile - ukulingisa kombala kungenye yezindlela eziphambili zokuvikela. Imvamisa, izibankwa ziba nenhlanganisela yemibala grey, nsundu neluhlaza.

Izinyoka zihluke kanjani kwizibankwa?

Lezo zinhlobo zamaqhude angenayo imilenze acishe afane ngokufana nezinyoka. Isibungu esinjalo sifaka, ngokwesibonelo, i-copperfish, abaningi abayithatha njengenyoka, yize empeleni siyisigcwala esingenamilenze. Kepha ungasihlukanisa kanjani isibankwa esingenamlenze lezi zinyoka zangempela?

• Umehluko wokuqala phakathi kwezinyoka nezikhonkwane yizinkophe. Ngezinyoka, amajwabu amehlo ashabalalisiwe futhi abonakala, ngenxa yalesi sizathu izinyoka azikaze ziqhume. Emazibukweni, esikhundleni salokho, izinkophe ziyasebenza futhi ziyasho lutho ngokuhleleka kwazo kwezinto.
• Inyoka ayinazo izitho zokuzwa, kepha ibhungane linazo; zombili izinhlangothi zekhanda lazo zivuleke izindlebe zimbozwe yi-eardrums.
• Ukuhlikihla nezinyoka nezinyoka kwenzeka ngezindlela ezihlukile, izinyoka zizama ukuchitha isikhumba sazo endaweni eyodwa, ngaphambi kokuba zifakwe emanzini, izibungu zichithe kancane, ziphonse izingcezu zesikhumba.

Ungayihlukanisa kanjani i-newt kusuka ku-lizard?

Futhi, kwesinye isikhathi izibankwakazi zididaniswa nama-newts, futhi, ngokweqiniso, zinokufana kakhulu: isakhiwo esifanayo samawashi nomzimba, inhloko enjengeyenyoka, umsila omude oyindilinga, izinkophe ezinde ezihambayo nokunye okuningi. Kodwa noma kunjalo kukhona umehluko omningi phakathi kwayo:

• Umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ukwakheka kwesikhumba okuhlukile, uma izibankwakazi zihlala zilukhuni isikhumba, khona-ke emithini entsha bushelelezi ngokuphelele futhi ku-mucous lapho kuthintwa.
• AmaNewts awazi ukuthi angawuphonsa kanjani umsila wawo, kanti izibankwakazi kalula futhi zimane zisuse le ngxenye yomzimba wazo uma kungenzeka kube yingozi.
• Izibungu zinogebhezi oluqinile futhi olu-ossified; kuma-newts, i-cartilaginous.
• Ngenkathi izibungu ziphefumula kuphela ngosizo lwamaphaphu, izidalwa ezintsha ziyakwazi ukuphefumula, ngamaphaphu nezinsimbi, nangosizo lesikhumba sazo.
• Uma izibankwakazi zizalela amaqanda, khona-ke ama-newts ahola inqubo yawo yokuzala njengezinhlanzi - emanzini nangokuqhuma.

Umsila wesilo. Isikhova siwulahla kanjani umsila waso?

Enye yezinto ezimangalisa futhi eziyingqayizivele yesilozi, yiqiniso ikhono laso sokuphonsa umsila waso ezimeni eziphuthumayo, noma i-autotonia, njengoba lesi simo sibizwa ngokwesayensi. Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Ukuqhekeka kwezicubu zomsila we-lizard kuyivumela ukuba iphule ukwakheka kwe-cartilaginous ye-vertebrae futhi ngaleyo ndlela ilahle iningi lomsila. Imithambo yegazi kulokhu imincane kakhulu, futhi akukho ukulahleka kwegazi ngale nqubo. Umsila olahliwe uqhubeka nokugunda isikhashana, okhipha isitha, kanti ibhungane liyakwazi ukucasha ngalesi sikhathi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umsila wesilova uyakhula futhi, yize ngendlela ethile efinqiwe.

Iqiniso elihehayo: kwenzeka futhi ukuthi ngemuva kwe-autotonia, hhayi eyodwa, kepha imisila emibili noma ngisho emithathu ikhula kwisidladla.

Ungasihlukanisa kanjani isibankwakazi sowesilisa?

Izikhala zabesilisa nabesifazane zibukeka zifana, noma ngabe kunezimpawu ezimbalwa umuntu anganquma ngazo ubulili bezikhala.

• Kwezinye izinhlobo zama-lizons, njengama-basilisks nama-iguanas aluhlaza, abesilisa bane-crest ekhanyayo emhlane wabo.
• Ama-spurs emilengeni angolunye uphawu lwendoda “phakathi kwezidladla.
• Ungase futhi unqume ubulili besibungu ngama-sacs womphimbo ezinye izinhlobo ezinazo.

Ngokuvamile, zonke izindlela zokunquma ubulili besithongwane aziphelele, futhi kungenzeka ukwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi umfana noma intombazane kungakwenza lokhu kuphela ngokuhlolwa kwegazi lezizumbulu ze-testosterone eyenziwe emtholampilo wezokwelapha ochwepheshe.

