Isikhunta sinezintambo, Uhlanga luba yimichilo,

Ibhungane lembabala

IColeoptera (Amabhungane) - IColeoptera

Isinkwa Esinemigqa Yesinkwa - Isidakamizwa esidlangile sezitshalo nezinhlamvu zasendle. Izitshalo zokudla eziphambili: ukolweni, i-rye, ibhali, utshani bukakolweni, igridi yamabele, umpheki, amabele, ummbila, i-oats, i-chumiza, kaolin. Ilimaza izithombo zikaMagaleb Cherry. Kukhona umsoco kuma-beets nezitshalo ezibethelwe, ezingenawo umlingiswa omningi. Ukuzala kabusha izilimi ezimbili. Ukuthuthuka kuqediwe. Beetles overwinter. Ngenkathi yokukhula, isizukulwane esisodwa siyakhula.

Chofoza esithombeni ukwandisa

Izintandokazi t (o C)+ 17 – +20 Izizukulwane ngonyaka1 Iqanda (mm)0,5 I-Larva (mm)3,5 I-Imago (mm)1,2 – 2 Umkhawulo wobunzima25 - 65 g. ku-1m 2

I-Morphology

I-Imago. Beetle 1.2 - 2 mm ubude, 0.6 - 0.8 mm ububanzi, okusaqanda - oblong, i-convex, isichazi sesivele si-elytra. Umbala ikakhulu umnyama, inhloko kanye ne-pronotum nge-tint eblue noma eluhlaza okotshani. Ku-elytra ngayinye, umucu omude ophuzi.

Ikhanda embozwe amachashazi amahle kune-expression. Imivimbo ephuzi ye-elytra enezinhlaka ezibukhali, ezansi ayigoqiwe ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle. Umngcele we-suture unqunyelwe kusuka ngaphandle ngumugqa wesihlanu wamachashazi. Amatshe nemilenze imnyama, amadolo aphuzi.

Izingxenye ezine zokuqala ze-antennae zibomvu-ziphuzi. I-Elytra icwebezelwe, imbozwe imigqa yamachashazi engenakubalwa.

I-dimorphism yezocansi

Abantu bobungqingili bahlukile ekwakhekeni kwezitho zangasese. Izici zesibili zocansi ziyefana nezabo bonke abameleli bomndeni wamaqhude amaqabunga (Chrysomelidae).

Iqanda ophuzi okuphuzile, ubude obungama-0.5 mm.

ULerva mhlophe, cylindrical ngesimo. IScleritis ayibonakali, ngaphandle kwengxenye yokugcina yesisu. It is sclerotized kakhulu futhi iqhuba inqubo spiky. Izibungu zi-3.5 mm ubude.

I-Phenology of development (ngezinsuku)

UkuguqulaKugcwele Umjikelezo ogcweleUnyaka owodwa

Intuthuko

I-Imago ukweqa ngokweqile emabhande amahlathi, ama-gully, izigodi, amahlathi angaphezulu komhlaba ongaphansi nangaphansi kwemfucumfucu yezitshalo. Izindawo zobusika zigxilisiwe emingceleni ngamasimu. Zivuka ekuseni entwasahlobo futhi lapho izinga lokushisa lingu-+ 8 ° C - + 10 ° C lindizela emasimini. Kuqala, izilimo zasebusika nezinhlamvu zasendle ziyahlalwa. Ngemuva kwalokho andizela ezitshalweni zezitshalo zasentwasahlobo. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ukolweni, ibhali kanye nommbila, okumbala kakhulu oku-oats.

Isikhathi sokuhlanganisa kubonwe ekushiseni komoya + 17 ° C - + 20 ° C. Lesi yisikhathi somsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu wamabhungane. Ngalesi sikhathi, bondla futhi banda. Izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda enhlabathini ukuze ziqhume ku-1 kuya ku-3 cm.

Iqanda. Isikhathi sokukhula kombungu sincike esimweni sezulu.

ULerva kukhonjiswe futhi kwakhula enhlabathini. Ziququda izimpande ezincane, kepha azibangeli monakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni.

Idoli. I-larvae pupate emigqonyeni yobumba, ezindaweni zokudla. UPupa ukhula cishe amasonto amabili.

I-Imago baphume nge-pupae engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo. Inani lezimbungulu ezincane landa ngokushesha. Ngalesi sikhathi, badla amaqabunga ezinhlamvu ezinhlobonhlobo, alimaza ummbila. Ngemuva kokuvuna, amabhungane amadala andizela ezindaweni zobusika.

Izici Zokuthuthuka. Phakathi nonyaka, isizukulwane esisodwa siyakhula.

