UChekhon ngokubukeka ngeke kudideke nokunye. Ngokubukeka kwayo kwasekuqaleni uChekhon uthole amagama amaningi - i-herring, okokucacisa, i-saber, ukugunda nabanye. I-Chekhon yinhlanzi emnandi. Wamukelwa kakhulu ngabathandi benyama enamafutha nethenda. Imvamisa i-chekhon idliwa yomisiwe, enosawoti bese ibhema. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni eziningi lapho kuhlalwa khona, ukudotshwa kweChekhon akuvinjelwe futhi kungaphansi kokuvikela imvelo, ngoba ngenxa yokudoba kaningi, inani lezinhlanzi laqala ukwehla kakhulu.
Incazelo
UChekhon unomzimba omude, uthambile ezinhlangothini, emuva unombala oluhlaza okotshani kanye nesisu somthunzi okhanyayo. Amaphisi wezinhlanzi ezinsundu grey kanti izinhlayiya eziseceleni ziphuzi. IChekhon inomzimba omise okwe-saber, kamuva oncindezelwe, umhlane oqondile, isisu esincishisiwe, umhlathi ophansi ugobile ngokushesha. Umhlane wakhe unombala onsundu, izinhlangothi nesisu zimhlophe-ngesiliva, amachaphaza amancanyana namacici e-caudal grey, angaphansi ane-tint ebomvu, amehlo makhulu, anesiliva. I-Chekhon ihlukile kumaphinifa we-pectoral, amakhulu kakhulu futhi ngesimo afana ne-chekhon uqobo.
Ukusatshalaliswa nezindawo zokuhlala
Indawo yezinhlanzi ibanzi ngokwanele. Izinhlanzi ezilwandle zihamba ngendlela eyinqaba futhi zihlala kakhulu kumanzi okugcina amanzi, imifula kanye namachibi. Noma kunjalo, ingaphila olwandle nganoma yisiphi usawoti. Isisekelo sezilwandle sifaka izansi zolwandle: iBaltic, iCaspian, iMnyama neAral. Ihlala emizimbeni yamanzi entsha yase-Asia naseYurophu emazweni - iRussia, iJalimane, iPoland, iFinland, iSweden, iBulgaria, iRomania, iHungary, i-Austria nabanye. Phakathi kwemifula, lapho kune-Chekhony eningi khona, umuntu angahlukanisa iDniester, iDnieper, Don, Western Dvina, ibug, iDanube, Kuban, Kura, Ural, Terek, Volga, Neva, Amu Darya neSyr Darya kanye neminye imifula. AmaChekhon amaningi kunamachibi amaningi - iLadoga, i-Onega, i-Ilmen, iSarykamash, iKelifskie Lakes. Ibuye ihlale ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi. Phakathi kwalezo ziindawo zokugcina i-Khauzhan.
Kwezinye izindawo iChekhon inesimo senhlanzi evikelekile, futhi ukudoba kuyenqatshelwe noma kulawulwa ngokuqinile yiziphathimandla. Phakathi kwalezi zindawo, umuntu angahlukanisa izindawo ezifika phezulu zoMfula iDnieper, okuyiSifunda saseBryansk, iNorth Donets River neChibi laseKelkar. I-Chekhon ibhekwa njengenhlobo yezilwane ezisengozini kulezi zindawo.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwezinhlanzi izinambuzane, izibungu, i-caviar kanye nefry kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezincane.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo zasolwandle, kukhona neChekhon enamanzi ahlanzekile, ehlala ezindlini ezihlanzekile ezisenyakatho neRussia (imifula esheshayo, amadamu kanye namachibi).
Ubudala nosayizi
Ebudaleni, le nhlanzi ifinyelela kubude obungama-60 cm futhi inesisindo esingama-1.5 kg (imvamisa engama-400-600 g). Ngonyaka wesithathu noma wesihlanu wokuphila, ngemuva kokuvuthwa okugcwele, izinhlanzi ziqhuma ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni emanzini ngokushisa kwama-20- degrees. Amaqanda anesakhiwo esinganamatheli futhi abhabha ngokukhululeka emanzini. I-Chekhon Fry feed ikakhulukazi kwi-zooplankton, kanye nezinambuzane zomhlaba kanye nezibungu zazo.
UChekhon ufinyelela eminyakeni yobudala engu-3-4. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, izinhlanzi zivuthwa ngokocansi ngaphambili - eminyakeni engama-2-3, nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho, ngakolunye uhlangothi - eminyakeni engama-4-5. Ubude bomzimba obuphakathi kweChekhon ovuthiwe ngocansi ngamasentimitha ayi-15-20. Futhi, ngokuya ngendawo, kukhona umehluko ngesikhathi sokuluka kanye nendlela yokunwebeka. Ngakho-ke ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ukuqhekeka kwenzeka ekuqaleni, cishe ngo-Ephreli - Meyi, kanye nokwanda kwezinsikazi ngezingxenye emaphashini amabili. Futhi ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, ukuqhekeka kwenzeka ngoMeyi-Juni bese ikhuluniki ikhungathwa ngasikhathi. Kepha ukufana okuvamile kukhona. Amazinga okushisa aphakathi wamanzi endaweni yokugcina amanzi ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kufanele afike kumazinga okushisa ayi-15- 20. IChekhon ithola indawo yezindawo ezinwebayo ngesifundo esinomusa kanye nokujula kwamamitha ayi-1.5-6.
I-Chekhon imvamisa ayidluli ku-20-30 cm ubude futhi inesisindo esingu-150-200 g. Futhi bambalwa kuphela abade kuze kube yi-50 cm ubude futhi banesisindo esingu-800-900 g.
