Amaxoxo ezihlahla awasatholakali njengezilwane ezifuywayo, yize izakhamizi zaseningizimu yeRussia namanye, amazwe afudumele anethuba lokuzindla ngendalo. Amaxoxo esihlahla, angamaxoxo esihlahla, ama-arboreals, noma amasele esihlahla, ahlukile kumaxoxo asehlathini laseRussia ajwayelekile emandleni awo amakhulu okukhuphuka kunoma iyiphi indawo, ngisho nasengilazini! Endle, zihlala ezihlahleni, futhi izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane azihambi ngisho nokufika ezweni eligcwele izinyamazane eziyingozi impilo yazo yonke.
Kwethulwa umndeni we-frog wesihlahla
Umndeni wexoxo lesihlahla (i-Hylidae) ufaka izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-650 zamaxoxo ahlala cishe kuyo yonke indawo ngaphandle kokuthi yizifunda ezibandayo kakhulu zeplanethi yethu.
Njengoba izilwane ezifuywayo ze-terrarium zivame ukuqukethe izinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- Amaxoxo esihlahla se-genus Bright-eyed tree (Agalychnis):
- Isele elinesihlahla elibomvu (i-Agalychnis callidryas)
- IGenus Tree Frog (Hyla): I-Blue Frog
- Isele lesihlahla esicwengekile (iHyla gratiosa)
- Isihlahla sexoxo lesihlahla (i-Hyla leucophyllata)
- Ixoxo lesihlahla esiguqukayo (i-Hyla versicolor)
- Amaxoxo weGenus Australia asezihlahleni (iLitoria):
- Ixoxo ngesihlahla esiluhlaza (Litoria caerulea)
- Isele lesihlahla esimhlophe esimile (i-Litoria infrafrenata)
- IGenus Kwakshi West Indies (eCaribbean) (Osteopilus):
- Cogan frog (Osteopilus septentrionalis)
- Isithwathwa somuthi omkhulu weCaribbean (i-Osteopilus hugeus)
- Amaxoxo we-genus Dill-Tree (Phrynohyas):
- Isihlahla sesihlahla (Phrynohyas resinifictrix)
- I-bubble yamasele (Phrynohyas venulosa)
- IGenus Phyllomedusa (Phyllomedusa):
- I-phyllomedusa ye-Orange-legged phyllomedusa (Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis).
Mhlawumbe isele lesihlahla esidume kunazo zonke ixoxo lesihlahla esinamehlo abomvu. Le amphibian egqamile futhi ebukekayo ibonwa njenge yinhle ngitheni ngisho nalabo abavame ukubheka ukuthi amasele ngokuvamile akuyona izidalwa ezikhangayo. Amaxoxo esihlahla anamehlo abomvu ngokubukeka kwawo okungajwayelekile futhi ikakhulukazi umbala omnandi - umhlane oluhlaza, iminwe yewolintshi, izinhlangothi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namehlo abomvu enza ukuthandwa cishe ngumuntu obabona!
I-phylomedus enomlenze we-olintshi ifana kancane neselesi esinamehlo anamehlo abomvu, kepha ayivamile ezindaweni ezinabathandi be-amphibian.
Zombili lezi zinhlobo, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-genera Phyllomedusa ne-Red-eyed Tree frog, zinemibala egqamile kuphela kulezo zindawo ezingafihlwa. Ziyasebenza, njengawo wonke amasele esihlahla, ebusuku, ngakho-ke imibala yazo egqamile ayibonakali kubazingeli. Kepha ntambama, uma isele lesihlahla sikhombisile, isibonelo, imilenze ekhanyayo, lokhu kusebenza njengophawu kumanduleli wobuthi bexoxo. Kepha phakathi nosuku, amasele ezihlahla ahlala alala, kuthi ngokulala “ancamathele” eqabunga bese eligoqa amathe awo ukuze izinhlangothi zawo neminwe ingabonakali, ungabona kuphela okuluhlaza okuluhlaza okuhlangana namahlamvu ngombala. Amehlo akhanyayo avalelwe amakhulu eminyaka futhi futhi awadonseli ukunakwa umhlaseli.
Amaxoxo esihlahla ahlukahluka ngosayizi. Okuncane kakhulu yi-Hyla emrichi, ubude bayo bungama-1.7-1,8 cm kuphela, kuthi iHyla dolichopsis ifinyelele kubude obuyi-12 cm!
Indlela yokuphila yesele
Ngokuvamile amaxoxo ezihlahla angabahlali bamahlathi emvula. E-Russia kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela - i-chura yesihlahla esivamile (i-arborea) ne-Far Eastern Tree frog. Imvamisa zihlala emahlathini, ezihlahleni, amaxoxo esihlahla ngokulandelana ngokuqondile futhi abambelela (ama-“sucking”) discs emilenzeni yazo evumela ukuthi amasele esihlahla akhuphuke phezulu, kufaka nengilazi. Kunemikhumbi eminingi yama-lymphatic kulawa ma-disc, futhi izindlala ze-mucous zitholakala ebusweni. Ukunamathiselwa ezindaweni ezithe mpo futhi kwenzeka ngesikhumba esiswini nasemphinjeni.
Ngokuya ngombala wemvelo, amaxoxo esihlahla, njengamachilo, angashintsha umbala wesikhumba. Ngokuyisisekelo zidwetshwe ngemibala ehlukene eluhlaza, evumela ukuthi balingise imvelo. Kepha, njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, amanye amasele esihlahla anombala ogqamile, isibonelo, i-harlequin (Phrynohyas resinifictrix) (omnyama nomhlophe) ne-clown frog (iHyla versicolor) (nsundu enamabala amhlophe noma aphuzi) nayo iyathakazelisa. .
Akuwona wonke amasele ezihlahla avikela izinyamazane. Isibonelo, i-Tree frog Gesleri (Hyla giesleri) yazifihla njengengulube. I-geographic Tree frog (N. geographica) imasquerade njengeqabunga elomile - icindezelwa enhlabathini, ivala amehlo nesikhumba sayo nombala wayo kuyenza ibukeke njengesihlahla.
Idatha yezwi le-frog yesihlahla ayithakazeli kangako - ayisiyabesilisa kuphela, kodwa futhi ziyizinsikazi zabesifazane, yize kunjalo, ezokuthula kunezabesilisa. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke amasele esihlahla anezinwele. Isibonelo, ukuculwa kwamaxoxo asesihlahleni ase-Australia kufana nohlobo oluthile lokuqhuma, kanti nesele elishayelwa ihlombe elivela eNyakatho Melika liyishaye ikhwela.
Amaxoxo ezihlahla angabazingeli, adla zonke izinto eziphilayo ezingena emilonyeni yawo, kungahle kube uvemvane, iqhude, ikhilikithi, noma kube yiphuphu noma iringi elincanyana. Bangabamba inyamazane ngolimi lwabo, futhi ukudla okukhulu kufakwa emlonyeni ngezihlakala zangaphambili.
I-biology yefriji yesihlahla ihluke kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo i-frog yesihlahla segolide (i-Hyla aurea) ayikhuphuki indawo eqondile, futhi ikhetha ukuhlala emanzini. Isihlahla seCalifornian frog (Nyla californiae) ne-Mexico-based sonor Tree frog (Hyla eximia) nabo bakhetha impilo emanzini. Amanye amaxoxo esihlahleni athanda izikhala ezivulekile emahlathini, njengesihlahla se-pearl (i-Hyla albomarginata), ehlala eSouth America, futhi iyaphawuleka ngezwi layo lokucula elinjengezinyoni nombala othandekayo.