Izinhlobo zezomvelo eziseduze

Ku-morphology (ukubukeka), umuntu omdala useduze nezinhlobo ezichaziwe zePhyllotreta schreineri. Kuhlukaniswa ubukhona bamachashazi aminyene asenkingeni ekhanda naku-expressionotum, nakukhanya okuqinile, okuluhlaza okotshani nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imivimbo ephuzi ye-elytra ibanzi futhi igoba ngaphakathi ngasisekelo, futhi ngaphandle kwamahlombe asondela emaphethelweni e-lateral. Izinhlaka zamaqembu azishintshi, kancane kancane ziba mnyama. I-Tibiae ne-tarsi kuvame ophuzi ngokuphelele.

Ngaphezu kwalolu hlobo, i-Flea enezinyawo ezikhanyayo (Phyllotreta nemorum) ihlala itholakala, okubuye kufane nakuma-morphology kubantu abadala abane-Bread-striped flea (Phyllotreta vittula).

Ukuhlukaniswa

Ngokwendawo yokuhlukaniswa kwezilwane, amakhekhe esinkwa angokulandelana kweColeoptera, noma iBeetles, umndeni wamabhungane amaqabunga, i-genus Chaetocnema.

Isihlobo esiseduze sefishi yezinkwa singenye inkathazo yezilimo eziyizigaxa - isifutho sefreyimu. Ungumzala we-heroine yethu, futhi ungowe-geny Phyllotreta. Njengoba igama lisho, flea fleem ikakhulukazi ilimaza iziqu zezitshalo, kanti isinkwa isitshulu sikhethekile ngamaqabunga.

Incazelo

Isikhunta sesinkwa sincane ngosayizi, sifinyelela kumamilimitha amabili ubude kanye neshumi kwamamitha ayisishiyagalombili ububanzi, isinambuzane esimnyama esinemivimbo emibili ephuzi emide. Kuleli khwalithi, lesi sinambuzane kwesinye isikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi “flea pain flea”.

I-dimorphism yezocansi kulezi zinambuzane ivezwa ngokuphelele, kepha noma kunjalo, umehluko othile kubamele abobulili obuhlukile ungaqaphela. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kuthinta ukwakheka kwezitho zangasese.

Usizo lwethu! I-dimorphism yocansi isho umehluko obonakalayo ongaphandle phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane.

I-Malware

Isikwele esinemichilo esinezintambo siyindlela yokubulala izinambuzane yasentwasahlobo kanye nebhali. Ummbila nama-oats kulimaza kancane. Izitshalo ezidla izinambuzane zifaka ukolweni, ibhali, i-rye, amabele, ummbila, i-chumizu, i-ryegrass, utshani bukakolweni, umfashini, ibluegrass nezinye izinhlamvu. Akukodwa kulimaza izingulube ezinoshukela, izilimo ezibethelwa emnqamlezweni, i-anise ne-cherry antipka.

Izinambuzane ezindala zilimaza, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo. IBhungane lisonga inyama phezulu esihlahleni. Izindawo ezilimele zibukeka njengemichilo emincane ye-oblong kanye namabala asakazeke kulo lonke iqabunga leqabunga. Kuzithombo, abantu abadala baqale balume iziqalo zamaqabunga, bese kuba lonke ipuleti. Ngokulimala okukhulu, izilimo ziba grey-grey.

Ukulimaza izinhlamvu zasentwasahlobo kwenziwa esiteji sokubopha kusuka emhlabathini, futhi lapho kungekho okokufakwa, ingxenye engaphansi yezitshalo ilimele.

Ukulimala kubambezela ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwezitshalo, kunciphisa umkhiqizo wamabele

Isinambuzane esiyingozi kakhulu eminyakeni ngeminyaka yokuqala yesomiso.

Umkhawulo wobunzima bezomnotho kunqunywa esigabeni sesithombo, kumiswa lapho kutholwa izimbungulu ezingama-300 ngemivimbo eyi-100 ngenetha levemvane, noma ngenani eliphakathi kwamabhungane angama-25-65 ngemitha eyodwa yenkambu.

Ukubhebhetheka

Uhla lokusatshalaliswa kogwalo lwezinkwa olunemigqa luyabanzi impela. Ihlanganisa cishe yonke i-Europe, North Africa, Central and East Asia. E-Russian Federation, bug kutholakala kuyo yonke insimu lapho kutshalwa khona izilimo zokusanhlamvu: ukusuka eKaliningrad kuya eNakhodka.

Emvelweni, izimbungulu zihlala emasimini, emasimini nakwezinye izindawo ezicebile okusanhlamvu nezitshalo ezikhula zasendle.

