I-gogol ejwayelekile | |||||||||
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Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi | |||||||||
Umbuso: | Eumetazoi |
I-infraclass: | Newborn |
I-Superfamily: | Anatoidea |
subfamily: | Amadada wangempela |
Buka: | Gogol Evamile |
I-gol ejwayelekile (I-Latin Bucephala clangula) - inyoni yomndeni wamadada, idayi eliphakathi nendawo eliphakathi nendawo elinekhanda elikhulu eliyindilinga, umlomo omfishane namaplamu ahlukene omnyama nomhlophe. Okusatshalalisiwe ezonini ihlathi we Nenkabazwe - kokubili eYurophu nase-Asia futhi Melika. Ihlala ezidlekeni zezihlahla ngasogwini lwamachibi echibi; ngesikhathi sokuzalela igcinwa emigqonyeni enomthunzi, ku-clutch kunamaqanda ama-5 ukuya kwangu-13 ngotshani obuluhlaza. Ngokungafani namanye amadada amaningi, imihlambi emikhulu ibumba kakhulu esikhathini esidlekayo (ngaphandle kokuqongelelwa ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa), kepha, kwesinye isikhathi yenzeka ngamaqembu amancane ahlakazekile. Ubusika ku seashores nemizimba ezinkulu angenasawoti yamanzi - imifula, amachibi kanye amadamu. Yonke indawo embalwa, kepha kwezinye izindawo inyoni ejwayelekile. Idla ikakhulu kuma-invertebrates asemanzini.
Ukubukeka
Idada le-Chunky elinekhanda elikhulu nentamo emfushane. Ubude 42-50 cm, amaphiko angama-65-80 cm, abesilisa asisindo esingu-750-1245 g, isisindo sowesifazane 500-1182 g. Umqhele ubukeka kancane futhi ukhombe, ngenxa yalokho ukwakheka kwekhanda kuthatha ukwakheka kukanoxantathu. Uqhwaku lwenhlanzi okuthiwa i sifushane futhi okusezingeni eliphezulu ngasesinqeni, nge marigold emincane. Owesilisa ogqoke ingubo yomshado unekhanda elimnyama elinensimbi eluhlaza okotshani, ibala elimhlophe eliyindilinga ngaphansi kwamehlo ngaphansi kwesiqhomo. Imvula ephuzi, uqhotho omnyama. Chest, isisu namathanga izinhlangothi ezimhlophe elikhanyayo, emahlombe a idayagonali omnyama nomhlophe pigtail. Iningi langemuva nomsila kumnyama. Izimpiko zinombala onsundu, ngaphandle kwalesi “sibuko” esikhulu esimhlophe esisezimpondweni zesibili, ngaphansi kwephiko kumnyama. Imilenze zinemibala esawolintshi ne dark ulwelwesi, kuhlanganise ulwelwesi lezwaneni emuva.
Owesifazane ubukeka engaqhathani kangako, nge-predominance of brownish-grey shades. Ikhanda limdaka omnyama ngekhola emhlophe emincane. I okungukuthi rainbow ukuphaphatheka ophuzi noma amhlophe, lwalo grey, ngokuvamile i esawolintshi noma ephuzi Ibhande phezulu. Isidumbu esiphezulu sinomphunga ompunga, omhlophe ongezansi. Ingaphezulu lepiko limnyama-iphuphu, inesibuko esimhlophe esifana nesesiduna. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phezu kwesibuko phezu coverts kukhona imivimbo ezimbili ezimhlophe. Imilenze iyancishiswa ngokuqhathaniswa nabesilisa - iphuzi kakhulu kunowolintshi. Ekugqokeni kwehlobo, owesilisa uba ngaphezulu njengowesifazane, kodwa-ke, ugcina iphethini yakhe yephiko elilodwa, hhayi kathathu, ibala eliqhakazile. izinyoni Young cishe musa ihluke kumuntu wesifazane omdala, kodwa abe-iris sinombala.
Imvamisa kuba khona okumbalwa okungu-2 okuhlukile komunye nomunye ngobukhulu obujwayelekile nobude boqhwaku: i-Eurasian B. c. clangula kanye neMelika enkulu B. c. americana. Abanye ababhali baqaphela ukuthi izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ziyi-monotypic, ngoba zombili izingqinamba ezixubekile zihlanganiswa engxenyeni ethile yendawo, futhi ushintsho kubude bomlomo lubizwa ngokuthiwa “wedge” (ngokwesayensi yezinto eziphilayo, izimpawu zesibonakaliso ziyaguquka kancane kancane ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezibonakalayo nezendawo).
Vota
Phakathi imiboniso ngokumitha kwemihlambi ngaphakamisa, le likhipha elilomnyaka ukubhoboza umsindo of "bi biizz, ukumangala", ngokuvamile uhambisana ongaphakeme ezomile umsindo futhi afana ziyanswininiza of owawuhlala. Izimpendulo zezinsikazi ezine-burrr-burrr esetshenzisiwe, imvamisa endizayo - imisindo efanayo yenziwa ngabansundu. Ngaphezu kwezwi, i-gogol ingazwakala ngokukhala okuphezulu kwamakhonkwane okushaywa ngamaphiko owesilisa endizeni. Whistling ihlombe sici amadada eziningi, kodwa kuphela Gogol has a umsindo ecacile futhi ecace ngale ndlela.
Ububanzi be-Nesting
INyakatho Melika ithathwa njengekhaya le-gogol, ukusuka lapho inyoni yaqala yathutha e-Asia, yabe isisakazeka kuyo yonke indawo esenyakatho. Ububanzi ukuzalela ihlanganisa coniferous ihlathi zone. Izwekazi laseMelika, lidla kusuka e-Alaska liye eNewfoundland eningizimu cishe nomngcele waseCanada naseMelika. E-Eurasia, esasatshalaliswa empumalanga yeSwitzerland, izifunda zangaphambili kweYugoslavia naseScandinavia, zafika eziqhingini zaseSakhalin nase-Iturup empumalanga. Esikhathini Baltic uthi, Poland, eJalimane, Czech Republic naseGreat Britain kwenzeka babeyivakashela ngankathi (isibonelo, eBritish Isles kuphela Caledonian Ihlathi esifundeni).
Kuvame kakhulu emahlathini asenyakatho empumalanga, kufaka phakathi i-taiga yaseSiberia. Engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia ifinyelela eningizimu e-Yaroslavl, eNizhny Novgorod, ezifundeni zaseRyazan, eKazakhstan eningizimu kuze kube semlonyeni we-Ileak, empumalanga enyakatho yezwe kuya ku-53 ° C. n., uma uqhubeka uya ngasempumalanga eningizimu kanye esigodini Irtysh iChibi Zaysan, lapho umngcele uhla sihamba endaweni ye-Black Irtysh esigodini Tannu-Ola khahlamba, izigodi we Jida futhi Chikoi emifuleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umngcele we-nesting ungena enyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, bese uphinde ungene emingceleni yaseRussia esifundeni soMfula iBolshaya Ussurka.