Mangaki amabhungane ahlala emvelweni nasekhaya?

Ukuphila isikhathi eside kwamaqhude kuncike kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zawo, imvamisa, ibhungane lifushane, lifushane isikhathi salo sokuphila. Ngakho-ke abamele abancane kakhulu embusweni wezibankwakazi baphila ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka emi-3, kuyilapho enkulu kunazo zonke: ama-iguanas kanye nokuqapha izibankwa ziphila iminyaka engama-50-70, cishe njengabantu. Futhi ekudingisweni, baphila isikhathi eside ukwedlula ezingozini zemvelo.

Ahlala kuphi ama-lizons?

Izibungu zihlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle, kwe-Antarctica. Ngokuvamile, bathanda isimo sezulu esifudumele, bangatholakala emahlathini, emaceleni, ezintabeni, eziwugwadule zanoma iyiphi ingxenye yomhlaba. Zihamba kahle kunoma iyiphi indawo, zibambelele kuzo ngokunamathela.

Iqiniso elihehayo: izinhlobo zamadwala zezinsikazi zimane nje zingama-jumpers amahle kakhulu, ukuphakama kokugxuma kwazo kwesinye isikhathi kungafinyelela kumamitha amane.

Ngabe zidlani izibungu emvelweni?

Izibani ziyizilwane ezihlasimulisayo; phela, ziyizisulu ngokwengeziwe futhi ukudla kwazo kudla ngokuqondile kuya ngohlobo nosayizi wesigcilikisha esithile. Izikelemu ezincane zidla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene: izimvemvane, izintethe, isikhonyane, iminenke, izibungu ezahlukahlukene. Isilozi esikhulu, ngokwesibonelo, inyamazane eqapha inyamazane ngezilwane ezincane ezinhlobonhlobo: amasele, izinyoka, amagundane, ayinandaba nokudla amaqanda enyoni. Futhi izibankwakazi ezinkulu kakhulu - qapha izibankwa ezivela eKomoda Island zize zihlasele izingulube zasendle, izinyathi kanye nezinyamazane.

Izingulube ziqale zize ziye esixukwini sazo, bese zenza ijerk ngokushesha futhi ziyifice ngezihlakala namazinyo abukhali.

Njengoba izibankwa zingama-omnivores, zingadla nokudla okwenziwe ngemifino - impova evela ezitshalweni, izithelo ezivuthiwe, amaqabunga ezihlahla. Kunezinhlobo zezimbungulu eziholela ngokuphelele esimweni sokuphila semifino, kodwa iningi lezikhonkwane zisakuthanda ukudla inyama.

Izitha zezinyoni ngemvelo

Kepha izibungu ngokwazo, ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, zinezitha eziningi, phakathi kwazo kukhona, kubandakanya nezihlobo zazo eziseduze kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, izibankwa ezifanayo zidla ngenhlanhla ezinye izibankwa ezincane. Bahlaselwa yizinyoni zezinyamazane (izikhova, izinkozi, izidleke), izilwane ezidla ezinye: izimpungushe, amabhere, izimpisi, ama-martens, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho namakati. Usongo olukhulu kwizibankwa eziningi izinyoka nazo.

Iqembu le-Infa

Lokhu kubandakanya imindeni elandelayo:

• izibankwa zangempela ezihlala e-Eurasia, e-Afrika nase-USA,
• izibungu zasebusuku ezihlala eCuba naseMelika Ephakathi,
• gerrosaurs - "izakhamizi" zeSahara noFr. EMadagascar
• skink - bukhoma yonke indawo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo,
• I-Theiids - ihlala eMelika eseNingizimu nePhakathi,
• bhinca-imisila - ngihlala eningizimu yeSahara neMadagascar,
• hymnophthalmids - isatshalaliswa kusuka eningizimu yeCentral America kuya eningizimu yeSouth America.

Iqembu le-infrared

Lokhu kufaka phakathi abamele izikhulu ezinkulu zezibankwa - qapha izibankwa, ezihlukaniswe futhi zaba yimindeni eminingana. Ama-Lizards ahlala ezingxenyeni eziningi ze-Afrika, e-Asia, e-Australia, naseNew Guinea naseziqhingini eziningi ze-Oceania.

I-Komodo lizard - isibankwa esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni

Futhi okuyingozi kakhulu. Isikhova seKomodo, esikhulu kunazo zonke izikhala ezikhona emhlabeni, sikufanele ngokukhethekile ukubizwa. AmaKomodo aqapha izinyathi zihlala e-Indonesia esiqhingini saseKomodo futhi ziyamangala ngosayizi wazo omangalisayo - I-lizod yokuqapha i-Komodo ingamamitha amathathu ubude, inesisindo esingu-80-85 kg. Akumangazi ukuthi lezi zibungu ezinkulu kwesinye isikhathi zihlasela nezinkomo.