Tshala izitshalo

Okusanhlamvu, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo izilimo, kulimaza izilimo okusanhlamvu. Imvamisa, balimaza ukolweni wasentwasahlobo kanye nebhali, kepha amabhungane awathandi kakhulu ama-oats.

Phezu kwalezi zilimo, am flea wesinkwa esinemigqa adla izitshalo ezinjalo:

• ukolweni
• rye
• amabele
• Chumiz,
• ryegrass
• izitshalo zikakolweni zasendle: utshani bukakolweni, umfekethisi, i-bluegrass.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokungafani nezinambuzane eziningi, kugqiza olunemizila enemichilo, izibungu zenza umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni, kodwa abantu abadala.

AmaBhungane adla azungeze ingxenye engenhla yeqabunga leqabunga, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise isitshalo ingxenye enkulu ye-chlorophyll.

Indlela yokuphila

Amabhabhathane amadala ekwindla awela ubusika emigodini eseceleni komgwaqo, emabhande asehlathini, ezigodini nasezintanjeni ezingekude nokutshala amasimu. Lapho, ngaphansi kwengqimba yamahlamvu, asinda esikhathini esibandayo sonyaka.

Lapho ilanga lasentwasahlobo lifudumeza umoya lize lifinyelele kuma-degree 7 kuya ku-Celsius, amabalengwe wesinkwa emicu aya endizela emasimini ngezitshalo zasendle zokusanhlamvu nasemasimini ahlwanyelwe izilimo zasebusika, lapho-ke, ngemuva kokuqhuma kwentwasahlobo, ukuvuna izitshalo, lapho kuvela khona amaqabunga asanda kuthasa namathenda.

Ekushiseni kwama-degree angu-17-20, amabhungane aqala ukushada. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinsikazi zilele emhlabathini zijule ngamasentimitha angama-1-3 amancane, uhhafu wamamilimitha ubude, zipende ezinombala ophuzi.

Ngokushesha, ngokuya ngesimo sezulu, izibungu ziyaqhamuka emaqanda, ezingalimali ekuhlukaniseni izitshalo. Zidla ezimpandeni ezincane zamabele kanye nokhula. Lapha, engxenyeni engenhla yenhlabathi, izibungu zemidumba. Ngokubukeka, izibungu zifana nesibungu esincane, esiyi-3.5 mm ubude, esinombala ophuzi onamabili amathathu wemilenze nengxenye yokugcina yomzimba egobile.

Engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, kuvela amabalengwe esinkwa esidala avela ku-pupae, okuthi kamuva ahambe ebusika, ngemuva kokuvakashela izithombo zezitshalo zasebusika ekuqaleni.

Ngesizini eyodwa nje, uqeqeba lwezinkwa olunemigqa lunikeza isizukulwane salo mjikelezo waso wokuzala ngokuphelele.

Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane

Mayelana nokulwa nogwada wesinkwa onemigqa, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zomsebenzi:

Izinyathelo zokuqala, ze-agrotechnical, kuhloswe ngazo ukunciphisa ukuheha kanye nokuvikela ukusakazeka kwezinambuzane. Kubandakanya imicimbi efana nalena:

1. Ukubamba isikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo ngangokunokwenzeka. Isikhathi esivumelwayo sizovumela izithombo ukuba zibe yi-coarser encane, okuzonciphisa ukuheha kwabo njengento yokudla yojiki bezinkwa.
2. Ukulawula ukhula ezungeze tikwele zezitshalo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho kubhujiswa izitshalo zikakolweni ezikhula zasendle.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo wamaminerali kuzokonakalisa amazeze kanye nezinto zomhlaba kanye nezibungu.
4. Ngisho nokuhlwanyelela ekujuleni okukhulu kuzovumela izitshalo ukuba zikhule ngokushesha, ngaphambi kwesikhathi sesizukulwane sezinambuzane.
5. Ukutshala kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo zamabele, ikakhulukazi ukolweni, onamaqabunga amade owesifazane.

Izindlela zamakhemikhali zokulawula zifaka ukwelashwa kwezindawo ezitshaliwe ngama-insecticides ezinkomba ezahlukahlukene:

• i-organophosphorus compounds
• ama-pyrethroids
• neonicotinoids.

Umsebenzi onjalo uyanconywa ukuba wenziwe lapho kukhona izimbungulu ezingama-30-50 ngesikwere ngasinye senkundla ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okubukwayo.

Ngeshwa, asikwazanga ukuthola ividiyo emayelana noxhaxha lwezinkwa. Esikhundleni salokho, sikunikeza okubalulekile mayelana nenye inkathazo yezinhlamvu - ibhungane Kuzka, umama wakhe uNikita Khrushchev athembise ukukhombisa amaMelika enkulumweni yakhe eyaziwayo.