Inqubo yokuphonsa i-caviar ithule impela. I-caviar ekhethiwe inegobolondo enamathele nobubanzi bamamilimitha ayi-1.5 futhi ihlala phansi. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, i-caviar iyajuluka futhi inyuke ngevolumu. Manje ububanzi bayo bungamamilimitha angama-3-4. Ukuzala kowesifazane oyedwa amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30-150, kuya ngeminyaka yobudala, ubukhulu besifazane nendawo leyo ikhenesi ehlala kuyo. Amaqanda avuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-2-4, ngokuya ngeqondo lokushisa elikhona, okungukuthi, amanzi echibini. Izibungu ezisanda kubanjwa zesabrefish zinobude bomzimba wamamilimitha angama-5, kepha zikhula ngokushesha futhi zikhule bese kuthi ekuqaleni zidle nge-yolk yazo. Futhi lapho befika ezinsukwini eziyishumi zeminyaka, bashintshela ku-plankton futhi bondla kuyo kuphela. Kuze kube yisikhathi sokuthomba, ama-sabrefish amancane akhula ngesivinini esisheshayo, bese ukukhula kanye nokukhula kuncipha kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokusaphaza, amaduna nezinsikazi ezisakazayo zidla okuncane, kepha ngemuva kokuhlakazeka ziqala ukudla kakhulu. Ukudla kwenzeka kakhulu ekuseni nasesikhathini sasemini, kepha ikakhulukazi abalambile bangaya ukuzingela futhi ebusuku.
Indlela yokuphila
I-Chekhony ifaka phakathi ukudla kwezilwane nezitshalo ekudleni. Ebusheni, izinhlanzi ikakhulu zondla e-zooplankton kanye ne-phytoplankton, futhi ngezinambuzane zeminyaka, izibungu, izibungu kanye nenhlanzi yentsha ziba ngumthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwazo. Kwezinambuzane ehlobo, uChekhon ugxuma ephuma emanzini azibambe lapho kubhabho. Izinhlanzi ezincane nezingenamahloni ezinamahloni ezingela uChekhon ngokulandelayo. Uvame ukubhukuda nesisulu sakhe emhlambini, bese kuthi ngokunyakaza okubukhali kugxume izisulu bese kuya ezansi. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, i-chekhon iyavela futhi kulo mhlambi bese iqala ukufuna esinye isisulu. IChekhon ngokwayo iyinhlanzi ejabulisayo futhi engenamahloni, ihlasela inyamazane yayo ngokushesha nangomdlandla. Ngomlingiswa ofanayo, i-chekhon iwela kulokho okuhlanganisiwe, ngakho-ke ukulunywa kwe-chekhon kuhlala kubukhali futhi kubonakala kahle. I-Chekhon idla ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sasemini, futhi ebusuku ifihla ezindaweni zayo zokukhosela ikakhulukazi ezansi kwedamu.
Ukubamba i-sabrefish
Izinamathiselo zokubamba i-sabrefish zisetshenziswa ngokuhlukile futhi kuya ngenkathi yonyaka. Ama-Chekhon pecks at the worm and maggot bora kunawo wonke, kepha ehlobo ungasebenzisa izinambuzane ezinjengempukane, udrako, intethe, bese ubamba phezu kwamanzi. Ekwindla, ibanjwa kahle ku-fry yezinye izinhlanzi, futhi futhi ungakhohlisa i-sabrefish ngezingcezu ze-polystyrene foam noma irabha le-foam, izinhlanzi ezizothatha isibungu noma isibungu. Amanye ama-angler asebenzisa ama-baubles nokukhanga okukhangayo njengezithiyo, futhi angaphumeleli.
Ukuze uthole inzalo enkulu nenjabulo enkulu, sebenzisa amagiya anjengodondolo oluyintaba, izindiza zokudoba ezindizayo, ukuqina nokunwebeka. Lapho ukhetha igiya, kufanele unake ikhwalithi yayo nemishini. Ngakho-ke ubude benduku kufanele bube ngamamitha ayi-4-6, ububanzi bendawo yokudoba ngu-0,5 mm. Kusebenza umugqa wokudoba oshashalazi - 0.15-0.17 mm. Ukukhetha kwe-hook kuncike ngosayizi nekhwalithi ye-nozzle, kodwa kuvame ukusetshenziswa kweNo. 3-5.
Ama-cheecon we-Chekhon ngokushesha futhi ngokuzethemba aginya isiheho. Lapho uluma, ngokushesha okuntantayo kungena ngaphansi kwamanzi kuya ohlangothini. Akunzima ukubopha i-chekhon, kodwa noma kunjalo kufanelekile ukubheka ukunemba nokuqapha. Izinhlanzi zidoba kancane futhi kancane, kancane kancane zidonsele umugqa wokudoba uzenzele zona. Inhlanzi ihlwitha phezu kwamanzi, kepha ayikhuliswanga ngaphezu kwamanzi, ngoba ingaqhamuka (i-chekhon inezindebe ezincanyana kakhulu, futhi zingaphula ngaphansi kwesisindo senhlanzi). Uma konke kwenziwa ngokucophelela futhi ngaphandle komsindo omkhulu nokuphikisana okukhulu, khona-ke endaweni efanayo ungabamba inani elanele lezinhlanzi esikoleni esisodwa. Kepha uma ulusa umhlambi, kuyofanela uye kwenye indawo. Futhi, ungangashisi futhi ubambe isikhathi eside endaweni eyodwa uma kungekho ukuluma isikhathi eside. Umhlambi uhamba ngokushesha, ngakho-ke inketho engcono kakhulu kungaba ukubamba i-sabrefish esikebheni. Kuphela lokhu kuzodingeka usebenzise oars, hhayi imoto, engakwesabisa zonke izinhlanzi. Lapho udoba i-sabrefish, ukubamba okuncane akulimazi, yize kungenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle kwayo.
Izindawo zokuhlala ze-Habitat nezindawo ezihlala kuzo
Inhlanzi yeSaber ichitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini ajulile, avulekile. Ehlobo likhuphuka kusuka ekujuleni kokufuna ukudla. Ingatholakala nakanjani ezindaweni ezine-yamanje enamandla naku-whirlpools. Ngokuvamile, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyithola eduze kogu.
Izikole zale nhlanzi zitholakala ikakhulu ezindaweni ezikhulu kakhulu futhi ngokushesha okukhulu.
