Ihhashi le-Akhal-Teke ngokungangabazeki lingenye yamahhashi ayishumi amahle kakhulu. Ukubonakala kwehhashi elinjalo kushaya izinhlobo zalo ezinomusa, ukunyakaza okuhle nemibala ehlukahlukene yoqobo yoboya obuthukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahhashi ka-Akhal-Teke abhekwa njengenye yezindlela zakudala kakhulu zamahhashi, okungezelela i-charm ekhethekile kubo. Onke la maphuzu achaza ukuthandwa okuphezulu komugqa wohlobo lokuzalela phakathi kwabafuyi abavela emhlabeni wonke.
Lavela kuphi igama?
Uhlobo lokuzalwa kwamahhashi u-Akhal-Teke lwalwaziswa kakhulu futhi lwenziwa ngenkuthalo ngesinye sezizwe zamaTurkmen, esasibizwa nge- "teke". Lesi sizwe sasihlala esigcawini se-Akhal, esisendaweni ephansi yezintaba zaseKopetdag.
Ngakho-ke, ngokwesisekelo segama lobuzwe nendawo okuhlala kuyo, igama lomugqa wonke womugqigqo belungisiwe. "U-Akhal-teke" noma "u-Akhal-tekin" wayeyisifinyezo esithi "Amahhashi esizwe se-teke asendaweni yama-Akhal." Ngokufakwa kweTurkmenistan ekwakhiweni kweRussia, leli gama laligcinwe kubantu bendawo. Ngokuhambisana, baqala nokubiza la mahhashi emazweni aseYurophu.
Izici kanye Nencazelo
Akhal-Teke amahhashi zazalwa yizizwe zasendulo zaseTurkmen eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-5000 edlule. Bazibiza ngegama labo kuzala, ama-Ahal oasis nesizwe samaTeke, ababengabafuyi bawo bokuqala.
Kakade ekubukeni kokuqala, la mahhashi anqoba ubunjalo bawo nomusa wawo. Imisipha ehlanzekile idlala ngaphansi kwesikhumba sayo esincane, kanti izinhlangothi zenziwa nge-sheen yensimbi. Ngaphandle kwesizathu eRussia babebizwa ngokuthi "amahhashi asezulwini egolide." Bahluke kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo zokuthi bangaze badidaniswe nabanye.
Umbala wabamele lolu hlobo lokuzalwa uhlukile kakhulu. Kepha ithandwa kakhulu Akhal-Teke ihhashi impela isabella amasudi. Lona umbala wobisi olubhakwe, oluthi ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga lishintshe imibala yalo, luyidlalise.
Ngasikhathi sinye kungaba yisiliva, nobisi nezindlovu. Futhi amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuleli hhashi awenza angalibaleki. Lokhu kutholakala, futhi intengo kokunye Akhal-Teke ihhashi izohambisana nobuhle bayo.
Wonke amahhashi alolu hlobo lokuzala aphakeme kakhulu, lapho ebuna afinyelela ku-160cm. Uncike kakhulu futhi usikhumbuza izingulule. Isifuba mncane, emuva nemilenze yangemuva. Izinselo zincanyana. I-mane ayisiwugqinsi, amanye amahhashi ayinayo nhlobo.
Ama-Akhal-Teke amahhashi anekhanda elihle kakhulu, elicwengiwe kancane elinephrofayili eqondile. Amehlo aqabulayo, afiphale kancane "e-Asia". Intamo yinde futhi incane nge-nape ethuthukisiwe.
Ekhanda kukhona izindlebe ezimile kahle eziphelele. Abamele lokhu kuzalanisa kwanoma iyiphi isudi banezinwele ezithambile kakhulu futhi ezintekenteke ezibukisa nge-satin.
Awukwazi ukubona amahhashi ka-Akhal-Teke endle, adotshwa ngokuqondile emapulazini e-stud. Ngokubamba iqhaza okwengeziwe komjaho wamahhashi, bonisa izindandatho nokusetshenziswa kwangasese kumakilabhu. Ungathenga ihhashi le-Akhal-Teke eligcwele kahle embukisweni okhethekile nasezindalini.
Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo, abantu babekholelwa ukuthi la mahhashi afanelwe ababusi abanamandla kuphela. Futhi kwenzeka. Kunombono wokuthi iBucephalus edumile ka-Alexander the Great yayiyi izinhloboAkhal-Teke amahhashi.
Empini yasePoltava, uPeter ngalwa ehhashini elinjalo, ihhashi legolide laliyisipho kwiNdlovukazi yaseNgilandi evela eKhrushchev, kwathi eVictory Parade, uMarshal Zhukov uqobo wadlala indima efanayo.
Ukunakekelwa kwehhashi le-Akhal-Teke nentengo
Lapho unakekela uhlobo lwe-Akhal-Teke, uhlobo lwalo oluthile kufanele lubhekwe. Iqiniso ngukuthi la mahhashi kade agcinwa eyedwa, ngakho-ke athintana kuphela nenkosi yawo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baba nobuhlobo obusondelene kakhulu naye. Babizwa ngokuthi ihhashi lomnikazi oyedwa, ngakho-ke bashintsha i-shift yakhe kubuhlungu manje. Ukufanela uthando nenhlonipho yabo, kufanele ukwazi ukuthola ukuxhumana nabo.
Lawa mahhashi aqaphile, ahlakaniphile futhi azizwa egibele kakhulu. Kepha uma kungekho ukuxhumana, khona-ke benza ngokwamandla abo, ngoba bakhetha ukuzimela. Le nto idala ubunzima obengeziwe ekukhetheni kwamahhashi ezemidlalo.
Uma u-Akhal-Teke ethatha isinqumo sokuthi usongelwa, yena, ngenxa yentukuthelo yakhe, angahlaba noma aze alume. Lokhu kuzalaniswa akuyona eyomgibeli we-novice noma umthandi.
Isazi sangempela kufanele sisebenze ngekhono futhi ngokucophelela naye. Ukuba budlabha nokunganakwa kungamxosha unomphela. Ihhashi lika-Akhal-Teke ngeke ligcwalise ngobumnene zonke izidingo zomgibeli uma lingatholanga ndlela ekhethekile kulo.
Kepha uma ezizwa engumnikazi uqobo, uzomlandela emlilweni nasemanzini, enze izimangaliso zangempela emijahweni nasemincintiswaneni. Imvamisa Izithombe uyabona Akhal-Teke amahhashi abawinile. Izindleko ezingezekile nokuqukethwe kwazo kuhlobene neqiniso lokuthi inani eliphakeme lokuchuma kwazo ngokomzimba liza sekwephuzile impela, eneminyaka eyi-4-5 ubudala.
Ukunakekela la mahhashi kufaka phakathi ukondla, ukugeza nsuku zonke, nokuklabha amakhaza. Bheka ngokucophelela i-mane nomsila. Esitebeleni kufanele kungene umoya omncane futhi kugcinwe kufudumele. Zonke izinsuku kufanele kube nokuhamba okude ukuze kungabikho zinkinga ngohlelo lwesisu.
Lokhu kuzalaniswa kuyaqabukela futhi kuyabiza futhi kuvame ukugcinwa ezitebeleni ezikhethekile. MangakikufanelekileAkhal-Teke nehhashi? Intengo incike ekuhambeni kwehhashi ngalinye, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi linamandla futhi lingakanani amandla alo.
Uma ubaba noma umama bebengompetha, khona-ke intengo ye-foal izolingana nesamba ngama-zeros ayisithupha. Inketho engabizi kakhulu ngama-ruble angama-70,000, izinhlobo ezingxenye zizobiza ama-ruble ayi-150,000, kanti okungenani ama-600,000 kuzodingeka akhokhelwe nehhashi eligwelwe ngokuphelele. ukhilimu isudi Akhal-Teke ihhashi futhi kufanele ukhokhe okungeziwe.
Umsoco
Ukondleka kwalolu hlobo lwamahhashi akuhlukile kakhulu kwabanye, ngaphandle kokuthi isidingo samanzi. Bakhule ezimweni ezishisayo ngakho-ke isikhathi eside bangakwenza ngaphandle kwamanzi.
Ama-Akhal-Teke amahhashi adla utshani, notshani obusha, uma kukhona okutholakalayo. Ungabondla kuphela nge-hay enhle, khona-ke bayoba namandla futhi bejabule ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo owengeziwe, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumahhashi ezemidlalo.
Uma kunomsebenzi ophakeme womzimba, khona-ke ungondli nge-oats noma ibhali. Kungcono ukwelapha ngama-beet, izaqathe noma amazambane. Ngokwengeziwe, i-soy noma i-alfalfa inikezwa ukuthuthukiswa kwemisipha.
I-fiber, eyingxenye yazo, izokwenza amathambo namazinyo amahhashi aqine, nezinwele zibuthuntu. Amavithamini kufanele anikezwe kuphela uma kunesidingo. Udinga ukondla amahhashi ngasikhathi sinye. Qala ukudla nge-hay, bese unikeza ukudla okune-namanzi noma okuluhlaza.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Isikhathi sokuphila samahhashi ka-Akhal-Teke sincike ekunakekelweni kwabo kanye nasezingeni lezinto abazenzayo ngokomzimba. Imvamisa leli nani alidluli iminyaka engama-30, kepha kutholakala neminyaka eyikhulu.
Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka eminyakeni emibili, kepha lokhu kuzalaniswa akuqali ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka ngocansi. Isikhathi lapho i-mare isilungele ukuzala ibizwa ngokuthi "ukuzingela", bese ivumela i-stallion ukuthi isondele kuye.
Kepha abafuyi bathanda ukuzalanisa amahhashi ngokungeniswa okwenziwe ngobuciko. Ukugcina uhlobo lokuzala luhlanzekile, kukhethwa umbhangqwana ofanele. Kubalulekile ukucubungula futhi isudiAkhal-Teke amahhashi.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyishumi nanye. Imvamisa kuzala umuntu oyedwa, kuvame ukuba kubili. Zi-clumsy, kepha ngemuva kwamahora amahlanu zingakwazi ukuzimela ngokwazo. Ukuncelisa ibele kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha, ngemuva kokuthi ingane ishintshe ukuyotshala ukudla.
Izici ezijwayelekile
Ihhashi le-Akhal-Teke linengaphandle elingavamile. Ukuvela kwalokhu kuzalanisa kuyayihlukanisa ngokuyisisekelo kwezinye izinhlobo zamahhashi. Amahhashi e-Akhal-Teke akhula kahle ngokulingana (isilinganiso esingu-160 cm lapho ibuna ama-stallion), umthetho-sisekelo omile ngokwedlulele. Ama-Akhal-Teke amahhashi ngezindlela aqhathaniswa nama-greyhound noma izingulule. Ukubukeka konke kulawulwa yimigqa emide. Ezinye izilinganiso zama-stallions: ubude bomzimba we-oblique - 160-165 cm, ukuqina kwesifuba - 175-190 cm, gac metacarpal - 19-20 cm.
Isifuba sijulile, siyindilinga, enemikhaba emide emanga. Ubune mude futhi mude, uhlanganiswe kahle. Emuva nangemuva eliphansi lide. I-croup iconsa kancane, ibanzi futhi yinde, ngemisipha ekhule kahle, umsila ubekwa uphansi. Imilenze yinde futhi incane, inamajoyina akhule kahle nezinselo ezincane eziqinile. Ukuma kwekhanda nentamo kuhlukile kakhulu. Inhloko inephrofayli ebheke ngqo noma ebheke ubuso, kwesinye isikhathi ibunzi le-convex elincane, ingxenye yayo yangaphambili icashile futhi iphakeme. Izindlebe zide, zincane, kunalokho zinezikhala ezibanzi. Amehlo makhulu, ayabonakala, kepha anesimo esijwayelekile esingapheli, esidonsa kancane (“iso le-Asia”). Intamo inentambo ephezulu, emincane, emide, eqondile noma eyenziwe njengo-S (intamo ebizwa ngokuthi “inyamazane” ivame ukubonwa) ngentambo ende.
Isikhumba mncane, futhi inethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi ikhombisa kalula ngayo. Umugqa wezinwele mncane kakhulu, umnene futhi unosilika, i-mane iyivelakancane futhi inqabile, futhi imvamisa imiswa ngokuphelele, ehlukanisa ihhashi le-Akhal-Teke kwezinye izinhlobo zamahhashi. Ukushisa kuyasebenza.
Amasudi ahlukile, ngaphezu kokuphambili futhi ajwayelekile - i-bay, emnyama, ebomvu nempunga - kukhona i-Bulan, i-solovy eyodwa, i-Isabella, iKarakova, nsundu. Amamaki amhlophe emilenzeni nasebusweni kungenzeka ukuthi akhona. Yonke imivimbo ibonakala nge-sheen ekhanyayo yegolide noma yesiliva.
Imvelaphi yegama
Igama lanamuhla lanikezwa umhlobo endaweni lapho la mahhashi agcinwe ehlanzekile e-Akhal oasis, enwebeka eceleni kwonyawo olusenyakatho lwesifunda saseKopet-Dag kusuka eBaharden kuya e-Artyk, okwakuhlalwa kuyo isizwe sakwaTurkmen Teke (noma iTekintsev). Ngakho-ke, "i-ahal-teke" ngokwezwi nezwi ihhashe lesizwe se-teke elisendaweni ese-Ahal. Ngaphansi kwaleli gama, lo mfutho waziwa eMbusweni waseRussia ngemuva kokuqothulwa kweTurkmenistan, futhi ikakhulukazi eminyakeni eyiSoviet. Ngokufanayo, igama lale nhlobo, futhi abaseYurophu baphinde bangeniswa ngayo kuleli khulu lama-20, nayo izwakala kwezinye izilimi, ngokwesibonelo: isiNgisi. Akhal-Teke, f. Akhal-Teke, Netherlands. U-Akhal-Teke, waseJalimane Achal Tekkiner, waseSwede. I-Achaltekeer njll.
Izici zokuzala
Ukuzalelwa kwakuthonywe indlela yempilo eyayizalwa ngayo eTurkmens. Izici zokuphaka, ukuqeqeshwa kwendabuko nokusetshenziswa - inhlanganisela yokujaha okusheshayo amabanga amafushane kanye nohambo olude oluxakile - konke lokhu kuphazamise ingaphandle nengaphakathi (izici zangaphakathi) zohlobo: amahhashi ayenciphile futhi omile, ngaphandle kwamafutha ngokweqile, aqine ngokungajwayelekile futhi angafuni ngenani elikhulu ( kanye nekhwalithi) yokudla.
Ihhashi le-Akhal-Teke lihle kakhulu ekugibeleni, ukunyakaza kwalo kunwebekile futhi akubheki umgibeli. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubulukhuni noma ukunganaki kulimaza ama-Akhal-Teke kakhulu kunamanye amahhashi amaningi. Njengawo wonke amahhashi angenasici, uhlobo lwe-Akhal-Teke aluhambelani neze nendima ye-projectile yezemidlalo egcwalisa noma yiziphi izidingo zomgibeli; idinga indlela ekhethekile. Ngakho-ke, iningi labasubathi, abajwayele amahhashi egazi angenasici futhi angenazinkinga, babheka ukuthi ama-Akhal-Teke kunzima ukusebenza nawo. Kepha ezandleni zomgibeli onobuhlakani futhi obekezelayo, ihhashi le-Akhal-Teke liyakwazi ukukhombisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kwezemidlalo.
Njengoba beyinzalo yamahhashi asendle futhi afuywayo akhulela ogwadule olunzima futhi ehlala esihlabathini saseKarakum, amahhashi ka-Akhal-Teke awakwazanga ukuzuza ukukhuthazela okuhle nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kusuka kokhokho bawo ezimweni zezemvelo. Yizimo ezifanele zesihlabathi se-viscous ukuthi u-Akhal-Teke ubakweleta iziqu zabo ezingajwayelekile: ngenkathi ehamba ngesinyathelo nangesiqu, kubonakala sengathi ihhashi lintanta ngokushelela ngaphezu komhlaba ngaphandle kokulithinta ngezinyawo. Le ndlela yokuhamba isize ama-Akhal-Tekes ukuhamba kalula ngisho naku-quicksand.
Yize kunesikhumba sayo esithambile nesigqoko esifushane kakhulu, ihhashi le-Akhal-Teke lingabekezelela amazinga okushisa anhlobonhlobo - ukusuka ku-−30 kuya ku- + 50 ° C, kanye nokushisa ngokweqile.
Ukwehla kwangaphandle kokuzalela kufihla ukukhuthazela okumangalisayo. Ngokusho kwesazi-mlando, kunamacala lapho u-Akhal-Teke elimala empini ngesiteleka sabasakazi sathatha amadoda amabili amadala emhlane, ebashiya eshesha. Emlandweni wanamuhla, amahhashi azala ama-Akhal-Teke aphindaphinde enza amarekhodi ohambo lwezinsuku eziningi kanye nokugijima kwezemidlalo. Umjaho owaziwa kakhulu nge-Akhal-Teke wenzeka ngo-1935 ngendlela ye-Ashgabat-Moscow. Leli banga lambozwa ngezinsuku ezingama-84, futhi abagibeli bamboza isihlabathi seKarakum ngezinsuku ezintathu ngaphandle kokuma ukudla, isiphuzo noma ukulala. Wonke amahhashi ahlala enempilo futhi afike eMoscow. Owinile kulokhu kugijinyelwa kwakunguTallan stallion Tarlan.
Njengamahhashi asogwadule angempela, ama-Akhal-Tekeans abekezelela ukoma kalula.
Izimo zokwenziwa kokuzala
Ihhashi le-Akhal-Teke lalivela esifundeni saseTurkmen esiwugwadule. Abantu babedinga ihhashi eliqinile, elikhanyayo futhi elisheshayo. Ngaphezu kwalezi zimfanelo, uhlobo lwe-Akhal-Teke kwakufanele lube nesibindi futhi lusheshe ukwazi.