Impukane yaseSweden

Ubude bomzimba womuntu osindayo wendiza yaseSweden busuka ku-1.5 baye ku-3 mm, futhi imijikelezo yokuzalanisa engu-2 kuya ku-5 yenzeka phakathi nonyaka. Izibungu zihlala ngaphakathi kwesiqu noma iziqu zesitshalo.

Balimaza ukhipha izingqimba ezinkulu nezisemuva zamabele, kanye namaqabunga nezinhlamvu. Izitshalo ezithintwa impukane yaseSweden ziyafa noma zigxiliwe, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwengxenye yesilimo.

• ukuphathwa kwembewu ngamalungiselelo wokuvikela ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela,
• ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo weNitrogen,
• fafaza izitshalo ngama-insecticides ngesikhathi sokusuka okuningi kwempukane yaseSweden nokubeka amaqanda,
• ukubhoboza izinhlanga, ukulima okujulile kwe-autumnal.

Hessian ukundiza

Izinambuzane ezinamaphiko amabili zomndeni wezinyongo midges. Ifana nomiyane osesimweni somzimba, cishe ngo-2 mm ubude.

Impukane kaHessian - esinye sezilokazane eziphambili zerayisi nokolweni, sithinta ne-barley nezinye utshani bokusanhlamvu. Izibungu zembobo emhlophe ngaphakathi kwamamilimitha ayi-1.5 ubude zondla ngama-juisi weziqu namaqabunga amasha. Izitshalo ezithintwe yi-fly eyomile futhi zinikeze isivuno esincane, okusanhlamvu okuvame ukonakala kufa ngokuphelele.

Izindlela zokulwa nezinambuzane:

• chaffinch lokulima emavikini la-3 ngemuva kokuvunwa nokukhonkotha,
• Ukukhetha kwezinsuku ezinhle zokutshala izilimo zobusika,
• ukutshalwa kukakolweni okuqinile okungathathelwa kalula ukulimala kwezinambuzane,
• ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo we-phosphate.

Ukujikijela kwamasondo

Izibungu ezijijayo ziba endlebeni bese zicasha ngaphansi kweqhwa. Entwasahlobo, ijika ibe ngumuntu omdala, okuthi ngenkathi kusungulwa izindlebe zikakolweni kubeke amaqanda amasha.

Ukolweni ukhipha amaswidi endlebeni bese alimaza. Umsebenzi wesinambuzane uholela ebuthakathakeni bokuzala nokuncipha kwesibalo sawo.

Izindlela zokulawula izinambuzane:

• ngokushesha nje emva kokuvuna, ukutshala izinhlanga nokulima okujulile kwenhlabathi,
• ukujikeleza kokujikeleza kwezitshalo
• ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo we-phosphate,
• ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali.

Isinkwa bug

Izimbungulu zezinkwa zabantu abadala ezidala umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni. Bacekela phansi izitshalo ezifana izinkwa zasentwasahlobo nezasebusika, zidla okusanhlamvu okuncane okuthambile futhi kungqongqoze okunzima ngaphandle kwama-spikelets. Izibungu zilimaza izimpande zesinkwa sentwasahlobo, i-sunflower nommbila, kanye nama-beet ashukela.

1. ukukhonkotha ngemuva kokuvuna,
2. ukulima okujulile ngaphambi kokutshala,
3. ukuvuna ukolweni esigabeni sokuvuthwa,
4. ukusetshenziswa kwama-insecticides.

Imigqa

Lezi zinambuzane ezidla amaqabunga zijabulisa kakhulu. Esidala yisidudu esimnyama ngaphakathi 2mm ubude, isibungu simhlophe, sibumbile, sibude obungama-3 mm.

Izimila zezinkwa eziminyene zidala umonakalo omkhulu cishe kuzo zonke izilimo, ikakhulukazi ibhali yasentwasahlobo kakolweni.

• fafaza imbewu ngama-insecticides ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela,
• ukuhlwanyelwa kokuqala kwezilimo zasentwasahlobo,
• fafaza amasimu ngamakhemikhali.

Isiqu

Ama-larvae angama-oblong, amhlophe, aze afike ku-5 mm ubude, abantu abadala ngamabhungane amnyama ethusi afinyelela ku-2,5 mm ubude.

Izibiliboco ezidla ezihlangeni zezilimozo zikakolweni zidala umonakalo omkhulu, zidale ukufa kwezitshalo. Zidala umonakalo omkhulu izitshalo zikabhiya zasentwasahlobo nekolweni, mancane amathuba wokuthinta ukolweni wasebusika nama-oats.