UChekhon kwathatha uhambo lwamanzi asezindaweni eziseningizimu yeRussia, izidumbu zamanzi zangena phakathi:
- eBaltic,
- Mnyama
- Caspian
- nolwandle lwe-Azov.
Amanzi angaguquki e-turbid, inhlanzi ithanda imifula enamanzi nemijikelezo ehlanzekile. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana emifudlaneni emincane. Ebusika, izinhlanzi ezimise okomhluzi, ziqoqana imihlambi yezinhlobo eziyi-10-20, zithanda amanzi athule. Esimweni sezulu esihle, esipholile, ungabuka ukuhamba kwezinhlanzi kusuka endaweni ethile kuya kwenye. Lapho isimo sezulu singakhululeki: imihlambi yezithelo ezinomoya enomoya noma enamandla yobuhle besiliva ilala endaweni eyodwa.
Isikhathi sokuhlanza
Inhlanzi ye-saber ingazala, isifinyelele esikhathini sokuthomba, esenzeka esikhathini esivela eminyakeni emi-2 kuye kwengama-4, ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Inqubo yokuzala kabusha ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu iqala phambilini kunaphakathi kwezakhamuzi ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho yendawo yayo. Inhlanzi iqala ukuphuma lapho amanzi aselondolozini noma emfuleni ekhuphuka eba uphawu lokunethezeka lwe + 120C.
Izinsuku zokuqagela kokulinganisa okulinganiselwe zingoMeyi noJuni. Inqubo yokuqhamuka kwempilo entsha yenzeka emibhedeni yomfula eduze kobuso bamanzi. Amaqanda abanjwe ukunyakaza kwamanje futhi kancane kancane acwila aze abheke phansi. Uma indawo "yokuhlala yaphakade" ichibi noma isichibi sokufakelwa, khona-ke inqubo yokuvela kwempilo entsha yenzeka ezindaweni ezinokugcwala komoya-mpilo.
Kungaba ngumlomo wemifula emincane nemifudlana emincane. Ukusabalalisa ikakhulukazi kwenzeka ekujuleni okusukela kumamitha ayi-1.5 kuye kwayisithupha. Yonke inqubo ithatha izinsuku eziyisithupha kuya kwezingu-10.
Ukuziphatha Nempilo
Ukudla okuyisisekelo yi-zooplankton, izibungu nezinambuzane ezincane. Uthandisa abafowabo abancane:
- roach
- isicabucabu
- Musa ukudelela i-gudgeon encane.
Ngenkathi ezingela abafowethu abancane, uyahlanya ngomqondo ongokoqobo wegama futhi ugijimele kukho konke okushukumisayo noma okufana nokudla.
Isici sokuzingela umhlambi
Umhlambi walolu hlobo usondela entweni ewuzingelayo, futhi isikhathi esithile uzungeza yona, ungabeki izinhloso zayo. Ngemuva kwalokho ubambe isisulu esigaxekile bese eya ekujuleni ukuze ayodla. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, iphinde inamathele kunhlanzi engayibheki, ibhukuda eduze kwayo.
Inqubo yokuhlasela iyaphindwa. Umhlaseli onjenge-saber udla ukudla ekuseni nakusihlwa. Lesi yisikhathi esisebenza kakhulu sokuzingela kwakhe. Isimo sezulu esinamafu, inqubo yokudla ingathatha usuku lonke. Lapho kuqala inyanga egcwele, inhlanzi “isebenza” kuphela ebusuku.
Izikhathi zokudoba ama-squirrels
Ungabona ngezinkathi zokudoba kwe-sabrefish nomsebenzi wokuluma kwalo ekhasini elihlukile lephrojekthi yethu ukudoba i-chekhon noma esihlokweni:
Uma ubamba le zinhlobo futhi indlela yokubamba i-chekhon? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ayinangqondo ngemuva kokusakazeka. Kudlula isikhathi esincane lapho inhlanzi ihlangana futhi isuka enqubeni bese, ilambile, inyathela iyofuna ukudla.
Kuyadingeka ukubuyisa amabutho alahlekile, kufaka phakathi impi yokulwa nokugeleza nokuhamba okungapheli. Ngesikhathi se-zhora, kuvame ukutholakala endaweni esheshayo nemingcele yamanje, lapho imi, ilinde ukudla okudlayo. Kungaba izinambuzane eziwele emanzini.
Emifuleni evinjelwe yi-platinamu, ama-cyprinid ayaphila ngokuxhuma kwamanzi anomoya-mpilo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi kuvulwa iplatinamu engenhla.
Ngalesi sikhathi, konke ku-jet. Ungabuka inqubo yokubulawa kwabangane abancane nokudla okondlayo kwezifuyo ezihlanjiwe ngumfula wamanzi ovela ogwini.
Ungayibamba kanjani i-chekhon nokuthi ubambe ini? Funda ngakho futhi hhayi engxenyeni yesibili yendatshana.
Ukupheka kukaChekhon
Isimo se-saber esakhiwe, esinama -fishfish amancane, siyadideka. Noma kunconywa ukuyisebenzisa ngokudla kokudla. Inhlanzi enamafutha aphakathi nendawo, enokuqukethwe kwama-calorie angama-88 cL aqukethe amagremu ayi-17 amaprotheni kanye nama-2 amagremu wamafutha, iyathandeka kakhulu ngokunambitheka.
Inhlanzi, noma incane ngosayizi, kepha iqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezinosizo nezinempilo. I-Magnesium, phosphorus, potassium - leli iqoqo elingaphelele lezimpawu zalo ezinhle.
Kukholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kunomthelela ekukhuleni kwezinwele nezinzipho futhi kusebenze ngenkuthalo i-enamel yezinyo. Kuyafakazelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa njalo kwalezinhlobo kusiza ukuqeda ama-acid ayingozi emzimbeni futhi kusimamise ushukela wegazi.