Lawa mahhashi ayenakekelwa, ebhekwa njengamalungu omndeni. Izilwane zazinakekelwa, zinakekelwa futhi zizinaka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthola lukhuni, luyashesha, lunomusa futhi lunesibindi ukuzala. Izakhamizi ze-Akhal-Teke zidume ngomlingiswa wazo ongcono nowokuphelelwa yithemba.
Amandla amahhashi eTurkmen amnandi. Babekezelela ushintsho ekushiseni komoya kusuka ku-+50 kuya ku-30 degrees. Kulokhu, izilwane ungalahli izimfanelo zabo zokusebenza.
Ngokwemvelo, ezimweni zezulu ezingathandeki, kubalulekile ukuthi ungazivezi izilwane ngokweqile ngaphandle kwesidingo esikhulu. Uhlobo lokuzala lwe-Akhal-Teke lukhuni, kepha amahhashi amaTurkmen akufanele athelwe ngokweqile. Amahhashi eTurkmen iyasebenza kakhulu futhi iyasebenza.
Igalari: I-Turkmen ihhashi (izithombe ezingama-25)
Indaba
Ihhashi le-Akhal-Teke lingumphumela womsebenzi wezizukulwane eziningi zabafuyi bamahhashi emkhakheni wokufuya, ifa lezamasiko okwalusa amahhashi endulo. U-Arminius Vambury, owahamba waya eCentral Asia ngekhulu le-19, wabhala:
Lezi zilwane ezinhle ziwudinga wonke umsebenzi osetshenziselwe zona ... Eqinisweni, izidalwa ziyamangalisa, zibaluleke njengamadodana asehlane kakhulu kunabafazi, zibiza kakhulu kunezingane, zibiza kakhulu kunezimpilo zazo. Izinganekwane zokugijima nokukhuthazela kwazo azikweqi neze.
Umlando walolu hlobo lokuzalwa luqala ezikhathini zasendulo, ngesikhathi lapho abantu abaningi abakhuluma isi-Iranian abahlala esifundeni seCentral Asia baqala ukuzala amahhashi ayezodlula bonke abanye ngamandla nobuhle. Babenenkohliso yangempela yehhashi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izimpucuko zakudala ezaziseduze kwama-Irani zazingenamahhashi isikhathi eside, namahhashi eMesophothamiya, eGibhithe lasendulo nakwamanye amazwe aseMiddle East naseMedithera angena esuka eCentral Asia naseCaucasus.
Emithonjeni yamaShayina, uDavan wasendulo (Fergana II century AD) wayedume emhlabeni wonke ngamahhashi awo. Akuyona ingozi ukuthi uDavan wabizwa izwe "lamahhashi asezulwini." Amahhashi akwaFerghana avela emahhashini angonkulunkulu uqobo. Ngendlela, ubuhle bokugijima, i-agility nokukhuthazela kwakungalingani nabo. Bonke oxhumene bamahhashi, kufaka phakathi abantu abangomakhelwane nabakude, babekholelwa ukuthi awukho umkhiqizo obaluleke kakhulu nesipho esibaluleke ukwedlula amahhashi akwaFerghana. Ngokuya ngenganekwane:
Amahhashi anamuhla, aziwa kakhulu e-Akhal-Teke amaTurkmen ayinzalo yalawo mahhashi akwaDavan. Izithombe "zamahhashi asezulwini" kuze kube namuhla zigcinwe emadwaleni esiGodi saseFerghana.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, umbono wokuzalela ngokulingana eCentral Asia ungahlanganiswa kusuka ezitatimendeni zezazi-mlando zamaGreek nezamaRoma kanye nama-geologists.UHerodotus wabika: "Kunethafa laseNesseus eMead, lapho kutholakala khona amahhashi amakhulu." Ngokusobala, i-Nesea yayisho ithafa laseNishapur elikhona ezifundeni zasenyakatho ne-Iran eduze neTurkmenistan. Abanye ababhali baphawula ukuthi amahhashi akwaNesei ayehamba phambili emhlabeni, futhi ayekhonjwe amakhosi asePheresiya.
Ngezikhathi ezalandela, la mahhashi avela ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukile, kepha ukutadisha ngokucophelela kukhombisa ukuthi kwakuyinzalo eyodwa efanayo, ifa lisuka emasikweni amadala kuya kwelisha. Ukuqhubeka kungalandelelwa ngisho nangezimpawu zokuziphatha. Ngakho-ke, uHerodotus waphawula ukuthi "iNisa (inhlokodolobha yaseParthia) inawo wonke amahhashi aphuzi," kanti amahhashi atholwe amasosha ka-Alexander the Great manje okuyiTurkmenistan 'ayimibala emhlophe neluthingo, kanye nemibala yokusa kokusa. " Ngokusobala, kuma-Irani asendulo, isudi legolide lalinencazelo engcwele, ngoba ihhashi lalinikezelwe kunkulunkulu welanga.
Ezikhathini zakudala eRussia i-Akhal-Teke yaziwa ngegama argamak - noma kunjalo, lelo kwakuyigama lanoma yiliphi ihhashi lokuzalela kwasemakhaya. I-Akhal-Teke igazi ligobhoza ezinhlafunweni eziningi zaseRussia - ikakhulukazi emahhashini kaDon naseRussia. Igalelo lakhe ekwakhiweni kwamahhashi eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga nalo likhulu, futhi usosayensi waseSoviet uT. Ryabova waphawula:
Ukusungulwa ngokuphelele kwamahhashi amasiko e-Asiya - kusuka e-Great Wall of China nase ogwini lwe-Indus kuya eGibhithe amakhulu amaningi eminyaka kukhule ngaphansi kwethonya eliqondile lamahhashi eTurkmen."
Kukholakala ukuthi kwakungu-Akhal-Tekeans owayephakathi kokhokho bokuzalwa kwamahhashi ngokuphelele, okuthi kusukela ngekhulu le-19 kwabekwa indawo yokuqala ngokuya ngethonya kwezinye izinhlobo zokuzalwa. Emlandweni wokwakhiwa kohlobo lwe-Arabian, ithonya le-Akhal-Teke nalo liyalandelwa (yize, ngalezo zikhathi zakudala, igama lesimanjemanje elithi "Akhal-Teke" lalingekho). Ngokusho kwesazi esikhulu se-hippologist saseSoviet uV.O. Witt, uhlobo lwe-Akhal-Teke "yisikhwama segolide sehhashi elinamasiko emhlabeni wonke, amaconsi okugcina omthombo wegazi elihlanzekile adale yonke imboni yokuzalela amahhashi."
NgeNkathi Ephakathi eCentral Asia, izizwe zamaTurk azisungula. Kwadlula amakhulu eminyaka, futhi izingxenye eziningi zeCentral Asia zikhuluma isiTurkic, kodwa abasanda kufika babona okuningi kusiko labantu base-Aborigine futhi baxubana nabo. AmaTurkmen anamuhla anhlobo lwe-anthropological anezici eziningi zesibalo sasendulo sase-Iranian. AmaTurkmens nohlobo oluhle oluzuzwe kumaBactrian namaParthi asendulo, agcinwe ehlanzekile kuzo zonke izimfanelo zawo ezinhle.
AmaTurkmens abathanda kakhulu umjaho wamahhashi futhi bathatha ukuqeqeshwa kwamahhashi ngokukhulu ukuzimisela. Isipiliyoni kulolu daba sidluliselwe kwesinye isizukulwane ngesizukulwane. Izazi zaseSoviet ezafunda u-Akhal-Teke wohlobo oluthile ziphawula ukuthi uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa kwabaqeqeshi babaTurkmen luhlangene kakhulu nohlelo lokulungiselela amahhashi agibele amahhashi asezingeni lomjaho emijaho emijaho yaseYurophu. Eqinisweni, i-Akhal-Teke ingenye yezindlela zomhlaba ezihlanya kakhulu, futhi yonke indawo yokugcina impahla yaleli hhashi ikhipha ihhashi elizalwe kulo.
U-Akhal-Teke odume kakhulu
UBoynou (b. 1885)
Ndodana yesoka
UMelekush (b. 1909)
Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, ukwenziwa kuka-Akhal-Teke kwamahhashi akuzange kufakwe eTurkmen SSR kuphela, kodwa futhi nasendaweni ye-Kazakh SSR kanye ne-RSFSR. Ngaleso sikhathi, umsebenzi wokuzalela kanye nokuzalela kwakuhloselwe ngokuyinhloko emaphutheni athile ayengaphandle ngaleso sikhathi, kanye nokwanda okukhulayo.
Namuhla, iRussia inenani eliphambili futhi elifanelekayo lamahhashi wohlobo lwama-Akhal-Teke. Ama-Akhaltekintsev atshalwe emapulazini angamahhashi eStavropol No. 170, aqanjwa ngegama likaVladimir Shamborant "ShaEl", emafektri amaningi eDagestan, Kalmykia kanye naseMoscow.