Wonke amasele esihlahla angaphezulu nangaphansi anobuthi. Ngakho-ke, uma ukukhululeka kwezinduna zesikhumba seCuba yesihlahla seCuba kungena emlonyeni noma emehlweni, kubangela umuzwa ovuthayo. Yize, ngokuvamile, kubantu, ubuthi be-frog yesihlahla buyingozi, kepha kusadingeka ukuthi ugeze izandla zakho ngemuva kokukhuluma nabo. Ngale ndlela, amasele ezihlahla awanandaba nokuhlala ezingalweni zawo.
Amaxoxo esihlahleni adinga amanzi okuzalela, yize inani lawo lingasebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi - angavela ngisho nasemthonjeni omncane wamanzi. Futhi, ngokwesibonelo, iselesi sesihlahla saseBrazil (i-Hyla resinifictrix) sifaka isikhumba esingenalutho. Isigaxa sesihlahla sikabhanana (Nyla nebulosa) asibizwa kanjalo ngoba sithanda ukudlela ubhanana; sibeka amaqanda ezinhlamvini ezinamabala emaphethelweni weqabunga lebhanana. Isigaxa sesihlahla se-Geldy (Flectonotus goeldii) sithwala i-caviar emhlane wayo. Amaxoxo esihlahla seMarsupial (genus Gastrotheca), njengoba negama lawo lisho, anesikhwama emhlane lapho athwala khona amaqanda ngaphambi kwe-metamorphosis.
Amaxoxo esihlahla ahlala isikhathi eside, aze afike eminyakeni engamashumi amabili angajabulisa inkosi yawo. Impela, impilo ende, izilwane ezifuywayo zidinga ukuhlinzeka ngezimo ezinhle.
Ukuze ube nempilo enhle, amasele ezihlahla adinga i-tertium ebheke phezulu, enkudlwana nenkungu yomuthi, inkulu kakhulu indawo yokuhlala.
Kwamaxoxo amaningana esihlahla sase-Australia, i-terrarium kufanele okungenani ibe ngamalitha angama-50, kuthi uma kubhekwa, amaxoxo esihlahla esinamehlo abomvu, okungenani amalitha angama-30. I-terrarium kufanele imbozwe ngesembozo sombhalo.
I-coconut fiber noma amathawula wephepha afanelekile njenge-substrate. Futhi isele lesihlahla ligcinwa kangcono ezindaweni zokuphila ezinomhlabathi ovela kwinhlanganisela yenhlabathi nezitshalo eziphilayo. Kulokhu, kunconyelwa ukubeka ungqimba lwamanzi ngaphansi kwethala - amasentimitha angama-4-5, phezu kwawo ungqimba lomhlabathi ongu-7 cm. I-dwarf monstera, ivy, cindapsusa, izinhlobo ezincane ze-aglaoneem, tradescantia, ferns ezincane zingatshalwa kusuka ezitshalweni ku-terarium kuya kumaxoxo wezihlahla. nama-philodendrons. Izitshalo zitshalwa bobabili ezimbizeni futhi ngqo ezingxenyeni zenhlabathi - amasele esihlahla awawaphuli noma awadli.
Emhlabathini, ungafaka ungqimba obukhulu be-moss - sphagnum - amasele esihlahla ayakujabulela ukumba lapho.
Imigodi ihlala ibekwa ku-terrarium - amasele esihlahla azokhwela kuwo.
Ibanga lokushisa likhululekile ezintabeni zezihlahla kungama-23-28 ° C. Isibani se-incandescent sama-wat ezingama-20- 40 sisetshenziselwa ukufudumeza kwasendaweni. Isibani se-Repti-Glo 2.0 fluorescent ngeke sibe sibi kakhulu.
Isichibi siyimfanelo engabalulekanga ethafeni elinamaxoxo wezihlahla. Bachitha iningi ebusuku futhi isikhathi esithile phakathi nosuku. Kuyinto elula ukusebenzisa isitsha se-ceramic njenge-reservoir. Uma ijule kakhulu, ungabeka udrako omncane ezansi, bese uvumela izihlahla ezimbalwa ze-pisti noma esinye isitshalo samanzi ukuba sintanta ebusweni. Amanzi akulo ayaguqulwa nsuku zonke.
I-terrarium nezitshalo ezikuyo kufanele kufafazwe nsuku zonke. Kufanele futhi uchithe inhlabathi njengoba kudingeka ukuze ihlale inomswakama omncane.
Kungcono ukusula ingilazi nsuku zonke, njengoba amasele esihlahla ethanda ukukhuphuka engilazini. Ngaphakathi kwe-terrarium, ingilazi kufanele isulwe kuphela ngensimbi ehlanzekile ngaphandle kwama-detergents, ngaphandle kwalokho amasele esihlahla angaba ubuthi.
Ukudla isele
Udinga ukondla amasele amadala ezihlahla nsuku zonke, abantu abadala zonke ezinye izinsuku noma zonke izinsuku ezimbili - into esemqoka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasele amadala esihlahla awondli kakhulu, futhi amancane awapheli amandla - ukubonakala kwamaxoxo esihlahla kubonakala ngokusobala.
Amakhethini namakhethini amakhulu afanele njengokudla kwamaxoxo esihlahla. Ungondla nge-tweezers, noma ngisho nangeminwe yakho - amasele esihlahla ajwayela ngokushesha ezandleni zawo futhi ngesibindi athathe ukudla kuwo. Ungazondla kusuka ku-feeder, kepha uma ugcina amasele amadala esihlahla, angaxabana ngenxa yokulandelana kokusondela kuyo futhi umuntu angahlala elambile. Kuyajabulisa futhi ukuthi umane ulahla amakheli bukhoma ku-terarium futhi ubuke ukuthi amasele esihlahla azingela kanjani - akhwela phezulu ukuze ahlasele, futhi agxume kakhulu. Akuvamile ukuba baphuthe.
Kanye ngesonto kunconywa ukunikeza izinambuzane ezifafazwe nge-mineral top dress for reptiles and amphibians.
Okuqukethwe okwabiwe
Amaxoxo esihlahla angagcinwa kanye nezinye izilwane, into esemqoka ukuthi anezidingo ezifanayo zokuqukethwe, futhi usayizi awubavumeli ukuthi badle noma bakhubazeke omunye komunye. Ungaziqukatha ngama-dinosaurs anjengama-maboui amakhulu, ama-Anoel amabele amhlophe. Njengoba amasele ezihlahla esebenza ikakhulu ebusuku, kanti ama-anoles asemini, kuyajabulisa njalo ukubuka i-terrarium.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-frog yesihlahla akunzima ikakhulukazi, kuphelele njengesilwane sasekhaya sokuqala. Ukuphela kokuphazamiseka okulindele abanikazi bexoxo lezihlahla “ngamakhonsathi,” ngezikhathi ezithile ahlelwe ngabesilisa. Amaxoxo esihlahla “acula” ngenkuthalo uma kukhona abesilisa abaningana ku-terrarium.