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukupheka, gill, izitho zangaphakathi ziyasuswa kuwo bese izikali zisuswa. Kuhle kuthosiwe futhi ku-stewed, ikakhulukazi ngemifino. Izinhlanzi ezibanjiwe zivame ukufakwa usawoti. Inqubo yokulungiselela iyafana nalapho usika, kepha ngaphandle kokukhipha isikali. Bese ufafaza usawoti bese ubeka endaweni epholile yosuku. Ubhiya nenhlanzi kungumqondo ohlukanisiwe!
Kumnandi ukudla inyama yezinhlanzi futhi uzizwe namafutha egeleza ngesandla, eyigeza phansi ngotshwala obandayo!
Imvamisa, izinhlanzi ze-saber ziphekwe ku-grill, zibheme ngezinga elingaphansi. Kodwa-ke, le nhlanzi ayifanele bonke abantu. Kukhona ama-contraindication okudingeka ukwazi nokukhumbula. Labo abanezinkinga ngohlelo lokudla kufanele bagweme kangcono ukukudla noma badle izingxenye ezincane zenhlanzi eyosiwe noma ebhakiwe. Uhlu oluphelele lwezindlela zokupheka ze-chekhon lungatholakala lapha.
Njengoba usujwayelene nezindawo ezihlala kuzo, amathuba osizo oludinga ukuloba. Mayelana nokuthi yini, nini futhi kuphi ukubamba, futhi kanjani ukubamba chekhon ifundwe engxenyeni yesibili Indaba yethu.
Funda izincazelo zezinhlanzi ezinokuthula nezinyamazane kumakhasi e-Ribalka-vsem.ru kuwebhusayithi. Bukela amavidiyo ahehayo futhi awusizo kusuka ekudobeni naseholide. Bhalisela amakhasi ethu ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.
Izitolo ezinhle zokudoba online vumela ukuthi uthenge noma yiziphi izimpahla zokudoba ngamanani wokuncintisana!
Silandele zokuxhumana - Ngabo sishicilela imininingwane eminingi ethokozisayo, izithombe namavidiyo.
Izingxenye ezithandwayo zesayithi:
Ikhalenda lomdobi likuvumela ukuthi uqonde ukuthi zonke izinhlayiya zezinhlanzi zihamba kanjani, kuya ngesikhathi sonyaka nenyanga.
Ikhasi lokulwa nokudotshwa lizokutshela ngezindlela eziningi ezidumile zokulwa nokudoba namagiya.
Ama-Nozzles ngokudoba - sichaza ngokuningiliziwe okuphilayo, isitshalo, okufakwayo nokungajwayelekile.
Esihlokweni sendawo yokuloba, uzojwayela izinhlobo eziphambili, kanye namaqhinga okusetshenziswa kwawo.
Hlola konke ukudoba ukuze ube ngumdobi wangempela futhi ufunde ukuthi ungayikhetha kanjani efanele.
Ukuvela kwe-sabrefish
UChekhon ungowomndeni omkhulu wezinhlanzi ze-carp. Lokhu kungukudotshwa kwezinhlanzi ezincane ezihlala emanzini amade. Ngaphandle, yinhlanzi ethokozisayo, futhi isici sayo esiyingqayizivele sokuhlukanisa isikali esincane kakhulu esicwebezelayo, njengokungathi simbozwe yisiliva. Ezinhlangothini, umzimba ucindezelwe kakhulu, ikhanda lilincane, linamehlo amakhulu nomlomo ogobeke phezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka komzimba wakhe kuyinto engajwayelekile - umhlane wakhe uqondile ngokuphelele, isisu sakhe siyanuka. Ngenxa yalokhu izici chekhon ebizwa nangokuthi i-saber, saber, side, Czech. Esiswini kukhona i-keel, lapho kungekho silinganiso. Umbala wesikali sezinhlanzi ngemuva unombala oluhlaza okotshani noma ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izinhlangothi ziluhlaza.
Amanqina omhlane nomsila grey, angaphansi ane-tint ebomvu. Amaphinifa we-pectoral makhulu kakhulu, ezinhlanzini zalesi size, futhi ngesimo siphinda umzimba wesabfishfish. Isitho esizwelayo umugqa we-lateral, osesimweni se-zigzag, eduze nesisu.
Inhlanzi yaseCzech incane, inobude obungamasentimitha angama-60, enesisindo esingu-2 kg. Kepha abantu abanjalo bangabokucatshangwa njengokwejwayelekile. Ngezimboni zezimboni, abantu abancane bavukuzwa - usayizi ojwayelekile kubo ngu-20-30 cm ubude namagremu ayisisindo angama-150-200. Yila maCzechs amancane angavame ukuthengwa esitolo ngesimo esomile noma sokubhema. I-Chekhon emiswe yilanga inhlanzi emnandi kakhulu.
Indawo yokuhlala yaseChekhony
IChekhon iyinhlanzi eyindilinga emigodini yeBaltic, Aral, Black, Caspian ne-Azov Seas. Iningi lihlala emanzini amasha, yize lingaphila kunoma yiluphi usawoti futhi lidale izindlela eziphilayo olwandle.
Indawo yokuhlala yaseChekhony kukhulu kakhulu - indawo ehlala kuyo unomphela ifaka iRussia, iPoland, iJalimane, iFrance, iRomania, iHungary, iBulgaria namanye amazwe amaningi aseYurophu nase-Asia. Eziningi emifuleni yi-Dnieper, Don, Dniester, Danube, Kuban, Western Dvina, Kura, Bug, Terek, Urals, Volga, Neva, Amu Darya noSyr Darya.
Uma sikhuluma ngamachibi, khona-ke isibalo esikhulu sawo sihlala emachibini ase-Onega, eLadoga, iLake Ilmen kanye namachibi aseKelifskie. Izindlu zokuhlala nezindawo zokugcina ezinye. Naphezu kwebanga layo elikhulu, kwezinye izifunda chekhon kubhekiselwa ezinhlanzini ezisengozini futhi ivikelwe yiziphathimandla. Izindawo ezinjengalezi zifaka iDnieper ephezulu esifundeni saseBryansk, umfula iNorth Donets, iLake Chelkar.