Izindlela zokubhekana nengquza yesinkwa esiyindilinga:

• ukuhlwanyelwa kokuqala kwezilimo zasentwasahlobo,
• ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo okusheshisa ukukhula kwezitshalo,
• sishaye izitshalo ngama-insecticides,
• ukubhoboza izinhlanga, ukulima okujulile kwenhlabathi ngokushesha nje emva kokuvunwa.

Isinkwa bug

Izimbungulu ziyiqembu lezinambuzane ezivela emndenini wezimbungulu. Balimaza okuphakelayo futhi okusanhlamvu: ubusika kanye nekolweni kwentwasahlobo, kanye ne-rye nebhali. Ngenxa yomsebenzi we-pest, izithombo ziphenduka ziphuzi futhi zomile, okusanhlamvu kulahlekelwa yizimpawu zokudla okunempilo kanye nekhono lokukhula.

Izindlela eziphambili zomzabalazo:

• Ukudalwa kwezimo ezinhle zokukhiqizwa kwezinambuzane ezidla amaqanda (i-microfanurus, telenomus),
• ukusetshenziswa kwama-insecticides,
• ukuvuna esigabeni sokuvuthwa kwe-wax kulandelwa ukukhethwa okusheshayo kwama-roll omisiwe.

Incwajana yezithelo

Umuntu omdala uluvemvane lufika ku-2 cm ubude, lube mpunga ngombala. Amakhethini adla ngamaqabunga ezitshalo adlula ezigabeni eziyisithupha ekukhuleni kwawo, afinyelela kubude obu-1-1.2 cm.

Izibungu zeqabunga lomhlume ezisontekile zigoqa iqabunga lesitshalo endaweni yomgwaqo futhi zidla ngaphakathi kweshubhu elibunjiwe, futhi esigabeni sakamuva sokukhula singena esihlungwini bese silimaza. Ezindaweni zokukhiqizwa kwenqwaba kwamaqabunga, ukushoda okusanhlamvu okuvela ngenxa yokulimala kwezitshalo ngalesi sinambuzane kungafinyelela kuma-15 centers ngehektha ngalinye.

1. ukuthobela imithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo,
2. izindlela zamakhemikhali: ukufafaza ngama-insecticides emaphethelweni aseceleni kwezitshalo amamitha ayi-100-150 ububanzi.

Okuvamile

I-aphid evamile i-herbivore inambuzane encela. Ukudla izijusi zezitshalo, kulimaza amaqabunga, ngenxa yalokho aphenduka aphuzi futhi omile. Ukukhula kwesithelo kunciphisa, ukukhiqiza kuyancipha, ama-aphid wezinhlamvu ngokuvamile afa ngokuphelele.

Izindlela eziphambili zomzabalazo zifaka:

• ukubhoboza izinhlanga, ukulima okujulile kwamasimu ekwindla,
• ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo we-potash ne-phosphorus,
• ukuhlwanyela kusenesikhathi isinkwa sentwasahlobo,
• ukwelashwa kwasendle ngama-insecticides.

Okukhulu

Lesi sinambuzane siphila kuzo zonke izilimo zokudla okusanhlamvu, kuhlala iziqu, amaqabunga nezindlebe. Umzimba ungaba ngu-2,5-3 mm ubude, luhlaza okotshani obomvu. Ifuya ngokushesha: ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, izizukulwane ezintsha zama-aphid zingavela ehlobo elilodwa.

Ama-aphid we-cereal alimaza ubusika kanye nentwasahlobo kakolweni nebhali, kanye ne-rye, oats kanye nommbila.

Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane:

• ukubhoboza izinhlanga nokulima ekwindla,
• ukuhlwanyelwa kokuqala kwezilimo zasentwasahlobo,
• ukusetshenziswa komanyolo okusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo futhi kuzenze zikwazi ukumelana nomonakalo.

U-Opomiza ukolweni

Impukane ngumbala ophuzi, kuze kube ngu-4 mm ubude. Amaqanda hibernate enhlabathini, lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, kuvela izibungu kuzo, eziluma iziqu zezivuno zezithelo zikakolweni, zihamba ngaphakathi kwazo.

Iziphesheli zomonakalo kakolweni ebusika, rye kanye ibhali. Ezitshalweni ezithinteka yi-opomosis, amaqabunga aqala ukoma bese iziqu.

• Ukwelashwa kwembewu ngama-insecticides,
• Ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele sokuhlwanyela.

Ukundiza kwesondo

Lesi sinambuzane siyabonakala. Ubude bomzimba wabantu abadala bufika ku-5 mm, umbala omnyama, izibungu mhlophe, kuze kufike ku-8 mm ubude.