03.05.2015
Ixoxo elijwayelekile (lat. Hyla arborea) - okuwukuphela kommeleli womndeni wamaxoxo (lat. Hylidae), ozinze eYurophu. Ngomkhuba wayo wokuhlala esihlahleni, ubizwa nangokuthi yokhuni. Izinhlobo zingenxa yama-oda we-Tailless Amphibians (Anura) futhi angenye evame kakhulu ezwenikazi laseYurophu.
Ukubhebhetheka
Ngaphezu kweCentral and Southern Europe, igcwele yonke i-Asia Minor. Imvamisa ibonakala emazingeni aphansi eCaucasus nangasogwini loLwandle iCaspian. Ngokuhlala kwayo, isihlahla sesihlahla sikhetha izindawo eziphansi futhi asitholakali ezintabeni ngenhla kwe-1500 m ngaphezu kolwandle.
Ihlala emaphethelweni otshani obunjwe ngamachibi, amadlelo namahlathi anezimila ezakhiwe kahle. Imfuneko yokukhetha indawo yokuhlala yindawo yedamu eliseduze.
Ngenxa yezinkomishi zokubamba ezitholakala kalula, isihlahla sesihlahla singagibela kalula odongeni olude noma esihlahleni somuthi ngisho nangaphezulu kwengilazi. Ama-discs endebe disc agcwele i-lymph, ethambisa ukushaya lapho ifika.
Ukuzala
Amaxoxo esihlahla aqala ukuzala ekuqaleni kukaMashi futhi aphele ngasekupheleni kukaJuni. Ama-Amphibians akhetha imisele emincane eseceleni komgwaqo, imigodi noma imigodi egcwele amanzi.
Endaweni yokuzala, abesilisa bafika kuqala. Zine-resonator enegumbi elilodwa, etholakala umphimbo ngaphansi kolimi uqobo. Ngosizo lwakhe, umgibeli wezinqola wenza imisindo ezwakala kude
nekhilomitha engaphezu kweyodwa. Ehlanjululwe ngokucula okuhle, umlingani ongaba naye uya kuye. Lowo onenhlanhla ugibela emhlane wakhe abambe ngokuqinile okhethiweyo ngemikhonto.
Ukubekwa kweCaviar nokumanyiswa kwayo kwenziwa ekushiseni kwamanzi okungaba ngu-13 ° C. Ukuze uthole i-thermoregulation, abesilisa bangangena emanzini noma ezweni. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda afinyelela ku-2000 ngezingxenye ezincane. Umlingani ngokushesha uqala ukufaka umanyolo we-caviar, bese ecwila ezansi.
Owesifazane ushiya ngokushesha umgodla wokuqala ngemuva kokuphela kokusanhlamvu, bese owesilisa ehlala isikhashana ukuze ancome inzalo ezayo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14 emazingeni okushisa wamanzi angaba ngu-19 ° C, kuvela ama-tadpoles namaqanda anenhlawulo enkulu yenyathi, umsila okhombe ngamehlo futhi amehlo abekwe ezinhlangothini zekhanda.
Kuqala badla i-plankton. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izingane zithatha isikhundla esithe xaxa, futhi, ziphakamisela isizalo sazo ebusweni bamanzi, zimunca ukudla. Ngokuhamba kwezinyanga ezimbili, ama-tadpoles akhula abe ngu-5 cm futhi abhekane ne-metamorphosis.
Ama-amphibians amancane afinyelela ku-1.5 cm ngosayizi aya olwandle. Isele elincane lisenomsila omncane, ozophela maduze. Abesilisa bavuthwa ngokocansi ngemuva konyaka, bese abesifazane bese kuphele iminyaka emibili.
Ukuziphatha
Isikhathi sabo esiningi, ama-hairbwood ahlala emhlabeni. Bacitha usuku endaweni ecashile futhi badla izinambuzane ezindizayo zadlula kubo. Ngokuqala kokuhlwa, isiqu somuthi siqhubeka nokuzingela kwangempela. Uhlala ubusuku phakathi kwamagatsha ezihlahla noma otshanini obukhulu, elindele inyamazane yakhe. Ekhethe isisulu, usondela kuye kancane, bese kulandela ijerk yombani - kanti inyamazane isolimini olunamathele.
Amazinyo amancane omhlathi ongenhla ayakwazi ukunikeza ukubamba okungathenjelwa. Lapho isigwinye i-tidbit, isele liyaqhubeka nokuzingela. Ukubamba inyamazane, ithatha isikhathi eside ngomlomo wayo ovulekile.
Ntambama, u-arbor uyaphumula, uhleli esiqeshini noma ukhetha indawo efanelekile esihlahleni somhlanga. Ihlangana ngokuphelele nesizinda esiseduze. Umbala wayo awuhambisani futhi uhambisana nokukhanya nomswakama, kanye nakuhlelo lokushisa nombala wemvelo.
Umbala ungakhombisa isimo esingokomzwelo sabase-amphibians. Isele lesihlahla esivamile singathola imibala enotshani-eluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi, ophuzi, onsundu ngisho nemibala ye-lilac.
Ngokufika kwamakhaza ekwindla ngesikhathi sokuwa kwamahlamvu, ukhuni luyela phansi. Uqala ukuthungatha indawo yokuhlala ebusika, bese egcwala udoti wamashidi noma ku-moss efudumele, alale. Ngo-Ephreli, abesilisa baqala bavuke, futhi kuphela emva kwezinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili izintokazi ziphuma eHibernation.
Ixoxo lesihlahla
Isifunda se-Brest - konke
Isifunda seGomel - Ngaphandle kwasenyakatho
Isifunda saseGrodno - Ngaphandle kwezifunda zase-Oshmyany naseSmorgon
Isifunda saseMinsk - entshonalanga naseningizimu
Umndeni we-Tree Frogs (Hylidae).
EBelarus, kusatshalaliswa eningizimu nasentshonalanga eseningizimu. Umngcele wobubanzi wedlula cishe umugqa u-Oshmyany-Uzda-Slutsk-Svetlogorsk-Gomel. Enyakatho yalo mngcele, isigaxa somuthi asitholakalanga. I-subspecies eqokiwe uHyla arborea arborea uhlala eBelarus.
Enye yezinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke nezangempela zohlobo lwe-amphibians republic. Ubude bomzimba buyi-3.5-4,5 cm, isisindo singama-3.8-8.2 g. Umzimba umfushane, izitho zinciphile futhi zinde, amathiphu weminwe anwetshwa abe ngama-disc anikezela ukukhuphuka phezulu phezulu. Amadiski asiza ukunamathela emaqabunga, emagatsheni, esiqwini nakwezinye izinto eziphezulu (ngisho nengilazi) ngenxa yokuthi acebile ngezikhala ze-lymph nezindlala ze-mucous. Isidladla siyindilinga, sitholakala ngokuqondile. I-eardrum iyindilinga, incane kunehlo. Isikhumba esingemuva sibushelelezi, futhi engxenyeni yesisu somzimba sibunjiwe. Owesilisa unesikhwama sezwi ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakhe emqaleni wakhe. Abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane.