Ukufuduka
Ngo ukuzedlula zonke kulezi zintaba, izinyoni ezifudukayo, imiphakathi sedentary eqoshiwe kuphela ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeYurophu. Kwezinye izimo, ikhinyabeza eningizimu nasentshonalanga yohlu lokuzalela olwandle olwandle, amachibi amakhulu, imifula nezindawo zokugcina amanzi. Amalungu ezifunda zasenyakatho athuthela olwandle ikakhulukazi. Iningi izinyoni aseNyakatho Yurophu bahlale khona ubusika khona oLwandle iBaltic, eNorth Sea ngasogwini Denmark, Netherlands naseGreat Britain, nasogwini Ireland. Ukusuka ezifundeni eziseningizimu impela, kanye nokusuka engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia, izinyoni ezindiza ziye empumalanga ye-Adriatic, ziye ogwini lwaseGrisi naseLwandle Olumnyama, zisuka eNtshonalanga Siberia ziye eCaspian. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye yezinyoni ithatha amanzi amakhulu asenkabeni eNtshonalanga naseCentral Europe. EliseMpumalanga Ekude, izindawo ubusika zitholakala ezindaweni ice-free kolwandle eKamchatka ukuba China, Taiwan kanye iziqhingi Japanese. ENyakatho Melika, izinyoni zigcwele ulwandle ngasentshonalanga nangasempumalanga, eGulf of Mexico, naseMississippi River Valley ngasenyakatho esifundeni iGreat Lakes.
Habitat
I biotope lokushutheka kuyinto ihlathi amachibi mikhulu, ethule ehlathini emifuleni nezimila bok osebeni lomfula (nenyoni ngokwayo uyakwazi ngena abafika kwabangu-10 m, Nokho it is hhayi ngokuvamile atholakala amadamu nge engaphezu kuka 4 m ukujula), lapho Ivame ukugxila e amatheku encane ngamanzi olubanzi evulekile . Ubusika buhlala olwandle, imvamisa ezindaweni ezivinjelwe amanzi, amadamu aseduze nasogwini olunamadwala kanye nezindawo zokukhucululwa kwendle, emifudlaneni yemifula emikhulu, eningizimu ebangeni ezindaweni ezinamanzi amakhulu angenamakhaza namanzi.
Ngokuzalanisa
Ifinyelela ekukhuleni ineminyaka emibili. Amabili athengiswa ngisho nasezindaweni zokufuduka ebusika, noma kunjalo, ngoba abesilisa nabesifazane bavame ubusika ezindaweni ezihlukile, abantu abaningi bahlala bodwa kuze kube yilapho kuqala ukufuduka kwentwasahlobo. Gogols ukuza yokuzalanisa amasayithi ngababili noma ngamaqembu amancane, ekuseni kakhulu, lapho iningi imizimba amanzi Namanje embozwe iqhwa futhi avele kuphela ezindaweni lokuqala incibilikiswa - e ukuzedlula zonke kulezi zintaba ngoMashi. Kuze kuvulwe imithombo yokulondolozwa, i-gogol ihlala emiphongolweni yamanzi e-ice noma kumhlonyane. Lapho ifika, amadrama ahamba futhi aziphathe ngendlela ebonisa ukubonakaliswa, isici esibonisa kakhulu emanzini yile ndlela elandelayo: owesilisa welula intamo yakhe phambili, bese ephonsa ikhanda lakhe emhlane bese ephakamisela uqhwaku lwalo esibhakabhakeni, ngenkathi elicindezela kakhulu ngezinyawo zalo, liphakamisa umthombo wesifutho.
Kuzala ngababili kokuqala ngo-Ephreli noma Meyi. Isidleke sihlela ezihlahleni zezihlahla endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-15 ngaphezu komhlaba, njengomthetho, hhayi kude namanzi. Isebenzisa imisebe yemvelo kwesiqu se-aspen, i-spruce, oki, uphayini futhi imvamisa kakhulu i-birch, ithatha ngokuzithandela izidleke ezindala eziphuzi nembobo yokufakelwa emiswe ezihlahleni nasezigxotsheni. It ukhetha izihlahla azimele wodwa kanye evulekile emhlabeni, kunokuba obukhulu ihlathi zezitsha. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ihlala emhlabathini, lapho ihlala khona imisele yamahabhu, ukungabinakho kwesiqu noma ukufihla isidleke phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla noma izingodo. Uma izimo zivuma futhi kungekho lutho lokuphazamiseka komuntu, lolo luhlala ezindlini eziseduzane nezindlu noma emigwaqweni. Ngokuvamile esidlekeni esifanayo iye yasetshenziswa amashumi eminyaka, kuhlanganise iminyaka eminingi ilandelana eyensikazi efanayo. Indawo ezungeze isidleke ayigadiwe, kepha umbhangqwana ngamunye unengxenye yawo ohlukile yendawo yamanzi. Ilitha ngothuli lwokhuni lapho insikazi ifafaza ugqoko olungajulile, kanye nefreyimu edonswa yidada esifubeni sayo bese inezela esidlekeni ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda okuqala.
Esikhathini bamba kukhona 5-13 amaqanda sinombala-luhlaza noma umbala ogqamile oluhlaza, Nokho, ngokuvamile esibalweni sawo kuhluka 8 kuya ku-11. Kwesinye isikhathi amadada amabili abekwa esidlekeni esifanayo, kanti kulokhu i-clutch ingakhuphukela kumaqanda angama-20 noma ngaphezulu. Esimweni esinjalo, isidleke sivame ukuhlala singanakekelwa ngokuphelele futhi yomibili inzalo iyafa. Amaqanda kukhona mikhulu: osayizi abazidingayo (52-67) x (39-46) mm. Ukubamba kuqala kuqala ngokubekwa kweqanda lokugcina bese kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-29 kuya kwengama-30, kuhlale owesimame oyedwa. Ekuqaleni, ishiya isidleke ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ihamba isikhathi eside ifuna ukudla, ukumboza amaqanda phansi, kodwa ezinsukwini eziyi-10 zokugcina isishisa kakhulu. I drake iseduze isidleke ngezinsuku zokuqala 7-9, ngemva kwalokho-ke awuyeka phakade futhi izimpukane off zezinduna molting kwesizini. Amachwane azalwe embozwe ngenhla ngombala omnyama, ngaphansi kwamhlophe qwa. Emini, bayoma esidlekeni, bese begxuma bebheke emhlabathini, belule amaphiko abo njengeparachute, bese belandela umama wabo emanzini. amadada ngesonto emibili kakade yehle kahle, ngokuzimela ukuzondla futhi ngokuvamile akusebenzi, nakuba ikhono fly kuvela kuphela eneminyaka engu kwezinsuku 57-66 of. Amachwane asekhuphukele ephikweni (enyakatho-nentshonalanga yeRussia lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zika-Agasti) kancane kancane athuthela emanzini amakhulu, futhi ngoSepthemba-Okthoba, ukufudukela kwabantu abaningi ezindaweni zobusika kuyenzeka.