Ihhashi lanamuhla le-Akhal-Teke lihlukile kulawo ayekade eyiminyaka eyi-100, engama-300 nengama-1000 edlule ngokukhula okukhudlwana nomzimba olungile ngokwengeziwe. Zonke izici ezihlukile zohlobo, zangaphandle nezangaphakathi, zigcinwe.
Akhal-Teke ingaphandle
Izici ezijwayelekile zihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo. U-Akhal-Teke unomthethosisekelo omude futhi owomile. Abanye baqhathanisa izinja zika-Akhal-Teke nenja ye-greyhound noma ingulule. Kunjalo kwemisipha nokukhanya.
Kuvele konke ukubukeka kwehhashi lika-Akhal-Teke. Intamo ende emnandi imilenze emide emincane. Ama-Akhal-Tekeans anesici esisodwa sezinhlamvu: abanye abantu balolu hlobo lokuzalela abanawo i-mane.
Amanye mane awanethezekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-argamaki yayihlala endaweni eshisayo, ngaphezu kwalokho, izimila ngokweqile zingathinta kabi ijubane lehhashi.
Kusetshenziswa
Ihhashi le-Akhal-Teke, njengohlobo lokugibela, linamandla amakhulu asetshenziswa emidlalweni eminingi yezwe. Umjaho wamahhashi u-Akhal-Teke wayalwa ngokwakhiwa kwe-USSR. Ngomjaho wamahhashi wamahhashi ka-Akhal-Teke, yonke imiklomelo yasendulo nawo wonke ubudala namaqembu ubulili asungulwa, ngokuvamile amukelwa emigudwini yamahhashi yamahhashi. Lokhu, okokuqala, umklomelo weDerby, umklomelo oyinhloko wawo wonke amahhashi ahlolwa kuma-hippodromes, nayo yonke imiklomelo yendabuko, lapho igama liguqukayo kuphela, futhi nebanga lihlala liyinto yakudala eyenziwe eNgilandi.
Yonke imiklomelo ephambili, kufaka phakathi i-All-Russian Derby yohlobo lwe-Akhal-Teke, ibanjelwa emjahweni wesibili omkhulu futhi obaluleke kakhulu womjaho waseRussia - iPyatigorsk. Ungabona izinhlanga emahhashini ase-Akhal-Teke nakuma-hippodrome e-Krasnodar, kanye nakumaHippodromes e-Ashgabat nase Tashkent. KwiMosical Hippodrome, amahhashi ka-Akhal-Teke aqala ukuqalwa ngo-2005, lapho abanjelwa khona imiklomelo yeRussia Argamak ne-Shamborant Cup.
Ijubane lokuqopha le-Akhal-Teke emijahweni ebushelelezi: izingane ezineminyaka emibili nge-1000 m - 1 min 03,5 s, izingane ezineminyaka emithathu ngonyaka ka-2000 m - 2 min 11.5 s, 2400 m - 2 min 41.6 s.
Emidlalweni yama-equestrian yakudala, amahhashi ka-Akhal-Teke futhi akhombisa ithalente elihle. Abasubathi abancintisana kakhulu bekungama-stallion ama-Arab (aqede ukugijima i-Ashgabat - eMoscow endaweni yesibili), uPosman noPenteli. Kwakungu-Arab ompunga okhombise ithalente elikhethekile lokugxuma, njengoba enqobile emqhudelwaneni ubude obungu-2 m 12 cm, okuyihhashi lokuncintisana.
Indodana ka-Arabhu oyimfe emnyama eArabia (i-Arab - Baccarat 1952) ikhazimulise ukuzalaniswa kuka-Akhal-Teke emhlabeni wonke. Ngo-1960, ekhuluma ohlelweni lokulungiswa kabusha kuma-Olimpiki eRoma, u-Absent nomgibeli wakhe uSergei Filatov baba izingqwele ze-Olimpiki. Kuwo wonke umlando wama-Olimpiki wokuphindwa kabusha kwe-Olimpiki, u-Absent uhlale eyihhashi kuphela - umpetha we-Olimpiki wokuphindwa kwezinzalo ezingewona amaJalimane futhi engazange nokuba nethonya legazi lamahhashi emidlalo yaseGerman. Ngaphezu kwesihloko somgadli we-Olimpiki u-Absinthe ubuye wanqoba isicoco sokuba ngumpetha waseYurophu futhi ubengophumelele emncintiswaneni wama-USSR. Ngo-1964, u-Absinthe wawina indondo yethusi kuma-Olimpiki Games eTokyo ngaphansi kosizi luka-Honored Master of Sports we-USSR uSergey Filatov, kwathi kuma-Olimpiki eMexico City wayesezokwabelana ngesiliva leqembu leqembu laseSoviet ngaphansi komdwebo ka-Ivan Kalita.
Isikhumbuzo esiya kummeleli ovelele wohlobo lwe-Akhal-Teke sakhiwe ezweni lakubo, eKazakhstan, endaweni yepulazi leLugovsky Stud.
Namuhla, amahhashi ka-Akhal-Teke ayaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa emidlalweni yama-apter classic, egxile kakhulu ekuphindaphindweni.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamasudi
Abantu be-Akhal-Teke beza ngemivimbo eminingi ehlukahlukene. Okuthandwa kakhulu yisudi yamahhashi i-Isabella. I-Isabella ingumbala wobisi olubhakwe olushintsha umbala kuye ngokukhanya.
Akhal-Teke kungenzeka isiliva no-pink nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umehluko ngemibala, ehlanganiswe ngamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wale mibala emihle, wenza abantu be-Akhal-Teke babe yizilwane ezihle kakhulu nezingajwayelekile ze-oda ye-equine.
Izinwele zehhashi le-Akhal-Teke zihlukaniswa ngobumnene obumnene. Izinwele zezilwane ziphonswa nge-saten sheen. Ukukhula kwamahhashi kukhulu kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwamahhashi ifinyelela imitha lapho ibuna. Izilwane ezinkulu, nokho, zihlukaniswa ngomusa nobuhle.
Amehlo kaTekintsev aconsa kancane. Ekhanda kukhona izindlebe ezinomumo ophelele. Ngeke uhlangane no-Akhal-Teke endle. Abantu bayazalanisa. Ukuze isetshenziswe emidlalweni yama-equestrian, umjaho wamahhashi, ukuphindaphindwa, amahhashi anjalo ayabiwa.
Ukuzala
Izinhlobo ezizalanisa imigqa ehlehlela emuva ikakhulukazi ehhashini elidumile lekhulu le-19. Isigqila : ama-stallions Melekush (UBoynou - u-Oraz Niyaz Karadyshly 1909, ngonyaka we-1956 wethulwa ku-N. S. Khrushchev njengesipho ku-Elizabeth II), U-Everdy Telecom futhi USapar Khan. Eminye imigqa eyinhloko yohlu lozalo lwesimanje lwe-Akhal-Teke yimigqa I-Gelishikli (Fakir Sulu - Gesel 1949) UmArab, Kaplan, UKir Sakara (Algyr - Aiden 1936) Spruce (Tugurbay - Elkab 1932) no I-Fakirpelvana (Fakir Sulu - Fidget 1951).
Amahhashi e-Akhal-Teke akhonjiswa namuhla emijahweni yamahhashi, kanye nemibukiso yezindondo zabanqobi baseRussia kanye nasemhlabeni, kanye nasezindondweni zemicimbi emikhulu enikezelwe kumahhashi, ngokwesibonelo, i-Equiros International Horse Exhibition eMoscow. I-Equiros ibamba umqhudelwano waminyaka yonke weNdebe Yomhlaba wonke, osungulwe yiVladimir Shamborant Horse Stud. INdebe Yomhlaba ingumcimbi omkhulu kunayo yonke wokuzalwa kuka-Akhal-Teke.
Ukuzalela kutshalwa emazweni amaningi omhlaba.
Izici zokunakekelwa kwehhashi le-Akhal-Teke
Okuqukethwe ihhashi le-Akhal-Teke kumele kubhekwe umlingiswa wabo ophambukayo. Iqiniso ngukuthi la mahhashi kade akhuliswa njengehhashi kumnikazi oyedwa. Ngakho-ke, abayilaleli kakhulu imikhwenyana nabasebenzi abanakekela amahhashi ka-Akhal-Teke.
Lesi isilwane esizimele. Unomqondo okhule kahle wabagibeli. Uma umgibeli engaxhumana nehhashi, angasebenza naye njengoba ethanda.
Kungcono ukuthi udlulise imfundo ye-Akhal-Teke umnakekeli ochwepheshe. Inani eliphakeme lokuthuthuka komzimba kubantu be-Teking liza sekwephuzile - eminyakeni engu-4-5. Ukunakekela la mahhashi aseTurkmen kubandakanya lokhu okulandelayo:
- ukondla,
- ukugeza nsuku zonke
- ukuhlanza,
- ukuhamba amabanga amade.
Yimiphi imidlalo esetshenziswa ngabantu baka-Akhal-Teke?