Umhlane uluhlaza ogqamile, isisu simhlophe qwa. Ingxenye engenhla ihlukaniswa kusukela phansi ngebhande elincane, elinwebekile elimnyama elakha indawo ekule ndawo. Ngaphezulu komucu omnyama kunomngcele omhlophe. Umbala ungahluka (kuya eluhlaza okotshani, onsundu, omnyama ngokuphelele noma ompunga ngensimbi yensimbi) ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa nomswakama lemvelo. Ngokushisa okunciphayo kanye nomswakama okhulayo, izilwane ziba mnyama. Kodwa-ke, ezimeni ezifanayo nezemvelo, amasele esihlahla anemibala ehlukahlukene angatholakala.
Izibungu zinombala ophuzi womnqumo phezulu, ezine-luster yensimbi esiswini. I-Caudal fin wide, ekhombe ekugcineni, i-dorsal crest icishe ibe sezingeni leso. Ezindebeni ezingaphezulu zediski yomlomo imigqa emi-2 yamazinyo, phansi - 3.
Izindawo ezijwayelekile kakhulu zamaxoxo esihlahla eBelarus angamahlathi abanzi futhi axubekile, izihlahlana nezinye izihlahla ezithile. Kutholakala nezindawo zokuhlala - emapaki nasezingadini. Ukusatshalaliswa kwamaxoxo esihlahla kuhlotshaniswa namahlathi amakhulu, akhula ikakhulukazi engxenyeni eseningizimu yeBelarus.Amaxoxo esihlahla esivame kakhulu atholakala ePrasa Pripyat, kanye nasendaweni yezikhukhula yeNeyman. Imvamisa bahlala ezindaweni ezihlala eduze nezikhukhula ze-oki, emahlathini achele, ezindaweni ezigcwele izikhukhula ezigcwele izihlahla, ngasogwini lwemisele yemisele. Ukuqina kwabantu emhlabeni kungafinyelela abantu abangama-40 ukuya ku-125 / ha.
Kulula ukubona isele lesihlahla entwasahlobo (Ephreli-Meyi) ngesikhathi sokuzalela, lapho ligxile emgodini wokufuya. Ehlobo, bachitha isikhathi esiningi ezihlahleni, emithini, noma ezitshalweni ezingama-herbaceous (imvamisa kwi-chythorn), futhi kunzima kakhulu ukubaphawula maqondana nombala wokugabisa womzimba. Lesi yisizathu sokucabanga okuyiphutha mayelana nokutholakala kwezinhlobo zezilwane eBelarus.
Ekucacisweni kwe-Pripyat landscape-hydrological reservation ehlobo (ngoJuni-Julayi), kutholakala abantu abayi-1-2 km nge-1 km yomzila. Entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokuzala kabusha, isixaba sesihlahla kulezi zindawo sikhuphuka amahlandla ayi-10. Ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, ogwini lomgodi wokuvuselela kabusha esifundeni sezikhukhula i-Pripyat esifundeni saseStolin, kwasuka kubantu ababalelwa kwezihlahla ezi-7 kuye kwezingama-28 km nge-1 km yendlela eyaqoshwa (80% yabantu abaneminyaka yobudala).
Lolu hlobo lumelana kakhulu nokoma kunamanye ama-amphibians. Kwisimo esomile, isele ngaphandle kokulimala lilahlekelwa ngu-30% wesisindo salo bese lisibuyisela ngokushesha lapho lisemanzini noma kumhlaba omanzi.
Amaxoxo esihlahla aqala ukuzingela kwawo kakhulu kusihlwa. Ngaphambi kwalapho, "bathola ukugeza" emazweni noma echibini ukuze bavuselele umswakama ovela esikhunjeni, esasetshenziswa kakhulu phakathi nosuku, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esomile. Ukulimala komswakama kushesha kakhulu. Ixoxo lesihlahla aligcini nje ngokugibela izihlahla kahle, kodwa futhi lenza nokuxhuma okude, okusebenzayo kakhulu lapho lizingela izinambuzane ezindizayo. Ama-disc ama-Mucous-gland-rich disc atholakala ezandleni asiza ukunamathela ngamaqabunga, amagatsha neziqu zezihlahla.
Emandleni okubhukuda, awawona aphansi kakhulu kumaxoxo wamanzi, futhi nekhono lokugxuma nokugibela okude kakhulu kunakho konke.
Lapho ubamba izinambuzane, amasele esihlahla, njengamaxoxo, alahla ulimi olunamathele olude abambe isisulu. Uma inyamazana likhulu kakhulu, amasele esihlahla afakwa emlonyeni wakhe ngezihlakala zangaphambili. Ubuningi obukhulu (ama-96%) ekudleni kwamaxoxo esihlahleni buhlanganisa amafomu wezwe, acishe abe ngu-15-20% endiza. Ukudla kufaka ama-invertebrates ahlukahlukene: ama-dipterans (13.9%), izicabucabu (12.4%), amabhungane amaqabunga (9.0%), izimbungulu (7.5%), izintuthwane (7.5%), ama-nutcrackers (7 , 0%) kanye no-weevils (5.5%). Izinambuzane ezindizayo zibamba iqhaza elikhulu ekunakekelweni kwalolu hlobo. Ukudla akuyeki ngesikhathi sokuzalela. I-Cannibalism yaziwa ngama-tadpoles kuphela, kwesinye isikhathi idla i-caviar yohlobo lwayo.
Cishe kukhona izitha ezimbalwa zamaxoxo esihlahla maqondana nendlela yayo yokuphila. Amaxoxo esihlahla kwesinye isikhathi adliwa yiziqu, imichilo, izimpungushe, izinja ze-raccoon kanye nezimbila, nezinyoka.
Amaxoxo esihlahla ahamba ebusika ekuqaleni kwesikhashana. Ekuvukeni kwabesilisa kuqala, bese izinsikazi zishiya kuphela izinsuku ezingama-6-8. EPolesie, kanye nasengxenyeni esentshonalanga yesifunda saseGodno ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zika-Ephreli, emazingeni okushisa angaphezulu kuka-6-8 ° C, asevele etholakala emizimbeni yamanzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, angabonakala ezihlumeni ezindala, imvamisa kakhulu e-chinton ogwini lolwandle lwezidumbu zamanzi. Kakade ngo-Ephreli, ngezinsuku ezifudumele, ikakhulukazi kusihlwa nasebusuku, abesilisa baqala amakhonsathi abo. Imisindo abayenzayo yokubonga i-resonator yangaphakathi ekhule kahle, efakwa ngebhola, inamandla kakhulu, kufana nokwanda kwamadada, kodwa iphimbo eliphakeme. Kweminye imithombo, le misindo ikhonjiswa njengomsindo onesigqi esikhulu esithi "te-te-te." Kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, cishe bonke abesilisa kufakiwe ekwayeni. Imvamisa ziqala kusihlwa (21.00-21.30), kepha entwasahlobo zivame ukuzwakala ntambama, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esishisayo esinamafu.
Amakhonsathi amakhulu ayaqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi, kepha amasele akhulume kuze kube maphakathi noma ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi, kwesinye isikhathi ngemuva kwesikhashana.
KungoMeyi lapho ukuqala kokuzala nokuvuvukala kwenzeka. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphukela ku-12-23 ° C. Abesilisa baye bakhiqiza okumbala kabi ngendlela yoku-browning, kepha bahlanganisa izintokazi, njengobuhlalu, ngaphansi kwezihlakala.