Umsoco
It udla ezingenamgogodla zasemanzini, ngalo Usizakala ikakhulukazi phansi noma izitshalo emanzini, kancane kaningi kukholamu amanzi. Ihlala emanzini isikhathi esiningi, ifinyelele ekujuleni kwamamitha amane noma ngaphezulu futhi ichithe ngaphezu kwengxenye yomzuzu ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ehlobo, lokhu kudla kusekelwe kwizinambuzane nezibungu zazo - izimpukane ze-caddis, izibungu zegazi, izimbungulu zamanzi, izidrako, izimbungulu, imidumba, njll. Ebusika, zidla izimbaza ezinamanzi amaningi kanye nama-crustaceans. Iphinde odla nemisundu eminingi, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni nezinhlanzi ezincane, ekwindla eziningi ezincane by imbewu, izimpande kanye izingxenye vegetative ezimila emanzini.
Izici kanye nendawo yokuhlala yenyoni iGogol
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili Gogol bird ibhekisela ukudada amadada, ubude bawo bomzimba bufika ku-0.5 m, isisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-1,3 kwabesilisa, nama-0.9 kg kwabesifazane kanye namaphiko okuphakama okungamamitha ayi-0.7-0.8. Kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi inkomba enkulu shintshashintsha kuye ngesizini nesikhathi sendawo. Iduna le nyoni kubhekwa omunye amahle kakhulu umndeni amadada. Ngokungafani nowesifazane, inombala ompunga onaphansi okhanyayo nekhanda elinsundu.
Esithombeni inyoni yeduna neyensikazi Gogol
Isidumbu sakhe embozwe izimpaphe, okuyinto black ngenhla nomhlophe ngezansi, ikhanda lakhe futhi omnyama nge Tint oluhlaza, nge nezihlathi ezincane ezimhlophe kanye umlomo wenyoni abamnyama. Ngokuya ngosayizi nobude boqhwaku, i-gogol iyinhlangano engaphansi kwe-Euro ne-America. Njengoba indawo yokuhlala yakhona ibanzi ngokwanele, leli dada lingabonakala eNyakatho Melika (kubhekwe indawo okwazalelwa kuyo inyoni), eYurophu nase-Asia.
On amazwe waseMelika ingatholakala Alaska, ngisho eduze komngcele waseCanada, futhi Eurasia - empumalanga Switzerland, eScandinavia, eYugoslavia ngisho Sakhalin. Futhi, ngokwesibonelo, emazweni weGreat Britain gogol kuyinto inyoni engandilengoba itholakala kuphela emahlathini aseCaledonia.
Kuyinto inyoni ezifudukayo; ngakho-ke, ubusika, indiza kwizingxenye entshonalanga ngaphezulu noma eningizimu kusuka endaweni yawo esemqoka. Iningi lalezi zindawo yiDenmark, iNetherlands ne-Ireland.
Character kanye yokuphila bird gogol
It izidleke ikakhulu emahlathini coniferous eduze ahlukahlukene amadamu hhayi esijule kakhulu nasemaxhaphozini. Izidleke zazo zisemgodini wezihlahla, ngenxa yalokho lezi zinyoni zibizwa nangokuthi "iziziba". Ngaphezu kwalokho, la madada awenzi amakhaya awo ukuthi atholakale nje engenalutho.
I ethandwa kakhulu phakathi amadada kuthiwa ezimele izihlahla ukuthi Ziningi isikhala khulula emhlabeni, hhayi yene. Kunezimo zokuphindaphindeka kweziningi zemibhobho ethi "hare" noma izigaxa eziyize, kepha akuvamile kakhulu.
Njengoba lesi sici sivame ukudala ubunzima ekutholeni indawo esidlekelwa kuyo, lezi zinyoni zinolaka ngokwendalo futhi zingahlasela umhlukumezi wensimu okuhlalwa kuyo.
Imvelaphi olwenzeka endaweni
Izinyoni zalolu hlobo lokufuya zivamile emahlathini aqobayo futhi anokukhanya okuhlala enyakatho yomhlaba, zihlala emanzini acwengekileyo amachibi, amachibi kanye nemifula yeNyakatho Melika (okuthathwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yalokhu kuzalaniswa), eCanada, enyakatho yeRussia, naseScandinavia nasezifundeni zeBaltic. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, badinga izihlahla ezinkulu, eziqinile zokuthola izidleke eduze namachibi nemifula. Esikhathini nobusika bakhetha onqenqema phezu kolwandle, e engajulile, ivikelwe kahle kusuka amatheku umoya amanzi ice-free, kodwa futhi ku emifuleni nasemachibini amaningi.
Indlela yokuphila nesikhathi sayo
I-duck gogol iyabhekwa inyoni ezifudukayo, njengoba iningi labantu lindizela ezifundeni eziseningizimu ukuyodla ubusika, futhi emazweni athile kuphela ase-Europe amadada ahola indlela yokuphila enhle. Izinyoni ziyahamba imihlambi emincane yabantu abangu-15- 20, kanti ukufuduka kwenzeka ikakhulu ebusuku nasekuseni.
Isikhathi ukuthuthelwa amadada we Gogol iqala maphakathi no-ekwindla (ngasekupheleni kuka September - October), kanye amadada ukubuyela ekuqaleni kuka-February, lapho iqhwa lincibilika lokuqala emifuleni kanye amachibi siyenzeka. Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, abamele lo mfutho bangatholakala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zezindawo zokuhlala.
Ukuze izidleke, izinyoni zikhetha amagatsha abanzi ezihlahla ukuphakama okufika kumamitha ayi-15; zingakwazi nokuhlala emigodini nasemizuzwini yemvelo yama-conifers, oki noma birch, noma emigodini yokufakelwa. Yingakho inyoni abalindi wanika izinyoni elinye igama - Duplenki. Isidleke ngokwaso siyindawo yokuphumula, engaphansi kwayo kungaba ngamapulangwe ezinkuni, amahlamvu noma izinto zokwakha zesidleke esedlule. Ngaphansi ngokuvamile, izinyoni zakha izidleke utshani, izimbobo unogwaja, esikhaleni phakathi rhizomes izihlahla noma izingodo.