Izibungu ziluma esiqwini, zenze inkambo eyindilinga lapho isiqonda khona. Amahlumela ezitshalo zasentwasahlobo ezithintwa inkathazo ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, njengomthetho, ziyafa ngokuphelele.

Izindlela zokubhekana nempukane kakolweni:

• Ukwelashwa kwembewu yezitshalo zasebusika ezinezinambuzane,
• izinhlanga zikhonkotha ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvuna kanye nokulima okujulile kwenhlabathi,
• fafaza imithende esemuva yezitshalo ngama-insecticides.

Millet umiyane

Izibungu zonyaka wokugcina zinombala onsomi omnyama, owomdala unomzimba omnyama okhanyayo isisu. Njengoba isimo sezulu sivumelana nesikhathi sentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo, izizukulwane ezintathu noma ezine zalesi sinambuzane ziyakwazi ukuvela. Imiyane yomiyane yesizukulwane sokuqala entwasahlobo ibeka amaqanda kukhula, futhi izibungu zikhula kuzo.

Izizukulwane ezimbalwa ezilandelanayo ezivela phakathi nesikhathi sasehlobo ziqhakaza amabele ngesikhathi sezimbali. Lokhu kuholela ekulimaleni okusanhlamvu kwesitshalo (i-voidness).

• Ukulawula ukhula ngama-herbicides,
• ukwelashwa kwe-foci yokuzalela omiyane ngama-insecticides.

U-Elia Nose

Inomzimba ophuzi ngokwebala eli-1 cm; emuva kunephethini lemisho emide nemnyama. Izibungu ezifika ku-7.5 mm ubude, zimbozwe ngemivimbo emnyama. Isizukulwane esisodwa siyakwazi ukuthuthukisa ngonyaka.

I-Elia ibangela ukulimala okukhulu kwezilimo ze-rye, ukolweni, ibhali, i-oats. Izibiliboco zidla kuqala ama-jusi we-stems amasha namaqabunga bese zivuthwa okusanhlamvu. Abadala nabo badla okusanhlamvu. Ezangaphambili zinciphisa ikhwalithi yesitshalo, eyokugcina - inani layo.

1. Ukusetshenziswa kokulinywa kweshini,
2. ukucekelwa phansi kwezibungu nabantu abadala abanezinambuzane,
3. isivuno sokuqala.

Isinambuzane esivame kakhulu sezaqathi inyosi yenyama. Ungabhekana kanjani nalesi sinambuzane, sifunde esihlokweni.

Ama-Delphacid izinambuzane ezincane ezigxumagxuma ezibizwa ngokuthi “izingulube” zidumile. Uzothola ukuthi lezi zinambuzane zidlani ku-https: //stopvreditel.ru/rastenij/selxoz/delfacidy.html.

Isiphazamiso esinekhanda elibukhali

Abadala banesimo somzimba esine-ovoid, ubude bufika ku-1 cm. Izinambuzane zobusika ngaphansi kweqhwa, futhi entwasahlobo zibekela amaqanda azo. Kulezi, izibungu ziyavela, kungakapheli izinyanga ezimbili ziphenduka abadala.

Izibungu zanda ukolweni, ibhali nezinye izitshalo. Futhi, abantu abadala badla okusanhlamvu. Umsebenzi wezinambuzane uholela ekwehleni kwekhwalithi nenani lesitshalo.

Ukulwa nesiphazamiso esinekhanda elibukhali:

• Ukulima izinhlanga nokulima amasimu ngemuva kokuvunwa,
• ukusetshenziswa kwama-insecticides.

Izilimo zezilimo zokusanhlamvu, ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho futhi ezihlala ezindaweni ezinkulu, zidinga ukunakekelwa okunekhono. Ukwazi izindlela zokulawula izinambuzane nokusebenza kwazo okufika ngesikhathi kuzogwema ukulahleka kwekhwalithi nobungako besilimo esingabangelwa yilezinambuzane.

Ukubukeka kwesidwaba sezinkwa

Amabhungane ale zinhlobo ngobude afinyelela ku-1.5-2,5 mm. Faka umbala omnyama nge-sheen eluhlaza okotshani noma ubhedu omnyama. Uphemba wesinkwa onemigqa ube umucu okhanyayo obanzi ophuzi ku-elytra. Kunamaphuzu engxenyeni ye-parietal ekhanda nasemabunzini.

Uquqaba olukhulu lwesinkwa (i-Chaetocnema aridula).