Ukuzalanisa, amasele ezihlahla akhetha amachibi anemifudlana ehlanganiswe ngomhlanga, emithini nasezihlahleni ezifudumele kahle futhi ezijulile eziyi-0.4-0.5 m. Iziqu zendawo zezihlahla zezihlahla zinabesilisa abesilisa abadala abangu-15 - 20 nabesifazane abambalwa, kepha ukwakheka kwabo kuhlala kushintsha. Ingxenye yabesifazane ihlale iphansi kakhulu kunabesilisa futhi isilinganiso sowesilisa / sowesifazane siyehluka kusuka ku-1: 15 kuye ku-1: 5. Lokhu kungalingani kuchazwa yiqiniso lokuthi izintokazi zihlala echibini isikhathi esingadluli izinsuku eziyi-1-2 bese ziyishiya ngemuva kokuhluma. Ubungako obuphakathi emaqenjini okuzalela abantu ngu-3-5 abantu bobabili ubulili ngakunye kwe-10-15 m².
I-Tree frog fecundity incane, amaqanda angama-800-1000 (ama-375 kuya ku-1725), owesifazana azalela amaqanda ama-4-100 amaqanda ngesimo sezinselo ezi-2-6. Ububanzi beqanda bungu-1-1,5 mm, kanye kanye negobolondo engu-4 mm. Imvamisa i-caviar ifakwa emanzini amachibi angajulile, amachibi, eziteshini zokuphinda uhlanganyele ezindlini zokugcina amanzi emaphethelweni. Ukusakazeka kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ebusuku (ngemuva kwamahora angama-23) futhi kuthatha amahora angama-1 kuye kwayi-6 ngebhangqa elilodwa. Amaqanda amaxoxo esihlahleni angafakwa umquba emhlabeni, futhi amaqanda awo angamelana nokoma isikhathi eside futhi angahlala esebenza isikhathi eside ezimeni ezingezinhle. Kunzima ukuqaphela echibini, ngoba lisendaweni engaphansi noma enamathiselwe uhlaza lwasemanzini. Amaxoxo esihlahla ayakwazi ukusebenzisa ukunqwabelana okuncane kwamanzi kuma-axils amaqabunga ezinye izitshalo nasemigodini yokubeka amaqanda. Isimo esiyingqayizivele se-cafe caviar siwukuthi (njengezilwane ezindala) singamelana nokungoma isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke, ukufa kwayo kuvinjelwa uma indawo yokugcina ecishe yomile ibuyiselwa futhi yimvula enkulu.
Izibungu ziyavela ngezinsuku eziyi-10-15. (emazingeni okushisa ayi-16-19 ° C), ubude bawo bungama-5 mm. Imvamisa, ngosuku lwesine ngemuva kokuqokwa, amasele ezihlahla anezitofu eziphuma zangaphandle; azihlanganisi futhi zizonyamalala maduze. Uma amaqanda ebekwa ngqo emhlabathini oswakeme, khona-ke ukuqhekeka kwesibungu sekuvele ngaphandle kwama-gill angaphandle noma ngogesi. Cishe ngosuku lwama-50, imilenze yesibeletho evamile ekhula njalo iyakhula. Ama-tadpoles esihlahla angahle ahlukaniswe kalula ngumsila owakhiwe kahle, owenziwe ngokuqina kwe-oar, obukhali uya ngasekupheleni, umngcele wesikhumba ohamba ngemuva emuva phambili emehlweni. Amehlo abo aguqukele ngokuqinile ohlangothini olulodwa. Ama-Tadpoles asechibini izinsuku ezingaba ngu-60-80 (ngokusho kweminye imithombo, izinsuku ezingama-80-90), futhi ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zika-Agasti kukhona ukuphuma okukhulu kwezingane zonyaka, noma kunjalo amacala obusika besihlahla sexoxo lesihlahla. Izingane zonyaka, ngokungafani nabantu abadala, zikhuthele kakhulu phakathi nosuku futhi zihlala ikakhulukazi otshanini eduze namachibi okuzalela. Ubude bomzimba wabo buyi-15-18 mm (noma 10-14 mm).
Ukuthomba kwenzeka ngonyaka wesithathu noma wesine wokuphila.
Amaxoxo esihlahleni asebenzisa ubusika ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba-Okthoba emigodini, emiseleni, ezakhiweni ezingaphansi kwezimpande kanye nokungcola kwehlathi, ezindaweni ezakhiwe ngotshani zamatshe, emaphaseji, nakuma-cellars. Bangabusika ebusilika ngaphansi kwamachibi.
Amaxoxo esihlahla ajwayele impilo yasekudingisweni; kunezimo lapho engahlali khona kuphela endaweni engaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20, kodwa futhi ezifuywa ekhaya.
1. IPikulik M.M. (bomvu.) / Amanzi omhlaba. I-Pazuny: I-Etsyklapedychny davidnik (ukukhanya kweZhivelny kweBelarus_). Minsk, 1996.240 s.
2. UDrobenkov S. M., Novitsky R. V., Kosova L. V., Ryzhevich K. K. & Pikulik M. M. "The Amphibians of Belarus". USofia - eMoscow, ngo-2005.
3. UPikulik M. M. "ama-Amphibians waseBelarus." Minsk, 1985. -191s.
Incazelo
Ubude bomzimba besilisa bufika ku-5 cm, insikazi bube ku-6 cm. Ikhanda lincane. Ezinhlangothini zakhe kwakubekwe ngamehlo abafundi abanezimbali ezivundlile. Umzimba u-oval, umbala uyashintsha. Umhlane uvame ukuba notshani obuluhlaza, kanti isisu silula.
Imivimbo engu-brown isuka ekhanda iye emilenzeni engemuva. Emhlane, isikhumba esibushelelezi, kanye nasesiswini ngokhahlo olunamashubhu amancane. Iminwe emithathu ebunzini futhi ezinhlanu emilenzeni yangemuva. Yonke iminwe ifakwe izinkomishi zokugunda.
Isikhathi sokuphila sesihlahla esivamile sesihlahla esimweni semvelo cishe siyiminyaka eyi-15.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Umndeni wexoxo lezihlahla unezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-700 zezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40. Zitholakala ikakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNew World, kodwa futhi zikhona eYurophu, e-Australia kanye nase-Asia iningi elingezona ezishisayo. Uhlobo lwe-arboretum luhlanganisa amakhulukhulu ezinhlobo.
Abamele abadumile bafaka ama-barking tree frog (H. gratiosa), i-frog kwesihlahla saseYurophu (H. arborea), ohlu lwawo lufinyelela kulo lonke elase-Asia naseJapan, i-grey Tree frog (H. versicolor), ixoxo lomuthi oluhlaza (H. cinerea), kanye nePacific isele lesihlahla (H. regilla). Amaxoxo esihlahla ayisiqembu esikhulu futhi esihlukahlukene sabakhubazekile. Bavela ukuhola izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuphila.