I-Clutch imvamisa iqukethe amaqanda ayi-7 000 wombala we-olive-green noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, owesifazana ozibhincayo izinsuku ezingama-30. Kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi izinsikazi ezimbili zibekele amaqanda esidlekeni esisodwa, esimweni lapho inzalo ihloselwe ekufeni, ngoba ihlala ngaphandle kokugadwa kwalezi zinyoni zombili.
Ukuzalwa, amaphuphu zome futhi ngemuva kosuku gxuma liphuma esidlekeni ukuze ukuya kwesigubhu ukuthungatha insikazi. Eminyakeni ethile yamasonto ambalwa, amadada asekwazi ukungena emanzini futhi azitholele ukudla kwawo, yize ekwazi ukundiza kuphela eneminyaka eyi-1.5-2 izinyanga.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwezinyoni siyiminyaka engama-5-7 futhi kuya ngezinto ezahlukahlukene: ithonya lomuntu nezitha zemvelo, izimo zezulu, kanye nezimo zezemvelo ezenzeka emvelweni.
Incazelo kanye Izici
Inyoni kaGogol ingeyamadada wamazinyo asendle ayenziwa ngabasebenza ngama-ornithologists, ifinyelela kubude obungu-46 cm ngesisindo esingu-1,1 kg, izinhlobonhlobo ezincane zinesisindo esingeqi ku-450 g, yize kunezinyoni ngazinye ezinesisindo esingu-2 kg.
On umzimba esiyisigqigqi we Gogol ivelele inhloko esikhulu esingunxantathu enomqhele eziqondile ebukhali uqhwaku okusezingeni eliphezulu, ububanzi ngasesinqeni futhi tapering kuze kufike esihlokweni selinye. Ngasikhathi sinye, intamo ijwayelekile kumadada - angabi mkhulu futhi fushane.
Umbala wamadada wobuntu obuhlukile uhlukile: esikhathini sokukhwelana, abesilisa Gogol izinyoni esitfombeni kubukeka sengathi kunobuhlakani, amapani amnyama asekhanda athola isithambiso sensimbi eluhlaza okotshani, ibala elimhlophe lejamo elijwayelekile eliyindilinga liyavela ngaphansi komlomo. Amehlo abuye ashintshe - i-iris iba ophuzi okhanyayo, umbala woqhwaku umnyama.
Isisu, ezinhlangothini futhi isifuba inyoni abe izimpaphe ezimhlophe, emahlombe ahlotshiswe eluka kushintshana izimpaphe omnyama nomhlophe.Umhlane, njengomsila, umnyama, kepha amaphiko adwetshwe mnyama namnyama. Ama-paws e-orange anezakhi ezimnyama ezinsundu ezisiza inyoni ukuthi ihlale izinyawo zayo ngokuzethemba.
Owesifazane akakhanyi kangako: amapani akhe awanawo umehluko, umzimba wakhe ungwevu onsundu, inhloko nomsundu onsundu enendandatho emhlophe yezimpaphe ivele ngaphandle ngemuva. Izimpiko zezinsikazi nezensikazi zicishe zifane, futhi ehlobo, lapho owesilisa ephelelwa ukukhanya kwamakhasi awo, kuba nzima ukwahlukanisa izinyoni zobulili obuhlukile.
IGogol inyoni engandile noma kunjalo, emvelweni kunezinhlobo ezintathu zalawa madada, ahlukile ngosayizi womzimba:
- ezejwayelekile zitholakala kakhulu ezindaweni zokuhlala zemvelo. Umbala uyaqhathanisa, uhlukile kwabesilisa nabesifazane futhi kuya ngesizini: entwasahlobo, idrake iba liqhakaza, ngaleyo ndlela ihebe idada. Ngemuva kwenkathi yokuzalela, iyancibilika futhi ihlukaniswe kancane kowesifazane. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ososayensi abathile bahlukanisa ama-subspecies amabili we-gogol ejwayelekile - i-American kanye ne-Eurasian, bebheka isisindo nosayizi woqhwaku njengezinto zokuhlukanisa. Kodwa-ke, umehluko onjalo ubhekwa ngokusemthethweni njengethonya lezinto zemvelo, kanye nezinhlobo
- omncane kufana nommeli ojwayelekile wezinhlobo, kodwa kuncane kakhulu ngosayizi. Ngemuva kwabesilisa kumnyama, isisu nezinhlangothi zimhlophe qhwa, izintokazi zimpunga, azifani, zinombala onsundu ngemuva.
- Isi-Icelandic kufana nokwejwayelekile, izinyoni zobulili obuhlukile nobudala ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa azaziwa. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, i-Icelander ishintsha umbala: izimpaphe zepepuru ziyavela ekhanda, futhi ukwakheka kwayo okungxantathu kuhlukaniswa ngisho nebala elimhlophe elinemiphetho eyindilinga. Uqhwaku lwe-orange lube mnyama bese luphenduka onsundu.
Abesilisa bazo zonke izinhlobo zinkulu kunezabesifazane, kanti iphiko lenyoni endala lifinyelela ku-85 cm. IGogol ligcinwa kahle emanzini futhi libhukuda ngokushesha, kepha emhlabeni kuhamba kancane.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
IGogol iyinyoni efudukayo, ikhinyabeza eningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga yendawo esidlekayo, ikhetha ugu lolwandle noma imizimba emikhulu yamanzi. Kepha ngenhlangano yezidleke zamadada, amahlathi e-coniferous ahlala ekhethwa kaningi, kepha angatholakala emasimini anqabayo eYurophu nase-Asia, abantu abancane bahlala eNyakatho Melika.
Ingxenye esenyakatho nentshonalanga yeYurophu isiphenduke indawo yokuphila yokuhlala yabanye abamele izinhlobo. Uhlobo lwenyoni yase-Iceland lutholakala eduze nemifula, amachibi namahlathi ase-Iceland naseGreenland. Abanye abantu batholakala enyakatho-ntshonalanga Melika naseLabrador.
Encane kuhlala ugogo kuphela engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika, ebusika ihamba phakathi ezweni ikakhulu iMexico. Hlala uzungeze izidumbu zamanzi amancane ahlanzekile, gwema izindawo ezivulekile ze-tundra.