Ama-Akhal-Teke amahhashi amahle ngokugibela. Amandla abo okushesha nokukhululeka kuzoba wusizo kule ndawo. Futhi abasubathi bayayazisa i-gait yabo ethambile, ebushelelezi.
Okwe-dressage bathanda nokusebenzisa. Umusa nomusa wehhashi kuzonikela amaphuzu amahle lapho kuhlolwa amakhono kanye nengaphandle.
Emfundweni ye-Akhal-Teke, imvelo yabo ethanda inkululeko nokuzimela kufanele ibhekwe. Lawa mahhashi ngeke azivumele ukuthi asetshenziswe ngokuphoqa. Uthando lwe-Akhal-Teke kuphela olungavuswa kuphela ngothando.
Izinhlobo ze-Akhal-Teke zohlobo lwamahhashi
I-Gelishikli - abamele ejwayelekile kakhulu yohlobo lokuzalwa, enezici zokuphawuleka kwezimpawu.
- Cyrus - Sakara - Akhal-Teke amahhashi anomthethosisekelo oqinile nemiphumela emihle kude.
- ISkaka - abamele le nhlobo bakhulu kanti nomzimba wabo uphakama kancane.
- U-Kaplana - ehlukaniswe nolayini kir - sakara. Ezilwaneni zalolu hlobo, uhlobo oluvezwa kahle lokukhuliswa nokukhula okuphezulu. Amahhashi asebenza kahle kakhulu.
- I-Spruce - amahhashi alolu hlobo lwesiqu esifushane. Ngalesi sizathu, baqala ukusetshenziswa kaningi kunabanye.
- Ama-Arab - ama-stallion amnyama nama-bay mares - lesi isici sesici salolu hlobo. Lokhu kuzala okuhlonishwa abasubathi. Futhi nabathandi bokuzala izinhlobo zamahhashi bamthanda.
- AmaKarlavach ayizilwane eziphakathi nendawo. Bathandwa abafuyi bamahhashi emidlalweni ebushelelezi yemidlalo.
- I-Fakirpelvana - la mahhashi azibonakalise ngokwawo emidlalweni yamahhashi ezemidlalo. Sebenza ekuthuthukiseni ukuzala kuyaqhubeka.
Ukuzalela u-Akhal-Teke
Ama-Akhal-Teke amahhashi azalela ngendlela yemvelo emapulazini e-Stud. Kepha abafuyi bayathanda Ukungeniswa okwenziwe ngobuciko, ngoba le ndlela ikhiqiza kakhulu.
Ukukhulelwa kwe-mama kuthatha izinyanga eziyishumi nanye. Imvamisa, kuzalwa inkonyane eyodwakuyaqabukela i-mare iletha izimpondo ezimbili. Emizuzwini yokuqala, izimpungushe ziba manqikanqika, kepha ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, ziqala ukuhamba ngenkuthalo bese ziwa ezingalweni zikamama.
Ngokushesha zihamba ngokukhululeka. Foal isigamu sonyaka sidla ubisi lwebele. Kamuva, idluliselwa ekudleni kwezitshalo.
Ama-Akhal-Teke amahhashi ahlobo lwamahhashi abiza kakhulu. Kepha uhlala e-Turkmenistan, naseRussia, naseMelika. Ama-connoisseurs weqiniso amahhashi awazisa kakhulu amahhashi awo. Bazigcina zisesimweni sobukhosi futhi bazungeza nge-caress nokunakekelwa. Akhal-Teke abantu banamuhla umcebo wesizwe sonkezigcinwe ngokucophelela futhi zivikelwe abafuyi bamahhashi.
Akhal-Teke amahhashi eRussia
Amahhashi ka-Akhal-Teke ayethandwa kakhulu eMbusweni waseRussia. Abokuqala babo beza kuleli lizwe ngesikhathi sikaTsar Ivan the Terrible. Kuyiqiniso, ngaleso sikhathi igama lesimanje lalawa mahhashi belingakabikho, futhi wonke amahhashi anendawo yangaphandle esetshenzisiwe ayebizwa ngokuthi "ama-ardamaks."
E-Russia, ama-Akhaltenkines ayaziswa kakhulu. Abafuyi abaningi abadumile babathengela imali eningi abazoyisebenzisa ekwenzeni umsebenzi wokufuya. Kwakungenxa yalawa mahhashi lapho kudalwa khona iDon, ihhashi laseRussia nezinye izinhlobo ezithile.
Phezu kokujwayelekile, bekukhona nemithombo yezingane ekhethekile eyayizalela amahhashi e-Akhal-Teke kuphela. Ngesikhathi se-USSR, indawo yabo esemqoka yokusebenza kwakuwukulungiswa kokushiyeka okuthile kumthethosisekelo wamahhashi, kanye nokwanda kokukhula kwabo.
Namuhla, ihhashi le-Akhal-Teke lidlangile eRussia. Inani lesibili ngobukhulu labamele abamele ukuzaleliswa ligxilwe lapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abafuyi bezindlu abagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ingaphandle labo, kodwa futhi bagcine izici ezikhona kulayini we-pedigree.
Isimilo
Uhlobo lwamahhashi e-Akhal-Teke ukufanisa ukubukeka kwawo. Lezi yizilwane eziqhoshayo, ezihloniphekayo. Ezigabeni zokuqala zokuhlangana nezinyoni ezinjalo, umnikazi kuyofanela azame kanzima ukuthola ukwethenjwa kwakhe. Kepha uma ihhashi lisemqaphela umniniyo, khona-ke uyozinikela kuye ngokungenamkhawulo konke impilo yakhe.
Okunye okugqamile ngomlingiswa ka-Akhal-Teke iqiniso lokuthi uma isilwane esinjalo simqaphela umniniyo, khona-ke siyenqaba kakhulu ukuvumela abanye abantu ukuba bangene. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi sici sabekwa ezinhlotsheni zamahhashi ngokubonga ngendlela ekhethekile yokukhulisa izitha esizweni sakwaTeke.
Ngokuqondene nezimpawu zomlingiswa ojwayelekile, lokhu kufaka amandla, amandla athuthukile engqondo, ukuqina okusheshayo, kepha ngaphandle kokuhlukumezeka ngokweqile. Futhi, la mahhashi ayizingcweti. Uma umniniyo ephansi ngamandla e-intando kunehhashi lakhe, khona-ke ngokuvamile lesibili lithatha isikhundla bese linquma ukuthi liziphatha kanjani esimweni esithile.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kokuzalela
Abantu be-Akhal-Teke bayinhlanganisela yomusa, amandla nokukhuthazela. Ihhashi eliqhenyayo nelinobuhlakani lidinga inhlonipho futhi alixoleli inhlamba. Unamathele kakhulu kumnikazi futhi kungenzeka angavumi ukuguqulwa kobunikazi. Amahhashi akafuni ekudleni, kepha adinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela.
Ukuthuthuka ngokomzimba emahhashini wohlobo lwe-Akhal-Teke kuphela ngeminyaka engu-4-6, okunyusa izindleko zokugcinwa kwazo.
Incazelo yehhashi le-Akhal-Teke
Amahhashi alo mhlobo, lapho esebonile, awakwazi ukudideka nabanye. Ubumsulwa begazi eligcinwe ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane buye babonakaliswa ezimfanelweni zangaphandle. I-Akhalteke stallion emaphethelweni ifinyelela amasentimitha angama-160-170, ama-sentimitha angu-150-160. Uma uyiqhathanisa nezilwane zezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, khona-ke ifana nengulule: ukukhanya okufanayo, okusheshayo, okuhle. Izakhamizi ze-Akhal-Teke ziyadlala futhi ziyagxumagxuma, zingakwenza ngaphandle kwamanzi nokudla isikhathi eside.
Izinhlobonhlobo namasudi
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ngaphakathi kokuzalela:
- Mude, ngokulingana okuphelele komzimba.
- I-Srednerosly, enezinkomba ezilinganayo zokulinganisa.
- Imfishane, iqinile ngokomzimba.
Phakathi kwamahhashi e-Akhal-Teke kukhona amahhashi emivimbo ehlukahlukene (ezingxenyeni zesibalo senani eliphelele lemfuyo):
Yonke imivimbo ibonakala nge-undercoat emfushane yombala wegolide noma wesiliva.Inika umbala oyinhloko ukugqama, ishintsha ngokuya ngokukhanya kokukhanya.
Izindlela Zokufunda Nokufunda
Ama-Akhal-Teke amahhashi awafani ekuthengeni izihambi. Izici zokwakheka kwezinhlobo zithuthukise ukuziqhenya nokuzimela kubo. U-Akhal-Teke ubona umnikazi kuphela, akaxhumani nabanye abantu. Ukunamathiselwa okunjalo sekutshaliwe ezilwaneni okwenziwe izinkulungwane zeminyaka.
Phakathi kwabantu bakwa-Akhal-Teke, kutholakala abantu abahle, abanovalo nabashisayo. Ukuphoqwa ngamandla kuhlangana nenkani nokwenqaba ukulalela imiyalo. Kepha ihhashi alikhombisi ulaka kumuntu.
Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuqeqeshwa, udinga ukwakha ukuzethemba. Lokhu kuzothatha isikhathi, ukuqonda ukuqonda kwengqondo kwe-Akhal-Teke. Uma ihhashi libona umqeqeshi, khona-ke ukuqeqeshwa ngeke kudinge umzamo. Ama-Akhal-Teke amahhashi, anenkumbulo enhle, afunda kalula nangokuzimisela.
Yini izici zamahhashi e-isabella suti?
Umbala we-Isabella ufana nombala wobisi olubhakwe. Ama-Akhal-Tekeans ale suti anezikhumba ezipinki nezinwele ezinombala okhilimu. Elangeni, amahhashi ka-Akhal-Teke anombala we-Isabella abukeka egolide. Ngaphezu kombala onqabile, anamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma aluhlaza.
Abafuyi bachaza ukubonakala kwamahhashi ale suti ngohlobo olufihlekile lwama-albino. Ukuqinisekiswa kwalokhu kungukuqagela kwamahhashi e-isabella ezifweni zamehlo nesikhumba, okujwayelekile kuma-albino. Izakhamizi ze-Akhal-Teke ezinombala onjalo zinobunzima ngokwengeziwe ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zasehlane laseTurkmen.
Imithetho yokuqukethwe eyisisekelo
Ukugcina impilo yamahhashi yohlobo lwe-Akhalteke, kuyadingeka ukuhambisana nezidingo zokulungiswa kwazo.
Uhlu lwezimo ezidingekayo luhlanganisa:
- Ukondla ngokuhambisana nomsebenzi womzimba wesilwane.
- Ukuhlanza nsuku zonke.
- Ukwelashwa kwamanzi kathathu ngeviki.
- Kanye ngenyanga, ukuhlolwa kwenselo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwamazinyo kabili ngonyaka.
- Ukuhamba nsuku zonke emoyeni omusha ngomsebenzi womzimba.
Ukuhlanza ukusetshenziswa kwamahhashi:
- amabhulashi wezinwele zemvelo (kanzima futhi athambile),
- ikamu lokhuni
- isiponji (ngesiphuzo nesiphuzo),
- indwangu / indwangu,
- izimbambo zokugeza izinselo,
- insimbi yokuhlanza insimbi
Inqubo yokuhlanza iqala ngekhanda, idlulela emahlombe, ibune, emuva nasemilenzeni. Ukuze uvolo usebenzise ibhulashi elukhuni. Ezindaweni lapho amathambo angavikelwa khona yimisipha, hlanza ngebhulashi elithambile. Ngemuva kwalokho umsila ne-mane kuhlanganiswa namanzi bese kufakwa ngesiga. Ama-Hooves ahlanzwa ngegwegwe futhi asulwe ngentambo emanzi. Sula i-muzzle ngesiponji esimanzi nxazonke zamehlo nasemakhaleni. Okunye isiponji kusetshenziselwa ukwelapha isikhumba ngaphansi komsila. Ama-velvet amtens kancane akhasa ihhashi lonke.
Ukuhlomisa isitebhisi
Isitezi sitholakala ngaphandle kwedolobha, kude nomgwaqo. Izilwane zigcinwa ezakhiweni zokhuni, kufakwe umoya omncane, kukhanyiswe (okwemvelo + okwenziwe). Ezithelini bahlela indawo efudumele: kusisekelo sobumba lukakhonkolo babeka umbhede wotshani okungenani amasentimitha ayi-10. Ama-feeders abekwa kulo lonke ububanzi besitokisi ngokujula kwepallet yamasentimitha angama-40.
Ukondla nokuphuza
Kunconywa ukondla ihhashi ngamahora athile, okuvusa imfihlo yokuphuza ujusi wesisu nokutholwa okungcono kokuphakelayo. Uhlobo lokuphuza luyafana nezinye izinhlobo zamahhashi: amanzi anikezwa ngaphambi kokondla. Umthamo wansuku zonke we-fluid uhlukahluka nesikhathi sonyaka. Esimweni esishisayo, ihhashi lidinga amalitha amanzi angama-60-70, ngesikhathi esibandayo - amalitha angama-35- 40. Amanzi kufanele abe musha, ahlanzekile, ngokushisa kwe- + 10 ... + 15 degrees.
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba akuvunyelwe isigamu sehora ngaphambi nangemva kokudla. Ihhashi lokujuluka liyaniselwa ngemuva kokuphola phansi. Ukudla kunqunywa ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni komzimba. Ezikhathini zasendulo, amaTurkmens ayesekela ihhashi ngobisi lwamakamela, ama-castillas ngamafutha emvana, amaqanda.
Ukudla okuyinhloko
Isisekelo sokudla kwamahhashi e-Akhal-Teke yile:
- ukugqwala
- okuphakelayo okuluhlaza okotshani
- ugxila.
- hay,
- utshani,
- I-Chaff kashukela kakolweni, ibhali.
Ukudla okuluhlaza kungotshani obusha. Ukuphakelwa okugxilwe kukho kufaka okusanhlamvu kanye nesilage.
Amakhekhe ekudleni kwezakhamizi ze-Akhal-Teke:
I-silage ilungiswe kusuka kusisindo esiluhlaza sombila noma sejongilanga. Ukudla kwansuku zonke kubheka izindleko zamandla ezilwane. Ngezinsuku lapho ihhashi lihamba ngokugijima okukhanyayo, linikezwa ifolishi (ukudla okuluhlaza nokuluhlaza) ngaphandle kokugxila. Ngokugibela isikhathi eside ngejubane elincane, iphesenti le-forage lehliselwa ku-70%, lifaka okunye esikhundleni sokugxila. Ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa ekubukweni kwe-show jumping, dressage, kanye nokugibela iqembu, iphesenti lokugxila lishintshelwa ku-40%.
Ekuboniseni ukugxuma, ukuphindaphindeka, ifishi nokudla okusanhlamvu kuyalingana. E-triathlon, ihhashi lidinga amandla amaningi futhi lithola ama-60% okusanhlamvu no-40% wamadlelo. Ama-Akhal-Teke amahhashi abamba iqhaza emijahweni adla ngokudla okuphakelayo (70%).
Ngesikhathi sokudla, isilwane siqala ukudliwa ama-roughage, bese siluhlaza. Izinga lansuku zonke le-roughage lihlukaniswe izingxenye ezine: eyodwa ekuseni nantambama, ezimbili ebusuku.
Izithasiselo zokudla okunempilo
Ihhashi linikeza okuphakelayo kokugcina okunamafutha (imifino, izithelo). Kufakwa amavithamini ekudleni njengoba kudingeka.
Amasudi ayisisekelo
Izakhamizi ze-Akhal-Teke zijabule ngemibala ehlukahlukene, phakathi kwazo kukhona obomvu, ophayo, omnyama, wesihlabathi, ophuzi, onsundu we-chocolate, omnyama kanye nobisi olu-pinkish olunomthunzi we-pelescent. Ukuchazwa kwamasudi athandwa kakhulu ama-argamaks kuvezwe kwithebula elilandelayo.
Izithombe | Igama lesudi | Incazelo |
---|---|---|
Bay | Umzimba ushokolethi onsundu. Emilenzeni kukhona amnyama "amasokisi." Imfe nomsila omnyama | |
Bulanaya | Umzimba onsundu ngombala ophuzi. Imfe nomsila omnyama | |
Khokho | Ijazi limnyama, likhanya elangeni, njenge-satin. Imfe nomsila omnyama | |
Kubomvu | Ijazi libomvu kacacac. Ukuqina kombala kwehlukile | |
Grey | Ihhashi lingwevu, lingaba mpunga, licishe libe mhlophe, noma lube mpunga. Emilenzeni yakhe kukhona amasokisi amnyama. I-mane nomsila nazo zimnyama | |
Solovaya | Ihhashi lingu shu. Ingxenye enoboya yomsila ne-mane ilula. Emilenzeni yakhe kukhona amasokisi amancane | |
Isabella | Ijazi linombala opinki no-milky, onombala ophuzi ophuzi. Isihlabathi somsila noma ophuzi |
Phakathi kwabamele u-Akhal-Teke abamele i-bay suti (40%). Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokwehla kwe-oda, amahhashi alandelwa yi-bulan (20%), iqhude (12%), obomvu (11%), grey (8%), usawoti (5%) no-isabella (2,5%) amasudi alandela.
Isudi ka-Isabel
Ama-Akhal-Teke abiza kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho ama-Akhal-Teke abiza kakhulu, angabantu bombala we-isabella onesikhumba esimnyama namabala aluhlaza okotshani noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uboya be-Isabella Akhal-Teke buvutha elangeni, kufana negolide eliphilayo. Emini ekhanyayo, ithola umthunzi we-silvery, ngokukhanya okufiphele - umthunzi omile.