Ividiyo: Isihlahla Sexoxo
Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunamaqiniso athile athakazelayo ngamaxoxo esihlahla:
- usayizi omncane - amasele amaningi esihlahla mancane kakhulu ukuthi angakwazi ukuhlala kamnandi ezandleni zawo,
- amazinyo - Isele likaGunther sika-marsupial (Gastrotheca guentheri) - okuwukuphela kwesixoxo esinamazinyo emhlathini ophansi,
- ubuthi - ukuthinta okulula kwesikhuhlana se-dart-striped dart (Dendrobates leucomelas) kungaholela ekwehlulekeni kwenhliziyo,
- ukugwinya - njengamanye amaxoxo amaningi, amasele esihlahla asebenzisa amehlo awo ukuzisiza ukuba zigwinye ukudla. Vala amehlo abo aqine, okuphoqelela ukudla phansi emqaleni wabo,
- I-Flying Frog - Inhlwathi yesihlahla saseCosta Rican ezindizayo inemichilo phakathi kweminwe yayo, eyisiza ukuba iwele phakathi kwezihlahla.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Isithombe: Sinjani isele lesihlahla
Amaxoxo esihlahla anobujamo obujwayelekile bexoxo, elinemilenze emide yasemva kwesikhumba nesikhumba esithambile. Enye yezinto ezifakiwe zamaxoxo ezihlahla yizinhlaka zokunamathela ezimise okwama-disc kuma-paws, ezizisiza ukukhwela izihlahla. Amehlo esihlahla esibheke phambili kwesinye isikhathi makhulu kakhulu, abasiza ekuzingeleni inyamazane yabo yangaphakathi, ngokuvamile ebusuku.
Iqiniso elihehayoA: Amaxoxo esihlahla angatholakala ngemibala ehlukahlukene, eminye igqamile, yize iningi lawo liluhlaza, nsundu noma mpunga. Izinhlobo eziningana zingashintsha umbala ukuze uhlangane nesizinda sokufihla. Isibonelo, ixoxo lamaprotheni (i-Hyla squirella), elifana nama-chameleon emandleni alo okushintsha umbala.
Yize amasele ezihlahla ekhula abe ngamasayizi ahlukahlukene, izinhlobo eziningi zincane kakhulu ngoba zithembela ngamaqabunga kanye namagatsha athambile ukuze zilondoloze isisindo sazo. Ukusuka ku-10 kuye ku-14 cm ubude, isixoxo sesihlahla esinezindebe ezimhlophe (iLitoria infrafrenata) esivela e-Australia nase-Oceania siyisihlahla esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Isihlahla esikhulu kunazo zonke e-United States yisicele sesihlahla samaCuba, esingama-3.8 kuya ku-12,7 cm.Amasele amakhulu esihlahla emhlabeni angaphansi kuka-2,5 cm ubude.
Ixoxo lesihlahla esiluhlaza linemikhono emide ephela ngeminwe yama-paws ngendlela yamapuleti anamathela. Isikhumba sabo sibushelelezi emhlane futhi sibucayi ohlangothini lwe-ventral. Banombala oguqukayo: luhlaza okotshwe yi-apula, luhlaza okotshani, ophuzi, ngmpunga, kuya ngezinto ezithile zangaphandle (ukukhanyisela, isilinganisi sokushisa komhlaba). Owesilisa uhlukaniswa kowesifazane yisikhwama sakhe sezwi, esivame ukuba ophuzi, luhlaza okotshani noma onsundu, kuthi ekwindla kube mnyama.
Isele esihlahleni sombala sinesikhumba “esidabukisayo” esiluhlaza, esinsundu noma esimpunga esinamabala amakhulu amnyama emuva. Njengamaxoxo amaningi esihlahla, le nhlobo inamaphakethe amakhulu emilenzeni, efana ncamashi. Unombala omhlophe ngaphansi kwamehlo ngakunye no-orange ophuzi okhanyayo ngaphansi okhalweni.
Imvamisa emaqabunga emvula aseCentral America, isele elinamehlo abomvu linomzimba oluhlaza okhanyayo onemiphetho eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinhlangothini zalo, isaladi elikhanyayo le-orange elinamaphampu anamathela ekugcineni komunwe ngamunye, namehlo abomvu akhanyayo anezingane ezimnyama mpo. Ngaphansi kwaso kunesikhumba esithambile, esithambile, kanti ingemuva likhulu futhi liqinile.
Ihlala kuphi ixoxo yesihlahla?
Isithombe: Isihlahla se-Red-eyed Tree Frog
Amaxoxo esihlahla atholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica, kepha ahlukahlukene kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo ze-hemisphere yasentshonalanga. Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-30 zihlala e-United States, kanti zingaphezu kwama-600 izinhlobo ezitholakala eNingizimu Melika kanye naseMelika Ephakathi. Akumangalisi ukuthi amasele amaningi esihlahla ayindida, okusho ukuthi ahlala ezihlahleni.
Amadivayisi akhethekile, njengezinyawo zezinyawo nama-paws amade, azisiza ukuba zikhuphuke futhi zigxume. Amaxoxo angenasihlahla ahlala echibini nasemachibi noma phakathi kwesembozo somhlabathi omanzi. Amaxoxo ezihlahla eziluhlaza ahlala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, emahlathini nasezigangeni, ezixhaphozini nasezindongeni. Banomkhuba wokuxazulula ezindlini nasezindaweni ezizungezile, ezizungeze izihlambi zamanzi namathangi amanzi.
Amaxoxo anamehlo abomvu ahlala emahlathini ashisayo, lapho atholakala khona emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezintabeni eziseduze, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseduzane nemifula noma amachibi. Amaxoxo esihlahla anamehlo abomvu angabakhweli abahle kakhulu abaneminwe ezinkomishini zabo zokusiza ukubasiza ukuba banamathele ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, lapho bephumula khona usuku lonke. Ungathola futhi ukuthi banamathela kumagatsha neziqu zezihlahla kuyo yonke indawo abahlala kuyo futhi, uma kunesidingo, bangabhukuda abanekhono.
Isigaxa sesihlahla sempunga singatholakala ezinhlotsheni eziningi zemiphakathi yezihlahla nezihlahla eziqoshwe eduze kwamanzi amile. Le nhlobo imvamisa ihlala emahlathini, kepha ihlala futhi ibuye ivakashele izihlahla zezithelo. Isigaxa sesihlahla esimpunga 'siyisihlahla' sangempela: singatholakala ngaphezulu kwezihlahla ezinde kakhulu.
Lamaxoxo awabonakali kakhulu ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa. Lapho zingasebenzi, zifihla emigodini yezihlahla, ngaphansi kwamagxolo, kwizingodo ezibolile, futhi nangaphansi kwamaqabunga nezimpande zezihlahla. Amaxoxo ezimpunga ezihlahlana hibernate ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile kanye nesembozo seqhwa. Amaqanda abo nezibungu zikhula echibini elincane lasehlathini nasezigungwini, ezigodini, emachibini asezihlathini zamaxhaphozi, ezixhaphozini kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zamachibi ahlala njalo noma esikhashana angenawo amasondo abalulekile, kufaka phakathi amachibi abantu abawemba.
Manje uyazi ukuthi kutholakala kuphi isele lesihlahla. Ake sibheke ukuthi kudliwa yini lelixoxo.
Ngabe kudliwa yini amasele esihlahleni?
Isithombe: Isihlahla esivamile
Amaxoxo amaningi esihlahla angamakhambi lapho eyizidudla. Abantu abadala abavikeleki futhi badla ama-invertebrates amancane anjengamabhungane, izimpukane, izintuthwane, amakheli namabhungane. Izinhlobo ezinkulu nazo zidla izilwane ezincane ezincelisayo ezinjengamagundane.