Indawo ethanda ukuhlangana kuyo isidleke esidala esihlahleni sesihlahla, ngakho-ke kubantu abavamile i-Gogol ijwayelwa ukubizwa ngokuthi izimbobo, kepha inyoni ayigwemuki ekuxazululeni emiseleni yezilwane. Amadada angahlela izidleke endaweni eziphakeme ngamamitha ayi-15, kepha lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuqeqesha inzalo.
Insikazi ifihla emhlabathini bese isala eduze kwesihlahla, ibiza amantshontsho. Amantshontsho amancane agxumela ngaphandle kwesidleke futhi ahlele emaphikweni, afike embhedeni othambile wezinaliti noma iminyuzi.
UGogol unomlingiswa onolaka futhi uhlasela umuntu osondele esidlekeni. Ngenkathi yokuzalela kwezinyoni, izinyoni zikhuluma phakathi kwazo ngokukhala okukhethekile, okuvame ukuba yiphutha ngokudliwa kwamahabhu.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
- I-iris yegolide yamehlo a-gogol, ahlukeka ngokusobala ngokungafani nesizinda sombala wekhanda, yanika idada igama elijwayelekile le-lacewing ngesiNgisi.
- Eminyakeni yama-80s yekhulu leminyaka edlule, i-gogol yafakwa ohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu ngenxa yenani layo elincane, kodwa inani labantu bakhona belingagcinwanga nje kuphela, kodwa futhi landa ngokuzalaniswa kwezimo ezakhiwe ngobuciko.
- IGogol iyinyoni yamahhala, emapulazini lapho ifafazwa khona, amadada ahlukaniswa kwezinye izinyoni futhi, uma kunokwenzeka, enza i-othomathikhi inqubo yokuzondla nokunakekela zona, ngoba izinyoni azithandi ukungenela komuntu empilweni yazo, isikhathi lapho ukuoshwa kuncishiselwa eminyakeni engama-5-7. Yebo, futhi okuqukethwe kweGogol akunakubizwa ngokuthi kulula - udinga ukufinyelela okungenamkhawulo kwamanzi, amatshe amatshe abushelelezi nesihlabathi se-granular. Amadada wasekhaya anezinhlanzi ezintsha, izinhlobo ezikhethekile ze-buckwheat nama-barley groats, afakwe ngokucophelela emanzini.
- Amadada asanda kuqothuka ayakwazi ukuphuma esidlekeni esisendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-15, alandela umama wawo futhi angalimali nakancane.
- Kwesinye isikhathi iduna lisondele esidlekeni ezinsukwini ezingama-5-8 ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda ngowesifazane, livikela kuphela inzalo yesikhathi esizayo, kepha alizibandakanyi ekuqothulweni futhi alilethi ukudla kwedada.
Gogol Hunt
Imvamisa, ukuzingela amadada amadada kuqala ekwindla futhi kuyaqhubeka kuze kube sentwasahlobo, lapho isikhathi sezidleke siqala ezinyangeni. Kodwa-ke, i-gogol iyingqayizivele: inyama yayo ayinanambitheko futhi inephunga lezinhlanzi, futhi isisindo ngemuva kokuhlwitha lincane kakhulu - kwesinye isikhathi amagremu angama-250-300, ngoba abazingeli abazithandi izinyoni.
Uma kudliwa udayi walezi zinhlobo, isidumbu sesihlanzwa ngokuphelele isikhumba namafutha angaphansi, afakwe emgodini okungenani usuku, bese ekhishwa noma egosiwe ngomlilo - isobho esivela ku-gogol siphenduka singanambitheki futhi sinamafutha kakhulu. Kepha uphansi nezimpaphe zalawa madada zifudumele futhi zithambile, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo, ngakho-ke kukhona abathandi bokudubula i-gogol.
Abesifazane Izinyoni ze-Gogol entwasahlobo Ukuvikelwa ekubulaweni - ukuzingela kuvunyelwe kuphela kumadraki, kepha amadada awenqatshelwa ngisho nokwesabisa, ngoba aqandusela amaqanda, ngakho-ke ukuthuthela ezindaweni zokudlela kufanele kwenziwe ngesibhamu esinqunyelwe.
Esikhathini esiningi, kusetshenziswa amadada okukhohlisa ekuzingeleni i-gogol - adonsela ukunaka kwabesilisa abaphuma emathangeni omhlanga bawele emkhakheni wokubheka abazingeli abasesikebheni esiseduze namanzi asemuva.
KumaSlavs asendulo, i-googly rut yayibhekwa njengohlobo olukhethekile lokudoba - yayiqukethe ukuqoqa ama-fluff namaqanda ezindaweni zokuhlalisa abesifazane. Amaqanda makhulu, avame ukuba nama-yolks amabili futhi afanelekile ukudla, kepha izazi zezempilo azikukhuthazi ukuzidla ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwazo kwekhalori ephezulu.
Idada elihle lokudonsela phansi kohlobo lweGogol belilokhu lithakazelisa odokotela be-ornithologists, ukuziphatha kwalo okungajwayelekile ngokuhlukumezeka maqondana nomakhelwane baso abaseduze kanye nezimpawu zokushintshwa kweplamu kwabesilisa ukuheha abacwaningi.
Esikhathini esithile esidlule, ngenxa yokuthandwa kwezinyoni ezazigxishwe kulolu hlobo, zazisondele kakhulu ekuqothulweni, kodwa-ke, ngemizamo ehlangene yososayensi abavela emazweni e-CIS, kungenzeka ukubuyisela inani labantu baseGogol. EBelarus, ngonyaka we-2016, le duck yathola umklomelo esiqokombeni se- “bird of the Year”, kulo mhlangano kwaqoshwa amatshe futhi kukhunjulwa izinhlamvu zemali zesikhumbuzo ezibonisa i-gogol, futhi ukuzingela kwakhe kwakulinganiselwe.
Izici zezinhlobo nomlando wokuvela
I-duck gogol kukholakala ukuthi iyinyoni edabuka eNyakatho Melika. Kodwa-ke, leli qiniso alinakusungulwa ngokuqinisekile. Into yokuthi ngenxa yezimbali, kungasungulwa ukuthi izinyoni zohlobo lweGogol nazo zazalelwa endaweni kaKievan Rus eyayivele ikhona. Babekhethekile for fluff futhi behlukanisa cishe yonke indawo.
Kakade kuma-80s wekhulu le-XX, i-duck Gogol yaba uhlobo oluyivelakancane ngenxa yenani elincane. Lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo lwalufakwe ku-Red Book. Okwamanje, iqhaza elibalulekile lidlalwe yimisebenzi yabafuyi bezitshalo, abenze umsebenzi omkhulu obhekiswe ekwandiseni inani lezinyoni. Ngenxa yalokhu, namhlanje siyakwazi ukubona amadada weGogol ezindaweni eziningi ezihlala eRussia.