Kunzima ukuchaza isizathu sokubonakala kwamahhashi wombala we-isabella omangalisayo. Ososayensi baphakamisa ukuthi umbala lo uvele njengomphumela wokuhlanganisa izinhlobo zezakhi zofuzo ezibhekene nokwakheka kwemibala elula emahhashini nasekucindezeleni umphumela wemibala emnyama.
Akhal-Teke Isabella
Umbala okhanyayo wesikhumba, amehlo kanye nejazi kuwuphawu oluqondile lwe-albino. Ngalesi sizathu, abantu bakwa-Isabella Akhal-Teke basengozini yokuthola izifo zamehlo nezesikhumba, futhi babuye bajwayele impilo yempilo enkangala.
Ijazi lezimpondo zezisanda ezisanda kuzalwa linombala opinki okhanyayo. Njengoba amathole ekhula, iba mnyama okhazimulayo, udlala elangeni bese ucwebezelwa ngombala obomvu, ophuzi noma obomvana obomvana. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, izinwele zimnyama kancane, kepha zihlala zikhanya.
Abantu bakwa-Isabella Akhal-Teke abavamile kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho bayaziswa kakhulu endalini yamazwe omhlaba. Intengo yabameli abahamba phambili balesi sudi ifinyelela izigidi zamaRandi aseMelika.
Ukugeza
I-Akhal-Teke, ngohlelo lwayo lwezinzwa olusebenzayo, izinqubo zamanzi ziyasebenziseka. Amanzi aqinisa isilwane, athinta imizwa nokudla. Ukugeza kwenziwa 1 isikhathi ngezinsuku ezi-2. Ehlobo, ihhashi ligezwa echibini (lemvelo / elenzelwe). Uphela unyaka wonke, bagcotshwa nge-hose noma ibhakede. Ichibi lelo kufanele libe nesihlabathi noma amatshe ngaphansi ngaphandle kokugcotshwa.
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi - lingaphansi kwama-degrees angu-20. Ukwelashwa kwamanzi kuthatha imizuzu engama-20. Ekupheleni kwayo, amanzi amaningi ngokweqile asuswa ngentende, isikhafu. Ukomisa isikhumba nezinwele kwenzeka emoyeni. Isilwane sihamba ngejubane elincane imizuzu engama-20 size sishone elangeni. Ihhashi lifundiswa ukugeza liphuma hose nebhakede kancane, ukuze amanzi ngaphansi kwengcindezi angawesabisi.
Ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo
Ngokukhula kweminyaka, amazinyo ahlafunayo e-Akhal-Teke aqala ukubola, abangele nobuhlungu lapho ehlafuna. Lapho indala isilwane, kuvame kakhulu ukuhlola amazinyo ayo. Uma kusolwa izinyo, ihhashi likhonjiswa kuchwepheshe.
Izimpawu zezinkinga zamazinyo zingukuphazamiseka kwemisipha yangemuva, ukungathandi ukudla, nokukhathazeka kwezilwane okungenangqondo: ihhashi livame ukukhuphuka.
Izinkambu zesicelo
Izakhamizi ze-Akhal-Teke zibamba iqhaza ngempumelelo kumjaho wamahhashi ezindaweni ezibucayi (ukugibela amahhashi abushelelezi) nokugijima ibanga, asetshenziswa kaningi ekuphindaphindeni futhi kukhonjiswe ukugxuma.
I-Argamaki ngamahhashi amangalisayo. Ngenxa yokukhuthazela kwabo, amahhashi abhekana kalula nokugijima kwezinhlanga futhi kuvame ukufika emgqeni wokuqala. Ukunyakaza kwabo kwentwasahlobo akubakhathali abagibeli.
Ihhashi le-Akhal-Teke likhululekile kubagibeli
Ngokuya ngejubane, u-Akhal-Teke ungaphansi kwamahhashi amaNgisi. ETurkmenistan, imincintiswano ekhethekile yenzelwe ama-argamaks, amahhashi ezinye izinhlobo azivunyelwe ukubamba iqhaza kuzo.
Ngokuphindaphindwa, ama-Akhal-Tekes awalingani. Amahhashi aqeqeshiwe alo msebenzi, enza imiyalo, abukeka emuhle futhi enhle kakhulu. Kepha ngemuva kokulalela okungenamkhawulo kulele iminyaka yokuqeqeshwa kanzima.
Ekubonisweni kwe-show, irekhodi labamele lokhu kuzalaniswa lingama-2 m 12 cm, kanti irekhodi lomhlaba lalungiswa ku-2 m 47 cm.
Enye yezici zohlobo lokuzalela ukuvuthwa sekwephuzile: inani eliphakeme lokusebenza ngokomzimba kwehhashi lifinyelela eminyakeni engama-4-6. Lokhu kwenyusa kakhulu izindleko zokugcinwa kwazo futhi kunciphisa amandla okusetshenziswa kwezemidlalo.
Ama-Akhal-Teke ama-stallion aguqulwa ngokuphelele ukuqeqeshwa kwe-circus nokuqeqeshwa kwamahhashi.
Akhal-Teke Circus Horse
IHorseshoe
Amahhashi abamba iqhaza emijahweni yamahhashi, imincintiswano, afakwa ngamahhashi akhethekile anomphumela wamathambo. Lokhu kuvikela isilwane ekulimaleni emlenzeni. Kwezinye izimo, kusetshenziswa amahhashi endawo yonke.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngohlobo lokuzalela
Emhlabeni kunesibalo samahhashi angama-Akhal-Teke angama-3,000. Ingxenye yabo iseTurkmenistan. AbakwaTurkmens babheka abahlali be-Akhal-Teke njengegugu labo lesizwe, uphawu lwakuleli. Ihhashi lifanekiswa nemvunulo yezingalo, incwadi esebhange yemali kazwelonke. Ngokuhlonishwa kwakhe, kubanjwa iholide likazwelonke - imijaho yaminyaka yonke, lapho izakhamizi ze-Akhal-Teke kuphela ezingabamba iqhaza kuzo.
Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, ababusi bezwe babenamandla okugcina u-Akhal-Teke emihlambini. Ama-Nomadic Turkmens aqukethe amahhashi angama-1-2, ayehlala eduze kwezindlu kwi-lasso ende. Amachwane wesikhathi sokubanda ayiswa ethendeni. Okuqukethwe stall kuye kwakha ubudlelwano phakathi komuntu nehhashi, njengabalingani abalinganayo bokuthembana okuphelele komunye nomunye.
Ezinsukwini zakudala, amaTurkmen athola indawo yokuqala ngokubaluleka kobaba, khona-ke isivakashi. Ihhashi lathatha indawo yesithathu, lalibaluleke ukwedlula unkosikazi walo, izingane kanye nezinye izihlobo. U-Akhal-Teke amahhashi waphila waze waguga, engazi ukuthi isiswebhu siyini. I-pedigree yehhashi ngalinye yathunyelwa ngomlomo ngenxa yokungafundi kwabantu. Imininingwane yalencwajana yaqoqwa maphakathi nekhulu lama-20.
U-Akhal-Teke absinthe emihlanganweni yama-Olimpiki eRoma (1960) waba umuzwa womhlaba. Ngokusebenza kwakhe kabusha, waheha izilaleli ngobuhle bangaphandle, ukubulawa okungakhetheki kwamaqembu, okubonisa ukuhlangana komgibeli nehhashi.
Ukuhlanza
Uboya be-Akhal-Teke kufanele buhlanzwa nsuku zonke. Amathuluzi alandelayo kumele alungiselelwe ukuhlanzwa:
- amabhulashi amathathu (inqwaba enzima, ethambile futhi ende),
- ikamu ekhululekile
- izipanji ezimbili
- velvet mittens noma indwangu
- izimbambo zokugeza izinselo,
- insimbi yokuhlanza insimbi
Ihhashi lihlanzwa ngale ndlela: okokuqala, ikhanda kusuka kwesobunxele liye kwesokudla, bese amahlombe, abune, emuva nemilenze. Ngokuxubha, kusetshenziswa ibhulashi eline-bristled kanzima, futhi izindawo lapho amathambo esondela khona ebusweni besikhumba ahlanzwa ngebhulashi elithambile. Ngemuva kwalokho hlanganisa umsila kanye ne-mane ngejubane lentofontofo.
Ngemuva kwalokho, ngochuku olukhethekile, izinselo ziyahlanzwa. Ngaphandle, izinselo zisulwe ngentambo evuthayo. Izipanji ezimbili zithambile emanzini afudumele: esinye sisula amathumbu nendawo ezungeze amehlo, esinye isikhumba ngaphansi komsila. Ekuphetheni, uboya bukhishwa ngendwangu emanzi noma i-velvet mitt.
Uma umsila wehhashi ubukeka unenkani futhi ukhukhumala, zama ukukusonga ngebhandeshi amahora amaningi. Lokhu kuzosiza ukunika umsila isimo esihle, esifushane.