Amaxoxo esihlahla esiluhlaza kwesinye isikhathi ahlala ngaphansi kokukhanyiswa kwangaphandle ebusuku ukubamba izinambuzane ezihehwa ukukhanya, kodwa futhi ziyakwazi ukubamba inyamazane enkulu emhlabathini, kufaka phakathi amagundane. Kuvele nemibiko yamalulwane abamba umnyango wesibaya.
Amaxoxo amadala esihlahla somuntu ogugile adla kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezinambuzane nezibungu zazo. Imikhaza, izicabucabu, izintwala, iminenke kanye nama-slgs yizisulu zazo ezivamile. Ngezinye izikhathi bangadla namaxoxo amancane, kufaka phakathi amanye amasele esihlahla. Zihlala ebusuku futhi zizingela emahlathini angaphansi kwamahlathi ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni. Njengoba beyimidlwane, badla i-algae ne-organic detritus etholakala emanzini.
Amaxoxo anamehlo abomvu ama-carnivores adla ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Umbala oluhlaza okotshani besihlahla esinamehlo abomvu uvumela ukuthi ihlale ifihliwe phakathi kwamaqabunga ezihlahla, ilinde ukubonakala kwezinambuzane noma amanye ama-invertebrates amancane. Amaxoxo esihlahla anamehlo abomvu adla noma yisiphi isilwane esifanelana nomlomo wawo, kepha ukudla kwawo okujwayelekile kunamakhethini, amabhu, izimpukane, izintethe, kwesinye isikhathi namaxoxo amancane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Isihlahla sexoxo
Amaxoxo amaningi esihlahla sowesilisa ayindawo, futhi avikele indawo yawo ngokukhala okukhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo ziphinde zivikele insimu yazo ngokuhlwitha uhlaza oluqukethe ezinye izinsikazi. Amaxoxo ezihlahla ezimpunga - ukubukwa ebusuku. Zingasebenzi ezigodini zezihlahla, ngaphansi kwamagxolo, kwizingodo ezibolile, ngaphansi kwamaqabunga nangaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla. Ebusuku, zibheka izinambuzane ezihlahleni, lapho zingakhuphuka zibheke phezulu noma zihambeke ngokuqondile zisebenzisa imicamelo eguqulwe ngokukhethekile ngezinyawo zazo.
Kusetshenziselwa iso lamacembe esihlahla anamehlo abomvu ukukhombisa ukwesaba, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuzikhethela. Emini, isele liyazifihla, licindezela umzimba wayo phansi kweqabunga ukuze kubonakale umhlane walo oluhlaza kuphela obonakalayo. Uma isele liphazamisekile, libonakala ngamehlo abomvu futhi libonisa izinhlangothi nemilenze yaso enemibala.Umbala ungamangaza inyamazane isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuba ixoxo libaleke. Ngenkathi ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ezishisayo zinobuthi, ukufihliza kanye ne-funk kungukuphela kokuzivikela kwesiqalo somuthi obomvu.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Amaxoxo esihlahla anamehlo abomvu asebenzisa ukudlidliza ukuxhumana. Abesilisa bayathuthumela futhi banikine amaqabunga ukumaka insimu nokuheha izintokazi.
Amaxoxo we-Green Tree anamahloni, futhi iningi lawo alibekezeleli uma liphathwa kahle (yize ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi ekudingisweni abanye bayokhula bakwamukele lokhu). Kwamaxoxo amaningi, ukujikeleza kwegazi kubenza babe nengcindezi, okungathinta impilo yabo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Isiyaluyalu sesihlahla sobuthi
Ukuzala kwamaxoxo aluhlaza wesihlahla kuqala ngemuva kobusika futhi kuphela ngoJulayi; inani eliphakeme lenzeka maphakathi no-Ephreli naphakathi no-Meyi. Izindawo zokuzalela zingamachibi amancane anezimila ezakhiwe kahle, lapho amasele amadala ebuyela khona ngemuva kokufuduka aze afike ku-3-4 km ubude. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ebusuku. Okuwukuphela kwe-clutch (ukusuka emaqanda angama-800 kuye kwangama-1000) kwenziwa ngamaqoqo amancane alengiswe kusekela elingaphansi (isitshalo noma isihlahla). Ama-Tadpole metamorphoses avela ezinyangeni ezintathu kamuva. Amaxoxo amancane aqala ukushiya amanzi, noma ngabe ukuqunjelwa kwemisila yawo kungakapheli.
Amaxoxo ezihlahla ezimpunga azalela ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kanye ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Bona, njengezinye izinhlobo zamasele, babekezelela amazinga okushisa amabi. Emini, la maxoxo asala ezihlahleni ezungeze ichibi. Kusihlwa, abesilisa bashayela izihlahla nezihlahlana, kodwa bangene echibini ngemuva kokuthola umlingani. Izinsikazi zigcina amaqanda afinyelela ku-2000 ngamaqoqo amancane wezingcezu eziyi-10 kuye kwezingama-40, ezinamathiselwe emifino. Amaqanda aqanduselwa kungakapheli izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa, futhi aphenduka izimbumbulu ezinsukwini ezingama-40-60 ngemuva kokuqokwa.
Isele lesihlahla esinamehlo abomvu sizala ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Mashi. Abesilisa bazama ukuheha abantu besifazane “ngokunhlanhlatha” kwabo. Lapho nje zithola insikazi yazo, zilwa namanye amaxoxo ukuze zikwazi ukubamba emilenzeni yangemuva yesifazane. Owesifazane uyobe eseqala ukuklebelana ngaphansi kweqabunga, kanti ezinye izinsikazi zizozama ukugoba kuye. Owesifazane unesibopho sokugcina isisindo sawo wonke amaxoxo, kufaka nalelo elinamathiselwe kuye ngenkathi belwa.
Ngemuva kwalokho bahlanganyela enqubweni ebizwa ngokuthi yi-amplexus, lapho umbhangqwana oshadile ulengiswa khona phansi ngaphansi kongqimba lwamanzi. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda engaphansi kweqabunga, bese owesilisa ebafaka. Imvamisa insikazi iba manzi futhi iwele nomlingani wayo echibini. Ukusuka kuleli phuzu, owesilisa kufanele abambelele kuye, ngaphandle kwalokho angahle alahlekelwe ngenxa yesinye isele.
Lapho nje amaqanda eqandeka, amachaphaza awela emanzini, lapho aphenduka khona abe amasele. Imvamisa tadpoles ayiphili ngenxa yezilwane ezihlaselayo ezahlukahlukene ezitholakala emanzini. Lezo ezisindayo zikhula futhi ziphenduke zibe amasele esihlahla ngamehlo abomvu. Lapho sebevele baba ngamasele, bathuthela ezihlahleni namanye amasele ezihlahla ezinamehlo abomvu, lapho bayohlala khona impilo yabo yonke.
Izitha zesele zemvelo
Photo: Isihlahla frog ngokwemvelo
Amaxoxo esihlahla aphumelela kahle, yize kukhona ukucindezela okuqinile okuvela ezilwaneni ezifana:
Izinyoka zibaluleke kakhulu ezidla izihlahla. Ngokuvamile bafuna inyamazane besebenzisa izibonakaliso zamakhemikhali kunokusebenzisa ezibonakalayo, benqabela ukuvikeleka okufihlakele okwenziwa ngamaxoxo amaningi ezihlahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoka eziningi zingabagibeli abanolwazi abangakhuphuka izihlahla njengamaxoxo esihlahla. Izinyoka zamagundane wentsha (i-Pantherophis sp.) Nama-boas esihlahla (iCorallus sp.) Aphakathi kwezinhlobo ezidla kakhulu amasele.