IChekhon ithanda izidumbu zamanzi eziphakathi nendawo ezinkulu, emifuleni emincane nasemachibini ayitholakali. Ikhetha izindawo ezijulile ezingenamathikithi. Kwesinye isikhathi uchitha isikhathi kumawarsows, kepha kuphela uma kukhona i-yamanje esheshayo. Ithanda izindawo eziseduze kwama-whirlpools and rapids. Azikho izinhlanzi ezihamba eduze nolwandle.
Ukudla kweChekhon
I-Chekhon idla ngentshiseko ngesikhathi sasemini nakho konke ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Kwenzeka, ngesikhathi sasehlobo, gxuma emanzini ukubamba izinambuzane ezijikeleza ngaphezu kwaso. Izinhlanzi ezincane zondla ikakhulu kwi-zoo ne-phytoplankton. Futhi ekukhuleni udla izibungu, izibungu, izinambuzane kanye nefry yezinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene.
Uma umane ukhetha izinambuzane kusuka phansi noma zibambe ngenhla kwamanzi, khona-ke kufanele azingele uFry. AmaCzech ahlala abhukuda nezisulu emhlambini owodwa, abese ebamba ngokushesha inyamazane bese eyela phansi nawo. Ngemuva kubuya okulandelayo. Le nhlanzi ephilayo ihlasela ngentshiseko nangokushesha.
Lesi sici saso saziwa ngabadobi, bayazi futhi ukuthi i-sabrefish icishe ibe yinqaba, ngakho-ke basebenzisa cishe noma yiziphi izinambuzane ezinjengamantongomane, umhlonyane, izibungu zomquba, izimpukane, izinyosi, izintethe, udrako nezinye izilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlanzi ingangena ngocingo olungenalutho, iboshwe ngentambo ebomvu kuphela noma egqokwa ubuhlalu kuyo.
Ukuzalela nesikhathi sokuphila kwe-sabrefish
I-Chekhon ikwazi ukuzala kabusha ezweni iminyaka engama-3-5 yempilo (ezifundeni eziseningizimu ngaphambili - iminyaka engama-2-3, ezifundeni ezisenyakatho 4-5). Ukunwebeka kuqala ngoMeyi-Juni, futhi inhlanzi encane ikwenza lokhu ngaphambili kunabantu abakhulu. Isimo esiyisiqalo sokuqala kokukhula kwesithelo kungukushisa kwamanzi okungu-20-23 Cº, ngakho-ke, futhi ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ukunqwabelana kuqala ekuqaleni.
Ngaphambi kokusaphaza, i-sabrefish idla okuncane kakhulu, ibuthana osebeni olukhulu futhi ifune indawo yokubeka amaqanda. Izindawo ezinenkambo ebukhali impela kanye nokujula kwamamitha ayi-1 kuya kwayi-3 kufanelekile, lokhu kungamawele, izihlakala zesihlabathi, iziwula zemifula.
Ukusakazeka kwenzeka ngezingcingo ezimbili eningizimu, futhi ngasikhathi linye ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Emifuleni i-Chekhon iyaqhekeka, inyukela phezulu, bese ibuyela emuva. Amaqanda awanamatheli, ngakho-ke, awanamatheli kwi-algae noma kwezinye izinto ezisemanzini, kodwa aqhubekele ezansi.
Zinobukhulu obuyi-1.5 mm. ububanzi ke-ke, emva kokufakwa komanyolo, hlala phansi uze ukhukhume lapho, ukhula ngevolumu ukuya ku-3-4 mm. Ngokuya ngokushisa kwamanzi, amaqanda avuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-2-4, bese kuba ngu-5 mm gry hatch kubo.
Izinhlanzi zikhula ngokushesha, zidla ngokuhlinzeka nge-yolk yazo, ziphambuka ziye emhlambini omncane bese zihamba ngokugeleza. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, bashintshela e-plankton, futhi badle kuyo isikhathi eside. UChekhon ukhula ngokushesha iminyaka yokuqala engama-3-5. Lapho-ke ukukhula kuyancipha,-ke, yize isikhathi sokuphila esiseduze kweminyaka eyishumi, akufane ukwazi ukubamba umuntu omkhulu kakhulu.
Utholakala kuphi uChekhon?
Inhlanzi izizwa imnandi ezimweni ezifudumele, ezibandayo futhi ezinosawoti, ezikuvumela ukuba zihlale ngempumelelo eshalofini lolwandle kanye nezidumbu zamanzi amnandi ngokusatshalaliswa okubanzi komehluko we-microclimatic. I-Chekhony inomshini we-osmoregulation owakhiwe kahle, ngenxa yokuthi lapho kulungiswa khona umbani okushesha ekucindezelweni kwe-hydrostatic kolwandle kwenzeka. Ngokuhambisana, kwethulwa uhlelo lokusebenzisa izinto eziphilayo ukuze kube nokwejwayelekile imetabolism enosawoti wamanzi, ehlela kabusha umsebenzi we-gill, amathumbu nezinso ngaphansi kokususwa okusebenzayo kwama-electrolyte okweqile emzimbeni.
Ukusebenza kwale nqubo kuphezulu kakhulu kangangokuba kuze kube muva nje, umhlwathibi wayehlala oLwandle i-Aral olunosawoti kakhulu. Ngeshwa, manje indawo yokuhlala yaseChekhon eCentral Asia isinciphise kakhulu emafinyelela aphansi weSyr Darya ne-Amu Darya neChibi laseCherkar (Kazakhstan), nayo ebonakala ngenkinga ekhulayo yamanzi anosawoti obabayo.
E-Russia, iChekhon itholakala emigodini yezilwandle eziningana ngasikhathi sinye:
- I-Azovsky - I-Wet Elanchik, iDon, i-Eya, i-Kuban, i-Mius, i-Duct, i-Sambek, i-Wet Chuburka, i-Khoper,
- Caspian - Oka, Kama, Volga, Ural, Samur, Sulak, Terek, Akhtuba,
- Mnyama - Psou, Shah, Mzymta, Sochi, the Dnieper engenhla kanti ngokwengxenye i-Kuban, elinye lamagatsha ageleza esifundeni saseKiziltash ogwini lolwandle Olumnyama,
- IBaltic - Meadows, Pregol, Western Dvina, Neman, Svir, Volkhov, Neva, Ilmen, Lake iLadoga ne-Onega.