Isilobe saseKomodo naso siyingozi enkulu, okubandakanya abantu - sekube nezigameko eziningi zokuhlaselwa kwalezi zibungu kubantu eziphele ngokufa kwalaba bantu.

Ukuzalanisa kwe-lizizard

Isikhathi sokukhwelana ezikhungweni zezinyosi zenzeka entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Izikhala ezinkulu zizalela kanye ngonyaka, zincanyana kaningana ngesizini. Uma abesilisa abaningana bezenza owesimame oyedwa, uthola owesilisa omkhulu kunabo bonke. Ama-pain amancane wesilisa akhethe ukungalwi nomuntu ophikisana naye onamandla. Kodwa-ke, uma ubungako babenzi bezicelo bulingana, kuzoba nokulwa phakathi kwabo, kuthi abesilisa balume ngobudlova. Ngenxa yalokho, insikazi ithola ukuwina okunamandla.

Esikhathini esithile emva kokukhulelwa, insikazi ekhulelwe izalela amaqanda, izibankwa ezincane zibekela amaqanda ama-4 ngesikhathi, kuyilapho ezikhulu zingazalela amaqanda angama-18 ngasikhathi. Ubukhulu beqanda buyehluka futhi, ngokwesibonelo, kwi-gecko encane enamazondo, ubungako beqanda abudluli ngamamilimitha ambalwa ubude, ngenkathi kukilozi yokuqapha iKomodo, iqanda lingama-10 cm ubude.

Izinyoni ezinakekela omama zingcwaba ubumbeko bazo ngaphansi komhlaba noma zifihle ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezifihliwe, emihumeni, emiseleni. Isikhathi sokufakwa emaqanda ama-lizard sihlala emavikini ama-3, size sifike ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5, ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi kuvela izibankwa ezincane, eziqala ngokushesha impilo yokuzimela.

Ungayondla kanjani imbungulu ekhaya?

Futhi izinhlobo eziningi ezingaphezulu zezibankwakazi ziyizilwane ezithandwa kakhulu ze-terrarium, phakathi kwazo i-Yemeni chameleon, i-agama enentshebe, iguana yangempela nezinye. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izibungu zizala kahle futhi zizizwe zikhululekile. Kepha uma uthatha isinqumo sokuthola isililo sezilwane, lapho-ke uzobhekana nombuzo wokuphakelwa okufanele kwezilwane ezifuywayo eziningi kangaka ezihlukile.

Ngenhlanhla, mayelana nokudla ukudla, i-lizard ayibukeki imnandi, ngenkathi efudumele idinga ukondliwa kathathu ngosuku, futhi ebusika, ngenxa yomsebenzi ophansi wesilokotho uqobo, ingondliwa kabili kuphela ngosuku. Yebo, izibungu zokudla, izintethe, izicabucabu, amaqanda enkukhu amasha kanye nezicucu zenyama eluhlaza kufanelekile njengokudla kwesidladla. Kuthiwa izibankwakazi zithanda kakhulu ingxube yenkukhu ebhobozekile ebilisiwe, izaqathi ezigayiwe kanye ulethisi.Kubalulekile futhi kakhulu ukuthi isibankwa endaweni terrarium kwaba njalo amanzi ahlanzekile okuphuza.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nezibankwa

• Basilisk izibankwa Ungahambisa emanzini. Futhi lokhu akuyona isimangaliso kweBhayibheli, kanye nemithetho yemvelo, ukuhamba kwamanzi kufinyelelwa mmangalelwa ngokushesha futhi njalo kakhulu indluzelekazi nemilenze izibankwa.
• Izibungu, njengezinye izilwane eziningi, azihlukanisi imibala, kepha ngokungafani nabaningi babo ababona umhlaba ngombala omnyama nomhlophe, izibankwakazi zibheka ngokusebenzisa izibuko zamawolintshi ngomqondo ongokoqobo - zibona umhlaba wonke njengemibala ehlukene ye-orange.
• gourmets Colombian sicabangele ezinye amaqanda isibankwa uju enkulu. Kukhona ngisho wabanjwa ngokukhethekile abakhulelwe izibankwa besifazane futhi iguanas, ohlehliswe amaqanda abo esiswini isuswe isilonda ngokwayo bezihlikihla izinkuni umlotha, bese ake insikazi, kahle, amaqanda uthole etafuleni lokudlela.

Ividiyo ye-Lizard

Lapho ngibhala i-athikili ngazama ukuyenza ibe mnandi, isebenziseke futhi ibe sezingeni eliphezulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngingabonga kakhulu nganoma iyiphi impendulo kanye nokugxekwa okwakhayo ngendlela yamazwana esihlokweni. Ungabhala futhi isifiso sakho / umbuzo / isiphakamiso ku-mail yami [email protected] noma kuFacebook, ngokuhlonipha umbhali.

Lesi sihloko itholakala ngesiNgisi - Lizard.