Ama-Otter, ama-raccoon nama-squirrel adla kumaxoxo esihlahleni. Umbono oqinile nezidlakudla zalezi zilwane ezincelisayo zisiza ukuthola nokulawula inyamazane yabaphilayo. Kwesinye isikhathi amaxoxo abanjwa ezihlahleni, kepha esikhathini esiningi ayabanjwa lapho ethuthela ezindaweni zokuzalela nokuphikisana nalokho. Okungenani inhlobo eyodwa ye-bat yandulela ukubonakala kwamaxoxo, okwazi ukwahlukanisa izinhlobo ezidliwayo nezinhlobo ezinobuthi ngocingo olulodwa kuphela.
Izinyoni zivame ukuba namehlo amahle kakhulu futhi ziyakwazi ukuthola ngisho namaxoxo esihlahla angenasici amahle kakhulu. Ama-jay aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (uCyanocitta cristata), izikhova (iStrix sp.) Nama-red Hawks (ama-Buteo lineatus) ayizilwane ezihlala zidla amaxoxo esihlahleni.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi amaxoxo amaningi, kufaka phakathi amasele esihlahla, asebenzisa ingxenye yokuqala yempilo yawo emanzini ngesimo seminyanya. Ngalesi sikhathi, amanye ama-amphibians, izinambuzane, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, adla izinhlanzi kuzo. Amaxoxo amaningi esihlahla, njengamaxoxo grey kwesihlahla (iHyla versicolor), agwema ukubonwa kwenhlanzi ngamazinyane awo ngokubeka amaqanda awo kuphela emanzini ngaphandle kwenhlanzi, njengezimbumbulu zesikhashana. Amanye amasele, njengamaxoxo esihlahla esiluhlaza (iHyla cinerea), amelana nengcindezi yezinhlanzi ngezizathu ezingaqondakali ngokuphelele.
Izinyamazane zezihlahla ezinamehlo anamehlo abomvu zivame ukuba amalulwane, izinyoka, izinyoni, izikhova, ama-tarantulas kanye nama-alligator amancane. Amaxoxo esihlahla asebenzisa imibala yawo egqamile njengendlela yokuzivikela ukukhahlameza izilwane ezizingelayo (imibala ezesabekayo). Ngenkathi izilwane ezidla ezinye zisebenzisa amehlo abo ekuzingeleni, lapho nje amehlo abo ewela inyamazane, zivame ukushaywa imibala egqamile, ngoba, lapho kwakuhlala khona isihlahla samehlo anamehlo abomvu, kusala “isithombe somoya” waso kuphela.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Amaxoxo amaningi esihlahla anezitho ezinemibala ekhanyayo (eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ephuzi, ebomvu) yomzimba, njengama-paws noma amehlo. Uma besatshiswa umhlaseli, ngokuzumayo babheke lezi zindawo ezinemibala ukuze bamesabise, okuvumela ixoxo ukuba liphume.
Isimo sabantu nenhlobo yezinhlobo
Isithombe: Sinjani isele lesihlahla
Amaxoxo ezihlahla, amelelwa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-700 emhlabeni wonke, ahlala engxenyeni enkulu yeNyakatho, Ephakathi naseNingizimu Melika, kanye nase-Australia naseNew Guinea. Ngokomlando, amasele bekulokhu kuyinkomba yezinhlobo, ubufakazi bempilo yezemvelo kanye nokuba sengozini kwayo okungenzeka. Akumangazi ukuthi inani labantu be-amphibian emhlabeni lehlile kule minyaka yamuva.
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi izici ezisongelayo zamaxoxo obomvu anesihlahla zifaka ukungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali kusuka ekusebenziseni izibulala-zinambuzane, imvula ye-acid kanye nomanyolo, ukubukeka kwabadli basemzini kanye nokwanda kokuchayeka emisebeni ye-ultraviolet ngenxa yokuwenza buthaka ungqimba lwe-ozone, olungalimaza amaqanda abuthaka. Yize isihlahlana somuthi obomvu singekho engcupheni, ikhaya lakhe emahlathini emvula lisengozini njalo.
Ukushisa komhlaba wonke, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nesimo sezulu, ukudonswa kwamanzi omanzi nokungcoliswa komhlaba kuholele ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwenani lamaxoxo anamehlo anamehlo abomvu emahlathini ashisayo aseMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu.
Isibalo sabantu abaluhlaza, njengamaxoxo amaningi, sehlile futhi muva nje. Le nhlobo ihlala isikhathi eside futhi ingaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Ngenxa yalokhu kuphila isikhathi eside, ukwehla kwenani labantu sekuyiminyaka eminingi kungaziwa. Abantu abadala basabonakala futhi bezwe njalo, kepha kukhona amasele amancane ambalwa.
Ukugada isihlahla
Isithombe: I-Red Book Frog
Izenzo ezinkulu zokuthuthukisa isimo sokulondolozwa kwamaxoxo wezihlahla kuhloswe ngazo ukugcina nokukhuthaza umphakathi obalulekile, ophila isikhathi eside kusuka phakathi kuya kokukhulu enkingeni yezindawo ezivulekile z solarvoirs noma lapho kulondolozwa khona amadamu aphakathi nendawo amakhulu anezitshalo ezinkulu zasemanzini nezindawo ezinwebekile. Amanzi kufanele enze ngcono njengoba kunesidingo, ngokwesibonelo, ngokulawula izinsiza zamanzi ngezikhathi ezithile, ukusika umgwaqo noma ukukhipha nokunciphisa izinhlanzi izinhlanzi noma ukuqinisekisa ukwanda kwezinhlanzi okubanzi kakhulu.
Ukwenza ngcono ukulingana kwamanzi kufanele futhi kuhloswe ukuqinisa izinga lamanzi aphansi komhlaba ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi nezindawo eziphansi, kanye nokunakekela nokukhulisa izindawo eziphansi ezinamandla kanye namaxhaphozi amakhulu, kanye nokwakha izindawo ezibuyela emuva emibhedeni yemifula. Yonke indawo yama-frog esihlahla minyaka yonke akufanele ihambisane noma ihambisane nemigwaqo ephithizelayo.
Endaweni efanelekile lapho kutholakala khona amasele ezihlahla, amachibi okufakelwa angambiwa ukuze kunikezwe enye indawo yokuzalela. Yize amachibi okwenziwa angahlinzeka ngendawo yokuhlala eyengeziwe, akufanele athathwe njengokubuyiselwa kwamachibi emvelo akhona. Ukulondolozwa kweHititat kufanele kube yinto ephezulu kakhulu yokulondolozwa kwezinkungu zezihlahla.
Ixoxo lesihlahla - Lokhu kungumbono omncane oqhamukayo wexoxo elichitha impilo yalo ezihlahleni. Amaxoxo esihlahla sangempela ahlala emahlathini nasehlathini ezindaweni ezifudumele emhlabeni jikelele. Yize amasele ezihlahla ekhula abe ngamasayizi ahlukahlukene, izinhlobo eziningi zincane kakhulu ngoba zithembela ngamaqabunga kanye namagatsha athambile ukuze zilondoloze isisindo sazo.