KuseNeva naseGulf of Finland lapho umngcele osenyakatho wendawo yokuhlala yaseChekhon udlula khona. Empumalanga, izinkokhiso zebhange lasobunxele le-Urals, njenge-Ilek ne-Or, zisebenza njengomkhawulo. Entshonalanga - iLake Peipsi, indawo efinyelela phezulu yeNarva, iNtshonalanga Dvina, iDnieper kanye neDesna.
Lapho ongabamba khona uChekhon esifundeni saseMoscow
Imifula kanye nemithombo yokugcina ezindaweni eziseduze kwedolobha nayo iyaziqhenya ngokuba khona kwale nhlanzi. I-Chekhon eminingi kunazo zonke e-Oka, iziteshi. IMoscow, Pyalovsky nePedtovsky, amadamu ase-Ivankovo. Lapha, inhlanzi igcinwa kude nolwandle ekujuleni okukhulu, ngakho-ke ngokudoba kwayo ngempumelelo kuyalulekwa ukusebenzisa isikebhe noma amagiya amabanga amade, ngokwesibonelo, ukujuluka kwejig.
Imikhuba nempilo kaChekhony
Lolu hlobo lwenhlanzi oluyigugu olufuduka oluhamba ngesikole oluhlala isikhathi esiningi ezindaweni ezigcwele ukudla okugcwele. Izinhlobo zomfula nezilwandle ezihleliwe zeSabrefish azijwayelekile, futhi azifani, ngaphandle kwesilinganiso sokukhula nombala wasemuva. Kepha kunoma yikuphi, izinhlanzi zihlakazeka kuphela emanzini amasha, zivame ukukhuphuka amakhulukhulu amakhilomitha.
Izindawo ezithandwa yiChekhon ziyichibi eliphakathi nendawo elikhulu elinenqwaba yezindawo ezijulile nezishubile ezingenazo izimila ezinde. Imvamisa kakhulu le yimifula emikhulu, amachibi noma amadamu amakhulu anendawo eyinkimbinkimbi esezingeni eliphansi nemigodi eminingi, esebenza njengendawo yokukhosela yasebusuku yemvelo noma indawo yesikhathi eside esimweni sezulu esibi, ukushisa, iqhwa elinamandla.
Umsebenzi main kwenzeka ekuseni kakhulu, usuku olukhanyayo futhi kusihlwa. Lokhu kungenxa yobuntu bokungondleki kwe-sabrefish, ekhetha ukuzingela nefry nezinambuzane ezingxenyeni eziphakathi noma eduze kwamanzi. Inhlanzi iyacophelela futhi ayivezi kakhulu ukubhukuda ogwini noma ingena emanzini angajulile. Kepha uma uletha isibheyili endaweni yokondla umhlambi usebenzisa amabanga amade noma esikebheni, ungalindela ukulunywa ngesibindi nangokuzithemba. Ekujuleni okukhulu kwamamitha ayi-5-30, umhlwayi oziphatha ngokungakhathali. Akesabi ngisho nomsindo womzabalazo we-congener obambeke eluhogweni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi enye yezindlela eziyizintandokazi zokuzingela iSabrefish ibamba izinambuzane endiza. Ukwenza lokhu, ugxuma uphume emanzini, bese ibuyela emuva ngesikhala esikhulu.
Uma umfula ugeleza noma umugqa, ukujula kuyabaluleka kakhulu. Izindawo ezinjalo ziheha izinhlanzi, okuthi, ngenxa yokusebenza kahle nokuqina kwazo, ngobuhlakani zingadonsa ngobuqili kusuka emfuleni osheshayo we-fry ongenakusiza, izinambuzane, nama-invertebrates asemanzini. Ekwindla, ngoSepthemba, i-Chekhon iqala ukondla kakhulu, bese yathutha kancane kancane iye ezindaweni ezijulile, ilungiselela ubusika. Ngenkathi ebandayo, ihlala isebenza impela futhi ibanjwa kahle eqhweni.
Spawn
Ukubekwa kwamaqanda kwentwasahlobo kwenzeka ngesikhathi sezinsuku ezingama-3-4 kumazinga okushisa wamanzi we- + 12-13 0 C (Ephreli-Juni). Le nqubo ihambisana nokukhuphuka okuphezulu kwezinga lamanzi ezikhukhula kanye nokufuduka okukhulu kweChekhon eziteshini zomfula ngaphezulu kwamabanga amakhulu. Ukujula okujwayelekile kokuphamba ngamamitha ayi-1-3. Kubalulekile futhi ukuba nogesi wamanje oqinile, ozonikeza ukubumbana ukugeleza okungapheli komoya. Kungakho ezindaweni zokugcina uChekhon uvele kuphela emilonyeni nasemithonjeni yemifula.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlanzi zomndeni we-cyprinid, izinsikazi ezisencane ezineminyaka engu-3-5 ubudala zingokuqala ukuphuma. Kube sekufika ithuba labantu abadala abaya ezindaweni ezinamanzi angajulile ngaphansi komugqa wasekuseni kwenkungu. Usayizi wokuqala wamaqanda ngu-2-2,5 mm, kepha sibonga isipuni esikhethekile esimunca amanzi ngokushesha, sikhuphuka ububanzi ukuya ku-4-5 mm futhi sithole ukuqina okulinganiselayo. Umshini onjalo wemvelo uvumela ukubumbana ukuhamba ngokukhululekile kwikholamu yamanzi futhi kuthola inani elifanele lomoya-mpilo.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-5, inqubo yokubopha izibungu iyaqala, ingene phakathi kwemihlambi bese ihamba kancane iye ezansi. Emanzini, i-sabrefish yentsha idla kakhulu i-zooplankton futhi ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila ikhule ibe ngu-cm ongu-7- 7. Ijubane eliphakeme nokuqapha kwangaphakathi kufaka isandla ekusindisweni kobuningi bendawo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ukwenziwa kwe-Chekhon okufakwayo akwenziwa kangako ngenxa yobunzima besikhathi sokufakwa kwe-caviar. Ngemuva kokuqhekeka sekuphelile, i-chekhon ebivela emanzini anosawoti ibuyela olwandle. Abanye babantu basemfuleni nabo bangaya ukuyokondla.