Ngokuqondene nencazelo yangaphandle yenyoni, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ingahlukahluka ngokuya ngezinsizakusebenza zedada. Izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-Gogol zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezi-2 ezincane: i-Eurasian neMelika.
Lezi zindawo ezingaphansi azifani nje kuphela ku-halo yendawo yokuhlala, kodwa nakwezinye izici, ikakhulukazi, ngosayizi: okubhalwe phansi kwaseMelika kukhulu kakhulu kunodlelana naye wase-Yuria.
Ngaphezu kwezimo nendawo yokuhlala, ubukhulu bezinyoni bungabuye bucike kwezinye izinto, ngokwesibonelo, isikhathi sonyaka. Abesifazane nabesilisa nabo bahlukile ngesisindo: eyokuqala incane kakhulu ngokwesisindo. Ngokuvamile, umzimba we-gogol umncane futhi ungaba ngamasentimitha angama-50 ubude (inani eliphansi ngamasentimitha angama-30). Izimpiko zinkulu impela futhi zingathatha amasentimitha angama-90 ubukhulu.
Uma siqhathanisa isisindo semininingwane engaphansi kwe-Eurasian ne-American, singasho izinkomba ezilandelayo: ekwindla, i-Eurasian ayidluli ngamagremu angama-900 esisindo, kuyilapho owaseMelika enesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-1,2.
Ukuma kwekhanda lenyoni yohlobo lwe-gogol kuyinto eyindilinga futhi ekhomba, ngobukhulu bayo kulingana. Intamo ayide kakhulu, futhi uqhwaku lubanzi ngokwanele futhi lufushane. Imvamisa kupende mnyama futhi kube nokuchichima okungajwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlomo uguqa phansi. Imilenze imfushane impela, emilenzeni kukhona izingqimba zesikhumba ezidwetshwe ngemibala ephuzi norenji.
Umuntu angasho kuphela ngombala omangalisayo walezi zinyoni. Ukuzalelwa kwe-Gogol kuhlukaniswa ngemibala yamapayipi angajwayelekile. Lesi sici sivezwa ikakhulukazi phakathi nesikhathi sokukhwelana.
Iqiniso elihehayo: ibinzana owaziwa ngalo ukuthi "ukuhamba uhamba nqunu", osevele waba yi-phraseologism, kwenzeka mayelana nokuziphatha kokudada kwalolu hlobo lokuzalela. Into ekhona ukuthi inyoni inendlela engajwayelekile yokuhamba emhlabeni - idada liphonsa ikhanda emuva bese lihamba kancane futhi lizulazula.
Habitat
Uma siphendukela emithonjeni yomlando, singaphetha ngokuthi okokuqala ngqa izinyoni zohlobo lweGogol, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, zatholakala eNyakatho Melika. Kodwa-ke, kancane kancane bafuduka futhi bandisa indawo yabo yokuhlala. Ngakho-ke, amadada atholakala ezigodini zase-Eshiya, kanye nasezindaweni zamahlathi e-Eurasia.
Ekhuluma ngezibalo, umuntu ngeke aqaphele iqiniso lokuthi ngonyaka ka-2000, ngaphezulu kwamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili wamathathu amadada weGogol aqoshwa e-Eurasia.
Uma sikhuluma ngensimu yezwe lethu, khona-ke inani lezinyoni zohlobo lweGogol lungabonakala ezindaweni ezinjalo:
- Isikhungo Sezwe laseRussia
- Isifunda saseMoscow
- Iziqhingi zaseKuril
- I-Kola peninsula
- ESiberia,
- Kamchatka
Kodwa-ke, la madada awahlali unomphela endaweni eyodwa; kunalokho, izinyoni zithambekele ekufudukeni. Ngenkathi ebandayo, njengenjwayelo, baya eningizimu noma entshonalanga. Ikakhulu, angatholakala ezinhlanzini zamanzi zamazwe anjengeDenmark, iHolland, iGreat Britain, njll.
Isikhathi 'sokuhlala kabusha' okunjalo sivame ukuvela ngo-Agasti-Okthoba, futhi izinyoni zibuyele ezindaweni zazo ezijwayelekile ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Incazelo:
Idada lobumba oluphakathi nendawo olude (ubude bomzimba bufika kumasentimitha angama-46, isisindo cishe ngamakhilogremu ayi-1,1). Ikhanda likhulu, lizungezwe ngoqhwaku olukhulu olumbala onsomi ezansi “ngesicathu”, intamo imfushane futhi mncane. Owesilisa ogqoke ingubo yomshado emhlophe imibala enomnyama emuvath, inhloko emnyama enensimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye namawashi aphuzi. Iphiko ngalinye linesibuko esikhulu esimhlophe esihlukaniswe umucu omhlophe odlulayo. Phakathi komlomo neso ibala elimhlophe elikhulu. Njengawo wonke amadada okuntywila, inokwehla okuphansi emanzini kanye nomsila wehliselwe emanzini.
Empilweni ejwayelekile, i-plumage yedoti yedoti ithathelwa indawo yiplage yombala onsundu njengowesifazane. Amehlo kubantu abadala aphuzi ngokugqamile, kubantu abasha abebala elimnyama. Owesifazane ungwevu unekhanda elinsundu, isisu esimhlophe nekhola ekhanyayo. Endizeni, amaphiko edonsa we-Gogol enza umsindo wokukhala, ohlanzekile futhi onobuhle ukwedlula ezinye izidalwa zamadada.
Igalari: inyoni - i-gogol ejwayelekile (izithombe ezingama-25)
Indawo yokuhlala:
Ihlala echibini lamachibi ajulile nasogwini lwemifula, egcwele izihlahla ezindala noma ama-spens anemigodi ebanzi, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngabantu base-DUPLYANKA. Hhayi ukukhetha! inyoni, lapho ikhetha indawo yokwakha isidleke, ecaleni uma ingakwazi ukuthola umgodi ofanele, ihlala emiseleni yezilwane noma imigodi eyenziwe ngabantu (amakhreyithi - googlyatniki).
Izindlu ezindlini zokwakha, ezilengiswe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3-5 eduze kwamanzi, zingaheha izinyoni ezidlekeni, ezindaweni ezigcinwe emahlathini nasehlathini kanye ukuzinza le nyoni esifundeni.