Uphuzi ophuzi, okufika kumamilimitha angama-3.5 ngosayizi. Umzimba wakhe umbozwe izinwele ezinwele. Engxenyeni yokugcina yomzimba kukhona i-spike. Amabafu wesinkwa anezimbambo ezi-3 zemilenze ye-pectoral.

Izinhlobo zezinwele zesinkwa

Izinhlobo ezimbili zamakhehla esinkwa zivamile:

Isiqu sesinkwa sikaza inomzimba we-convex wesimo se-ovoid. Umbala wethusi omnyama nge-tint eluhlaza okotshani, amathanga angaphambili anombala obomvu onsundu. Kukhona amachashazi ekhanda nangaphambili emuva.

I-Wheat stem flea (Chaetocnema hortensis).

Uquqaba lwesinkwa esikhulu - Umbala wethusi omnyama. Ubude bomzimba bungamamilimitha angama-2,5,3. Kunamachashazi amancane ku-pronotum nasebunzini, futhi izikhala phakathi kwazo zikhulu ngokuphindwe kabili kunamachashazi uqobo.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Izindawo zokuhlala ze-Habitat flea

Amabafu wesinkwa asakazwa kabanzi engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, eSiberia naseCentral Asia, eMpumalanga Ekude, eCaucasus naseTranscaucasia. Izinambuzane nezinhlamvu zithintekile eNtshonalanga Yurophu, China, North Africa. Emvelweni, atholakala emasimini anezilimo zokusanhlamvu, izimila nezinye izindawo lapho izinhlobo zasendle zezitshalo zikakolweni zikhula khona. Ukuze ubusika busetshenziswe ubusika, amabafu aphephela emacembe awile emahlathini nasezixhaphozini. Akundiza kude nezindawo zabo zokudla. Izinambuzane zidla izitshalo zokusanhlamvu zobusika. Kepha ngokuvela kwezitshalo zasentwasahlobo izitshalo zokutshala imbewu zisakazeka kakhulu kubo.

Ukubukeka nezinhlobonhlobo zoqhezu lwesinkwa

Igama elifanele lesinambuzane ingulube yesinkwa emthethele, emelelwa izinhlobo ezimbili:

• isiqu - Umbala wethusi omnyama onomzimba we-convex ovoid ubude ukusuka kumamilimitha ayi-1.5 kuye kwayi-2,5,
• enkulu - inobude bomzimba ofinyelela kumamilimitha ayi-3,2.

Phakathi kwabo, lezi zinhlobo zezilokazane azifani nje ngobude bomzimba, kepha futhi nebanga phakathi kwamaphoyinti asebunzini nasemuva. Eqembeni lesisekelo, ibanga phakathi kwamaphoyinti lilingana nosayizi wabo, futhi ngobukhulu bawo cishe buphindwe kabili kunobubanzi bamaphoyinti. Ngaphandle, izinambuzane ziyefana kakhulu. Umzimba ophakeme, othize owendla ngombala omnyama nge-tint eblue or greenish, enemivimbo ephuzi ku-elytra. Isidenge sesinkwa esinezintambo sithande ukudla umoba kwezilimozo zikakolweni, kanti esikhulu sidla amaqabunga. Ngobulili, izinambuzane kunzima ukuhlukanisa, kuphela ukwakheka kwezitho zangasese ezisivumela ukwahlukanisa abamele bobulili obuhlukile kobunye.

Izinambuzane zikhula esizukulwaneni esisodwa. Ngemuva kobusika, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lifudumala kahle, izinsikazi ziqala ukubeka amaqanda ungqimba lomhlaba ongenhla. Izibungu azikwazi ukubangela ukulimala okukhulu kwesitshalo sikakhokho. Zidla ukhula nezimpande zezitshalo ezincane. Noma, lapho bekhula, bathuthela ngeziqu zezitshalo, bemunca ujusi kubo. Kepha, engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, i-pupae, iphenduka ibe ngamabhungane amadala, ihlose amahlumela amancanyana amabele ebusika ngaphambi kokucasha ubusika. Amaqanda amhlophe okweqanda afinyelela osayizi aze afike kwesigamu samamilimitha. Kuzo zivela izibungu ezivele ziphuzi zize zibe ngamamilimitha angama-1-2 ubude, bese ziyimibala emnyama emnyama ekhula ngesikhathi esifushane, iphenduka ibe ngabantu abadala, abantu abasha.

Ukunakwa: isimo sezulu esihle kunazo zonke sokukhula nokusakazeka kwamabhungane ukushisa nesomiso!