I-chekhon idlani
Ukudla kwezinhlanzi kuhluke kakhulu futhi kunqunywa ngobudala bawo, ubukhulu nendawo okuhlala kuyo. Abantu abancane kakhulu badla i-zooplankton, lapho ama-crustaceans amancane, izibungu, izibungu, kanye nama-leeches. I-chekhon yabantu abadala yandisa kakhulu imenyu yayo, ngaphezu kwalokho kufaka phakathi:
- izinambuzane ezinkulu ezinamaphiko
- ama-smoothies, imigqa, izinsimbi zomiyane,
- izikulufa, izimbongolo zamanzi, umhubhe,
- izingane zezinhlanzi (i-gudgeon, i-blak, i-roach, i-dace, i-crucian carp, i-rudd).
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ngokungafani nalokhu, ukuzingela kwe-sabrefish for Fry kubukeka: kunamathiselwe emhlambini futhi isikhathi esithile uhamba nawo, kungakhombisi noma yiluphi ulaka. Bese kuba nokubanjwa okungenakuvinjwa kwesisulu esiseduze kanye nokuhamba ngokuqinile naye ekujuleni. Ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa, inhlanzi ibuya bese iphinda ikhohlise.
Izindawo ze-Chekhony
IChekhon ingaphila ezindaweni ezifudumele, ezibandayo nezinosawoti. Lokhu kumnika ithuba lokuhlala olwandle kanye nemizimba yamanzi ahlanzekile anhlobonhlobo oluhlukahlukene lokuhlukahluka kwe-microclimatic. I-Fish inomshini othuthukisiwe we-osmoregulation. Ngibonga yena, inhlanzi ingakwazi ukujwayela ngokushesha ukucindezela kwe-hydrostatic ngokweqile okwenzeka ezimweni zasolwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlanzi iqala inqubo yokunciphisa umzimba ngosawoti wamanzi-usawoti. Inomthelela ekwakhiweni kabusha kokusebenza kwama-gill, amathumbu nezinso ngaphansi kokukhishwa kwama-electrolyte emzimbeni. Le nqubo ithuthukiswe kahle kangangokuba izinhlanzi zazivame ukuba zikwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinosawoti kakhulu oLwandle lwe-Aral. Namuhla uChekhon uhlala ezindaweni eziphansi zeSyr Darya, Amu Darya neChibi laseChelkar.
Le nhlanzi itholakala emigodini yolwandle elandelayo:
- I-Azov: I-Wet Elanchik, iDon, iSombek, i-Khoper, iMius,
- Caspian: Kama, Ural, Terek, Oka,
- Mnyama: Dnieper, Shah, Sochi,
- IBaltic: IVolkhov, iNeva, iLake Ladoga.
Lapho ukhetha izimo zokuphila, ububanzi nokujula komfula kubaluleke kakhulu. Kulokhu, ukunyamalala kweChekhon kusuka kuSeversky Donets. Umfula awujulile, kepha umfula awuhlanzwa. Akunangqondo ukufuna chekhon kumabhodlela. Ngokudoba, udinga ukukhetha indawo ebanzi.
Izindlela zokubamba i-chekhony
Kunezindlela eziningi zokubamba i-sabrefish. Indlela yakudala ifaka ukudoba ngenduku yokudoba nokusonteka. UChekhon ubanjwe kahle ezinsinini. Izinhlanzi zihlala engxenyeni engezansi yamanzi, ngakho-ke ukudoba kusuka phansi kujwayelekile.
Ngemininingwane engaphezulu ngezindlela eziphambili zokudoba:
- ekuspeleni: kungcono ukhethe induku yokuqhafaza ekhanyayo inhlama encane. Kwanele ukusebenzisa induku kuze kufike ku-5 amagremu. Sebenzisa ngempumelelo i-coil yangaphakathi, umthamo wawo usuka ku-1000 noma ngaphezulu. Esikhundleni somugqa wokudoba, kungcono ukusebenzisa intambo encanyana. I-nozzle ingahluka kakhulu,
- ukubamba i-sabrefish kusuka phansi. Kungcono ukubamba le ndlela uma kusihlwa kufika futhi ilanga licashe ngemuva komkhathi. Izinhlanzi zibhukuda kancane eduze nolwandle ngokujula kwamamitha amane. Ukuze ubambe chekhon, udinga induku yokudoba engafika kumamitha ayi-8 ubude kanye ne-float ekhazimulayo. Ukuhanjiswa kwe-float kumele kwenziwe ngokubheka isilinganiso sokugeleza. Lapho ukugeleza kushesha, kusetshenziswa amaqembu amaningana emigodi emincane yokucwila. Lapho ukugeleza kuhamba kancane, inani lobuhlalu liyancipha. Ibanga phakathi kwabo lingafinyelela kuma-200 mm. Inhlanzi isebenza ikakhulu ebusuku. Ngemuva kwekhefu elifushane, ukuluma kuyaqhubeka kuze kuse. Lapho unquma ukubamba izinhlanzi echibini ebusuku, kungcono ukusebenzisa isibungu nezimpethu ngezethi,
- ukudoba ngezinsini. Enye yezinketho zokudoba ezomnotho ukubamba i-chekhon ebhendi ye-elastic, okuwukuthi, usebenzisa imbongolo enomshini wokufaka injoloba. Kuyi-tackle, efakwe umthwalo we-400 kuye ku-700 g, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kube yi-1 000 g. I-absorber yokushaqisayo iyi-band elastic kusuka kumamitha ayi-5 kuye kwayi-10. Umugqa ungobukhulu obungu-0,35 mm kanti ubude buvela ku-25 kuye ku-50 m. umugqa wokudoba ufike ku-0,3 mm ubukhulu. Kuyadingeka futhi ukusebenzisa i-carabiner kanye neswidi nge-clasp,
- ukundiza ukudoba. Le ndlela idinga induku ekhethekile yokudotshwa kwesigaxa. Okwezimpukane zokuloba kanye nama-streamer asetshenzisiwe. Ukudoba izindiza kudinga isipiliyoni, ngakho kubaqalayo le ndlela izoba nzima. Le ndlela yokudoba ayisetshenziswa kakhulu, ngoba ayilunge kakhulu.