Ukuzithambisa nokuzalanisa:
Indiza kaGogol ingabizwa ngokuthi iyashesha futhi ibe ne-sonorous. Ngesikhathi sendiza, igcinwa ikakhulu ngababili noma ngamaqembu amancane. Imibhangqwana ithatha ukwakheka ebusika noma entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sendiza izidleke zayo zendabuko. Ukufika ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli endaweni yezidleke, inqubo ehlaba umxhwele yokuzalela iyaqala - owesilisa usemanzini eshaya ngempama amaphiko, asabalalisa umsila wayo, iphonsa ikhanda emuva bese iphonsa ngokuqinile phambili naphezulu, ngenkathi icindezela ngemilenze yayo, ihambisa umzimba phambili, iphakamise isifutho somthombo.
Isidleke kwesinye isikhathi siphakeme kakhulu emgodini wesihlahla. Ngaphansi kwelembu kufakwe ugcwala we-fluff othambile, osuswe kwisifuba sowesifazane nokhuni. I-Clutching iqala ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ukusuka ku-5 kuya ku-12 amaqanda amakhulu anemibala eluhlaza okotshani. Isidleke esisodwa sokuzalela amaqanda singabiwa omama abaningana - gogolushki. Inqubo yokuqunjelwa ihlala izinsuku ezingama-27 kuye kwezingama-30, futhi sekuvele usuku ngemuva kokuba amachwane eqhwakele futhi yomile ngamawunga ayindilinga kanye nomsila, avele ngokungenasibindi esuka emgodini aze ayofika phansi, kwesinye isikhathi ukusuka kumamitha ayi-15 amane nje asakaze amaphiko nezinyawo ezinamanzi. Husky quacking insikazi, indiza izungeze isidleke, iqoqe izinyane layo otshanini bese iyiyisa emanzini.
I-fluff yamachwane imnyama enezindawo ezimhlophe. Izindiza zokuqala zezinkukhu zenza lapho ziphenduka izinyanga ezi-2. Amajezi kaGogol aphansi ahlukahlukene kakhulu - angaba ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu emi-2. Ukuvuthwa kwenyoni kwenzeka ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila ozimele.
Emadodeni, ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yokuzalela futhi izinsikazi seziqale ukugxilisa amaqanda, isikhathi sokuncibilika siqala. NgoJulayi, babuthana emihlambini, kwesinye isikhathi eba ngamakhulu abantu, bafudukele ezindaweni ezifanele ukuncibilika kwesizini.
Ukubhebhetheka:
Indawo yesimanjemanje yendlu yezinyoni itholakala kuyo yonke i-hemisphere esenyakatho ukusuka eNyakatho Melika kuye e-Eurasia. Ebusika bathuthela eningizimu nasentshonalanga yezindawo zabo ezidlekayo. Izindawo eziphambili zobusika zitholakala emachibini osogwini lwe-Atlantic kanye nemifudlana yemifula engasenqenayo ye-Western Europe, ogwini lwaseSweden, eFinland naseDenmark.
I-Nesting eRussia:
Ngomkhawulo we-Russia wedlula umngcele osenyakatho wokusatshalaliswa kwawo, kutholakala i-gogol ejwayelekile enyakatho ye-taiga yaseSiberia kusuka eNhlonhlo yeKola nasenyakatho yesifunda sase-Arkhangelsk - emifuleni ye-Ob neYenisei kanye naseKamchatka uqobo. Ihlala izidleke ezifundeni zaseYaroslavl, Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod (ezindaweni eziphakemeyo zemifula yeVolga, Kama, kanye neWhite). Ukuxinana okukhulu kwezinyoni ngasogwini loLwandle OluseNingizimu lweCaspian, uLwandle Olumnyama, iSouthern Urals, ne-Altai. Ishiya isidleke sendawo ngoSepthemba - Okthoba.
Amaqiniso ayi-9 atholakalayo:
- "Googol ukuhamba" - ngoba imilenze yale nyoni isondele eduze nomsila futhi ihloselwe impilo kuphela emanzini, i-googol yomhlaba ayihambi ngokuhamba komhlaba. Uhudulela phezulu emilenzeni emifushane enewebhu, eveza esifubeni sakhe phambili, ngokuziqhenya ephonsa ikhanda emuva - le ndlela edlalayo yaba yisizathu sokuqhathanisa idada nomuntu ohamba ngokubalulekile.
- Inyoni ingumhlali lapho "inkinga yezindlu" iyinkinga yokuqala, ihlala ibekwa ohlwini "lwezidingo zezindlu". Inani lezinyoni ezidlekayo lingase lehle kakhulu ngenxa yokuwa amahlathi amadala asezikhukhula.
- Ukuze isidleke sithathe imbobo, sikhishwe ngabakwa-Woodpeckers.
- Yonke indawo yedamu isatshalaliswa phakathi kwama-gogol broods wezinsikazi okungenani ama-2-3 esidlekeni endaweni eyi-1 kilometre yobuso bamanzi. Ngokuphathelene nabantu ongabazi, inyoni inolaka, isho umngcele osobala wensimu yayo futhi akuvamile ukuthi yephule. Lapho kuvela elinye ibhangqa nokujaha izimbangi, ukubaphoqa ukuthi "bathuthele" kwezinye izidumbu zamanzi.
- enye yezinhlobo ezingama-27 zamadada okuntywila eRussia.
- I-gogol ejwayelekile akuyona inyoni yokuzingela ngenxa yezimpawu ezimbi zokunambitheka kwenyama, noma kunjalo, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, i-gogolini ethambile nefudumele yaziswa. Okhokho bethu bamaSlav baben uhlobo olukhethekile lomhlaba wokudoba - abesilisa abangama-googolny, ngaphezu kwe-fluff, ama-nogogolitsy agxila izidleke zawo kuwo, aqoqa amaqanda e-nogogolina.
- E-Republic of Belarus gogol ejwayelekile wanikezwa isihloko esithi "bird of 2016". Kulomcimbi kukhishwe imali yesiliva neye-zethusi-yesikhumbuzo, izitembu nezimvilophini ezibonisa inyoni. Ama-Ornithologists aseBelarusian azibekele umgomo wokukhulisa isibalo sezindawo zokudla izidleke futhi, ngokulandelana, inani le-nesting Gogol kanye namadada abalethwe yileli.
- Okudume kakhulu futhi okubhalwe phansi ngabasebenza ngama-ornithologists, ngokwemiphumela ye-banding, iminyaka yokuphila eyi-14,
Igama laseMelika lolu hlobo lwedada yasendle yi "Commonon Goldeneye", elihunyushwe lisuselwa esiNgisini ngokuthi "Golden Eye".
Ungawaheha kanjani amadada weGogol esidlekeni
Ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu, inani lalaba bantu abazalanayo lihlala lincipha, ngakho-ke umbuzo wokuhlomisa imbobo yokufakelwa ukuheha nokuzala izinyoni usuphuthumayo.