Izinyathelo zokulawula izintwala

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokubhekana nengquza yesinkwa:

Izinyathelo ze-Agrotechnical zivumela ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali ukukhipha ubungozi bokusakazeka kwezinambuzane emasimini ahlwanyelwe. Kodwa-ke, uma intwasahlobo yaphenduka yaba yomile futhi isishisa, kanti izinambuzane zazifutha ngale ndlela, khona-ke izindlela zezolimo zodwa zazingenakugwenywa. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kufaka phakathi ukufafaza nge-organophosphorus, i-organochlorine compounds, i-neonicotinoids ne-pyrethroids.

Izindlela ze-Agrotechnical

Lezi zindlela zisetshenziselwa hhayi kuphela ukulwa netiya lesinkwa, kepha futhi njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela. Izazi zezolimo zithi:

• yenza ukuhlwanyelwa kwentwasahlobo kokusanhlamvu kusentwasahlobo ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze izithombo zibe nesikhathi sokukhula futhi zilahlekelwe ukukhanga kwazo,
• silwe nokhula ezizungeze amasimu wokutshala, ikakhulukazi ngezitshalo zikakolweni ezikhula zasendle,
• faka umanyolo wamaminerali ngesikhathi esifanele ukufaka isandla ekubhujisweni kwezibungu zezinambuzane,
• Sebenzisa izinhlobo zokusanhlamvu ezingamelana kakhulu namaza wesinkwa, ngokwesibonelo, ukolweni onamaqabunga amade wesitho sangasese,
• qinisekisa nokuhlwanyela ngokungena okuningana. Lokhu kuvumela izitshalo ukuba zikhule ngokushesha ngaphambi kwesikhathi somsebenzi wezinambuzane,
• qaphela ukujikeleza kwezilimo
• ngokwezindawo zishiya kude nezindawo zobusika zobhungane ezinonya.

Amakhemikhali

Ukwelashwa kwezilimo ngama-ejenti abulala izinambuzane kufaka phakathi:

• enikeza ukwelashwa kwembewu ngamakhemikhali,
• ukufafaza okufika ngesikhathi kwezinkozo.

Ukucutshungulwa kwamakhemikhali kwenziwa lapho amabhungane angama-30 kuye kwangama-50 ngesikwele semitha ngayinye yendawo elinywayo atholakala phakathi kokuhlolwa okubukwayo. Inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinambuzane lihlala emaphethelweni amasimu. Ngakho-ke, ngokuyinhloko izindlela zokulawula amakhemikhali zenzelwe ukufafaza le ngxenye yezilimo.

Ukubuyekezwa kwabantu mayelana nokulwa nempi yesinkwa

U-Agronomist Vitaliy, oneminyaka engama-42: njengoba uquqaba lwezintambo olunemigqa lubeka engcupheni ekhethekile izithombo ezincane zezinhlamvu zasentwasahlobo ezingafinyelelanga iqabunga lesithathu, ngincamela ukuqhuba ukuhlwanyelwa kwangaphambilini. Ngilima ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu ngembewu yokubulala izinambuzane bese ngitshala insimu kakolweni ngaphambi kwesonto elilodwa, kuye ngesimo sezulu. Angikuvumeli ukusakazwa kokhula, okuwukunakekelwa okuyinhloko kwezitshalo futhi akufaki ukunqotshwa kwesisindo sezithombo zikakolweni zasentwasahlobo yizimbungulu.

Lowo omele le ndawo yezolimo "Zemlyakoff" Pavel Grigoryevich: ukhula ukolweni, rye, oats, sihlangana njalo nengquza yesinkwa. Asisebenzisi nje kuphela izindlela ze-agrotechnical zokuqedwa kwayo - ukugcinwa kokushintshwa kwezilimo, ukukhonkotha, ukulima, kodwa futhi nezindlela zamakhemikhali. Imbewu kumele iphathwe ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane bese kusetshenzwa izilimo zikakolweni ezisebusika. I-Agent Agent izibonakalise kahle, siyifafaza ngayo kanye emaphethelweni endawo ehlwanyelwe. Isenzo somkhiqizo sisuka ezindaweni eziphathisiwe ziye kwezingalashwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, alwa hhayi kuphela ngesikela sesinkwa, kodwa nezinye izinambuzane zezilimo ezihlwabushiwe. Ukuvunwa kuyajabulisa!

Isiphetho

Ukuvimbela ukusakazeka okukhulu kwamapheya esinkwa esinemigqa, udinga ukucubungula ngokucophelela ukuthengwa nokusebenza kwangaphambili kokuhlwanyelwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo zezilimo okusanhlamvu. Izindlela zokuvimbela ezihambisana nokulondolozwa kobuchwepheshe obufanele bezolimo zizogwema ukulahleka kwezilimo. Uma ukusakazeka kwezinambuzane sekusabalele, khona-ke ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okusebenzayo akunakugwenywa!