I-Bait ku-Chekhon
Ngokweseluleko sabadobi abanokuhlangenwe nakho, kufanelekile ukuthi usebenzise i-Chekhon izinamathiseli nezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene. Ngokudoba ngempumelelo, kudingeka wazi izinketho zenhlanzi esikhathini esithile. Entwasahlobo nasekwindla, ukudoba nge-sabrefish kufanelekile okunamathiselwe kwimvelaphi yezilwane: izimpethu, ukundiza, izibungu zegazi nezimpethu.
Kuma-nozzles wemvelaphi yezitshalo, kungcono ukukhetha: okusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene, inhlama kanye nommbila oshisiwe. Inketho yokuwina-win yokubamba i-sabrefish kuma-bloodworms. Ehlobo, izinhlanzi zijikijela izimvemvane, izinambuzane, izimbungulu nezinhlanga. Ungasebenzisa futhi izinduku nezindawo zokudoba ezihlukile zokubamba, ngoba i-sabrefish akuyona inhlanzi ekhetheke kakhulu.
Kubukeka kanjani
Isisu sikaChekhon siyindilinga, ngenxa yalokhu kubonakala sengathi umzimba wakhe ugobile. Eqinisweni, emuva kwakhe kuqondile. Amehlo makhulu, anesiliva. Abafundi banombala onsomi omnyama. Isikhundla esiphezulu somlomo sibonisa ukuthi izinhlanzi ze-sabrefish zondliwa kusuka ebusweni.
Umhlane umnyama ngaphezu kwezinhlangothi. Ngaphezulu in nsundu ngokucebile. Isikali siyacwebezela, sincane, kulula ukusihlanza. Amaphiko we-pectoral mude, grey ngombala nge-hue ebomvu-ophuzi. I-dorsal fin imfushane futhi idluliselwa emsileni. Umbala wayo ungwevu.
I-Chekhon igeleza ngamabhayisekili ezindawo zokugcina amanzi nasemifuleni yezikhukhula. Ngemuva kokusaphaza, ibuyela endaweni yayo ejwayelekile. Izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda emanzini angajulile. Ukujula kwezizathu ezinwebekayo akudluli imitha eli-1.
Amathiphu okudoba eChekhon
Le nhlanzi idonsela inani elikhulu lama-angler. Kubhekisa ezinhlotsheni ezibalulekile zentengiso. Ngokwesilinganiso esikhulu, ihanjiswa emashalofini ezitolo kwifomu elomile nelibhemayo. Kuthosiwe futhi kunikezwe amandla. Isisindo somuntu ngamunye, okungeke kube namahloni ukubeka isithombe, kucishe kube ngu-500 g, kuyilapho ubude bawo buzodlula ngo-0.5 m. Abadobi abanolwazi basikisela ukunaka la maphuzu alandelayo:
- Njengoba i-chekhon igcinwe ekujuleni, faka umugqa ngaphezulu wokudoba on the reel. Sebenzisa izingwegwe enesinqe eside, usayizi ofanele we-hook ngu "eziyisithupha".
- I-Chekhon ihola umhlambi wokuphila, ngakho-ke akudingeki uhambise ugu uyofuna izinhlanzi. Uma izinhlwathi zamanzi ngalolu suku, kuzobanjiswa ukubamba.
- Ngisho entwasahlobo, i-Chekhon, nawo wonke umsebenzi wayo, inezikhathi zokunganaki noma yikuphi ukuhehwa.Kwenzeka ukuthi izinhlanzi zilume kuphela ebusuku.
- Ukubamba uChekhon, uzodinga induku yokudoba enobude okungenani bamamitha ayi-4. Ukusakaza kusukela ogwini kuyodingeka kube kude, induku yokudoba yaseBologna ngethambo elinethalente izoba ilungile.
Imvamisa isetshenziswa njengesiheyiti. Isebenza kahle ngokuhambisana nesibungu. Lokhu akuyona “isamentshisi” elidala lezibungu, kepha into efana naleyo. Kuqala kutshalwe isibungu, bese kuba khona imbungu. UChekhon ngeke akwenqabe ukukhohlisa okunjalo.
Njengawo wonke ama-cyprinid, le nhlanzi inamandla nokuqina. Ukuswayipha izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu kumnandi. Kepha bambamba hhayi ngenzalo yemidlalo kuphela.
Ukunambitheka kwe-chekhon eyomile yelanga kukhunjulwa isikhathi eside. Lapho kutholakala khona le nhlanzi, kukhona ongoti abahamba bayodoba ngokukhethekile ngayo, futhi ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zibhekwa njengokubanjiswa, noma ngabe kuwukulwazisana okwenziwe ngobukhulu noma nge-crucian carp.
Yini ukubamba chekhon
Ngama-degree ahlukahlukene empumelelo, ukudoba kungaqhubeka unyaka wonke, ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuqhuma. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu intwasahlobo ngaphambi kokusakazeka kanye nokufuduka kwenhlanzi okwenziwa ekwindla, lapho sondla khona ngentshiseko amanoni.
Njengama-nozzles kuleli cala:
- izibungu zegazi, izimpethu, izintethe,
- udrako, impukane, igajethi,
- imayundu, umhlonyane, nembungu,
- amabhungane amabhungane, amabhungane, isithiyo.