Umsuka wohlobo lwamahhashi u-Akhal-Teke
Kukholakala ukuthi ihhashi le-Akhal-Teke lavela cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezintathu ubudala. esifundeni iTurkmenistan esiphethe namuhla. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi inani labantu abahlanzekile abangazange bawele namanye amahhashi selifinyelele ezinsukwini zethu, amahhashi ka-Akhal-Teke abhekwa njengezinga lokugibela amahhashi.
Sikweleta ukuvela kwezinhlobo zabantu abakhuluma isi-Iranian base-Central Asia, ababezithanda futhi bezihlonipha kakhulu lezi zilwane. Ngomzamo wokwenza ihhashi elifanele, laba bantu badale ama-Akhal-Tekeans esiwajwayele namuhla.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngesikhathi kuvela uhlobo lokuzalwa kuka-Akhal-Teke, izikhungo ezazingaphansi kwempucuko, njengeMesopotamiya neGibhithe Lasendulo, zazingakasebenzisi lezi zilwane. Ihhashi lasekhaya lafika kubo ngokuqondile bevela e-Asia Ephakathi, okungukuthi, empeleni, amahhashi e-Akhal-Teke aba ngabazalisi bayo yonke eminye imihlambi yamahhashi emhlabeni waseNtshonalanga. Ngokweminye imibiko, ngisho nezimpucuko zasempumalanga (China, Japan) zathola amahhashi ngokuqondile nge-Akhal-Teke.
Imikhuba yokuthi amahhashi aphambili emhlabeni agqitshwa esifundeni saseTurkmenistan sanamuhla atholakala yonke indawo ezincwadini zasendulo, kusukela ngesikhathi soFarao. KumaNkathi Ephakathi kuphela ukubaluleka kokuzalela kwaqala ukulahleka, ngoba inzalo edumile yamahhashi e-Akhal-Teke - amahhashi ase-Arabia, ama-Andalus, njll. Yaqala ukwanda e-Asia naseYurophu.
Njengoba i-Europe kanye nomhlaba wama-Arabhu behlukane nezilwane zasendaweni, uhlobo lwe-Akhal-Teke lwamahhashi lwaqhubeka lithandwa kakhulu eCentral Asia naseRussia (ngaleso sikhathi sasiyibiza nge- “argamak”). Kodwa-ke, ngaleso sikhathi babembalwa kakhulu abantu ababesele bebheka ubumsulwa betshe futhi futhi selisondele ekuguguleni. Ukuzalela kwasindiswa ngokwanda koMbuso WaseRussia eCentral Asia. Ngesikhathi amaRussia efika engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19 Imfuyo ene-purebred yahlala kuphela endaweni yama-Akhal-Tek. Ngakho-ke ukuzalela kwaba negama laso lesimanje.
Ngokusungulwa kwamandla eSoviet, kwaqala umsebenzi wokuzalela okungathi sína, okuhloswe ngawo ukuthi "kwenziwe kabusha" lolu hlobo lwasendulo noluphelelwe isikhathi. Imizamo emikhulu yenziwa ukukhulisa ukukhula kwehhashi nokulungisa amaphutha athile ngaphandle. Ngenxa yalokhu, abahlali be-Akhal-Teke banamuhla bahlukile kokhokho babo, ababephila eminyakeni eyinkulungwane edlule, bakhula kuphela futhi babe nabantu abavamile. Futhi zonke ezinye izici ezihlukile ezenza ukuthi i-Akhal-Teke ihhashi libe lihamba phambili noma elinye lokuhamba phambili ligcinwe.
Ukusuka eSoviet Union, ihhashi le-Akhal-Teke laqala ukusakazeka emhlabeni jikelele futhi. Iphinde izitholele lo msebenzi ngokwayo, izwe laseNtshonalanga laqala ukusebenzisa igama lethu lesijwayelekile le-Akhalteke. Namuhla, la mahhashi agqitshwa emazweni amaningi, kepha imfuyo eminingi kakhulu eRussia naseTurkmenistan.
Kungenzeka yini ukuzala u-Akhal-Teke?
Ngakho-ke, sitshele cishe konke mayelana namahhashi e-Akhal-Teke, manje ake siqhubekele entweni esemqoka - kumathemba okuzala kabusha kwezentengiso eRussia.
Njengoba uhlobo lwe-Akhal-Teke lokuzalela kwamahhashi ngokwezinga elithile lingelakho ezweni lethu, izindleko zamasheya amancane asezingeni eliphansi ziphansi kakhulu kunentengo yempahla yaseYurophu noma yaseMelika.Kodwa-ke, ungakhohlwa ukuthi sikhuluma ngomjaho ogcwele kahle, okusho ukuthi ngokuchazwa ubaluleke ngaphezu kwehhashi elijwayelekile elihanjwayo.
Ngokunikezwa kwezimpawu, inhloso kanye nezindleko zamahhashi wohlobo lwama-Akhalteke, kunezindlela ezimbili zokuthi ungayenza kanjani imali ngokuzalanisa nokukhulisa.
Okokuqala, lezi zilwane zisadinga ezemidlalo, ngakho-ke uma unethiwekhi eminyene yokuxhumana nabantu abacebile abanothando ngalesi sihloko, ungaqala ukuthengisa ama-stallion aqeqeshiwe kulabo abafisa ukubamba iqhaza emidlalweni yama-equestrian. Asikho isidingo sokukhuluma ngokuthi imakethe icacile futhi incane kangakanani. Ukuze wenze imali ngayo, udinga ukwenza umzamo omkhulu ukwedlula kunoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lwebhizinisi.
Okwesibili, izakhamizi ze-Akhal-Teke ngokuvamile zilungele izinhloso zokuvakasha. Futhi yize kunenganekwane ephikelelayo ngohlobo lwale hlobo lokuzalwa, ukuthi ukufudumala kwamahhashi amaTurkmen kubi futhi kungenasisekelo, eqinisweni le nkinga ihaba ngokweqile. Ikakhulu uma ukhetha ukukhetha okunengqondo kwamahhashi e-Akhal-Teke futhi ngokuvamile uwaphathe ngomusa.
Kulokhu, amathuba okuzala kabusha kwamahhashi e-Akhal-Teke ngokuvamile aphelile. Ukukhulisa la mahhashi amahle ngokudla inyama nobisi kuzoba inhlamba yangempela. Futhi hhayi ngoba kuwukuzalela kwamahhashi amahle, kodwa futhi ngoba kunezinhlobo ezikhiqizayo zenyama lapho abantu be-Akhal-Teke bephansi kakhulu kulolu daba.
Kepha uma silahla ezentengiselwano futhi sibheka amahhashi kuphela njengezilwane ezihambisana naye, khona-ke amahhashi e-Akhal-Teke mahle kakhulu kulokhu. Amahhashi alolu hlobo lokuzalela anamathele kakhulu kubanikazi bawo futhi akhokha ukuthobela ngesimo sawo esihle. Ngabe ufuna ukuthola amahhashi amabili ukuze uzingenele ekugibeleni amahhashi emvelweni ngezimpelasonto? Izakhamizi ze-Akhal-Teke ziphelele ngalezi zinhloso. Noma, ngokwesibonelo, nikeza umkakho ihhashi le-Akhal-Teke elibushelelezi - lesi yisipho esihle kakhulu futhi esingavunyelwe ngokuphelele ukuthi angasazisa.
Akhal-Teke amahhashi
Lapho wenza isitebhisi, kufanele ulandele imithetho esezingeni elifanayo kuwo wonke amahhashi acwengekile, okusho ukuthi nawo asebenza emahhashini ka-Akhal-Teke.
Kungcono ukubeka esitebeleni ngaphandle komuzi, noma, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, emaphethelweni, kude nezindawo ezinkulu nezindawo zokuhlala ezinabantu abaningi. Izizathu zisobala futhi azidingi ncazelo.
Isitebhisi ngokwayo kufanele sihlanzeke, sikhanye futhi sifudumele ngokufanele. Yize amahhashi ka-Akhal-Teke angabekezelela aze afike ku-30 degrees weqhwa, ungakhohlwa ngemvelaphi yezinhlobo zamahhashi e-Akhal-Teke. Lezi zilwane zivela esifundeni esinezimo sezulu ezishisayo zasehlane, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukuba khona kwamahhashi njalo emakhazeni ngeke kuholele kunoma yini enhle. Ngaphezu kokudla namanzi, amahhashi adinga okungenani isikhala somuntu okungenani samamitha ayi-4 skwele. amamitha.
Ukulungiswa okujwayelekile kwamahhashi, uzodinga nezinye izakhiwo zasemapulazini:
- hay barn
- inqolobane okunye ukuphakelwa,
- indawo yokugcina impahla, amathuluzi, njll,
- indawo yokuhamba.
Ngaphandle kokuthi uhlele ukwenza ngokwakho ukulungiswa kwamahhashi, kuzodingeka futhi uqashe abanye abasebenzi. Kufanele kubhekwe kakhulu ezindabeni zokuqasha udokotela wezilwane nabaqeqeshi, ngoba impilo yehhashi namandla alo okwenza imisebenzi yayo kuncike kulabachwepheshe.