Kulula ukwakha indlu, kuyibhokisi kufika ku-60 cm ukuphakama, 25 cm ububanzi. Izindonga kufanele okungenani zibe yi-2 cm ubukhulu kanye nobubanzi be-notch cm 10. Ngaphansi kwebhokisi kufanele kumbozwe ungqimba obukhulu be-sawdust noma amaqabunga. Izimbobo ezinjalo zibizwa nangokuthi gogolyatniki. Ukuze kube nokuxazululwa ngempumelelo kwemigodi, kufanele kufakwe ezihlahleni eziseduzane nedamu elibanzi, futhi izimbobo kufanele zibonakale ngokucacile futhi zibonakale kwizinyoni ezivela emanzini.
Izici zokudla
Ukudla kukaGogol kujwayelekile kuwo wonke amalungu omndeni wamadada. Lezi zinyoni zingabazingeli abahlukahlukene futhi abazingeli; bathola ingxenye enkulu yokudla kwabo kusuka phansi noma kusukela kukholamu yamanzi: kungaba ngama-crustaceans, izinhlanzi ezincane, amasele, ama-leeches, ama-invertebrates, ama-crustaceans kanye nama-mollusks. Amadada angadla nokudla kwezitshalo - imbewu, okusanhlamvu, izimpande, isiqu kanye nokuhlukahluka okuhlukile kwezithelo. Ehlobo, lokhu kudla kusekelwe kwizinambuzane: ama-dragonflies, ama-midges, amabhu, izimbungulu nezimbungulu.
Ngama-phesenti, ukudla kwabo kungokulandelayo:
- Ama-32% angama-crustaceans
- I-28% - izinambuzane zamanzi,
- 10% - ama-mollusks,
- I-30% - okunye ukudla (imifino).
Njengoba i-gogol i-diver yemvelo, isimo esiyinhloko sendawo yakhe yokuhlala ngempumelelo ekuthunjweni kuzoba ubukhona besigodi esibanzi nezihlahla eduze kwaso. Uma kungekho khona okonga imvelo, ama-bandia angafakwa. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukubheka ukuthi azikho ngaphezu kwezintokazi ezintathu ezizalanayo ezingaphila ikhilomitha elilodwa lamanzi, njengoba lezi zinyoni zingabanikazi: banciphisa umngcele wabo, futhi baxosha izivakashi nalabo abancintisana nabo abavela.
Ukuze wenze isidleke, kufanele wakhe ama-gogoliatnik futhi uwaxhanyele ezihlahleni ezikhula zodwa. Ama-Gogoliatniks kufanele abekwe endaweni ephakeme okungenani ngamamitha ayi-4, ngaphandle kwalokho izinyoni zingahlushwa izivakashi ezingamenyiwe futhi ezinelukuluku.
Ibanga lokuya emanzini kufanele libe ngamamitha ayi-10, kepha lingaba ngaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amachwane amancane, asanda kuqashelwa amboza leli banga. Ukuze amaphuphu aphume kalula esidlekeni, ingaphakathi lendlu kufanele libe lolukhuni, hhayi ukuhlelelwa. Futhi, i-letok kufanele ibheke ngaphesheya kwamanzi, futhi umgodi uqobo kufanele unamathelwe esihlahleni ngokuthambekela phambili.
IGogol inezitha eziningi zemvelo, ikakhulukazi i-gogolate encane, eboshwe kuphela futhi ishiye isidleke, izisulu ikakhulu. Zingazingelwa yizinyoni zezinyamazane (imidlwane kanye namaqhude), amabhere nezinye izilwane ezizingelayo.
Ukuzalela abasha
Ukuzalela izilwane ezincane, kubalulekile ukunikela amachwane nokufinyelela kwensikazi endaweni yokugcina eningi, ngoba amachwane athunyelwa emanzini asevele ngosuku lwesibili ngemuva kokuzalwa. Ngemuva kwamaviki amabili, amadada angakwazi ukutshuza ngokugcwele futhi azinikele ngokugcwele ngokudla, ngakho-ke izintokazi azidingi ukunakekelwa. Kodwa-ke, basazithola besengcupheni yokuhlaselwa ngumhlaba nabazungu abanemibala, ngakho-ke badinga ukuvikeleka kubo.
Izici zokunambitha
Njengoba i-gogol idla ikakhulukazi ukudla okukhishwa emanzini, inyama yayo inamamashi, ukunambitheka kwasolwandle nephunga, ukuqeda okufanele kuhlanzwe isidumbu esikhunjeni kususwe amanoni. Ngalesi sizathu, inyama ye-gogol ayithathwa njengegugu phakathi kwabapheki nabazingeli. Kodwa-ke, abanye baphawula ukuthi unambitha we-hepatic.
Ukuze wenze isidlo se-gogol simnandi, kunconywa ukubopha isidumbu kuze kube usuku. Njengesisekelo se-marinade, ungasebenzisa iwayini noma uviniga. Kungcono ukuthosa amadada okugaya, upheke ngesikhafu noma ngesitshulu, kepha akufanele upheke inyama yegigol.
Yini osekuyisikhathi eside yaziswa futhi ihlonishwa yi-gogol
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, amadada alolu hlobo lokuzalela abelokhu ebaluleke kakhulu nge-fluff ethambile futhi efudumele, kanye namaqanda. Ezincwadini zezikhathi zikaKievan Rus, ungathola ubufakazi bokuthi bekunesikhathi esithile sokuqoqwa kwe-googly fluff, okwabizwa nge- "gogolinny rut." Kwakuvunyelwa kuphela abantu abaqeqeshiwe ukuqoqa, bese kuthi ukukhishwa kwe-fluff kudleke izidleke ezilahliwe. Emngceleni wamachibi namachibi kwagcwala umhlaba okwakuthuthukiswa kuwo izinyoni. "Ibhizinisi" elinjalo lalithathwa njengebhizinisi elidumile nelinenzuzo.
Lolu hlobo lwamadada lunokungajwayelekile emhlabeni, ngenxa yokuthi kwavela inkulumo ethi "hambani nqunu". Izinyoni ezinezinwele zihamba kusuka ku-paw kuya ku-paw, esifubeni esivikela, zihamba kancane futhi zibalulekile.
Ama-gogols ayizinyoni ezikhanyayo nezingajwayelekile ezingakwazi ukuhlala eduze komuntu ngokungenelela okuncane kokugcina empilweni yenyoni. Sihlolisise imininingwane yezinhlobo, ikakhulukazi okuqukethwe nokuzala, kanye nenani lamadada wohlobo lweGogol.